Canopy Temperature: A potential trait in selection for drought tolerance in grain sorghum
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Canopy Temperature: A potential trait in selection for drought tolerance in grain sorghum
Raymond N. Mutava, Prasad P.V. Vara, Zhanguo Xin
SICNA Meeting, Lubbock Texas August 28 – 30, 2013
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Sorghum genetic resource and current utilization
http://www.icrisat.org/crop-sorghum-genebank.htm
The genetic pool used in sorghum breeding is very small
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Breeding for drought tolerance
Some important traits in sorghum breeding Goal: Increased yield Improved tolerance to environmental
stresses – drought and heatKey trait in drought tolerance: Staygreen - post-flowering drought
stressBUT not tolerance to:
Pre-flowering drought stress Heat stress
There is need to screen germplasm for other traits for improved drought tolerance
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The sorghum diversity panel
300 lines with diverse background representative of sorghum genotypes from all over the world
Identify physiological traits associated with pre- and post flowering drought tolerance
Grown in multi-locations in multiple years in Kansas Data was collected in several traits (phenology, growth,
Physiological, yield
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Leaf/canopy temperature
Mutava et al., 2011 (Field Crops Research)
There were genotypes that recorded: High leaf/canopy temperature with high and also low yields Low leaf /canopy temperature with high and also low yields
Thermal camera
IR sensors
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Drought coping mechanisms in sorghum
High transpirational
cooling
Cooler canopies
Drought escape
mechanism
Low transpirational
cooling
Warmer canopies
Drought tolerance
mechanism
These two mechanisms seemed to exist among sorghum genotypes Drought tolerance through conservative water use (slow wilting trait)
Modified from Mutava et al., 2011
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Leaf area and regression results for 17 genotypes that were found to fit the two-segment regression model
Genotype Leaf Area Breakpoint Slope1 Slope2 R2
With a breakpoint SC982 295[20.6] 1.62(0.23) 50.0(12.6) 6.3(4.8) 0.79 SC1074 280[17.7] 1.99(0.17) 45.8(9.5) 1.0(4.1) 0.84 BTX623 265[10.0] 2.05(0.18) 56.3(10.7) 10.4(5.2) 0.90 SC979 290[14.4] 2.06(0.18) 47.7(7.8) 0.0(6.5) 0.84 BTX2752 288[13.0] 2.08(0.20) 52.0(9.0) 11(6.7) 0.89 SC1019 261[13.7] 2.08(0.25) 43.8(8.1) 1.3(10.1) 0.81 SC630 277[15.2] 2.16(0.31) 40.1(9.7) -1.5(8.2) 0.74 SC599 286[15.1] 2.23(0.27) 35.5(7.0) 3.4(8.4) 0.80 SC1047 258[14.8] 2.24(0.23) 32.2(5.6) 1.1(6.5) 0.84 SC803 267[12.8] 2.29(0.19) 39.8(6.5) -6.1(6.8) 0.84 BTX3197 280[13.2] 2.29(0.29) 38.8(6.5) 3.2(9.2) 0.85 SN149 294[17.4] 2.30(0.19) 38.2(5.2) -1.8(8.8) 0.87 Macia 270[12.6] 2.51(0.27) 35.7(3.8) 4.0(12.4) 0.91 BTX378 268[16.0] 2.55(0.39) 30.2(3.3) 11.3(11.0) 0.91 B35 265[22.2] 2.61(0.18) 40.3(6.8) 2.4(7.7) 0.88 TX3042 278[13.8] 2.69(0.23) 33.5(4.6) -0.5(11.4) 0.89 TX7078 300[17.4] 2.72(0.23) 37.7(6.0) 1.4(10.2) 0.88With no breakpoint DK28 311(14.7) 28.6(2.5) 0.89 BTXARG-1 277(22.4) 27.5(2.4) 0.90 SC1345 308(14.3) 27.5(3.0) 0.84 Hegari 280(14.9) 26.3(2.8) 0.84 DK54 300(20.4) 25.4(2.9) 0.83 RTX430 289(19.7) 25.4(2.8) 0.87 SC489 298(15.6) 24.8(2.8) 0.83 SC532 283(13.9) 23.9(2.8) 0.81 SC299 283(14.1) 23.1(2.3) 0.86
Gholipoor et al., 2010 (Field Crops Research)
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Transpiration rate response to Vapor pressure deficit
No BP and low rate of increase in TR with VPD (Red line)• Consistently dry environmental conditions. • Restricted carbon assimilation • Slow growing and probably low yielding even under
well-watered conditions.
Sorghum genotypes could be selected to pursue soil water conservation as a way to improve yields under water-deficit conditions.
BP selection could therefore be matched with the likelihood of water-deficit conditions
• A low BP = greatest water conservation when soil water is still available
• High BP = less-restrictive water conservation.
High initial slope and a low BP, e.g. SC982• Offer a better approach to developing drought
tolerance.• Maximize gas exchange under low VPD and then
shift to water conservation at high VPD.
Gholipoor et al. 2010 (Field crops Research
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Canopy temperature monitoring using IR
Time of Day
12 a
m
1 am
2 am
3 am
4 am
5 am
6 am
7 am
8 am
9 am
10 a
m
11 a
m
12 p
m
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
8 pm
9 pm
10 p
m
11 p
m
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
0
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
AirTemp 84G62 B.Tx2752 B.Tx399 B.Tx615 DK28E DK54-00 Hegari Liang PI584085 R.Tx436 SA5330 SC1019 SC1124 SC224 SC60 SC663 SC701 SC720 TX7078
IR sensors detected variation in canopy temperature among genotypes between 2:00 and 6:00 PM
Genotypes SC1019, SA5330, and SC701 recorded high canopy temperature while Hegari, pioneer hybrid 84G62, SC663 and SC1124 had low canopy temperature consistently between 2:00 and 6:00 PM
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Canopy temperature and yield
CTD was positively correlated to yield, harvest index and CWSI while canopy temperature was positively correlated to CWSI
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Variation in biomass and TE
There was significant genotypic variation in biomass produced and TE
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Genotype ranking based on TETotal
Genotypes SC1019, SC720, SC1047, SC1074 and SC979 had high TE
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Collaborators
J. YuIowa State University
Sorghum Genetics
T. TessoKansas State University
Sorghum Breeder
T.R. SinclairNorth Carolina State University
Crop Physiologist
Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission
Zhanguo XinPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX
NCSUManoochehr Gholipoor
Sunita Choudhary
Kansas State UniversityCrop physiology Lab members
Maduraimuthu DjanaguiramanGeorge Mahama
George PaulSruthi Narayanan
Subramanian Satheesh Kumar