Cardiovascular Physiology lab - Laulima · PDF file1st Z142L lab report ... – All...
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Z142L Cardiovascular Physiology lab
Transcript of Cardiovascular Physiology lab - Laulima · PDF file1st Z142L lab report ... – All...
Z142L
CardiovascularPhysiologylab
ToAccomplishToday
• CVPhysiology–twoexercisesinthelabmanual1. Exercise31:
ConducEonsystemoftheheart• EKG–AliveCor
2. Exercise33:BPandpulsedeterminaEons
• Supplementalexperiments
• Experiments– Effectsofage,sex,exerciseandbodyposiEononEKG,BPandHR.
• Preparetowriteyour1stZ142Llabreport.– Due6March2017(alongwiththenotebookandonthesamedayasthe1stlabpracEcal!)
HUMANCVPHYSIO:ConducEon• StatethefuncEonoftheintrinsicconducEonsystemoftheheart.
• ListtheelementsoftheintrinsicconducEonsystemoftheheartanddescribehowimpulsesareiniEatedandconducted.
• IdenEfyandinterpretECGwavesintermsofdepolarizaEonandrepolarizaEonevents.
• CalculateheartrateandwaveintervalsfromECGsrecordedduringlabperiod.
• EvaluatetheeffectsofexerciseandbodyposiEononECGwaves.
MastertheobjecEvesfortheHumanCVPhysiology:ConducEonSystemoftheHeartandECG.
HUMANCVPHYSIO:ConducEon• IntrinsicconducEonsystem.
– Examinemodelsandfigures
HUMANCVPHYSIO:ConducEon
• RecordingECGusingtheAliveCoriPhonedeviceandApp.– Allstudentsgeta20-30secondbaselinereading
• RecordBPusingasphygmomanometer(bloodpressurecuff).
IntrinsicConducEonSupplementalQuesEons
Ques%on Answer
Describethephysiologicalbasisoftheintrinsicheartbeatandauto-rhythmicity.
Whataretheextrinsicandintrinsiccontrolcentersforheartrate?
SAnode
ListthecomponentsoftheintrinsicconducEonsysteminsequencestarEngwiththeSAnode.Youmayneedtoaddorsubtractarrows.
DefiniEonsTerm Defini%on
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
FibrillaEon
Systole
Diastole
Cardiaccycle
Pulse
Pulsepressure
Pulsedeficit
Bloodpressure
SoundsofKorotkoff
MAP
ObjecEve2:ListandidenEfytheelementsoftheintrinsicconducEonsystem,anddescribehowimpulsesareiniEatedandconductedthroughthissystemandthemyocardium.
RecordingECGsusingtheAliveCordevice
Wewillrecord30secondsofacEvityandyouwillgetanemailofyourresults.
YoushouldhaveaphotoofyourselfforthemethodssecEonofbothyournotebookandtheCVpaper.
HypothesisStatements-EffectsofbodyposiEonandexerciseonECGwavesandBPVariable Hypothesis
Layingdown
Signgupaherlayingdown
Breathholdingfor20seconds
Exercisingfor5minutes
YourhypothesisstatementsareplacedintheintroducEonofyourpaperanddiscussed(wereyourightorwrongandwhy)inthediscussionsecEon.
YouwilllabelthethreewavesthatmakeupthenormalECGaswellastheintervalsandsegments.YouwillthencalculatetheaverageduraEonofallmajorwavesandsegments.SeethelabbookforinstrucEons,butusethreeECGs.Gotohjp://en.my-ekg.com/basic-principles/intervals-segments-ekg.htmltoreadaboutthewaves,segmentsandintervals.
Indicatethenormallengthofthecardiaccycle.
Wave Normal(seconds)
Measureddura%on(seconds)
Averageofmeasurements(seconds)
P 0.06-0.11
1.
2.
3.
QRScomplex 0.08-0.12
1.
2.
3.
