Campus Network Design
description
Transcript of Campus Network Design
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Campus Network Design
Brittany Cunningham Victor AntonovTrevor Marsh 8 December 2009
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Campus Network Design 2
Table of Contents
1. Design Decisions2. Population &
Needs3. Wide-Area Network 4. Routing Protocol5. Main Campus6. Satellite Campuses7. Remote Campuses
7. Remote Access 8. VoIP9. Wireless10. Security and
Authentication 11. Network
Management12. Costs Evaluation
2009.12.08
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Design DecisionsBrittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 4
Why a Hierarchical Design? Route summarization Distributed routing and switching Simplified implementation and
management Broadcast domain control Infrastructure changes Quality of Service
2009.12.08
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Campus Network Design 5
Core and Distribution Layers
2009.12.08
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Campus Network Design 6
Population and NeedsVictor Antonov
2009.12.08
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User Groups Students
WWW, e-mail, multimedia access Staff
E-mail, VoIP, WWW Faculty
E-mail, VoIP, multimedia/WWW Research
VoIP, e-mail, multimedia
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Students Most student access will come from
the dorms but some will be from academic access points
Student needs will be mostly in download bandwidth
Upload (disregarding video upload) is not expected to be great. Illegal upload needs to be discouraged.
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Campus Network Design 9
Student Traffic Estimations
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Type of Object Size inKb # objects DL # objects UL traffic DL (MB) traffic UL (MB)
intrainte
rtotal intra inter total intra inter total intra inter total
E-mail message 10 5 30 35 2 10 12 732 4,395 5,127 293 1,465 1,758
Web page 50 10 190 200 1 2 3 7,324 139,160 146,484 732 1,465 2,197
Spreadsheet 100 2 1 3 1 1 2 2,930 1,465 4,395 1,465 1,465 2,930
Word processing document 200 2 2 4 2 1 3 5,859 5,859 11,719 5,859 2,930 8,789
Image view/upload 500 5 50 55 3 20 23 36,621 366,211 402,832 21,973 146,484 168,457
Presentation document 2,000 1 1 2 1 0 1 29,297 29,297 58,594 29,297 0 29,297
5 min songs @ 96 kbps 3,600 0 100 100 0 20 20 0 5,273,438 5,273,438 0 1,054,688 1,054,688
2 hrs of movie @ 256 kbps 230,400 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 3,375,000 3,375,000 0 1,687,500 1,687,500
80.8 8979.3 9060.1 58.2 2828.1 2886.3 GB
859.0359 273.6681total Mbps(24 hrs)
1288.5539 410.5021
total Mbps(16 hrs)
* Estimated 15,000 students
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Public Access Traffic Estimations
Type of Object Size in Kb # people # objects DL # objects UL traffic DL (MB) traffic UL (MB)
intra inter total intra inter total intra inter total intra inter total
Terminal screen 4 2,000 30 0 30 20 0 20 234 0 234 156 0 156
E-mail message 10 15,000 5 15 20 2 10 12 732 2,197 2,930 293 1,465 1,758
Web page (including simple GIF and JPEG graphics) 50 15,000 15 30 45 1 2 3 10,986 21,973 32,959 732 1,465 2,197
Spreadsheet 100 15,000 2 1 3 1 1 2 2,930 1,465 4,395 1,465 1,465 2,930
Word processing document 200 15,000 2 2 4 2 1 3 5,859 5,859 11,719 5,859 2,930 8,789
Graphical computer screen 500 5,000 3 0 3 0 0 0 7,324 0 7,324 0 0 0
Presentation document 2,000 15,000 1 1 2 1 0 1 29,297 29,297 58,594 29,297 0 29,297
High-resolution (print-quality) image 50,000 10,000 1 1 2 0 0 0 488,281 488,281 976,563 0 0 0
1 hrs of video stream @ 256 kbps 115,200 5,000 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 562,500 562,500 0 0 0
VoIP 2,400 5,000 5 3 8 5 3 8 58,594 35,156 93,750 58,594 35,156 93,750
532.9 1085.5 1618.4 36.9 7.2 44.1 GB
153.4460 4.1784total Mbps (24 hrs)
230.1690 6.2676total Mbps (16 hrs)
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Staff / Administration
Least amount of traffic generated VoIP telephony important Higher UL rate because of audio and
video links
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Staff / AdministrationType of Object
Size in Kb # people # objects DL # objects UL traffic DL (MB) traffic UL (MB)
intra inter total intra inter total intra inter total intra inter total
E-mail message 10 200 7 8 15 7 8 15 14 16 29 14 16 29
Web page (including simple GIF and JPEG graphics) 50 200 10 25 35 0 0 0 98 244 342 0 0 0
Spreadsheet 100 200 1 1 2 1 1 2 20 20 39 20 20 39
Word processing document 200 200 3 2 5 2 3 5 117 78 195 78 117 195
Graphical computer screen 500 100 1 0 1 0 0 0 49 0 49 0 0 0
Presentation document 2,000 100 1 1 2 1 1 2 195 195 391 195 195 391
High-resolution (print-quality) image 50,000 100 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 4,883 4,883 0 4,883 4,883
VoIP 2,400 200 10 20 30 5 10 15 4,688 9,37514,06
3 2,344 4,688 7,031
