CANADA

Brief background

Who or what are the following?Queen Elizabeth II –

Canada’s Head of State

Sir John A. Macdonald – Canada’s 1st PMMichaelle Jean –

Canada Governor-General

Dalton McGuinty –

Current Ontario PremierStephen Harper –

Current PM of Canada

Stephane Dion –

Leader of the Official Opposition

The Bluenose

A Mountie!

Lacrosse: Canada’s Other National Sport…

Why are symbols important in any nation?

What battle took place in Canada in 1759?

• The Plains of Abraham• Where did this battle

occur?• Quebec City

• What 2 nations fought in this battle?

• Why did they fight?

• It was part of the 7 Years War (1756-63) – they were fighting to expand their colonial empires

• Who was the British general?

• James Wolfe• Who was the

French general?• Marquis de

Montcalm• Who won?

What makes this battle important, even in 20th century Canadian history?

• When the British defeated the French, the colony of New France came under British control…

• New France British North America!• This Conquest was completed in 1760• Most of the settlers – the habitants –

spoke French though…but over time, more English-speaking immigrants came over, esp. from the new United States

• So Canada has had bicultural and bilingual issues right from the start…

Quebec Act –

Created by G.B., to allow Quebec to maintain its French-Catholic culture - ?

Lord Durham –

- A Br. Politician who thoughtThe French should be assimilated into English culture …- French Canada resolved to protect itself = La Survivance!

What major event took place in Canada in 1867?

• Confederation• What was it?• The Dominion of

Canada was created – Canada gained sovereignty, or partial independence from G.B.

Canada On July 1, 1867

• Why did this happen?• The “Fathers of

Confederation” thought it would be a good idea b/c…– They feared the U.S - ?

• Post-Civil War – American military might…

• Manifest Destiny…– Wanted to promote

unity and trade w/in Canada

• Why did the British allow this to happen?

• Canada had been moving towards Responsible Government for 20+ yrs

• Queen Victoria favoured it• Canada was no longer a

money maker… - ?• Br. had more profitable

colonies, namely India - ?

• So the 1st 4 provinces came together – Ontario, Quebec, N.S., and N.B. – and Canada became a nation

• Canada took charge of internal affairs, and G.B. controlled our foreign policy (= partial sovereingty)

• The first PM =

• Other provinces joined…as Canada pushed to the west and east…

• 1870 – Manitoba – who lived there?

• Many French-speaking who feared the expansion of the new nation into their territory, so…

• Red River Rebellion• Who emerged as their

leader?• Louis Riel…

Riel…• What was his role in 19th century Canada?• When the rebellion ended and Manitoba

became the 5th province, Riel was elected as an MP…but a mob in Ottawa prevented him from taking his seat in Parliament

• He retreated to Quebec and ended up in an insane asylum

• He later returned to western Canada, where he led a 2nd Northwest Rebellion, this time in Saskatchewan

• Riel’s forces were defeated b/c:– “Mac” sent the NWMP to

defeat Riel’s forces using the new railroad

– The Native Peoples decided not to support Riel

– Riel had become obsessed w/ religion and thought he was on a divine mission to save the Metis people (he prayed endlessly, went into battle w/ a cross…)

– The Metis were more interested in their rights, not religion

Riel’s Trial• What was the charge? • High Treason (it was an old British crime that

allowed “Mac” to use the death penalty…)• The trial was supposed to be held in

Manitoba, but that could have meant a Metis jury - ?

• So “Mac” had it moved to Regina – the jury was made up of 6 men (only one spoke French)

• Riel’s lawyers tried to use an insanity defense - ?

• Riel refused the defense and insisted on speaking himself

• The jury judged him competent and found him guilty

• The judge imposed the death penalty

• This caused riots, esp. in Quebec

• “Mac” decided to hang Riel anyway…the news spread quickly, and this caused more uproar in Quebec, where Riel was seen as a martyr

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Provinces are shown by numbers Capital Cities are shown by capital letters

You’ll also need to know the 5 Great Lakes, the 3 surrounding oceans, and the St. Lawrence River! Write those in yourself.