Cardiovascular Systems Chapter 15. The Heart 4 Chambers of the Heart 2 smaller chambers are called...
-
Upload
tracey-sharp -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of Cardiovascular Systems Chapter 15. The Heart 4 Chambers of the Heart 2 smaller chambers are called...
The Heart
4 Chambers of the Heart
2 smaller chambers are called an atrium
2 lower chambers are called ventricles
The septum separates the right & left atria and ventricles
Blood
Red Blood CellsTransports oxygen
White Blood CellsProtects against infection
Part of the immune system
PlateletsPrevents loss of blood
Click the Picture
Blood Vessels
Network of more than 60,000 miles of blood vessels!!!
Includes:
Arteries:carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries:carry blood between arterioles and small vessels called venules
Veins:returns blood to the heart
The Lymphatic SystemFights infection & plays a role in the immunity to
disease.Lymph: clear fluid that fills space around body cells.
2 types:1. B Cells: stimulated when in contact with a
pathogen and attack. Some are memory cells to help for later exposure…
2. T Cells: stimulated when in contact with a pathogen. Killer cells & Helper cells…
Structure of the Lymphatic System
Network of vessels & tissuesTwo large lymphatic ducts (empty into veins near the heart)
Lymph nodes (filters)
Other structures include:• Spleen • Thymus gland• Tonsils
Blood PressureMeasure of the amount of force that the
blood places on the walls of blood vessels. Particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body.Sphygmomanometer & stethoscope120/80 is considered normal
1st number is max. pressure (systolic)2nd number is min. pressure (diastolic)
Cardiovascular System ProblemsCongenital Heart Defects
Present since birthHole in the septum allows oxygenated blood to mix with deoxygenated bloodValves that don’t function properly
Cardiovascular Disease Group of diseases of the cardiovascular system that includes hypertension, heart disease, and stroke.#1 killer of Men & Women (95,000 deaths)
Heart Murmur Abnormal sounds as blood flows through the heart
Cardiovascular System Problems
Varicose VeinsValves in the veins don’t close tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood. Veins become enlarged and painful.
Anemia Condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced.
Most common reason is iron deficiency
Cardiovascular System Problems
LeukemiaForm of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively & abnormally.
HemophiliaInherited disorder
Blood doesn't clot normally
Lymphatic System Problems
Immune Deficiency: Immune system can no longer protect against infections
Hodgkin’s Disease/ Lymphoma:Type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes & spleen
Tonsillitis Tonsils reduce the number of pathogens entering the body, but aren’t able to if infected…
Structure of the Respiratory System
The LungsAir goes down the trachea (windpipe)
Branches out to the bronchi
Leads to divided & subdivide network of tubes called the bronchioles
At the ends are groups of microscopic structures called alveoli.
Other Respiratory Structures
Upper respiratoryNose
Lined with cilia
Mucus producing cellsTogether trap & remove particles
Warmed & moistened
Mouth
Pharynx to the trachea to the bronchiTrachea is lined with cilia & mucus cells
The Larynx & the Epiglottis
Larynx (voice box)Connects throat & trachea
Epiglottis Flap of cartilage
Folds down to keep things from entering the respiratory system or the “Wrong Pipe”
Respiration System ProblemsBronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi caused by inflection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution
Pneumonia An inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infections
AsthmaInflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, & bronchioles become narrowed, caused difficulty in breathing