CANNABIS: BEYOND THE PLANT OVERVIEW · 2019-06-04 · Clofentezine 1.3 0.1 0.04 Cypermethrin 1.0...

OVERVIEW

CANNABIS:BEYOND THE PLANT

Find out more aboutthis class and

many others at,

ElevatedResearchSolutions.com

Cannabis: Beyond the Plant Sept 2017

Cannabis: Beyond the Plant- The Plant & the Human

Make up & Overview

- Cannabinoids What are cannabinoids What is tested for Cannabinoid impact of the body What is Decarboxylation.

- Laboratory Testing Review Importance of testing Test Types Equipment needed for different test

types

- Testing for maximized production THC maximization CBD maximization Harvest maximization Accuracy for edibles

- Is home testing possible or practical Equipment possibilities Cost Expendable items Teaming with other farms What is pre-testing?

Cannabis: Beyond the Sept 2017

Cannabis: Beyond the Plant

The PlantMake up & Overview

The HumanCB1 & CB2 receptors

Quick Discussion:


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantTrichomeA blanket of crystal resin on a cannabis bud. This resin (or “kief” when dry) is secreted through translucent, mushroom-shaped glands on the leaves, stems, and calyxes. Trichomes were originally developed to protect the plant against predators and the elements. These clear bulbous globes ooze aromatic oils called terpenes as well as therapeutic cannabinoids like THC and CBD. The basis of hash production depends on these trichomes and their potent sugar-like resin.


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantWhat do cb1 and cb2 receptors do?The two types of cannabinoid receptors are called CB1 and CB2. Both are found throughout the body, but are most common in the brain and immune system. When cannabinoids activate CB1 or CB2 receptors, they change the way the body functions. CB1 receptors are responsible for marijuana's psychoactive effects.

https://selfhacked.com/blog/the-lectin-sensitive-gene-cannabanoid-receptor-1-genes-cnr1-rs1049353/



Cannabinoids (ca-nab’-a-noids or can’-a-bin-oids)

What are cannabinoids

What is tested for… THC/A,CBD/A,CBC,CBN,CBG

What is Decarboxylation.

Cannabinoid impact of the body


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantPotency / Cannabinoid analysis

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) primary psychoactive

component of the Cannabis plant (Delta-8 & Delta-9)

THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinol Acid)

CBD (Cannabidiol)

CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)

CBN (Cannabinol)

CBG (Cannabigerol)

CBC (Cannabichromene)

Statement from Wikipedia: “The primary effects of cannabis are caused by the chemical compounds in the plant, including cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is only one of more than 100 different cannabinoids present in the plant. Cannabis has various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.

CBL (Cannabicyclol)

CBV (Cannabivarin)

THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)

CBDV (Cannabidivarin)

CBCV (Cannabichromevarin)

CBGV (Cannabigerovarin)

CBGM (Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether)

CBE (Cannabielsoin)

CBT (Cannabicitran)


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantWhat is Decarboxylation?

THC-A THC

decarboxylation is a chemical reaction where the COOH carboxyl group of

atoms are removed from the cannabis, exiting in the form of H2O and CO2, (water and carbon dioxide). ... When

this occurs, the CO2 is removed from the acids, turning them into cannabinoids.



- Laboratory Testing Review• Importance of testing

• Test types used

• Equipment needed for different test types



Importance of testing• What are our testing possibilities?

Potency / Cannabinoid analysis

Terpenes

Pesticides

Microbial

Residual Solvents

Laboratory Testing Review (2 hours)

Heavy Metals

Moisture content

Foreign matter inspection

Microbial screening

Mycotoxin screening

https://www.leafly.com/news/industry/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantTerpene Compounds

b-Myrcene (musky)NerolNerolidol Ocimene a-Bisbolol (floral)FarnaseneValencene d3-Carene (pine / earthy)d-Limonene (citrus)g-Terpinenea-Pinene (pine)Sabineneb-Pinene (pine)Camphene (herbal)Eucalyptol (spicy, eucalyptol)Fenchone

Fenchol Camphor Borneol (earthy)PulegoneCedrol b-Caryophyllene (hoppy)ElemenePhellandrene Isopulegol Linalool (floral)a-Caryophyllene (hoppy)Guaiol Bergamotene Terpineol (pine, clove)Terpinolene a-Terpinene


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantTerpene Compounds


Cannabis: Beyond the Plant Importance of testing (Proposed CA Regs)

• What happens if testing fails: Proposed subsection specifies that the sampler must record the batch or lot

number of the matrix for which samples were obtained. It is necessary to know later whether the batch passed and may be sold, or failed and may not be sold unless remediated or destroyed.

Proposed subsection (c) proposes that if the sample fails pesticide testing, the batch fails laboratory testing. This is because the DPR believes these chemicals should not be present in medical cannabis goods. Further, the bureau proposes that if the batch fails pesticide testing, it may not be remediated. This is because remediation of these chemicals is not possible.


