Canadian Light Source: Overview - Physics and …physics.usask.ca/~chang/department/Mark.pdf · E N...
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www.lightsource.ca Canadian Light Source: Overview 2010 April
Transcript of Canadian Light Source: Overview - Physics and …physics.usask.ca/~chang/department/Mark.pdf · E N...
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Canadian Light Source:Overview
2010 April
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Outline
• CLS project history
• Accelerator design
• Accelerator performance and development
• Beamlines – accelerator-related activity
• Future plans
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The Case for CLS
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CLS History
• Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility– Operated up to 3 beamlines at SRC in Madison since 1980’s
• 1991 – Canadian Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Proposal– 1.5 GeV for soft x-rays– Racetrack design with few Insertion Devices– Superconducting “wiggle” bends
• 1994 – Design workshop at University of Saskatchewan (U. of S.)– 1.5 GeV, 8-cell Triple-Bend Achromatic (TBA) lattice– 104 m circumference– Too few straights!
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CLS History
• 1995 – Revised proposal from U. of S.– 2.5 GeV, 12-cell Double-Bend Achromatic (DBA) lattice
– 127 m circumference
– Budget estimate almost frozen
– More ID’s, and 20 keV x-rays requested
• 1999 March 31 - CLS Project approved with Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to U. of S.– 2.9 GeV, 12-sector DBA
– 171 m circumference, with longer straights
– Incorporate existing 300 MeV linac into injector
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CLS Project
• CLS Project approved on 1999 March 31– 140.9 M $C to construct:
• 2.9 GeV booster and third-generation storage ring• at least six beamlines
– Only 22 staff at the start of the project, including:• 2 accelerator physicists• 1 mechanical engineer• 1 electrical engineer• 4-person group for IT, controls, diagnostics• 2 scientists
• Challenge:– Complete facility in approximately five years– Increase technical staff to more than 130– Build organization for operations and future R & D
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Initial Capital Funding – $140.9M
CanadaWestern Diversification
16%
Ontario7%
NRC/NRCan6%
Sask18%
City of Saskatoon,
Sask Power, Boehringer Ingelheim, UofA, UWO
4%
Alberta7%
UofS4%
CFI40%
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Initial Facility Layout
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Synchrotron Light Source FacilitiesFacility Year Commissioned Energy Circumference Emttance Current
ESRF (EU) 1994 6 844 3.8 200 / 300APS (US) 1995 7 1060 3.5 100PLS (KO) 1995 2.5 281 12 180SPRING-8 (JP) 1997 8 1436 5.6 100BESSY-II (DE) 1998 1.9 240 5.2 270SLS (CH) 2001 2.4 240 5 400CLS (CA) 2004 2.9 171 18 250 / 500SPEAR-3 (US) ↑ 2004 3 240 18 500SOLEIL (FR) 2006 2.75 354 3.1 500ASP (AU) 2006 3 216 8.6 200DIAMOND (UK) 2006 3 562 2.7 300 / 500SSRF (CN) 2008 3.5 432 2.9 200 / 300PETRA III (DE) ↑ 2009 6 2304 1.0 100 / 200ALBA (ES) 2010 3 269 4.3 400TPS (TW) 2013 3 516 2.5 500MAX-IV (SE) 2013 ? 3 ~500 <1.0 ~500NSLS – II (US) ~2014 3 ~780 <1.0 500
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CLS Linac
• 220 kV Pulsed electron gun• Bunch train length selector• ~ 0.1 nC / linac bunch• 2856 MHz pre-buncher / buncher• Six 2856 MHz, 50 MeV linac sections• 250 MeV output energy• Asynchronous to 500 MHz in booster• 2 – 140 ns long pulse train to booster• 1 s-1 pulse repetition rate
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CLS Booster
• 250 MeV to 2.9 GeV Synchrotron• Up to 10 mA circulating current• 1 s-1 repetition rate• 102.53 m circumference• Compact FODO lattice• 8 straight sections available for injection, extraction