5.1 14.5 19.5 2.6 9.7 12.3 GB
1.8509 1.1637
total Mbps (24 hrs)
5.5528 3.4912
total Mbps (8 hrs)
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Research Most research organizations and universities are
connected via Internet2 – a research network Internet2 is developing and deploying advanced
network applications and technologies for research and higher education
Internet2 recreates the partnerships of academia, industry, and government that helped foster today’s Internet in its infancy.
Research partnership gives access to (anonymized) traffic data unavailable from commercial networks
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Research Needs
Some areas of research can generate huge amounts of data
A separate line will be dedicated to the research needs and access to Internet2
Needs for some areas of research are described in the next slides
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Physics Research Dependant on the area of physics but usually
produces large amounts of data Russian example on High Energy Physics
research In 2003 produced ~30 TB Predicted needed connectivity for 2006 was 1-2.5 Gbps While a university might not produce all this data and
exchange it with the world, it is safe to assume that in 2009-2010 all educational physics research might need ~2 Gbps connection
Some examples of physics research applications: Large, high-quality images of the sky (astrophysics) Complex 3D models (fluid/air dynamics)
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Biology/Medicine
Audio and visual information on species, habitats, conditions
DNA models, genetic sequences Neuroinformatics - neuroimaging
resources, including multi-scale imaging
Protein identification, characterization, quantification
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Other Areas
Other areas of research that will produce a lot of traffic over the network: Weather science High-performance computing Chemistry Geography
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Wide-Area Network Victor Antonov
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Wide-Area Network
Main Campus 4 Secondary Campuses
In the same metro area as main campus 50+ satellite campuses
Nationwide Connections to the Internet and Internet2
Serving main and secondary campuses Redundancy of the WAN
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WAN Connection Metro Ethernet technology to connect smaller
campuses EVPL (Ethernet Virtual Private Line) topology with
point-to-point Ethernet virtual connections Multiple EVCs to enable hub and spoke
configuration Bandwidth of 1Gb (which can be later scaled up
for growing bandwidth needs) Two providers for redundancy: COX and Verizon
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Metro Ethernet Cost-effectiveness Scalable bandwidth (1Gb and higher) Low operating, maintenance,
administration costs Simplicity of native Ethernet format
over traditional WAN technologies Customer controls IP addressing and
routing
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MAN Implementation
Layer 2/3 switches and/or routers Highly redundant network
Full mesh topology MPLS backbone
Costly Highly reliable and scalable
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Multiprotocol Label Switching Benefits of MPLS (basic)
Node-to-node connections (virtual links) Highly scalable Independent of any Data Link layer
technology Less overhead (no segmentation and
reassembly) Highly compatible with IP
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MPLS Benefits of MPLS
Connections are unidirectional▪ A bi-directional traffic will use two
connections which allows a link failure to ideally affect only one of the traffic directions
Multi-level tunneling Fast recovery time – MPLS Fast Reroute
offers recovery time of <50 ms▪ Geared towards real-time application (VoIP)
support
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MPLS-based Ethernet MAN Ethernet interface on fiber
(100BASE-FX) Ethernet over MPLS over Ethernet
Customers’ Ethernet packets are transported over MPLS and the service provider network uses Ethernet again as the underlying technology to transport MPLS
Fast Reroute Implemented
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Advantages of an MPLS-based Metro Ethernet
Scalability pure Ethernet MAN are limited to a maximum of 4,096
VLANs for the whole network, when using MPLS, Ethernet VLANs have local meaning only
Resiliency 30 to 1 sec convergence for pure Ethernet vs 50 msec for
MPLS-based MAN (Fast Reroute) Multiprotocol convergence
an MPLS-based Metro Ethernet can backhaul not only IP/Ethernet traffic but virtually any type of traffic coming from customer networks or other access networks
End to End administration and maintenance MPLS-based MAN offers a wider set of troubleshooting and
OAM MPLS-based tools which can effectively troubleshoot and diagnose network problems
MAC ping, MAC traceroute, LSP ping etc.
