Campus Master Plan Update 2011 - University of Michigan–Flint › sites › default › files ›...
60
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN - FLINT Flint, Michigan Campus Master Plan Update 2011
Transcript of Campus Master Plan Update 2011 - University of Michigan–Flint › sites › default › files ›...
university of michigan - flintFlint, MichiganCampus Master Plan Update 2011
university of michigan - flintFlint, MichiganCampus Master Plan Update 2011
Sasaki Associates, Inc.
contentsintroduction/project goals 7
process 11
space programming 17
master plan 21
implementation 47
sustainability 51
6
intr
od
uc
tion
an
d pr
oje
ct g
oa
ls
campus master plan update illustrative
n0 400
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
nsagin
aw
first
kearsley
i-475
7
intr
od
uc
tion
an
d pr
oje
ct g
oa
ls
introduction/ project goalsthe 2011 university of michigan-flint master plan update provides a framework for guiding change on the campus over the next five to ten years. the plan responds to the recently completed strategic plan of the university. it also addresses the decision to relocate the school of management to the riverside center and the renovation and potential expansion of the murchie science building. more broadly, the master plan supports efforts by the city of flint to regenerate the downtown area and create a “college-town” atmosphere.
the master plan update discusses ways of transforming the existing campus with the following goals in mind:
• utilize campus space efficiently
• enhance campus life
• improve campus connectivity
• advance sustainability, and
• promote community engagement and integration.
8
intr
od
uc
tion
an
d pr
oje
ct g
oa
ls
Utilize Campus Space Efficiently the university has adequate space to accommodate existing and projected enrollment. the efficient use of existing space to serve the mission is a key goal with the understanding that the quality and configuration must be upgraded. the master plan provides conceptual recommendations for improving the learning environment and for relocating academic and support programs.
Enhance Campus Lifethe university of michigan-flint serves an ethnically diverse population of students who are older than typical college students and who primarily commute to campus. understanding the um-flint student profile is crucial to designing facilities that best meet their needs. given modest enrollment growth targets and the availability of space within existing buildings, the master plan update focuses on re-programming space rather than building new space. strategic interventions will provide students with needed study, dining, and recreation spaces while also meeting the objectives of activating the outdoor campus environment and invigorating the bridge system. the transformation of thompson library from a traditional library model to an information commons model plays a key role in enhancing campus life.
campus gateway at kearsley and harrison streets
Improve Campus Connectivitythe campus has grown beyond its original cloistered group of buildings to occupy several downtown flint buildings including riverfront center, university pavilion, and northbank center. since these buildings were not built for university use originally, their connection to campus is tenuous. the master plan update strengthens these links and better incorporates these buildings into the campus fold.
the concentration of university buildings across harrison street promotes the idea of modifying the current traffic pattern on harrison to a campus street. similar to the new alignment of kearsley street, the plan suggests harrison street as a two-lane roadway with parallel parking on both sides, curb realignments at intersections, and delineated crosswalks. finally, the plan continues to develop the overall campus identity through enhanced connections across the flint river and clarification of the gateways to um-flint.
9
intr
od
uc
tion
an
d pr
oje
ct g
oa
ls
Advance Sustainabilitythe master plan update addresses sustainability by providing recommendations for more efficient space utilization, energy efficiency strategies, and improved stormwater management systems. the um-flint facilities office has undertaken many water-saving and energy-saving activities to improve campus sustainability which are catalogued on their website. university-wide initiatives, such as u michigan planet blue and the student sustainability initiative – making the blue green, are active on the ann arbor campus and could be fostered on the flint campus. the update also outlines a methodology for tracking and measuring sustainability activities on campus.
