Cape Geography Syllabus

Geography – An Integrated Approach Matching Grid for CAPE Geography Syllabus

Cape Geography Syllabus Geography-An IntegratedApproach

Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 1Module 1: Population and Settlement 1.Population Distribution and Density 13(i) Population density and population distribution 344-45(ii) The factors influencing population distribution at alocal, regional and global scale

346-48

(iii) Methods of depicting population distribution anddensity

344[very little]

(iv) The merits and demerits of the methods of depictingpopulation distribution and density

344[very little]

2. Population Structure 13(i) Birth Rate, Death Rate and Natural Increase 349(ii) Construction and interpretation of population pyramids 353(iii) Interpretation of population structure in less developedcountries(LDCs) and more developed countries (MDCs)

354

(iv) Dependency ratios- calculations and implications 3543. Population and Population Change 13(i) Optimum, under and over population 376(ii) Models of population growth in relation toresources(Malthus, Boserup)

378-79

(iii) The demographic transition model and its applicabilityto the experiences of developed and developing countries

350-352

(iv) Calculation of population growth rates 349[very little]4. Migration 13(i) Types of population movements – international(trends); internal: rural – urban, urban – rural, urban –urban, rural – rural.

361

(ii) Causes and consequences of migration 362-375(iii)Questionnaire design, data collection and analysis ----------5. Location and Functions of Settlements 14(i) Physical and human factors influencing location andfunctions of rural and urban settlements

388-417

(ii) The use of topographic maps to identify and analysesite, situation, and settlement patterns

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Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 1Module 1: Population and Settlement (cont’d)6. Urbanisation 15

(i) the process of urbanisation in MDCs and LDCs 418-19(ii) Technology, urbanisation and counter-urbanisation

13,15 365,419 [verylittle]

(iii) Models of urban structure: Burgess, Hoyt, Ullman andHarris (assumptions, zones, limitations)

420-24

(iv) Problems and solutions to urban growth in MDCs andLDCs

437-41443-47

(v) Pedestrian and traffic counts and methods of depictingthe data collected ( flowlines and isolines)

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Module 2: Hydrological, Fluvial, Coastal andLimestone Environments1. Hydrology 3(i) Concepts associated with the hydrological cycle and theriver basin

3,9 58,214

(ii) Major flows and factors influencing flows within thehydrological cycle

58-59

(iii) The storm hydrograph and water budgets (spatial andtemporal changes)

60-64

(iv) Climatic, physical and biotic (human and vegetation)factors affecting the drainage basin characteristics

62-63

(v) Drainage patterns and drainage density 67,84-86(vi) The use of topographic maps to identify geological,physical and biotic (human and vegetation) influences onthe drainage basin

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2.Fluvial Processes and Landforms 3(i) Concepts associated with fluvial processes andlandforms (include competence and capacity)

72

(ii)The major flows and processes operating within theriver channel

68-74

(iii)Stream channel characteristics 68-71(iv)The influence of physical, biotic (human andvegetation)and geological processes on the long and cross– profiles of rivers

75-83,87-97

(v) The measurement and calculation of stream velocity,stream width and channel geometry

68-71[very little]


Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 1Module 2: Hydrological, Fluvial, Coastal andLimestone Environments2.Fluvial Processes and Landforms (cont’d) 3(vi) Weathering and its influence on river basins -------------3. Coastal Processes and Landforms 6(i) Major flows (for example, long-shore drift) andprocesses(for example, marine erosion and deposition)

149-50,153

operating in coastal environments(ii) The influence of the processes of erosion,transportation and deposition on the development ofrelated landforms

151-57

(iii)Formation of coral reefs(including theories) ---------------(iv)The effects of fluvial depositional processes on coastalregions

158[very little]

(v)The influence of geological factors (rock type andstructure) on the shape of coastlines

149,167 [verylittle]

(vi)A study of the processes at work on a particular stretchof coastline in the Caribbean

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(vii) drawing and labelling field sketches of coastal features -----------(viii) The use of topographic maps and aerial photographsto identify coastal features

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4. Processes and Landforms in Limestone Regions 2,8(i) Concepts associated with limestone topography 8 196-200(ii) Characteristics of limestone as a rock 8 196(iii) Chemical weathering processes and limestone 2 43(iv) Development of limestone features in Jamaica andPuerto Rico including changes over time

---------------

(v) The use of topographic maps in identifying landformsand land use in limestone areas