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MAN Design University is the provider itself
It will receive internet access and provide it to main and secondary campuses
Can provide access for closely related organizations – research foundation , R&D sites, high schools
Operates and administers its own network▪ Can freely implement policies
Main campus is closely connected with the core network
Customers are secondary campuses and an related organizations (see above)
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WAN Redundancy
Two providers of the metro-ethernet services COX and Verizon
Ethernet solutions: EVPL (Ethernet Virtual Private Lines) topology with point-to-point Ethernet virtual connections (EVCs) Multiple EVCs will be used to enable hub-and-
spoke configuration to interconnect campuses.
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Satellite Campuses Separate internet access OC-1 lines offering ~50Mbps
transmission speeds Main BW consumer is distance learning
video links▪ Assuming roughly 120 students per remote
campus, this is 30 Mbps traffic at peak times Access to university resources
achieved through VPN
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WAN Overview
MetroEthernet Area Network
(main and secondary campuses
)
Cox
VerizonSatellite Campuses
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Routing ProtocolBrittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 33
Convergence
What determines convergence time? Time to detect path loss Time to detect new best path Time to update routes and tables
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Campus Network Design 34
How does EIGRP help?
Stubby areas Hierarchical design limits queries Fast convergence Cisco hardware is optimized for
EIGRP
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Campus Network Design 35
Route Summarization
Fewer queries to core Allows traffic filtering Control multicast traffic Smaller routing tables Naturally synergizes with
hierarchical design
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Campus Network Design 36
Keeping Multicasts to a Minimum Rendezvous point near multicast
source Auto-rendezvous on all other L3
switches IGMP snooping No cross-campus VLANs
2009.12.08
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Main CampusBrittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 38
Main Campus Considerations 15 buildings Approximately 750 faculty and staff Approximately 15,000 students Electronic records VoIP phone system Complete wireless coverage Research
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Campus Network Design 39
Access Layer in a Single Building
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Campus Network Design 40
Server Farm
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Campus Network Design 41
Research Considerations
WAN links to partnered universities High-performance computing
clusters
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Satellite CampusesBrittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 43
Satellite Campuses
1-4 buildings each Approximately 250 faculty and staff Approximately 8,000 students VoIP phone system Complete wireless coverage Backups from main server farm WAN links to main campus
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Remote Campuses and Access
Brittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 45
Remote Campuses
50+ remote sites Approximately 2,000 students Local staff with access to university
resources
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Campus Network Design 46
Remote Access
Faculty and Staff must have secure access to files and other resources
Access must be available anywhere with an internet connection
Solution: VPNs
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Campus Network Design 47
VPNs
Consider: What resources should require a VPN? What resources could be supported by
web VPNs? How can we make connecting as easy as
possible? Adaptive Security Appliance
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VoIPBrittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 49
VoIP
Main and satellite campuses only Traffic is in separate traffic VLAN 802.1Q VLAN tagging to ensure QoS
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WirelessTrevor Marsh
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Main architecture Cisco’s Unified Wireless Network
Quality name Guaranteed support won’t end in a year because company
bankrupts Provides easy and proven configurations Offers:
▪ Context Aware: Track assets, perform condition monitoring, improve process flow, and use location and other contextual information
▪ Wireless Network Security: Proactive threat protection, RF visibility, and wired network security help ensure that data remains private and secure and that the network is protected from unauthorized access.
