Care of Clients in the School Setting Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle...

Care of Clients in the School Setting

Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark

23CHAPTER

Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark

Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Impact of Schools on Health

• 45 million children attend schools in the U.S.

• Impact of health on learning



School Health Program

• Strategies, activities, and services provided by schools

• Promote students’ physical, emotional, and social development



Goal of School Health Program:

• Ensure children reach their full academic and health potential through:– Health promotion– Protection– Surveillance activities



Components of School Health Program

• Health services

• Health education

• Healthy environment

• Staff health promotion

• Parent and community involvement



Components of School Health Program



Health Services Activities

• Assessment and screening

• Case finding

• Counseling

• Health promotion and illness prevention

• Case management



Health Services Activities (continued)

• Remedial or rehabilitation services

• Specific nursing procedures

• Emergency care



Health Education

• Health awareness and healthful behaviors

• Uses both cognitive and affective learning



Environmental Component

• Physical education

• Counseling, psychological, and social services

• Nutritional services



Employee Health Component

• Reduce illness and absenteeism

• Role-model healthy behaviors



Partnership Component

• School

• Family

• Community



Assessment of School Health Factors

• Biophysical

• Psychological

• Physical environmental

• Sociocultural

• Behavioral

• Health system



Biophysical Considerations

• Age and maturation

• Genetics

• Physiologic function



Psychological Considerations

• Student and staff relationships

• School and family relationships

• Teacher discipline practices

• Mental illness presence



Physical Environment

• School building age and hazards

• Proximity of school to community

• Potential for spread of disease

• Disaster preparedness



Sociocultural Considerations

• Culture and ethnicity

• Economic resources

• Legislation

• Abuse and violence

• Terrorism potential



Behavioral Considerations

• School attendance

• Physical and recreational activities

• Diet and nutrition

• Home and school lunch quality

• Substance use and abuse

• Safety practices

• Gambling habits of adolescents



Health System Considerations

• Assessments at individual and community level– Availability of health and mental health

services– Relationship between school and community– Structure for delivering health services



Primary Interventions

• Immunization

• Safety and injury/violence prevention

• Exclusion from school

• Health education

• Diet and nutrition

• Exercise and physical activity

• Illness prevention



Secondary Interventions

• Screening

• Referral

• Counseling

• Treatment



Screening

• Goal is to detect disease and special needs

• Types of screening services



Referral

Interpret data from screening and discuss with parents



Counseling

Assist in making informed health decisions



Treatment

• Emergency care

• Medical management

• Special procedures



Tertiary Prevention

• Prevent recurrence of acute problems

• Prevent complications

• Foster adjustment to chronic illness and handicapping conditions

• Address learning disabilities

• Sustain school-based health services



Resources

• The National Association of School Nurses improves the health and educational success of children and youth by developing and providing leadership to advance school nursing practice.

• School Health Index (SHI) to is used to score the health of the school’s population: help to include health promotion activities in the overall School Improvement Plan.



Resources

• Open Airways in the Schools Open Airways for Schools (OAS) is a major American Lung Association initiative to help children in elementary schools better manage their asthma. The program is school-based, designed by health care professionals and operates in a variety of elementary school settings throughout the United States.



Resources

• National School Boards Association website includes 101 packets of information on key topics, the School Health Resource Database, up-to-date health news important to school leaders.

• Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System offers the latest national government data and statistics concerning risk behaviors in Youth.

Care of Clients in the School Setting Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle...

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