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Module 3: Natural Events and Hazards1. Natural Events and Hazards(i) Concept of a natural event and a hazard 1 31(ii) Types of hazards – technological, climatic andgeomorphological

31

2. Flooding 3(i) Types of precipitation events 62(ii) Influence of man 62-63(iii) Sea level changes 63[very little]


Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 1Module 3: Natural Events and Hazards2. Flooding (cont’d) 3(iv) Drainage basin characteristics 62(v) Positive and negative impacts 87-973. Plate Tectonics 1(i) Continental drift and plate tectonics 12-13(ii) The formation of plates, global distribution and thedirection of movements of plates

14-15

(iii) Processes operating at different margins 154. Plate Movements as Natural Events 1

(i) Nature of earthquakes including faulting 9-11(ii) Formation of island arcs and origin of fold mountains 17-20 [very little](iii) Distribution of and characteristics of volcanic landforms 11,24-30(iv) Characteristics of volcanic landscapes in a Caribbeanisland

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(v) Positive impact of volcanic and earthquake activity 30(vi) Value of folded and faulted landscapes -----------5. Volcanoes and Earthquakes as Hazards(i)Negative impacts of volcanic and earthquake activity 9, 18, 30, 33-36(ii) Case studies of the negative impacts of earthquakesoccurring in developed and developing countries

11,16[developed only]

6. Response to Hazards 1(i) Current capabilities in predicting earthquake, floodingand volcanic activity

1 35-36[not flooding]

(ii) Individual and collective responses to volcanic hazardsbefore the occurrence and after the occurrence

1 32,35 [very little]

(iii) Differences in the individual and collective responsesto earthquake hazards

1 35 [very little]

(iv) Government responses to hazards – earthquakes,floods and volcanoes

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Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 2Module 1: Climate, Vegetation and Soils1. Atmosphere and Weather Systems 9(i) Global heat budget 208-212(ii) Global surface and upper wind circulation 224-228(iii)Global patterns of vertical and horizontal temperatureand pressure variations

Integrated inprevious topic

(iv) Atmospheric humidity 213-215(v) Condensation and precipitation 215, 219-223(vi) Lapse rates 216(vii) Weather conditions resulting from atmosphericstability and instability

216-217

(viii) Development of high and low pressure systems:anticyclones, depressions, hurricanes, Inter TropicalConvergence Zone (ITCZ)

9, 12 229-238226-227, 316,323

(ix) Weather conditions associated with the weathersystems

Integrated inprevious topic

(x) Synoptic charts 230-234, 237,244-245

(xi) The impacts of hurricanes on the physical and humanenvironment

235-237

(xii) Hurricane mitigation strategies 237 (little;only short term)

(xiii) The concept of microclimates 242 (little)(xiv) Urban, rural and mountain microclimates Urban,

Rural, mountainmicroclimates

242-243243

(xv) The formation of local winds and fogs in mountainsand valleys

240-241 (little)221-222


Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 2Module 1: Climate, Vegetation and Soils2. Vegetation Types 12, 16, 11(i) The distribution and characteristics of tropicalrainforest, tropical grasslands, temperate grasslands andnorthern coniferous forests

tropicalrainforest,tropicalgrasslands,temperategrasslands,northernconiferousforests

316-318

319-321

325-328

330-323

(ii) The relationship between vegetation types, climatesand human factors

Incorporated inprevious section

(iii) The opportunities and problems associated with thedevelopment of tropical rainforests

Amazon case 347-348 (little)480

(iv)Variations in vegetation in response to differences inrock type, altitude, slope angle and drainage in a localarea

Krakatoa case304-305289

(v) Vegetation studies using quadrats and transects3. Soil Formation and Soil Conservation 10, 11, 7(i) The interrelationships among parent material, climate,vegetation, topography, human activity and time on soilformation

parent material,climate,vegetation,topography,human activity,time

260261261261----262

(ii) The nature and properties of soil: soil profile, texture,structure, organic matter content, water, air

Soil profileTextureStructureOrganic matterSoil moistureAir

263-264264-265265-266266-267267268

(iii) The formation of the soil types that develop undertropical rainforest and temperate grasslands

Soil formationRainforestGrasslands

260-262, 271-272,318327-328

(iv) Soil variations within a local area 274-276

(v) The study of soil horizons in the field 262-263270

(vi)Erosion and methods of soil conservation 279-283,191-192


Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 2Module 2: Economic Activity1. Agriculture 19, 16(i) The characteristics of primary, secondary, tertiary andquaternary economic activities

