Can plants think? Do plants have a social life?. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: The starting point of life*
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Transcript of Can plants think? Do plants have a social life?. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: The starting point of life*
Can plants think?
Do plants have a social life?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
The starting point of life*
1st concept to know:Living things run on
batteries.
What is the battery?
1st concept to know:Living things run on
batteries.
What is the battery?
We recharge ATP from sugar (glucose)…where does sugar come from?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Molecule that provides life’s energy.
– Works by popping of a phosphate group, releasing stored energy
– 3 parts:
Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
ADP ATP
Energy
EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partiallychargedbattery
Fullychargedbattery
Section 8-1
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
An organism can either make its own food, or eat it. They are called autotrophs or heterotrophs
Nutrition
Nutrition
AutotrophicNutrition
HeterotrophicNutrition
ChemosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Green Plants
Ingestion,Digestion,Egestion
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
process which light energy is converted into
sugar energy
PBS interactive
Major Players in the Development of the Photosynthesis Equation…how did they each contribute? What where their results? Conclusions?
• Van Helmont: what ingredient makes up plants?
• Priestly: What are plant byproducts?
• Ingenhousz: Is light really that important?
Conclusion of scientists:
Leaf Cross section
Plants: Leaf Cross Section
Stomates and Guard cells
Plants review:
• Vascular Tissue:– Xylem, transports water– Phloem, transports food
• Gas intake:– Guard cells open forming STOMATES– Lenticels in bark
Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
V B G YO R
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
Section 8-2
Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.html
Chlorophyll, a green pigment, allows plants to absorb light energy. Energy absorption, however, must be consistent with allowable (basal to excited state) electron transitions within the chlorophyll molecule (click 1). Because these transitions are not continuous, a plant obtains energy only at certain frequencies of light. Energy insufficient to reach an excited state is not absorbed (click 1). Similarly, energy that drives an electron past one energy level but is insufficient to reach a second is not absorbed (click 1). To be absorbed, the energy must be sufficient to reach only allowable energy states (click 1). This simple rule of quantum physics is all you need to know to understand an absorption spectra of chlorophyll (click 1).
300 700600500400
Chlorophyll bAbsorptionIntensity Chlorophyll a
excited states
ground state
1
2
Chloroplast AnatomyChloroplast Anatomy
Chloroplast
water
O2
Sugars
CO2
Light-Dependent Reactions
CalvinCycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + PNADP+Chloroplast
Section 8-3
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
HH22OO COCO22
OO22 CC66HH1212OO66
Light Light ReactionReaction
Dark ReactionDark Reaction
Light is AdsorbedLight is AdsorbedBy By
ChlorophyllChlorophyll
Which splitsWhich splitswaterwater
ChloroplastChloroplast
ATP andATP andNADPHNADPH22
ADPADPNADPNADP
Calvin CycleCalvin Cycle
EnergyEnergy
Used Energy and is Used Energy and is recycled.recycled.
++
++
HydrogenIon Movement
Photosystem II
InnerThylakoidSpace
ThylakoidMembrane
Stroma
ATP synthase
Electron Transport Chain Photosystem I ATP Formation
Chloroplast
Resources:
Photosynthesis animation, VCAC
Photosynthesis video, Mastering Biology
Light-Dependent Reactions
ChloropIast
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
5-CarbonMoleculesRegenerated
Sugars and other compounds
6-Carbon SugarProduced
Section 8-3
Figure 8-11 Calvin Cycle
Comparison of Mitochondria
and Chloroplasts
Comparison of Mitochondria
and Chloroplasts
Both have a large amount of internal membrane surface area.
Both have their own ribosomes.
Both have their own genomes.
Both produce a large amount of ATP.
Both derive energy for ATP synthesis from H+ pumps.
Both have a large amount of internal membrane surface area.
Both have their own ribosomes.
Both have their own genomes.
Both produce a large amount of ATP.
Both derive energy for ATP synthesis from H+ pumps.
The mitochondrial genome (in humans) is about 16,000nucleotides long.
The chloroplast genome is about 10x the size of the mitochondrial genome.
The mitochondrial genome (in humans) is about 16,000nucleotides long.
The chloroplast genome is about 10x the size of the mitochondrial genome.
Quick Quiz
1.What is the ultimate purpose of photosynthesis?
2.Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
3.What is the purpose of water?
4.What is the purpose of light?
5.What is the primary raw ingredient of sugar?
6.Where do the Light-Dependent Reactions occur?
7.What makes the turbine spin that makes ATP?
8.What is the waste product of the Light-Dependent Reactions?
9.Why are plants green?
includes
of
take place intakes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Section 8-3
Test yourself
Photosynthesis
includes
of
take place intakes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Light-dependentreactions
thylakoidsenergy fromsunlight
ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts
Section 8-3
Do Now
Calvin cycle
ATP NADPH
High-energysugars
stroma