Care Without Scare…! Occupational Health for Health Care Workers.
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Transcript of Care Without Scare…! Occupational Health for Health Care Workers.
Care Without Scare…!
Occupational Health for Health Care Workers
IAOH - 2013 2
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
PHYSICAL, MENTAL & SOCIAL WELL
BEING IN RELATION TO WORK AND
WORK ENVIRONMENT.
IAOH - 2013 3
What is Occupational Health?
Occupation (work) Health
Accidents
Environment
Different Definitions:Health problems arising from or pertaining to workHealth of people at workThe Health of the gainfully employedRelationship between Occupation (work) & Health
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Occupational diseases have a long latent period.
Most occupational diseases cannot be treated.
All occupational diseases can be prevented.
Occupational Diseases
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“ What the mind does not know, the eyes do not
see”
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OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Mechanical Hazards
Psychosocial Hazards
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DISORDERS
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Primary irritants, Allergy, Systemic toxicity
Gas, Vapour, Aerosol, Dust, Fume, Smoke,
Mist, Fog
Eating, Smoking
INHALATION INGESTIONSKIN ABSORBTION
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
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FOUR TYPES
Diseases only occupational in origin (pneumoconiosis)
Where occupation as one of the causal factors (bronchogenic carcinoma)
Occupation as A contributary factor (chronic bronchitis)
Occupation aggrevating pre-existing condition (asthma)
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OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Mechanical Hazards
Psychosocial Hazards
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OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
Diseases due to Physical Agents Heat - Heat stroke, Burns Cold - Frost bite Light - Miners Nystagmus, Cataract Pressure - Caisson disease, Air embolism
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Diseases due to Physical Agents
Noise - NIHL, Hypertension, Irritability
Vibration - Neuromuscular diseases, Peripheral vascular diseases
Radiation - Leukemia, Aplastic anaemia
Mechanical - Injuries, Accidents
Electricity - Electric shock, Burns
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
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OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
Diseases due to Chemical Agents
Gases - CO, CO2, HCN, H2S,CS2
Dusts - Pneumoconiosis
Metals - Lead, Mercury, Chromium, Manganese
Chemicals - Acids, Alkalies
Solvents - Benzene, Trichloroethylene
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Chemical Hazards
Metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, zinc, beryllidum, tin, silver, etc)
Carbon compounds (organic solvents)
Benzine, Toluene, Zylene
Phenol, Nitrate, Napthalene, Isocyanates, Carbon tetrachloride, Carbon disulphide, Vinyl chloride monomer, etc
Pesticides & toxic gases (amonia phosgene, carbon monoxide)
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Lung Diseases Caused by Dust Depends on chemical composition, particulate size,
concentration, shape, specific gravity & body’s reaction Pneumoconiosis
Asbestosis Silicosis Coal workers pneumoconiosis
Lung diseases caused by dust of organic origin Byssinois (exposure to cotton dust) Mushroom workers lung Suberrosis (Cork dust) Bird breeders lung (chickens, parrots, pigeons) Man made fibres
Occupational asthma Flour insects and pollens: linseed, soya beans, teak
wood, hair, fur, etc: isocyanates, poly urethane, amines, metals
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Diseases due to Biological Agents Hepatitis B, Rabies, AIDS, Leptospirosis…,
Occupational Cancers Cancer of Skin, Lungs, Bladder
Occupational Dermatosis Dermatitis, Eczema
Psychosocial Diseases Neurosis, Peptic ulcer, Hypertension
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
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Musculo-skeletal problems
Due to Excessive load on the muscles, ligaments, tendons and bone.
Due to Insufficient circulation to the Musculoskeletal system.
Work that requires activity of a small group of relatively weak muscles (such as continuous use of fingers of the dominant hand in data entry).
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Common sites for Musculo-skeletal problems
Neck Forearm Wrist Fingers Back Knee
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COMPUTERS / VDU
RSI / CTD – Tenosynovitis, Tendinitis, Tennis Elbow, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Trigger Finger
Musculoskeletal Problems in Neck, Shoulder & Upper Limbs
Visual Fatigue & Eye Problems Bifocals & Computers Skin Diseases Low Back Pain Effects of Shift Work
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Occupational health & Computer work
Musculo-skeletal problemsOcular problems
Reproductive problemsSkin problems
Psychosocial problemsLifestyle problems
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Repetitive Strain Injury
Muscular stress caused by the frequent, repetitive use of the same muscle throughout the day. Accustomed and unaccustomed repetitive work with hands.Work that involves repeated wrist flexion or extreme extension, particularly in combination with forceful pinching.Repeated forces on the base of the palm or wrist.
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Common RSIs
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Cervical radiculopathy
Epicondylitis
Ganglion cyst
Tendonitis
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New Pathologies
AIDS Stress Geriatrics Space Medicine Genetic Aberrations (longevity!) Cancer Robotics-related Injuries Migrant Global Workers
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Elements of Occupational Health Services
• Medical treatment
• Assessment and control of work environment
• General preventive health measures
• Preventive medical examinations
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Prevention of Occupational Health Hazards
Administrative Measures Engineering Measures Ergonomics Medical Measures
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Ergonomics
The IEA divides ergonomics broadly into three domains:
Physical ergonomics: working postures, materials handling, repetitive movements, work related musculoskeletal disorders, workplace layout, safety and health.
Cognitive ergonomics : mental workload, decision-making, skilled performance, human-computer interaction, human reliability, work stress and training as these may relate to human-system design.
Organizational ergonomics: communication, crew resource management, work design, design of working times, teamwork, community ergonomics, cooperative work, new work programs, virtual organizations, telework, and quality management.
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Goals Of Ergonomics Improve quality of working environment
engineered to the capabilities of the human body
Increase efficiency and productivity by reducing fatigue.
Prevention of Occupational injury & illness.Work quality improvement.
Proactive Ergonomics
Vs Reactive Ergonomics
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MEDICAL MEASURES
Pre-employment medical check up
Periodic medical examination
Health promotion
Health education
Specific protection
Assessment of risk by supervision of working environment
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Pre-employment Medical Examination
To determine the physical and emotional capacity of the individual to perform the job.
To provide base line health data for epidemiological and legal purposes.
To counsel the person for correction of diseases / habits which may harm later.
Assessment of pre-existing toxicity / impairment due to past exposure, if any.
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Pre-placement Medical Examination
HAZARD UNDESIRABLE CONDITIONS
Lead Anaemia, Hypertension, Peptic ulcer
Dyes Asthma, Skin & Kidney disease
Solvents Liver & Kidney disease, Alcoholism
Silica Tuberculosis, Chronic lung disease
X rays / Radium Blood diseases
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Periodic Medical ExaminationEvaluation of general health status.
Earliest detection and prevention of work related disorders.
Early detection, control and prevention of any health disorder which may affect the ability to perform the job.
To detect deviation in health status from base line data.
Detection of infectious / communicable diseases which may affect others.
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OSH IN HEALTHCARE
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Who is a Health Care Worker?Doctor
Dentist
Nurse
Lab technician
Radiology technician
Physiotherapist
Aaya, Wardboy
Pharmacist
Laundry worker
Maintenance staff ………..
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Occupational Risks in Various Areas
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Common Concerns
Shift Work
Emotional Stress
Ergonomic
Slips, trips, falls
Violence ?
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Preventive Measures
Universal Precautions
Training & Education
Medical Surveillance
Immunization
Identify, Monitor & Control exposures
Stress Management
Violence Prevention Program
IAOH - 2013 37
Hippocrates Refusing Gift from Alexander
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Thank YouPrepared by Dr. Shyam R. Pingle