A systematic review of adherence in Indigenous Australians ...
Cancer and Indigenous Australians
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Transcript of Cancer and Indigenous Australians
![Page 1: Cancer and Indigenous Australians](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/5681345e550346895d9b4275/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Patient and Clinician Perceptions of The Feasibility and Utility of Routine
Unmet Needs Screening for Indigenous Australians with Cancer.
G.Garvey, B. Thewes, V. He, E. Davies, A. Girgis, P. Valery, K. Giam, A. Hocking, J. Jackson, V. Jones, D.
Yip and the SCNAT-IP Implementation Group.
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Cancer and Indigenous Australians
• Higher cancer incidence amongst Indigenous Australians
• Diagnosed at later stages
• More poor prognosis cancers (eg. Lung, Unknown Primary)
• Less likely to receive optimal treatment
• Higher rates of comorbidity
• Up to 45% worse mortalityRef: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia: an overview. Canberra, Australia.: AIHW, 2013.
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Cancer and Indigenous Australians
Cancer Outcome Disparities
Health system
Patient
Socio-cultural
SUPPORTIVE CARE
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Tools to assess unmet support needs
• Existing tools do not capture the culturally-specific needs of Indigenous people
• Garvey et al, (2012) suitability of the SCNS-SF34 for Indigenous people with cancer.– Not suited for people with low literacy– Wording culturally inappropriate (eg. Feelings about
death and dying)– Redundant (eg. Choice about which specialist you
see)– Some needs not covered (eg. Having an Indigenous
person to talk to)
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Development of the SCNAT-IP
Supportive Care Needs Assessment Tool
for-Indigenous People (SCNAT-IP)
• 27 items • Verbally-administered adaptation of
SCNS-SF34• Every item changed (re-worded or
deleted)• Developed by Indigenous focus groups
and key informant interviews
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Psychometrics
Initial validation study 248 Indigenous cancer patients in QLD
• Good psychometric properties– Construct validity
– Internal consistency (α =0.70 - 0.89)
– Convergent and divergent validity (DT r=0.60; AQOL-4D r= -0.56)
• HOWEVER, no prior use in clinical settings
Ref Garvey G, Beesley VL, Janda M, O'Rourke P, Green AC, Valery PC. The supportive care needs assessment tool for Indigenous people (SCNAT-IP) with cancer: psychometric properties.(Submitted, JCO)
:
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Methods
Aim
Explore staff and patient perspectives on feasibility and utility of the SCNAT-IP in routine care.
Participants
a) Indigenous Cancer Patients
b) Oncology health professionals
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Methods
Patient Eligibility Criteria• Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin; • Diagnosed in the past 5 years • Malignant cancer at any disease stage; • About to receive, in active treatment or follow-up
care;• Aged 18 years and over; • Physically and mentally willing and able to
participate; and• Sufficient English fluency to understand verbally
presented study documents (AWCC interpreters available)
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Study Sites
Peter Mac,Melbourne
Bega Oncology
Eurobodalla Cancer Services, Moruya
Alan Walker Cancer Centre, Darwin
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Overview of Procedure
Introduce SCNAT-IP
(3-5 months)
Immediately after:
• Patient Acceptability Questions (3 items)
• Interview patients about experience of SCNAT-IP
At completion of implementation trial:
• Staff Acceptability Interview
• Staff Acceptability Questionnaire (5 items)
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Data Analysis
Data AnalysisStudy Component AnalysisAcceptability ratings Descriptive statistics
Test of association with Acceptability
Non-parametric statistics (e.g. Mann W-U, Kruksal Wallis, Spearman’s r)
Patient and Staff Interviews
Thematic Analysis
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Results
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Participants
36/45 Patients consented (87% Response Rate)Aged 34-76yrs (Mean= 54 years)
Participant Site
n %AWCC (Darwin) 20
56%Peter Mac
12 33%Southern NSW LHD 4
12%
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Participants
Participant Cancer Type n
%Breast 13
36%Colorectal 7 19%Head & Neck 6
17%Lung 3
8%Gynaecological 2 6%NHL 1
3%Haematological 1 3%Other 3
8%
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Treatment Status
n %
Receiving treatment 17 47
Newly diagnosed 5 14
Follow-up care 14 39
Participants
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Main language spoken at home
n %
English21 58
Indigenous language15 42
Participants
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Patient Acceptability
1. I like being asked about needs2. Today was a good time to complete needs
assessment3. Helpful for identifying what I needed help with.
0 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10
Not at all Very much so
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Patient Acceptability
Range=
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Associations with Acceptability• Being pre-surgery
– Timing (p=0.03) – Helpfulness (p=0.01)
• Higher levels of education– Timing (p=0.02) – Overall Acceptability (p=0.00)
• Having an unspecified (other) comorbidity– Liking (p=0.03) – Timing (p=0.03) – Helpfulness (p=0.04)– Overall Acceptability (p=0.00)
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Patient Interviews
General Acceptability and Format.
Many patients said:• Liked being asked about needs• Did not mind time taken to answer• Were satisfied with questions and format • Appreciated offer of services
Some said:• Felt “empowered”• Felt heard • Appreciated health professionals were interested
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Patient Interviews
‘It’s made me feel good that someone’s showing interest, you know. That’s there people out there who are trying to improve things, not only for cancer patients but for Indigenous people.’
(Male, Head and Neck Cancer, Aged 45)
‘I actually appreciated it, that the effort was being made’
(Female , Breast cancer, Aged 55)
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Patient Interviews
• One patient “felt uptight” • One patient said process not helpful• Some described private nature of Indigenous
people not talking openly about problems and advocated “roundabout” methods.