T 0.16
1.
2.
3.
AverageduraEonofECGwaves
AverageduraEonofECGsegments.Segment Normal
(Miliseconds)Measureddura%on(seconds)
Averagedura%on(seconds)
P-RInterval 120-2001.
2.
3.
P-RSegment 801.
2.
3.
S-TSegment 1201.
2.
3.
Q-TInterval310-450(460inkidsand470inwomen)
1.
2.
3.
T-PSegment Variable1.
2.
3.
QRS–QRSInterval 60-100
1. EsEmatedHR:_______________________2.
3.
MorequesEons
Ques%on Answer
Compareyourresultstoclinicalnorms.Areyourvalues“normal?”
WhatdoesaprolongedP-Rsegmentindicateclinically?
WhatdoesaprolongedT-Rintervalindicateclinically?
Compare“segment”to“interval”onanECG.
Subject/Sex/Age/Fitness
Ac%vity HR P PR RR QRS ST QT T T(HT)
TR
1 Laying(baseline)
Signgup
Breathhold(20sec)
Exercising(5min)
2 Laying(baseline)
Signgup
Breathhold(20sec)
Exercising(5min)
3 Laying(baseline)
Signgup
Breathhold(20sec)
Exercising(5min)
EffectsofexerciseandbodyposiEononECGintervals
Subject/Sex/Age/Fitness
Ac%vity HR P PR RR QRS ST QT T T(HT)
TR
4 Laying(baseline)
Signgup
Breathhold(20sec)
Exercising(5min)
5 Laying(baseline)
Signgup
Breathhold(20sec)
Exercising(5min)
6 Laying(baseline)
Signgup
Breathhold(20sec)
Exercising(5min)
EffectsofexerciseandbodyposiEononECGintervals
Average Ac%vity HR P PR RR QRS ST QT T T(HT)
TR
Laying(baseline)
Signgup
Breathhold(20sec)
Exercising(5min)
EffectsofexerciseandbodyposiEononECGintervals
ProduceabargraphcomparingeachacEvityusingtheaveragesofpooleddata.
milisecond
s
PRRRQRSSTQTTR
#,Title,DescripEon
Key:BaselineSigngBreathholdingExercising
Addappropriate
scale
ProduceabargraphcomparingeachacEvityusingtheaveragesofpooleddata.Makesuretocorrectlylabelthe“Y”axiswithBeatsperminuteforHRandmillimeters(mm)forthewaveheights.Youcanuseboththelehandrightsidesoftheboxas“Y”axes.Puttheappropriatescalealongwiththeaxesheading.
HRPQRST
#,Title,DescripEon
Key:BaselineSigngBreathholdingExercising
BPM MM
Inyourpaper,youwillneedtodiscussthefindingsyourepresentinthesegraphs.Talkaboutnormalandwhatitmeanswhenthesenumbersaretoohighortoolow.DonotdiscusstheresultsintheresultssecEon.TheresultssecEoncontainsyourgraphs,notdatatablesordiscussion.Datatablesareforthelabnotebook.
Addappropriate
scale
Addappropriate
scale
YouneedtobeabletodiagramanddescribetheeventsthatareoccurringintheheartattheEmeofeachofthewavedeflecEons.
Thisdiagramillustratesathree-leadhookuptotakeanECG.Wearedoingaone-lead.Explainhowaone-leadECGworksandcompareittoathree-leadandthenormal12-leadECG.
Labeleachofthesetracingsandexplainwhatisshown.
Labeleachofthesetracingsandexplainwhatisshown.
CVBPandPulseAcEvity1.Useastethoscopetoauscultateheartsounds.AcEvity2.Palpatemajorpulsepoints.AcEvity4.ApicalpulseAcEvity5.Useamanualsphygmomanometertomeasurebloodpressure.• Measureorcalculatepulse,
pulsepressure,meanarterialpressureandstrokevolume.
q Definesystole,diastole,andcardiaccycle.