Promote Community Engagement/Integrationthe university’s location in downtown flint promotes the idea of the institution working together with the city to engage in mutually beneficial development activities. the continued reuse of existing downtown buildings, when appropriate, and the desired transition of the city of flint to a “college town” represent two ways in which the university can support community objectives. the master plan update makes an effort to integrate the pedestrian network of the city and flint river trail system with university pathways. the update also makes suggestions about potential improvements to neighboring parks and abutting parcels to continue revitalization efforts in downtown flint.
view of campus and downtown from the river
10
pro
ce
ss
view along a campus walk to the library, bridge network and the flint river beyond
11
pro
ce
ss
processthe campus master planning process began in february 2010 as an update to the 2003 campus master plan. the update is based on new assumptions for enrollment and residential student population. the target enrollment for the master plan is 10,000 head count (hc) with only five percent (5%) of the student body housed in university residence halls.
the master plan is informed by stakeholder interviews, a space assessment, and a physical analysis conducted during the initial planning process in 2010. the planning process was put on hold in june 2010, and recommenced in june 2011. during the interim year, the university agreed to lease space in riverfront center for the school of management. academic and residential use of this downtown building will most likely have a significant effect on pedestrian movement patterns on the campus; the campus master plan proposes several changes that address this new movement.
12
pro
ce
ss
Planning Themesthe following summary of recurring themes results from interviews held with faculty and staff at u-m flint, as well as local community representatives including: the community foundation of greater flint; the c. s. mott foundation; the genesee county chamber of commerce; and, the ruth mott foundation.
the themes are organized by category:
growth• the recent increase in student enrollment to 8,000
headcount occurred more quickly than expected and has been accommodated within existing facilities and infrastructure. the potential of reaching a headcount of 10,000 students will require investment in new academic and support facilities.
• this potential growth raises questions as to how it will occur: increases in graduate enrollment; increases in on-line or mixed-mode courses; increases in international students; increases in health program enrollment? it also raises questions relative to student retention, graduation rates and the level of preparation students have for higher education. the recently adopted strategic plan for the flint campus addresses these questions.
• graduate programs will result in the need for more faculty
students sitting along the river in front of thompson library
student life• the introduction of student housing has created a
critical mass of people that supports more amenities and activities on campus for the entire population. the result is a more active campus environment for both residents and commuters.
• there is now a noted need for changes to dining services, the university center and the recreation facilities to support the extended hours and patterns of student use. there is a stated desire to transform the university center to a student center, and expand the recreation center and provide outdoor fields to accommodate growth in club sport activity.
• the library, increasingly, is the hub of campus activity but would be improved by more group study space and amenities such as a coffee shop. it is noted that improvements to the student life experience must be affordable making the best use of existing investments and opportunities in the surrounding context.
13
pro
ce
ss
first street residence hall
housing• the introduction of 300 beds of campus housing has
served as the catalyst for transforming the campus environment and inspiring confidence for private sector development in the downtown housing market.
• a key decision for the university at this juncture is whether to move forward with a second phase of housing, utilize the riverfront housing project recently renovated by the mott foundation or partner with other private sector developers to provide additional housing.
• other considerations include the establishment of a housing referral system for private sector apartments in the surrounding context. u-m ann arbor has a successful model that would require better coordination and code enforcement with the city of flint.
connectivity• circulation on the campus occurs primarily at the bridge
level; however, there is a stated desire to encourage more ground level interior and exterior movement. the aim is to improve the vitality of the campus environment and integrate campus activity and circulation with the pedestrian network of the city and the flint river trail system.
• a key challenge is north / south connectivity across the river which will require a new strategically placed pedestrian bridge. the need for connectivity is related to the desire to create better outdoor spaces and improve the campus landscape bearing in mind that outdoor activities are limited during the winter months.
14
pro
ce
ss
entrance to the william s white building
academic facilities • accommodating growth and supporting ongoing
programs requires a better understanding of how space is allocated and utilized across the campus. utilization is a key concern with peak hours concentrated from 10 am to 2 pm monday to thursday.
• extended hours monday to thursday and better utilization on friday and the weekend would be a more affordable and sustainable option for accommodating growth.