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantOR - Pesticides Listed With the Maximum Allowable Limit (2018 CA)

Compound Detected Limit(PPM)

Abamectin .500 (.020)

Azoxystrobin .200 (.010)

Bifenazate .200

Bifenthrin .200 (.010)

Boscalid .400 (.010)

Carbaryl .200 (.010)

Dichlorvos 1.000

Etoxazole .200

Fenoxycarb .200 (.010)

Imazalil .200

Compound Detected Limit(PPM)

Imidacloprid .400 (.020)

Malathion .200 (.010)

Metalaxyl .200 (.010)

Myclobutanil .200 (.020)

Paclobutrazol .400 (.010)

Permethrin .200

Spiromesifen .200

Spirotetramat .200

Tebuconazole .400 (.010)

Trifloxystrobin .200



Acequinocyl 0.27 0.1 0.02

Bifenazate 1.0 0.1 0.1

Captan 1.0 0.7 0.05

Clofentezine 1.3 0.1 0.04

Cypermethrin 1.0 1.0 0.5

Etoxazole 0.46 0.1 0.05

Fenhexamid 1.7 0.1 0.08

Fenpyroximate 0.5 0.1 0.1

Flonicamid 0.4 0.1 0.1

Proposed 2018 CA - Pesticides Listed With the Maximum Allowable Limit for Each of the Three Types of Consumption (ppm)

Hexythiazox 0.25 0.1 0.1

Kresoxim-methyl 3.6 0.1 0.02

Oxamyl 0.026 0.5 0.2

Pentachloronitrobenzene 0.03 0.1 0.1

Permethrin 2.5 0.5 0.02

Phosmet 0.12 0.1 0.02

Piperonyl butoxide 63.0 3.0 3.0

Prallethrin 0.5 0.1 0.02

Pyrethrins 0.7 0.5 0.5

Edible Flower Processed Edible Flower Processed


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantProposed 2018 CA - Pesticides Listed With the Maximum Allowable Limit for Each of the Three Types of Consumption (ppm)

Edible Flower Processed

Pyridaben 4.4 0.1 0.02

Spinetoram 0.5 0.1 0.04

Spinosad 0.29 0.1 0.02

Spiromesifen 20.0 0.1 0.1

Spirotetramat 10.0 0.1 0.1

Trifloxystrobin 25.0 0.1 0.02


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantResidual Solvents

What are solvents?

Solvents are liquids or gases that can dissolve or extract other substances. They are used to dissolve grease, oil, and paint; to thin or mix pigments, paint, glue, pesticides, and epoxy resins; to clean electronics, automotive parts, tools, and engines; and to make other chemicals.

How can solvents affect my health?Prolonged exposure to solvents can cause blindness, irregular heartbeat, and damage to the kidneys, liver, lungs, and central nervous system.

Some solvents are listed as human carcinogens or "reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens" by the National Toxicology Program and can cause cancer. Benzene and trichloroethylene are human carcinogens. Solvents anticipated to be human carcinogens include carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,4-dioxane, perchloroethylene, and styrene.



Acetone 5000

Benzene 2

Chloroform 400

Ethanol 5000

Heptane 5000

Hexane 290

Isobutane 5000

Isopentane 5000

Isopropanol 5000

Methanol 3000

nButane 5000

Pentane 5000

Propane 400

Toulene 890

Compound Limits* (ppb)

*Pesticide and Residual Solvent Limits based upon Oregon State Public Health Medical Marijuana Program Document Rules. Microbial Reporting limits based on American Herbal Pharmacopeia and City of Berkeley guidelines.



*Pesticide and Residual Solvent Limits based upon Oregon State Public Health Medical Marijuana Program Document Rules. Microbial Reporting limits based on American Herbal Pharmacopeia and City of Berkeley guidelines.

What will 2018 look like in CA?

Bureau of Marijuana Control, Testing Laboratories Proposed Text Page 21 of 46Chemical Name

Action Level for Medical Cannabis Goods Meant for Inhalation (ppm)

Action Level for All Other Medical Cannabis–Infused Goods (ppm)

1,2-Dichloroethane 2 5Acetone 750 5000Acetonitrile 60 410Benzene 1 2Butane 800 5000Chloroform 2 60Ethanol 1000 5000Ethyl acetate 400 5000Ethyl ether 500 5000Ethylene oxide 5 50Heptane 500 5000Hexane 50 290Isopropyl alcohol 500 5000Methanol 250 3000Methylene chloride 125 600Naphtha 400 400Pentane 750 5000Petroleum ether 400 400Propane 2100 5000Trichloroethylene 25 80Toluene 150 890

Total xylenes (ortho-, meta-, para-) 150 2170


Cannabis: Beyond the PlantMetal Target Organs Primary Sources Clinical effects Arsenic Pulmonary Nervous

System, Skin Industrial Dusts, Medicinal Uses Of Polluted Water

Perforation of Nasal Septum, Respiratory Cancer, Peripheral Neuropathy: Dermatomes, Skin, Cancer

Cadmium Renal, Skeletal Pulmonary

Industrial Dust And Fumes And Polluted Water And Food

Proteinuria, Glucosuria, Osteomalacia, Aminoaciduria, Emphysemia

Chromium Pulmonary Industrial Dust And Fumes And Polluted Foo

Ulcer, Perforation of Nasal Septum, Respiratory Cancer

Manganese Nervous Syste Industrial Dust And Fumes Central And Peripheral Neuropathies

Lead Nervous System, Hematopoietic System, Renal

Industrial Dust And Fumes And Polluted Food

Encephalopathy, Peripheral Neuropathy, Central Nervous Disorders, Anemia.

