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Carbon Sequestration and

Emission Reduction through

Bamboo Forests and Products

Dr Pablo van der Lugt - MSc Eng PhD

Delft University of Technology | MOSO International BV

INBAR webinar 23 June 2020

p.vanderlugt@tudelft.nl

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High Density Bamboo (Strand Woven Bamboo)

- Can be panels, veneer, beams, or flooring boards.

- Suitable for many indoor and also semi-outdoor applications

- Density approx 1050 kg / m3

- Up to 2x harder than hardwood Hardness: ≥ 9,5 kg/mm²

- Extremely wear and impact resistant (ideal for high traffic / use applications).

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Product Level: Carbon footprint

• Analyse the complete life cycle from ‘Cradle to Grave’

• All production steps and additives are included.

• 2015: LCA & carbon footprint executed by TU Delft (ISO 14040/44),

presented at Climate Conference in Paris COP 21

• 2017: Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) published (EN 15804)

• 2021: Update released

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Land Level: Carbon sequestration and emission reduction

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Assessing CO2 balance of Bamboo Products

• Cradle to Grave assessment

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High Density Bamboo: Compression rough strips (either cold or hot press)

10. Pressing (1)

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Emissions per Process

• 3 main production technologies:

– Laminated strips (sidepressed /

plain pressed)

– Compressed strips – Strand

Woven Bamboo (high density)

– Strand Woven Bamboo –

outdoor use

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• CO2 negative over full life cycle (all solid bamboo materials)

• Credits for carbon sequestration and green electricity production

compensate emissions by transport, energy and glue

Flattened bamboo

(MOSO bamboo forest)

Plybamboo

(plainpressed / side

pressed)

SWB outdoor (MOSO

Bamboo X-treme)

SWB indoor (High

Density

-0,800

-0,600

-0,400

-0,200

0,000

0,200

0,400

0,600

0,800

Carbon footprint over life cycle (CO2eq / kg product)

Flattened bamboo (flooring)

Plybamboo (3ply panel, PP, C)

SWB indoor (beam, N)

SWB outdoor (decking)

Results – including carbon sequestration

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2021 update: Solar + biomass energy

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2021 update: Solar + biomass energy

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• Compared to other commonly used building materials

• Carbon footprint per cubic meter material

• Bamboo materials & softwood outperform hardwood, plastics & metals

Flattened bamboo

(MOSO bamboo

forest)

Plybamboo

(plainpressed / side

pressed)

SWB outdoor

(MOSO Bamboo X-

treme)

SWB indoor (High

Density

Results – including carbon sequestration

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Not yet taking into account:• Annual yield

• Additional growth related environmental benefits vs wood: – annual harvesting provides better growth > no deforestation

– reforestation on degraded land possible

– short establishment timeh

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1

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9

10

Europeanoak

Scots pine Chinese fir Teak Red meranti Moso Guadua

Annual yield (m3 semi-finished material / ha / yr)

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Annual yield makes a difference

with engineered bamboo more needs

can be met in same time period

Source: Booming Bamboo (2017)

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Carbon Benefit at Land level

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Carbon Benefit at Land level

Reforestation with giant bamboo

- In general, bamboo is very suitable for reforestation, even in difficult circumstances (e.g. eroded slopes).

- In China, active reforestation with bamboo has occurred since 1990 – approx 5% annual increase in bamboo area since 2004.

- There are large amounts of CO2 locked in below-ground and above ground biomass + durable products pool

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Land Level: Carbon sequestration and emission reduction

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1 Total Eco-system Carbon (TEC)

3 Displacement

Displacement factor: 1 tons of HBP replacing

abiotic materials on average leads to CO2

reduction of 1.5 tons CO2

* Rüter S., Werner F., Forsell N., Prins C., Vial E., Levet A.-L. 2016.

ClimWood2030, Climate benefits of material substitution by forest

biomass and harvested wood products: Perspective 2030 – Final

Report. Braunschweig: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut.

2 Harvested Wood / Bamboo

Products (HBP)

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Europeanoak

Scots pine Chinese fir Teak Red meranti Moso Guadua

Annual yield (m3 semi-finished material / ha / yr)

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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo (1)

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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo (1)

1. TEC

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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo (2)

1. TEC 2. HBP

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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo (3)

1. TEC 2. HBP 3. Displacement

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CO2 Sequestration with Bamboo - Total

• > 1000 tons CO2 benefit possible per reforested hectare

• Managed bamboo forest > CO2 sequestration than wood plantation

• Unmanaged bamboo forest < CO2 sequestration than wood plantation

• More research required (higher N, more species, management practice)

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Climate Change Mitigation with Bamboo

Paris Agreement

1. TEC

2. HBP

3. Displacement

• Applicable: NDCs > CDM, REDD+

• Potential: High, Short – Med term

• Applicable: NDCs > CDM

• Potential: Medium, Med - Long term

• Applicable: not yet, maybe SDM

• Potential: Medium, Med - Long term

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Bamboo voluntary carbon markets (VCS)

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Thanks for your Attention!

Dr. ir. Pablo van der Lugt

MOSO International

Technical University Delft

p.vanderlugt@tudelft.nl

Carbon Benefit at Building Level

Case: Hotel Jakarta Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Case: Hotel Jakarta Amsterdam 2500 m3 wood / bamboo:

~3000 tons CO2 locked +

~2000 tons CO2

avoided (substitution effect)

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Case: MOSO Int. 16.000 m3 bamboo / year

~26.000 tons CO2 locked +

~24.000 tons CO2 avoided (substitution

effect)

Total: 50.000 tons CO2 benefit / year (5000

EU citizens / yr)

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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo - Bioenergy

1. TEC 2. HBP 3. Displacement

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• At end of life:

– Dump: 10%

– Incineration for bioenergy: 90%

– For Netherlands credible assumption

– Based on Eco-invent v3 & Idemat 2014

– Result: credit 0,704 kg CO2 / kg

Carbon Credit – Energy production

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production

bamboo

use

MOSO

CO2 CO2

Captured CO2

End of Lifebamboo

plantation

waste

electricity

Fossil fuels

(oil, gas, etc)electricity

Carbon Sequestration – Product level

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Active bamboo reforestation on poor farmland

Carbon Sequestration - China

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Carbon Sequestration - China

• Actual Moso resource surface growth 2004-2011: 5% annual growth

• Result: credit 0,607 – 0,637 kg CO2 / kg bamboo product*

* Vogtländer, J.G., van der Velden N.M., Van der Lugt, P. (2014). Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach

based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo. Int J Life Cycle Assessment, 19: 13-23.