• it is acknowledged that new science facility upgrades are a high priority for the campus given the condition and age of the existing facility.
• other needs include a simulation lab for the health programs and the size and range of classrooms provided on the campus.
• the opportunities and challenges associated with utilizing available buildings in the surrounding context for academic purposes is also a consideration for the master plan.
sustainability• the concept of sustainability is emerging as a
consideration in the university’s decision-making processes relative to facility and site development as well as community engagement and economic development opportunities.
• key areas of concern for the master plan include energy management on the campus and new stormwater management permitting requirements.
15
pro
ce
ss
community engagement• u-m flint has served as a catalyst and anchor for
redevelopment and investment in the downtown area. looking ahead, opportunities exist to partner with the mott foundations, the city and local property owners to provide additional housing and other amenities that would benefit both the university and community.
• t he university’s outreach and community engagement programs are driving the need for conferencing and space to accommodate the public. this need is coupled with a desire to make the campus more visitor and user friendly.
• the potential exists to transition flint toward a “college town” model; a vision that is not understood or embraced by everyone in the community.
• key areas of opportunity include existing buildings along saginaw street and the neighborhoods between the campus and the arts district. the transition of these areas is hindered by the continued negative perceptions of flint and concerns relative to safety and security.
• the opportunities are significant for the university but it is understood that engagement must not come at the cost of the core academic mission.
economics• looking ahead, the university will need to bring about
change efficiently and in a more coordinated manner given limitations in state funding and tuition / fee increases.
• key concerns include developing affordable renovation strategies for the university center and the recreation center; developing new housing or purchasing housing from the private sector; obtaining state funding for the science building; and financing a new pedestrian bridge across the flint river.
16
spac
e pr
og
ra
mm
ing
this quiet study space in the library will be transformed into an information commons
17
spac
e pr
og
ra
mm
ing
space programmingPlanned Program Movesseveral university-sponsored space moves were planned at the time of this master plan update. these moves were necessary to accommodate growing programs and to provide swing space for the renovation of murchie science building (msb). the following list is a summary of these changes:
• information technology services (its) to northbank center from murchie science building
• school of management (som) to riverfront from william s. white building
• psychology to french hall from murchie science building
in addition to these specific space moves, genesee early college may be better accommodated in a different location. its current space in the white building conflicts with other university goals; however, a proper home for this signature program has not yet been identified. finally, the school of health professions and studies (shps) continues to grow and needs additional space preferably in the white building.
18
spac
e pr
og
ra
mm
ing
Space Analysis Findingsthe initial space analysis for the current enrollment and target enrollment of 10,000 students (hc) revealed the need for additional space in several categories. it should be noted that the estimated need took into account existing scheduling practices such as not offering classes on fridays. space needs were identified for classrooms, labs, offices and library/study space. subsequent to the initial assessments, the university secured access to additional space in the riverfront center for use by the school of management. with the additional space provided in riverfront, the university is now estimated to have adequate space to accommodate an enrollment of 10,000 hc students and can reallocate space in white, murchie, and french hall to better accommodate programs within those buildings. the detailed findings are documented in a separate document provided to the university.
while the total amount of space will be adequate, there is a need to focus on the qualitative and operational needs of the university. for these reason, the master plan accommodates an addition to murchie science for potential need for state-of-the-art lab requirements and proposes a reconfiguration of the library to provide a learning commons and additional study space (including group study rooms). potential expansion is also indicated for recreational sports should additional space be required to serve the growing club sports programs. dining space is also considered to be an issue for a growing campus. it is recommended that the university conduct additional studies to determine how dining space could be added in a reconfigured university center or in other buildings such as riverfront center.