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Patient Interviews
Timing
Many patients said:• Satisfied with timing
Some patients:• Would have preferred earlier assessment• But not too early!
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Patient Interviews
Frequency
Some said:• Once only near beginning of treatment
Many patients: • Acknowledged need to reassess because needs change• But less consensus on exact frequency.
“Once a week just to keep an eye on you”
“Once a month”
“Each stage”
“Every time I go in”
“Every sixth months”
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Patient Interviews
Perceived Benefits of Screening
‘Yes she [the social worker] gave me some information because of some of my answers. I don’t think I would have got that information otherwise.’
(Female, Gynaecological cancer, Aged 51 )
‘I have now been referred to psychology and what I said is,
“I wish this had of happened 2 years ago” .
(Female, Breast, Aged 55)
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Patient Interviews
Attitudes to Universal Screening for Indigenous Cancer Patients
Many patients:• Supported universal screening because:
– Educated staff about Indigenous patient experience– Educated patients about services and what to expect
Some patients:• Important for cultural reasons (shyness or reluctance to
share problems)• Thought it should be optional • Relevant regardless of race • Altruistic reasons
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Patient Interviews ‘A lot of them [staff] probably don’t
understand .. there is problem like family problem, money problems.’
(Female, Lung cancer, Age 47)
‘I’m pretty articulate and pretty aware of what the processes are within hospitals and so forth, but for somebody else you know, I think it’s something that needs to be done’
(Male, Bowel Cancer, Age 61)
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Staff Participants
Evaluation Cohort(n=10)
GenderFemaleMale
100
Clinical RoleOncology Social Worker Nurse care coordinatorClinical trial coordinator
631
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Staff Acceptability (n=10)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nu
mb
er o
f st
aff
Stronglydisagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Stronglyagree
SCNAT-IP is useful to my clinical practice
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nu
mb
er o
f S
taff
Stronglydisagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Stronglyagree
SCNAT-IP is feasible to use routinely
Staff Acceptability (n=10)
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nu
mb
er o
f S
taff
Stronglydisagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Stronglyagree
Patients generally find the SCNAT-IP acceptable
Staff Acceptability (n=10)
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nu
mb
er o
f S
taff
Stronglydisagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Stronglyagree
SCNAT-IP is easy to score/interpret
Staff Acceptability (n=10)
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nu
mb
er o
f S
taff
Stronglydisagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Stronglyagree
My clinic should continue to screen all Indigenous patients using SCNAT-IP
Staff Acceptability (n=10)
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Staff Interviews
Perceived Benefits• Comprehensive / systematic nature• Verbal format• Opportunity for early intervention• Builds rapport & establishes expectations• Positive relationship with social work• Helps staff members less experienced
with working with Indigenous patients
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“It provides patients with the opportunity to identify their needs that may not be apparent in more casual interactions”
“It picks up things that I think that would never have come up until we were at a real crisis point.”
Staff Interviews
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Perceived Barriers• Time• Logistics of making time for an interview • Comprehension issues for patients with
low English fluency need to explain /clarify meaning
• Response format (‘little need’ versus ‘some need’)
Staff Interviews
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Impact on workload• Most identified that some additional time
required• No staff reported major impact on
workload• Some staff saw time savings (e.g. avoids
crisis)• Experience with screening tools helped
reduce impact on workload
Staff Interviews
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Impact on team communication and referrals
• Improved communication with medical/nursing staff (e.g. in-patients)
• Two sites improved liaison with Indigenous Health Workers
• Improves communication between patients and medical staff and • Improved awareness of community-based
services in regional/rural areas • Some reported little or no impact
Staff Interviews
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Staff Recommendations for Future Use
• Should be used early • Re-assessment at later time points• More advice for staff on time needed• Revised introductory section• Specific suggestions for minor changes to
structure/wording
Staff Interviews
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Limitations
• Up to half of all potentially eligible Indigenous patients were not approached for study
(n= 44 Combined sample)• Inaccuracy of Indigenous status recording
in medical records• Early onset of wet season in NT• Potential impact on generalisability?
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Conclusions• Majority of patients surveyed:
– found the SCNAT-IP acceptable;– welcomed universal unmet needs screening;
• Majority of staff surveyed:– found the tool acceptable and feasible – support continued use of SCNAT-IP;
• Feasible and useful in a variety of clinical settings;
• Early screening with reassessment;• Health care interpreters for people with low
English fluency;• More research needed involving larger samples
in small rural and regional cancer clinics.
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Future Directions
• National Unmet Needs Survey currently underway
• Minor revisions to introduction and format• SCNAT-IP user website• Endorsement from peak cancer
organisations
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Acknowledgements
Thank you to:
• Natasha Roe (IHLO, AWCC)• Ivan Gooloogong (AHW, SNSW LHD)• Gwenda Stuart (AHW, SNSW LHD)• Mrs Margaret Lawton, Ms Celia Moore
(Consumer Representatives) • Dr Mick Adams (AIATSIS)• Staff and patients who participated in this trial• Funding Body
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ResourcesSCNAT-IP User Website• www.menzies.edu.au/supportivecaretool
PublicationsDevelopment - Garvey G, Beesley VL, Janda M, Jacka C, Green A, O’Rourke P, Valery PC. (2012) The development of a supportive care needs assessment tool for Indigenous people with cancer. BMC Cancer, 12: 300
Psychometric Validation - Garvey G, Beesley VL, Janda M, O'Rourke P, Green AC, Valery PC. The supportive care needs assessment tool for Indigenous people (SCNAT-IP) with cancer: psychometric properties.(Submitted, JCO)