NATIONAL CANCER AWARENESS DAY

7TH NOVEMBER 2014

•Cancer is currently the cause of 12% of all deaths

•It is increasing•Potential causes:

• Increasing elderly population•Decrease in deaths from communicable diseases

• Increasing incidence in certain cancers like lung cancer, breast cancer

Impact of cancer

Diagnosis of cancer is perceived by many as “Life- threatening”

1/3 rd face anxiety and depressionFamily’s daily functioning is affectedLoss of income/ expenses

National Cancer Control Program (NCCP)•Initiated in 1984•Four major goals

•Primary prevention of tobacco related cancers•Early detection of cancers of accessible sites•Augmentation of treatment facilities•Establishment of palliative care network

4th February is observed as World Cancer awareness day

7th November is observed as National Cancer Awareness Day

T

• Worked in both Physics and Chemistry• Conducted pioneering research on theory of radioactivity (a term that

she coined), • Techniques for isolating radioactive

isotopes, • The discovery of two elements,

polonium and radium• Curie died in 1934 at the sanatorium

of Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, due to aplastic anemia brought on by exposure to radiation

.

•First woman to win the Nobel Prize

•First person and the only woman to win it twice in

•Different sciences•Part of Curie family legacy of 5 Nobel prizes

•1903 – Shared the Nobel prize with

Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for Physics•1911 – Won the Nobel prize in Chemistry

•1936 - Irene & Joliet won the Nobel prize in Chemistry

•Under her direction the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes.

•She also defined an international standard for radioactive emissions that was eventually named for her and Pierre: the “curie”

•She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centers of medical research today.

World War ICurie in a mobile

X-ray vehicle

• During World War I, Curie saw a need for field radiological centers near the front lines to assist doctors in the battlefield

• She developed mobile radiography units, which came to be popularly known as “Petites Curies” ("Little Curies").

• She became the director of the Red Cross Radiology Service and set up France's first military radiology center, operational by late 1914

• Curie directed the installation of 20 mobile radiological vehicles and another 200 radiological units at field hospitals in the first year of the war

GLOBAL PROBLEM OF CANCER

Incidence Mortality

Total Cancer

12 Million 7.6 Million

Developed Countries

5.4 Million 2.9 Million

Developing Countries

6.7 Million 4.7 Million

CANCER SCENARIO IN INDIA

• There are 2-2.5 million cases of Cancer Prevalent in India at any point in time.• 9-10 lac cancers are detected each year in India. • Cancer is the cause of death annually in about 6.8 lacs.• Cancers are the 2nd leading cause of death in India. • This is likely to double by 2015 and triple by 2030.

More than 2/3rd (70%) cancer burden is related to life style factors, hence

preventable.

More than 1/3rd cancers (2 out of every 5) are tobacco related and

others due to faulty diet habits and social habits.

The unhealthy life style that increases risk of cancers is

• Tobacco consumption (cigarette smoking, Hukka smoking, chewing tobacco etc.)

• Increased consumption of animal fats & oils, • Refined foods, spicy and hot foods, hot boiling tea, • Sundried vegetables and smoked fish, • Sedentary life style, obesity, • Alcohol consumption, or • Un-necessary exposure to X-ray or toxic chemicals and • Some specific infections (Hepatitis-B, Human papilloma virus).

5 most frequent cancers Male Female Both sexes

Oral cavity Breast Breast

Lung Cervix uteri Cervix uteri

Stomach Colorectum Oral cavity

Colorectum Ovary Lung

Other pharynx Lip, oral cavity Colorectum

COMMON CANCERS : GLOBAL

* Related to Infection

All the three common cancers above ( both developed & developing) are also leading causes of cancer death.15 % of all cancers – infection related ( 3 times more in developing countries)

GLOBOCAN - 2012

Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates : MEN(Adults)

MEN- Adults (source : IARC-GLOBOCAN-2012)

(source : GLOBOCAN-2012)

Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates: Women(Adults)

Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates: (Both sexes)

Summary statistics (2012)-INDIA

Male Female Both sexes

Population (thousands) 649474 608876 1258350

Number of new cancer cases (thousands) 477.5 537.5

1014.9

Age-Standardized Rate (W) 92.4 97.4 94.0

Number of cancer deaths (thousands) 356.7 326.1 682.8

Age-standardized rate (W) 69.7 60.2

64.5

Risk of getting cancer before age 75 (%) 10.2 10.1

10.1

Risk of dying from cancer [before age 75 (%)] 7.8 6.5

7.1

Factors believed to be the causes of cancer Tobacco Infection Diet and exercise Radiation Heredity Chemicals Physical agents Trauma and inflammation Hormones Unknown causes

CANCER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INCREASING

Deaths from infectious diseases Childhood mortality Longevity Adoption of Western Life style

– Cigarette Smoking– Higher consumption of saturated fat – Consumption of Calorie dense foods – Physical activity

Survival rates poorer in developing countries (lack of availability of early detection and treatment services)

TREND

• Cancer of Breast is showing significantly rising trend among urban women and Cervical cancer incidence is gradually declining

• Tobacco Related Cancers Constitute half of all cancers in males and one-third in females, i.e. Overall about 35-40 percent of cancers are related to the use of tobacco• Over 75 percent of the cases report for diagnostic and

treatment services in advanced stages of the disease resulting in poor survival and high mortality rates

AGE – ADJUSTED INCIDENCE RATES OF CANCER PER 100,000: 2010

Registry Males Females

Bangalore 95.2 120.2

Bhopal 93.5 95.4

Chennai 109.4 119.0

Delhi 119.7 114.7

Mumbai 96.6 104.6

Barshi* 45.3 59.9

* Rural based cancer Registry

CANCER PREVENTION2/3 of all cancers may be prevented by• Avoiding tobacco• Avoiding/limiting alcohol Consumption• Eating adequate fruits and vegetables daily• Choosing healthy food • Eating a low fat diet• Regular exercising• Maintaining healthy weight throughout life• Knowing family history of cancer• Limiting exposure sun/radiation

Screening for cancer • Early detection provides the best opportunity for successful

treatment• Reliable screening tests are available for certain cancers Ex: Cervix – PAP smear Breast – Mammography, BSE• Screening for oral cavity premalignant lesions/cancer• Screening for Prostate cancer• HPV vaccine (Bivalent/Quadrivalent)• Treat/Eradicate H.pylori infection

Thank you

Healthy life choices Early Detection Treatment for ALL Quality of LifeIT’S NOT BEYOND US