552

(ii) The environmental, economic, cultural and politicalfactors which influence farming in the Caribbean and theEuropean Union ( for example transnational trading blocs,government policies)

environmental,economic,cultural andpolitical factors

462-465469466-469492-498506-510

(iii) Traditional and non-traditional agriculture in theCaribbean

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(iv) Recent trends in agriculture in the European Union 492-498506-509

(v) Von Thunen’s model of rural land use and it’sapplicability at both the local and international scales

471-475

(vi)Graphs to show net profit curves and to calculatelocational rents based on Von Thunen’s model

472-473

(vii) The effects of agriculture on the physical environmentin MDCs and LDCs

China case 468-470480, 510

2. Industry(i) Traditional and modern factors (including newtechnologies, globalization) affecting the location ofindustries

553-556

(ii) the relevance of Weber’s and Smith’s models ofindustrial location

557-562

(iii)The factors responsible for the development of a majorindustrial region in an MDC

Case studies 562-572

(iv)Economic and social characteristics of informal sectors 574-576(v)The role of the following factors in producing changeswithin a major industrial region in an MDC: changes in theorganisation of the industry; transport; technologicaldevelopment; transnational organizations; foreigninvestment and raw material.

Case studies 562-572

(vi) The challenges of industrial development in theCaribbean Region

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Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 2Module 2: Economic Activity3. Tourism 20 586-601(i) Tourist arrivals in selected MDCs and LDCs over thelast 40yrs

587-588

(ii) The social and economic factors accounting for thegrowth in tourist arrivals globally

589, 601(little)

(iii) The factors influencing the location of island andmainland tourism

------

(iv) The pattern of arrival of tourists and the organization ofthe tourist trade in island and mainland tourism

594

(v) The development of package tours and all inclusivepackages and the conflicts arising within the tourism sector

596(little)

(vi) The role of Caribbean –owned hotel chainentrepreneurs in the tourist industry and their effect on theindustry within the region

------------

(vii) The effects of tourism on the socio-economic, culturaland physical environment (including conflict over land use)of a Caribbean country

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Module 3: Development and Disparity in the CaribbeanRegion1. The Concept of Regions in Regional DevelopmentPlanning(i) The concept of a region --------(ii) The different types of regions --------(iii) The need for regional planning --------(iv) Different levels of planning – regional and national --------2. The Role of History in the Spatial DevelopmentProcess(i) Social, economic and political dimensions of colonialism ------------(ii) The relationship between colonialism and developmentin the Caribbean

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(iii) Post-colonial development strategies in the Caribbean– education, industrialization, nationalization, tradepolicies, shelter strategies and improved infrastructure

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Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 2Module 3: Development and Disparity in the CaribbeanRegion3. Models of Development 22(i) Plantation model, dependency theory, core-peripherymodel, cumulative causation model, Rostow’s model andFriedman’s model

Plantationmodel,dependencytheory, core-

peripherymodel,cumulativecausationmodel, Rostow’smodel,Friedman’smodel

640-641

638-639

----------(ii) Factors providing opportunities or limitations in thedevelopment of the Caribbean region:

(a) physical environment;(b) socio-economic and cultural conditions;(c) political organization;(d) demographic condition.

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4. Disparities in Caribbean Development 22(i) The different methods of measuring development 631-633(ii) The concept of regional disparities 630-632(iii) The causes and consequences of regional disparitiesin development

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(iv) The collection of data on selected indices onCaribbean countries in respect to:

(a) Unemployment levels;(b) Per capita income;(c) Purchasing power;(d) Educational environment;(e) Doctor: patient ratios;(f) Life expectancy;(g) Dependency ratios;(h) Fertility rate;(i) Percentage literacy;(j) Mortality rate;(k) Nutritional status.

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Topic Areas Chapter/s Page Number/sUNIT 2Module 3: Development and Disparity in the CaribbeanRegion4. Disparities in Caribbean Development (cont’d)(v) The representation of the data collected in the form oftables, charts, graphs and maps

Scattergramtables, charts,graphs andmaps

635used but notexplained in text

(vi) Analysis of disparities from the data collected Spearman’sRankCorrelation

636-637637-638

Chi-squared5. Regional Development PoliciesPolicies and programmes to combat regional disparities Overseas aid 642-644

Cape Geography Syllabus

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