▪ Radio Frequency (RF) Solutions: Spectrum analysis can help detect and eliminate sources of RF interference in wireless networks.
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Main Components
Cisco Catalyst 6500 or 7600 series switch After placement of a Cisco Wireless
Service Module(CiSM) you can have up to 2100 access points
Use Cisco Aironet 1250 series access point Allows for upgrade to 802.11n
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Centralized Management
Management of all of the access points is easier due to Cisco’s use of LWAPP (Lightweight Access Point Protocol) Handles all of the access points at once Can assign each access point with a
primary and secondary controller Each wireless controller will be bundled
with the switch which will allow access to the distribution layer
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WLAN connected to the LAN This allows for the usage of the same
DCHP server and access to anything else in the Distribution Layer, provided properly accessed, such as storage and others.
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Broadcast
802.11n is not yet popular enough 802.11a 5.2Ghz band will be
primarily used while 802.11b/g (2.4Ghz) will be sparingly used for legacy devices
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802.11a
Potentially less interference Provides at least eight, and potentially
up to 22, non-overlapping channels, compared with three for 802.11b/g
Allows for auto-configuration of channels and power to access points
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Failsafe
There will be one controller per switch, which means two controllers per building Placement in all buildings will allow for
enough coverage for all of ODU If one fails the other will automatically cover
the slack Automatic reboot after 3 minutes
If any access point fails, the CiSM will increase the power to the others
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Security and Authentication
Brittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 59
Access Control Lists
Located in Distribution Layers Additional ACLs may be on Access
Layer No ACLs in Core-Why? Careful planning is necessary during
design and implementation
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Campus Network Design 60
Intrusion Detection and Prevention DHCP snooping Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Port security
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Campus Network Design 61
Where should firewalls be? Resnet gateway Server gateway Between core and exterior gateways Remote site gateways VPN connection gateway
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Network ManagementBrittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 63
Network Management
TACACS+ for networked devices Authentication Authorization Accounting
Locally-configured credentials as backup
Solarwinds Network Monitoring System
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Costs EvaluationBrittany Cunningham
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Campus Network Design 65
Hardware CostsItem Quanti
tyCost per Unit
Total Cost
Catalyst 4500 Series Switch 75 $8,000 $600,000Catalyst 6500 Series Switch 16 $20,000 $320,000ASA 5500 Series 2 $3,000 $6,000Wireless Access Points 1,200 $800 $960,000Cisco 6500 Wireless Services Module
8 $30,000 $254,000
Cabling Estimate * 1 $1,000,000 $1,000,000Hardware Overhead (40%) $1,256,000
TOTAL $4,396,000
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* University will hire a contractor for all cabling.
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Campus Network Design 66
Non-Hardware CostsItem CostOrion Network Performance Monitor (500 devices) $8,475Orion Netflow Traffic Analyzer (500 devices) $5,995Orion IP SLA Manager 1 (25 IP SLA source devices) $3,995Orion Network Configuration Manager (1000 nodes) $10,495LANsurveyor $1995IPv4 Allocation and Assignment (ARIN; /20) $2,250IPv6 Allocation and Assignment (ARIN; /40) Free w/
IPv4AS Number Assignment (ARIN) $500ARIN Maintenance Fee (Per Year) $100Non-Hardware Overhead (40%) $13,522
TOTAL $47,3272009.12.08
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Campus Network Design 67
Resources http://www.uwec.edu/hiltonts/101/CBAsample/
projectsample.htm http://cisco.com http://www.ciscopress.com http://www.netcraftsmen.net/resources/archived-articles/
431.html http://etutorials.org/Networking/Lan+switching+first-step http://www.engr.wisc.edu/computing/security.html http://www.solarwinds.com http://www.arin.net Rizwan Bhutta, Network Systems Senior Engineer Sheila Brink, Network Systems Senior Engineer Jeff Spyker, Network Systems Senior Engineer Robert Perry, Network Systems Senior Engineer2009.12.08
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Questions?