Nickel Pulmonary, Skin Industrial Dust, Aerosols Cancer, Dramatis

Tin Nervous , Pulmonary System Cancer, Dramatis

Medicinal Uses, Industrial Dusts Central Nervous System Disorders, Visual Defects And EEG Changes, Pneumoconiosis

Mercury Nervous System, Renal Industrial Dust And Fumes And Polluted Water And Food

Proteinuria

Heavy Metals

Cannabis: Beyond the Plant Sept 2017


Moisture. Is it good or bad?

The Good:• Moisture is needed form the metabolic processes essential to curing• Moisture aides is smell and flavor• Moisture is related to freshness

The Bad:• Excessive moisture will enhance mold and bacteria growth• Excessive moisture will lower your cannabinoid measurements in testing

Moisture Content (Rollitup.org)



Moisture is essential for the curing process, it is both your friend and enemy. If too much moisture is left in the buds, without the regular mixing, venting and turning of buds involved with curing, molds and bacteria can quickly form and ruin the taste and potency of your stash. On the other hand, without the necessary moisture metabolic processes essential to curing do not take place.

Fresh cannabis plants are around 80% water (by weight); curing generally begins after the cannabis has lost half of its initial mass, and contains approximately 33% of its initial water

Once curing is complete and the pot is dry, it should still contain 10-15% moisture, approximately 2-4% of its initial water. This is an ideal because most bacteria and molds can not grow below 15% water content, and below 10% cannabis buds tend to powder.

5% to 13% is proposed as an acceptable and health-protective level. (BMCR CA Proposal)

Moisture Content (Rollitup.org)



Foreign matter inspection (BMCR CA Proposal)

• Because there is a lack of studies about filth and foreign material in medical cannabis, it was

necessary to reference the US Food and Drug Administration’s Defect Levels Handbook—The

Food Defect Action Levels

Rodent filth Average of 4 or more rodent hairs per 100 grams of apple butter

Insects Average of 5 or more whole or equivalent insects (not counting mites, aphids, thrips, or scale insects) per 100 grams of apple butter

Mammalian excreta Average of 1 mg or more mammalian excreta per pound after processing

It is proposed that a failed harvest batch may be returned for remediation but that manufactured cannabis batches that fail must be destroyed. Failed harvest batches may be remediated through various means but manufactured batches cannot. Filth cannot be removed from manufactured batches.



Microbial Screening (American Herbal Pharmacopoeia)

Salmonella 0 CFU

Pseudomonas 1,000 CFU

Yeast & Mold 10,000 CFU

Escherichia coli 0 CFU

Coliform 1,000 CFU

Aerobic 100,000 CFU



• Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by certain fungal organisms that can grow

on human food and animal feed.

• Human exposure to mycotoxins includes ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact.

• The most widely recognized risk comes from Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A.

Mycotoxin screening (BMCR CA Proposal)



Let’s Test• Potency – HP-TLC , HPLC, GC

Advantages of HPLC over GC

• Pesticides – HPLC MS/MS, GC MS

• Solvents – GC MS

• Terpenes – GC MS

• Microbial – Petridish, Petrifilm, Rapid Dry



Let’s Test

• Potency using HP-TLC

• https://american-safe-access.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/AHP_Cannabis_Monograph_Preview.pdf



- Testing for maximized production THC maximization

CBD maximization

Harvest maximization

Accuracy for edibles



- Testing for maximized production Accuracy for edibles

How are edibles made?

Tincture

Chocolates

Baked Goods



- Is home testing possible or practicalEquipment possibilitiesCostExpendable itemsTeaming with other farmsWhat is pre-testing?


Cannabis: Beyond the Plant- Is home testing possible or practical

Equipment possibilities

HPLC LC MS/MS GC MS/MSCOST est. $20k - $35k $125k -$500k $35k-$100k

PotencyPesticideResidual SolventsTerpenesMicrobialHeavy Metals


Cannabis: Beyond the Plant- Is home testing possible or practical

Equipment possibilities

AB Sciex API 4000 Mass Spectrometer LCMS/MSApplied Biosystems/ABI MDS AB Sciex API 4000Refurbished•$89,000.00

AB Sciex4500MD LC/MS/MSRefurbishe$197,400.00d

CANNABIS: BEYOND THE PLANT OVERVIEW · 2019-06-04 · Clofentezine 1.3 0.1 0.04 Cypermethrin 1.0...

Documents

Transcript of CANNABIS: BEYOND THE PLANT OVERVIEW · 2019-06-04 · Clofentezine 1.3 0.1 0.04 Cypermethrin 1.0...