LabeltheWigginsdiagram.
YoushouldbeabletolabelafigurelikethisandrelateittotheconducEonaspectsofthecardiaccycle.Describewhatisoccurringineachpanelofthisdiagram.Beabletolabelallthepartsoftheheartandassociatedbloodvessels.
ObjecEve2BP&Pulse:Indicatethenormallengthofthecardiaccycle,therelaEvepressurechangesoccurringwithintheatriaandventricles,theEmingofvalveclosure,andthevolumechangesoccurringintheventriclesduringthecycle.ObjecEve3:CorrelatetheeventsoftheECGwiththeeventsofthecardiaccycle.
CVBPandPulseUseastethoscopetolistentoheartsounds(S1andS2)ineachofthefollowinglocaEons(seeFigure33a.2onp494).(BESURETOCLEANEARPIECESBEFOREUSE)
– 2ndintercostalspacerightofsternalmargin
– 2ndintercostalspacelehofsternalmargin
– 5thintercostalspacelehofsternum
– 5thintercostalspacerightofsternum
Obj4:Usethestethoscopetoauscultateheartsounds,relateheartsoundstocardiaccycleeventsanddescribetheclinicalsignificanceofheartmurmurs.
NoEcehowyourtexthasslightlydifferentreferencepoints.TheyplacetheauscultaEonpointforthepulmonary(tricuspid)valveontheRIGHTlateraledgeofthebodyofthesternumatrib5.
ObjecEve5:DemonstratethoraciclocaEonswherethe1stand2ndheartsoundsaremostaccuratelyauscultated.
Beabletoexplainhowabloodpressurecuffworks.
ObjecEve8.Determineasubject’sbloodpressurewithasphygmomanometer,andrelatesystolicanddiastolicpressurestoeventsofthecardiaccycle.ObjecEve9.Comparethevalueofvenouspressuretosystemicbloodpressure,anddescribehowvenouspressureismeasured.
CVBPandPulse
• Palpatesuperficialpulsepoints.– CommoncaroEdartery– Brachialartery– Radialartery– PosteriorEbialartery
q PalpateeachlocaEon(photographordiagram).
q EsEmateHR.q AnswerquesEoninthe
supplementalhandout
ObjecEve7:Determineasubject’sapicalandradialpulse.ObjecEve11:IndicatefactorsaffecEngbloodflowandskincolor.
HUMANCVPHYSIO:BP&pulseEffectsofbodyposiEononBPandpulse.• RecordECGusingtheAliveCoriPhone
deviceandApp.RecordBPusingasphygmomanometer.– 1studentfromeachlabgroup
1. Signg2. Layingdown3. Standingup4. Standingfor3minutes
q Hypothesisforeachvariableq Completesubjectinfotableq CompleteBPtable&calculaEonsq EsEmateHRfromECGq Pooldataforallgroupsontableq Createbargraphcomparing
averagesystolicandaveragediastolicBPandCOforeachvariable
q Discussionpersupplementalsheet
HypothesisStatements-EffectsofbodyposiEonandexerciseonBPandpulse
Variable Hypothesis
Signg(baseline)
Layingdown
Standing(immediately)
Standingaher3minutes
YourhypothesisstatementsareplacedintheintroducEonofyourpaperanddiscussed(wereyourightorwrongandwhy)inthediscussionsecEon.