The UM-Flint Strategic Plan: Excellence by Design 2011-2016the 2011-2016 strategic plan identifies eleven priorities that “build upon the successes of previous years, renew the commitment to unfinished initiatives and continue um-flint’s expansion as a premier regional institution where students, faculty, staff and administrators are fully engaged across the campus and community.” the priorities are as follows:
• priority #1 – enhance the quality and breadth of academic programs and be a school of first choice;
• priority #2 – foster a culture in which faculty are supported in pursuing disciplinary and interdisciplinary teaching, scholarship, creative activity, and expand faculty professional development;
• priority #3 – expand staff professional development
• priority #4 – expand participation in civic engagement, experiential learning, and service learning;
• priority #5 – fulfill our student-centered mission as we serve a growing and increasingly diverse student population;
• priority #6 – cultivate a campus climate that embraces diverse social identities and perspectives
• priority #7 – increase enrollment, student retention and degree completion to achieve planned growth;
• priority #8 – diversify revenues in keeping with the university’s mission;
• priority #9 – create a more integrated and systematic accounting of institutional data; use technology to provide a competitive advantage in recruitment and retention;
• priority #10 – use and develop space that is responsive to a growing university;
• priority #11 – enhance alumni relations to create a culture of university pride.
the master plan recommendations take these priorities into consideration. in general, the priorities are addressed by the proposed improvements to the learning environment, notably the creation of a library commons, extension of the learning environment to outdoor spaces, and improved connections between campus locations and downtown flint.
19
spac
e pr
og
ra
mm
ing
20
ma
ster
plan
proposed master plan illustrative
n0 400
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
nsagin
aw
first
kearsley
i-475
21
ma
ster
plan
master planthe campus master plan update provides a structure for incremental change on the um-flint campus. it describes coordinated systems of landscape and open space; pedestrian, bicycle, transit and vehicular circulation; and, campus access and parking. the suggested campus improvements focus on renovating existing buildings and enhancing the campus landscape to promote more activity in the outdoor environment. the transformation of the thompson library to an information commons setting promotes a more vibrant hub of student activity along a new pedestrian route linking riverfront center to the core campus and beyond to the existing campus residence hall. the plan emphasizes connections both on campus and to downtown flint. pathways and roadways are realigned to promote direct links across major streets and the flint river, and parking resources are rationalized into a more logical system.
the master plan consists of three overall frameworks: (1) development framework; (2) open space framework; and (3) the campus circulation framework. given its central location in downtown flint, the university contributes to the overall civic structure of the city. the master plan also makes general recommendations about city spaces outside the boundaries of the university that will positively benefit the institution and the city.
22
ma
ster
plan
proposed building opportunity sites
n0 200
a
b
c
d
harriso
n
kearsley
first
23
ma
ster
plan
Development Frameworkproposed development sitesalthough the space analysis does not indicate a need for additional space in most categories, the master plan locates four new building sites well suited to accommodate new program if needed in the future. buildings or building additions located on these sites would reinforce the existing building use pattern and contribute to the larger campus through the formation of new landscape spaces. four potential building sites are identified in the master plan: 1) adjacent to the white building; 2) recreation center expansion; 3) murchie science building addition; and 4) new residence hall. potential program is suggested for all building sites with the exception of the site adjacent to the white building.
A. White Building – Adjacent Sitethe proposed building would provide a companion to the white building that relates back to the campus south of the flint river. it defines a new open space, and the building also helps to give order to the recreation fields and park-like environment proposed along the north side of the river. proposed uses for this building might include an academic use that is complimentary to those in white, a new location for the genesee early college program, or a mixed use building with academic, recreation and student life programs housed in one place. the site has a capacity of approximately 80,000 gross square feet (gsf) assuming a 20,000 gsf footprint and a four-story height.
B. Recreation Center Expansionthe existing recreation center provides space for fitness activities, intramural sports, and swimming. while the space is large enough to accommodate the 10,000 hc target enrollment, the emphasis on health and wellness may demand higher quality facilities. the existing parking lot north of the building is a logical expansion site for a new field house or other indoor recreation facility.
