Sagar Institute Of Research & Technology Bhopal, M.P., India

Under the guidance of

Prepared by Dr. Chitra Rekha Tiwari Vinay Pratap Singh

Chauhan

(EC/C/168)

CAR HYBRID TECHNOLOGY

Introduction A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)

augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).

A hybrid can achieve the cruising range and performance advantages of conventional vehicles with the low-noise, low-exhaust emissions, and energy independence benefits of electric vehicles

2

WHAT IS A HYBRID?

The dictionary defines a hybrid as something of mixed origin

A hybrid is a vehicle that is propelled by two power sources.

Internal combustion engine (ICE) +

Electric motor powered by batteries.

3

A hybrid car is a passenger vehicle that is driven by a hybrid engine, which is an engine that combines two or more sources of power, generally gasoline and electricity

There are two types of gasoline-electric hybrids:

• Parallel hybrid• Series hybrid

HOW DO HYBRID CARS WORK?

Gasoline engine and electric motor work together to move the car forward

HOW PARALLEL HYBRID CARS WORK

Gasoline engine either directly powers an electric motor that powers the vehicle, or charges batteries that will power the battery

HOW SERIES HYBRID CARS WORK

LEVELS OF HYBRID VEHICLES

7

• Full hybrid – They feature idle-stop function– Regenerative braking–Most are capable of using the electric

motor alone to propel the vehicle– The electric motor also assists the engine– Battery voltages are about 200 to 300

volts– (For Example:- Toyota Prius)

LEVELS OF HYBRID VEHICLES

8

• Medium hybrid– They feature idle-stop function– Regenerative braking–Most are not capable of using the electric

motor alone to propel the vehicle– The electric motor usually assists the engine– Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts– (for Example : Honda Civic Hybrid.)

LEVELS OF HYBRID VEHICLES

9

• Mild Hybrid– They feature idle-stop function– Regenerative braking– Are not capable of using the electric

motor to propel the vehicle– These systems are usually 42 volts or

less– (For Example : The Micro Hybrid

SCORPIO)

BASIC COMPONENTS

Power plant ICEElectric motor / GeneratorBattery TransmissionInverter

10

How hybrid cars work?

Gasoline engineFuel tankElectric motorGeneratorBatteriesTransmission

We are all familiar with gasoline-powered cars, and most people have heard about or seen electric cars. A hybrid car is a combination of the two. A hybrid vehicle contains parts of both gasoline and electric vehicles in an attempt to get the best of both worlds.

In a traditional hybrid vehicle, you have a complete electric car. It includes an electric motor to provide all of the power to the wheels, as well as batteries to supply the motor with electricity. Then you have a completely separate gasoline engine powering a generator. The engine is very small -- perhaps 10 to 20 horsepower -- and it is designed to run at just one speed for maximum efficiency. The purpose of this small, efficient engine is to provide enough power for the car at its cruising speed. During times of acceleration, the batteries provide the extra power necessary. When the car is decelerating or standing still, the batteries recharge. This sort of hybrid car is essentially an electric car with a built-in recharger for longer range. The advantage is that the small, efficient gasoline engine gets great mileage.

Working of hybrid Cars

ARE HYBRID VEHICLES SAFE?The following will disable the high voltage system High voltage interlock circuit Airbag deployment High voltage leak Removing battery negative

14

WHAT HAPPENS IF A HYBRID VEHICLE IS SUBMERGED IN WATER?There is no risk of electric shock

from touching the car's body or framework—in or out of the water.

15

Better mileage Improved acceleration

(most of the time)Less dependence on

fossil fuelsLower emissionsSome states provide

incentives for driving a hybrid (In USA)

Great driving experience

16

HYBRID VEHICLE VS REGULAR VEHICLE

Little highway mileage increase

High initial costNeeds high fuel cost to

be worthwhileCould cost more to

repairExtra maintenance itemsSome hybrids need

special tires

Advantages Disadvantages

Quickest and easiest way for emergency responders: All hybrid vehicles have badge plates located on the sides and/or rear of the vehicle

HOW TO IDENTIFY A HYBRID VEHICLE

HOW TO IDENTIFY A HYBRID VEHICLE

In place of a tachometer, a power meter showing kW output is used

Do you notice orange (high voltage) or blue (intermediate voltage) loom under hood or running under vehicle?

Hybrid tag on motorAuxiliary Power Output Operation

button on dash or 120VAC plugs noted in bed of pickup

Hybrid concept car

THE FUTURE OF HYBRID CAR TECHNOLOGY

20

CONCLUSIONS• Using the concept of Hybridization

of cars results in better efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel in today’s fuel deficit world.

• A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems to some extent.

• If proper research and development is done in this field, hybrid vehicle promises a practical, efficient, low pollution vehicle for the coming era.

Any Questions??