CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High...
Transcript of CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS - Whitney High...
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CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS
Section 3-3a (p. 55-56 & 58-59)
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Essential Questions
1. Identify the monomer, polymers and primary
function of carbohydrates. (Essential Skill 1-3)
2. Identify the monomers, polymers and
primary function of lipids. (Essential Skill 1-3)
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CarbohydratesSugars & Starches & Fiber
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Function of Carbohydrates
Used for short-term energy in all organisms and for
structure in plants.
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Monosaccharides (simple sugars)=
monomer of carbohydrates
Mono- = one
Examples
Glucose (C6H12O6) = sugar used as an energy source in all cells.
Other Examples: Fructose (Fruit sugar) & Galactose(Milk sugar)
Isomers – molecules with the same atoms that are arranged differently
Many monosaccharides are isomers
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Disaccharides (sugars) =
2 monosaccharides linked together.
Di- = two
Examples: Lactose (milk
sugar) & Sucrose (table
sugar)
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Polysaccharides (Starches & Complex Carbs.) =
3 or more monosaccharides linked.
Poly- = Many
Examples
Glycogen = Used as
energy storage in
animals (stored
glucose)
Cellulose = Used to
form the cell wall of
plants.
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Lipids
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Function: Used for long-term energy
storage.
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Monomers of Lipids (there are 2)
Glycerol = monomer
that can hold 3 fatty
acids
Fatty Acids = long
chains of C & H.
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Polymers of Lipids
Triglyceride =
normal energy
storage lipid
3 fatty acids & 1
glycerol
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Other Classes of Lipids to Know
Phospholipids = used to make all cell membranes.
Steroids = chemical messengers.
Cholesterol = strengthens cell membranes.
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats
Saturated = animal fat solid at room temp.
“bad fat”
no double bonds in fatty acid (straight molecule
Unsaturated = plant fat liquid at room temp.
“good fat”
has double bonds in fatty acid (bent molecule)
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Hydrogenated/Trans Fat
Unsaturated fat that
food companies turn
into saturated fat, for
better “look” of food
or preservation.
BAD! Linked to heart
disease.
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Some fat is good!
Healthy levels of fat
are needed for:
insulation
organ protection
long –term energy
storage
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What happens when you have too much
bad fat
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75% blockage
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Cross section of arteries
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Bypass
Surgery
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