EffectsofbodyposiEononHR&BPSubject/Sex/Age/Wt
Ac%vity HR SystolicBP
DiastolicBP
Pulsepressure
MAP CO
1 Signg(baseline)
Layingdown
Standing(immediate)
Standing(post3min)
2 Signg(baseline)
Layingdown
Standing(immediate)
Standing(post3min)
3 Signg(baseline)
Layingdown
Standing(immediate)
Standing(post3min)
EffectsofbodyposiEononHR&BPSubject/Sex/Age/Wt
Ac%vity HR SystolicBP
DiastolicBP
Pulsepressure
MAP CO
4 Signg(baseline)
Layingdown
Standing(immediate)
Standing(post3min)
5 Signg(baseline)
Layingdown
Standing(immediate)
Standing(post3min)
6 Signg(baseline)
Layingdown
Standing(immediate)
Standing(post3min)
EffectsofbodyposiEononHR&BP
Subject/Sex/Age/Wt
Ac%vity HR SystolicBP
DiastolicBP
Pulsepressure
MAP CO
AVERAGEofatleast6readings
Signg(baseline)
Layingdown
Standing(immediate)
Standing(post3min)
ProduceabargraphcomparingtheeffectsofeachacEvityusingtheaveragesofpooleddata.Makesuretocorrectlylabelthe“Y”axiswithBeatsperminuteforHRandmillimetersmercury(mmHg)forthebloodpressurereadings.Youcanuseboththelehandrightsidesoftheboxas“Y”axes.Puttheappropriatescalealongwiththeaxesheading.YouneedtoaddaheadingandunitsforCardiacOutput.
HRSystolicDiastolicCO
#,Title,DescripEon
Key:BaselineLayingStanding0minStanding3min
BPM mmHg
Inyourpaper,youwillneedtodiscussthefindingsyourepresentinthesegraphs.Talkaboutnormalandwhatitmeanswhenthesenumbersaretoohighortoolow.DonotdiscusstheresultsintheresultssecEon.TheresultssecEoncontainsyourgraphs,notdatatablesordiscussion.Datatablesareforthelabnotebook.
Addappropriate
scale
Addappropriate
scale
WriEnganA&Ppaper• Titlepage
– Titleofpaper– Namesofpartners– Course– Date
• IntroducEon– 1-2paragraphs– Hypothesisstatements– Overviewofwhatwedidandwhyitisimportant
– Summaryofmostimportantfindingsandhowtheirrelevance.
• Methodsandmaterials– 1-2pages– Describemethods– Photosofsetupandproceduresworkreallywell
– Allphotos,figures,graphs,charts,illustraEons,diagrams….MustbesequenEallynumbered,haveaEtleandbriefdescripEon.Youmustalsorefertothefigureinthetext.
WriEnganA&Ppaper
• Results– Theanalyzeddata:graphs,NOTtables!!
– Eachexperimentalprocedureshouldberepresented.
• ConducEon• AuscultaEon• Pulsepoints• BPandpulse
– Allphotos,figures,graphs,charts,illustraEons,diagrams….MustbesequenEallynumbered,haveaEtleandbriefdescripEon.Youmustalsorefertothefigureinthetext.
• Discussion– Addresswhetherornotyourhypothesisstatementsweresupportedbytheresearch.
• Ifnot,whynot…lookforsourcesoferrorandexplainthem
• Ifyes,whatisanextresearchstep?
– ExplainyourresultsinthecontextofcardiacconducEon,thecardiaccycle,bloodpressureandpulse.
– UsetheobjecEvestocreateanoutline,butdon’tjustrespondtotheobjecEves,createanarraEve.
– Addresshowtheexperimentsillustrateclinicalproceduresandhowtheydiffer.
– AddresshowtheclinicalramificaEonsandanydiagnosEcpotenEal…
Writing an A&P paper • References
– Atleastthree• Oneisthetext• Twomustbeprimarysources
– UseGoogleScholarandsearchbykeywords
– Findpapersdealingwithsomeaspectofourexperiments
– Citethepaperincontext
• Style– 1”margins– 1.5-2spacing– Pitch=12forbody,14forheadings
– Font=ArialorTimes(TimesNewRomanisfine)
– UseMLAstyleguidehjps://style.mla.orgorsimilar,justbeconsistent.
ForaddiEonaldetails,see“HowtoWriteanA&Ppaper”byDr.Langston.