C. Murchie Science Building Additionthe murchie science building (msb) is currently undergoing renovation to upgrade the classrooms and teaching labs. should additional dry or wet lab space be required beyond the current inventory, an addition either attached to or adjacent to msb is proposed at the east end of the building. this building addition is envisioned to enclose the drop-off zone in front of university center and the recreation center to create a more well-defined quad. this new quad is envisioned as a more pedestrian friendly gathering space and arrival portal for bus services.
D. New Residence Hallsimilar to the 2003 campus master plan, the 2011 update illustrates a residence hall opposite the first street residence hall. the proposed residence hall is of a similar size to the existing 310-bed residence hall and will define a residential courtyard.
Department of Public Safetythe department of public safety (dps) facilities are currently located in multiple locations and are inadequate, cramped and inefficient. as part of this master plan update, criteria were developed to evaluate possible sites including the following:
• accommodate the proposed building program (12,000 to 15,000 square feet) and related 40 parking spaces (20 spaces for public safety vehicles, 5 visitor spaces, and 15 staff spaces)
• provide good access to campus facilities on both sides of the flint river
• be proximate to residence life buildings
• be visible to the general public
• avoid conflict with sites identified in the master plan update for academic and residential land uses
• reinforce campus urban design through appropriate building design and location.
four general locations were identified as possibilities including:
1. harrison ramp/parking lot t
2. international institute property
3. hubbard building
4. perry property.
of these four locations, two sites best meet the desired criteria: the harrison ramp/parking lot t area and the international institute property. the next steps in the architectural review process are:
1. conduct focus group meeting(s) with department of public safety (dps) stakeholders to fully understand programming needs for the facility;
2. identify whether a renovation or new build best meets the needs of dps and the university; and
3. determine probable cost for such a project.
24
ma
ster
plan
proposed renovation projects
a
c
d
b
n0 200
harriso
n
sagin
aw
kearsley
first
25
ma
ster
plan
renovations and additionsthe master plan update describes three building renovation projects: thompson library, riverfront center, and the harrison street parking deck.
A. Thompson Librarythompson library, completed in 1994, is one of the most iconic buildings on campus. built to complement the modern architecture of the late 1970s, the building celebrates its riverside location with a 3-story glass study space facing the water. a beacon at night, this space is also a function space for major university gatherings.
there is a significant opportunity to transform the library from its current traditional model to a more technology-rich information commons environment. conversion of the first floor study space into a more social, group study and reference section would enliven the ground floor. this conversion would require an internal reorganization of the library, essentially flipping the current uses on the third floor with the uses on the first floor, and consolidating stack space. bridge network users could still use a secondary entry on the third level or walk down the stairs to gain access to a new primary entry on the ground floor. primary access from the ground level could promote greater use of the library, provide another central gathering point for the um-flint community, and better activate the outdoor spaces within the academic core.
a potential addition is shown on harrison street facade of the library in keeping with the orignal expansion plans for the building. the potential addition is reserved for future library or academic purposes. future uses in the addition should be coordinated with the pedestrian improvements linking the campus to the riverfront center.
B. Riverfront Centerum-flint is now a lessor of residential and academic space in riverfront center. um-flint residential students occupy close to 200 beds in the center. the school of management (som) will be occupying the riverfront lower floors and plans indicate a renovation of close to 25,000 square feet to accommodate som.
C. Harrison Street Parking Garageon the kearsley street side of the parking garage, there is occupiable space that is currently being used as storage space. given this corner’s key location at one of the gateways to the um-flint campus from downtown, this space could be better utilized for a more public, active use. the space has been looked at as a possible location for department of public safety, but other retail or student service options may also be viable.
