Cardiac Cycle - Utah State Universityetct.ete.usu.edu/curriculum/NI_Lessons/EKG_Lesson_3.1/Lesson...
Transcript of Cardiac Cycle - Utah State Universityetct.ete.usu.edu/curriculum/NI_Lessons/EKG_Lesson_3.1/Lesson...
Cardiac Cycle
Lesson 3.1
Developed by Geran Call as partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Four
Chambers
• Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
• Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs to receive oxygen
• Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
• Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left VentricleDeveloped by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Valves
• Atrioventricular Valves: Allows blood to pass from atria to ventricles and closes to prevent back flow when the ventricle contracts (Right and Left)
• Semilunar Valves: pump blood between ventricles and associated arteries (right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary artery, left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta.)
Pulmonary artery
Left semilunar valvesRight semilunar valves
Left atrioventricular
valves
Right atrioventricular
valves
Aorta
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Vessels
• Pulmonary artery: carries blood to the lungs.
• Pulmonary veins: carries blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart.
• Aorta: Carries oxygenated blood to the body.
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Electrical
Nodes• Sinoatrial Node (SA
node): known as the “pacemaker of the heart,” sets the heart’s beating rhythm.
• Atrioventricular Node (AV node): passes the signal from the SA node to the ventricles, causing a delay in the cardiac cycle.
SA Node
AV Node
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Electrical
Nodes• Punkinje Fibers: is
muscle fiber that creates a network and carries electrical signals throughout the heart
Punkinje Fibers
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
The circulation of the blood is an endless cycle. For our purpose,
let’s begin the cycle at the right
atrium and left atrium. The blue is deoxygenated blood in the right
atrium. The red is oxygenated blood in the left atrium. With the
Atrioventricular Valves open blood drains into the ventricles.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
When the muscles contract around the atria the deoxygenated blood
moves through the atrioventricular
valves into the ventricles making sure they are full.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
Once the muscles around the ventricles contract, the
deoxygenated and oxygenated
blood leaves the ventricles through the semilunar valve.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
The deoxygenated blood (blue) leaves through the pulmonary
arteries traveling to the capillaries
contained in the lungs where the blood is oxygenated. Once
oxygenated the blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary
veins.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
The oxygenated blood (red) is pushed out the semilunar valve
into the aorta. The aorta transports
the oxygenated blood to capillaries of the abdominal organs, hind
limbs, head, and forelimbs. After the blood is deoxygenated, it
returns to the heart.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• What drives the cardiac cycle is the sinoatrial
node (SA node). The
SA node is also known as the pacemaker,
which sets the beat of the heart. The SA node
is located in the right atrium and triggers an
electrical impulse.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• The SA Node
impulse causes the
atria to contract,
emptying their blood
into the ventricles
through the now
open atrioventricular
valves.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• The atrioventricular valves are closed as the
impulse reaches the
atrioventricular node (AV node). This node
acts as a relay station for the electrical
impulse sent from the SA node, causing a
delay of the impulse
reaching the ventricles.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• When the pulse is
released from the
AV node, it travels
down the walls of
the ventricles on
conductive
pathways known as
Purkinje fibers.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• As the pulse travels
down the walls it is
causing the
ventricles to contract
from the bottom up,
squeezing the blood
through the
semilunar valves.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• Once pulse has
ended, the heart
relaxes and the
chambers of the
heart passively fill
with blood to await
another impulse
from the SA node.
Developed by Geran Call in partial fulfillment for Master’s plan B NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1