and RF• 1.7 MV RF at 500 MHz, h=171 (3 x 3 x 19)• Bdipole = 1.33 T at 2.9 GeV• εx (damped) = 550 nm•rad at 2.9 GeV
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CLS Storage Ring
• 2.9 GeV DBA lattice with 12-fold period• 170.88 m circumference• 2.4 MV rf at 500 MHz, h=285 (3 x 5 x 19)• Eloss per turn: > 0.876 MeV• Bend magnet radiation:
λc = 1.6 ÅEc = 7.6 keV
• εx = 18.1 nm•rad• Damping times:
• τx = 2.4 ms, τy = 3.8 ms, τE = 2.7 ms
• ~10 mm bunch length
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Sector details
SYNCHROTRON LIGHT TO
EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS
PLAN VIEW(1 of 12 CELLS)
SCALE
1 meter0 0.5
QF QF B SA QF SB QF SA B QF QF
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Storage Ring Operating Parameters Tunes νx
νy
10.223.26
10.22 4.28
11.22 4.28
Emittance 18.3 17.9 nm 14.1
Straightsβx
βy
ηx
8.14.60.15 (0.25)
9.1 m2.7 m0.15 m
16.72.60.15
Mom. Comp. 0.0038
RF freqvoltage
δ acceptance
500.018 MHz2.4 MV2.0 %
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Storage Ring Magnets
• Dipoles: 2 per cell– 1.87 m long– 1.354 T– B’ = –3.87 T/m
• Quadrupoles: 3 families, 6 total per cell– 0.194 m, 0.194 m and 0.277 m magnetic length– B’ < 21.3 T/m
• Sextupoles: 2 families, 3 total per cell– 0.21 m magnetic length– B’’ = 245 T/m2
– One family also has dipole corrector coils and skew quadrupole coils
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500 MHz RF System
• First light source to operate using only super-conducting rf
• Adopted a two-stage approach to the RF system – Stage 1: Initial installation for 250 mA operation
– Stage 2: Future RF upgrade to 500 mA operation
• Initially use one SC cavity, based on Cornell CESR-B design, installed
• Second cavity is available on site, initially used as a spare, to be installed in Stage 2
• 320 kW installed RF power for >250 mA operation.
• Liquid Helium Refrigeration (Linde TCF-50) was sized for operation of one cavity, with flexibility to expand to service an additional cavity.
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Superconducting RF Cavity
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First Light – 2003 December 10
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Machine Function Measurements
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Orbit Control
• Based on Bergoz BPM electronics• RMS orbit (at BPMs) ~ 1 micron
– Local bumps with global correction scheme• RMS long-term stability ~ 2 microns
– Current dependency in beam position (needs work)– Suspect BPM and vacuum chamber thermal shifts
• Fast orbit correction to 60 Hz recently tested – May not be necessary for vibration control– Used to correct perturbations from changing ID gaps– Possible use with ramping BMIT wiggler
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Single Bunch Mode
• 35 mA per bunch has been achieved• Reduced to 15 mA with narrow vacuum
chamber• > 99.99% bunch purity has been achieved
with bunch cleaning using I-Tech transverse feedback system
• Encountering problems with heating of injection kicker vacuum ceramics
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Coupling Correction
• Normal operations is with “natural”coupling ( ~ 0.5 %)
• Coupling <0.1% has been achieved
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Storage Ring Performance
Achieved(2009-01-31)
Design Goals
Start(2003)
First 2 years(2004 – 2005)
Long-term(> 2008)
Horizontal Emittance (nm⋅rad) 15 ≤ 30 ≤ 20 ≤ 18*
Energy (GeV) 1.5, 2.9 2.9 2.9 ≤ 2.9
X-Y Coupling <0.1% to 0.3% <10% <1% < 0.2%
Tunes ( x / y )Alternate operating points:
(10.22 / 3.26)(10.22 / 4.26)
(10.22 / 3.26) (10.22 / 3.26)(10.22 / 4.26 )
(10.22 / 3.26)(10.22 / 4.26 )(11.22 / 3.26) *
RMS orbit stability ( x / y ) (μm) 1.0 / 0.5 50 / 10 40 / 3 30 / 1*
RMS orbit position ( x / y ) (μm) 2 / 1 40 / 80 40 / 80 20 / 40
Maximum current (mA) 320 100 200 500 (?)
