Canadian History

By, Martina Mileski

Land Bridge

• Early people crossed a “Land Bridge” that connected Asia and North America.

• The first civilizations in Canada are known as the First Nations groups and the Inuit

First Nations

• The Algonquin, Iroquois, Ojibwa, Cree, and many others make up the First Nations in Canada.

• Click Here to visit an interactive map of Canadian First Nations groups and their daily lives.

Inuit

• The Inuit (Inuktitut) have always made their homes in the Arctic of northern Canada

• The Inuit were nomadic

• In the summer, they rode dogsleds

• In the winter, they harpooned seals and whales in the icy water.

• Their clothing was made from caribou fur

Inuit

• In the winter they made igloo homes out of block of snow. • They would build sculptures such as this one to find their way in the

Artic.• The symbol, called inuksuk, was even a symbol for the 2010

Vancouver Olympic Games

European Contact

• Europeans searched for a Northwest Passage to Asia• Contact with Inuit and other native people• Set up Hudson Bay trading posts

French Colonies

• 1534 Jacques Cartier claimed eastern Canada and called it “New France”

• 1608 Samuel de Champlain established a colony at Quebec City.

Seven Year’s War

• British wanted their share of territory around Hudson Bay

• Best land for fur• Conflict grew over

control of the territory• 1756-1763 “Seven

Years War” between the French and the British

• The British won • Canada became part of

the British empire.

Quebec Act

• To avoid rebellion, Britain had to recognize the rights of French Canadians.

• The Quebec Act of 1774 allow religious freedom and French laws.

• Extended Quebec’s boundaries

Act of Union 1840

• Created the Canadian Province

• Established a system of elected leaders

• Bi-cultural government – British and French

• Britain was still in control of Canada

Dominion of Canada

• 1867 British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada

• A Dominion is a territory that governs itself but it is still ties to it’s colonizing country

Provinces

• A province is a territory that is under control of a larger country.

• Quebec • Ontario• British Colombia• Nova Scotia• New Brunswick• Prince Edward Island• Manitoba• Saskatchewan• Alberta • Newfoundland and

Labrador

Immigration

• Wheat was Canada’s main crop

• In the early 1900’s farmers were encouraged to move to Canada

Immigration

• Most immigrants came from Great Britain, Russia, and the United States

Independent Canada

• Canadians joined the fight with Great Britain during WWI

• Began collecting taxes to pay for the war

• Created their own air force• Proved Independence• 1931 Canada gained it’s

independence

Canada Today

• British King or Queen is still Head of State• French Canadians still have a distinct culture.• Has a high literacy rate, low unemployment rate, and

healthcare for all citizens. • Canada is a peace keeping nation

Sources

• Aotearoa. Mapa administrayjna Kanady. 2006. Web Image. commons.wikimedia.org• Kelly, J.D. Champlain in Georgian Bay. 1615. Web Image. Firstpeoplesofcanada.org • Verner, Frederick. Ojibwe Bark Tipis. 1878. Web Image. Firstpeoplesofcanada.org• A. Tay. Act of Union. Web Image. Xtimeline.com• West, Benjamin. The Death of General Wolfe, 1771. Web Image. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_

War• Walk, Ansgar. Inuit Boots, 2002. Web Image. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inuit-Stiefel.jpg• Curtis, Edward. Inupiat Family, 1929. Web Image. Commons.wikimedia.org• Map of the Dominion of Canada, 1867. Library and Archives Canada• Henri, Julien, 1880. Library and Archives Canada. http://

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Come_To_Stay.gif• Alt, Tobias, July 2005. Peyto Lake-Banff NP-Canada. http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peyto_Lake-Banff_NP-Canada.jpg• Patterson, C.J., Lawson, and Jones Limited (Printer). 1914-1918. Enlist! New Names in Canadian History –

More are coming – Will You Be There? http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_Names_Canadian_WW1_recruiting_poster.jpg

• Sabato, George and Yell, Michael. My World Geography: Western Hemisphere. 2011. Pearson, New Jersey.