Lifetime @ 100 mA (hours) 29 > 4 > 6 > 10 / Top-up*
Time Structure 210 1
Multi-bunch Multi-bunch Multi-bunch or single bunch*
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Facility Performance
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Facility Performance
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Current and Planned Beamlines
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CLS Beamlines
PHASE I (Operational)1. Far Infrared Spectroscopy (Far-IR)
- Characterization of IR absorption of simple molecules2. Mid Infrared Spectromicroscopy (Mid- IR)
- Microscopy of biological samples3. Variable Line Spacing Plane Grating Monochromator (VLS PGM) and4. High Resolution Spherical Grating Monochromator (SGM)
- Understanding chemistry of lighter elements leading to better catalysts, construction materials, fertilizers, etc.
5. Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy (SM)- Discovering the chemical basis of the structure of materials such as
polymers, cells, plants, soil, minerals, and wood 6. Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF#1)
- Analyzing the structure of proteins and other large biological molecules7. Hard X-ray MicroAnalysis (HXMA)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy, powder diffraction, micro-probe- Solve issues of toxic elements in enviromental samples
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Insertion Devices (Phase I)
• Undulators designed and assembled at CLS– VLS-PGM planar undulator: 5.5-250 eV– SGM planar undulator: 250-2000 eV– CMCF SGU: 6 – 18 keV– SM EPU (Apple-II):
• Planar 80 – 4000 eV• Circular 80 – 1000 eV
• HXMA SC 1.94 T Wiggler: 5-40 keV purchased from Budker Institute
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Brilliance at the CLS
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Insertion Devices: Chicaned Undulators
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Double EPU 5-magnet chicane scheme
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Phase II (2005 – 2008)
• 5 CFI approved projects (7 more beamlines)– $49 million– Includes partial building expansion
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CLS Beamlines
PHASE II (Commissioning)1. REIX – Resonant Elastic and Inelastic X-ray scattering (Second EPU)
- Materials science studies with soft x-rays2. CMCF-2 – Protein Crystallography
- Bending magnet beamline automated for high-throughput 3. VESPERS
- Environmental analysis beamline using x-ray flourescence and diffraction4. SXRMB
- Spectroscopy and x-ray absorption at intermediate energies (2 to 10 keV)5. SYLMAND
- x-ray lithography and LIGA processing6. and 7. BMIT (ID line has 4.4 Tesla SC wiggler)
- Two biomedical beamlines for imaging and therapy studies- Also required building expansion
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Current Facility Layout
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Phase III (2008 – 2013)
• 3 CFI approved projects (7 more beamlines)– $65 million
• Building expansion– Additional $40 million
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CLS Beamlines
PHASE III (Design)1. BIOXAS (Chicaned PPM wiggler, IVU)
- Three beamlines optimized for biological applications of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, especially low-concentration elements
2. QMSC (Double EPU)- Beamline optimized for studying quantum effects in solid state physics- Uses two EPUs to cover a wide energy range (10 eV to ~1.2 keV)
3. BXDS (Chicaned SC wiggler, IVU)- Three beamlines optimized for hard x-ray diffraction and scattering- Primarily solid-state physics and materials studies
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CLS Future work
• Phase III beamlines design and construction– Includes 4 m long double EPU– Building expansion (again!)
• Near term:– CSR for users– Single-bunch modes for experiments– Fast global orbit feedback,– bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback
• Longer term:– Top Up Operation
• Preliminary radiation measurements have been made and levels are OK• Licensing documentation needed however• Emphasis on injection with shutters open
– 500 mA operations• Second cavity to be installed• New klystron and HV supply
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The CLS Team