D. Pavilion Expansionwhile technically not a renovation project, an extension of the pavilion towards kearsley street would replace a blank facade of the building with a potential active use, such as bookstore expansion or informal food service linked to outdoor seating. such an improvement would foster a stronger connection between campus and the downtown improvements focused on saginaw street.
first
26
ma
ster
plan
the library lies at the crossroads of projected pedestrian routes which extend through the central quad of the campus connecting student housing, the william s white building and downtown flint
completed in 1994, thompson library is a signature building on campus. built to complement the modern architecture of the late 1970s, the building celebrates its riverside location with a 3-story glass study space facing the water. diagrams on the opposite page summarize a conceptual reorganization of building spaces.
library
27
ma
ster
plan
first floor
existing library floor plan proposed library floor plan
second floor
third floor
the proposed building renovation puts more active uses on the ground floor and quieter spaces on the third floor, and consolidates stack space. conversion of the first floor study space into a more social, group study and reference section would enliven the ground floor.
Quiet study
stacks
stacks stacks
study
micro-forms
informationcommons
new entrance @ 1st floor
circ.
stacks study mechanical/core office library-related initiatives
tech services
tech services
28
ma
ster
plan
proposed open space elements
flin
t ri
ver
corr
ido
r
recreation fields
campus street
Quad
n0 400
river green
willson park
29
ma
ster
plan
Open Space Framework the existing hierarchy of open space on the campus ranges from the regional scale of the flint river and the flint river trail system to the building scale of campus courtyards and quadrangles. the proposed system is intended to improve connections between spaces and provide order to undefined zones of the campus, primarily north of the flint river. it is also designed to connect to the broader vision for open space along the flint river corridor and to the flint park system.
the open space framework illustrates improvements to the following areas:
• flint river corridor and river green
• recreation fields
• campus Quads and courtyards
• campus streets
flint river corridor and river greenlocation of the campus along the flint river corridor has its opportunities and constraints. many campus buildings, particularly thompson library, have attractive views to the river landscape and trail network. the grassy banks provide a bucolic setting for the university in contrast to the business district of downtown flint. the hamilton dam once served as a pedestrian bridge across the river uniting the north and south sides of campus, but is now closed due to deterioration. a second pedestrian bridge exists, providing connections between the central campus and north campus along a somewhat indirect route. several restoration
strategies for the dam have been proposed, but consensus and funding continue to challenge repairing the dam.
the master plan proposes the creation of a central river green framed by a future building and the white building on the north side of the river and defined by the thompson library, french hall, and the university center on the south side. as envisioned, the green embraces the river as a central landscape feature with views to its banks and the campus spaces to the north and south of the river. views to the river from the central campus area would be dramatically improved by reduction of the height of the tall retaining wall located on the south bank of the river. any regional river restoration efforts should not encumber this zone with vegetation or flood structures that may comprise the goals for this space. a reopened pedestrian bridge would further strengthen the impact of this unifying landscape area.
in addition to the river green, the master plan open space framework recommends the removal of remnant roadways and industrial artifacts along the north side of the river. in their place, a new pastoral park-like environment with walking and biking trails is proposed to connect to the city park system to the east and west of campus.
30
ma
ster
plan
proposed recreation field district
recreation fieldsa new recreation field district is proposed along the north side of the river adjacent to the white building. since there is no projected need for additional buildings to serve the target enrollment, the development of a recreational field district gives purpose to the land and provides a much needed resource for the university. um-flint currently has no outdoor recreation facilities. the proposed district includes two multi-purpose turf fields and one baseball/softball diamond. with the increase in the residential population, there is a documented demand for playfields and intramural sports. these fields could be part of a university/city partnership where the community comes on campus to participate in field sports.
n0 200
campus Quads and courtyardsthe original campus plan was successful in creating a network of quads and courtyards that define the context for each of the buildings and establishes a positive spatial quality for the campus. however, one of the most common observations made about the campus is the lack of people seen in these spaces. there are several factors that contribute to the current lack of activity in the quads and courtyard spaces:
• a successful internal bridge network provides an accessible, protected route through many of the buildings on campus;
• michigan winters make the connected internal network even more appealing;
• current use of the rooms/spaces that line the quads and courtyards tend to be “quiet” and internally focused (e.g., office space, indoor pool, labs), and, therefore, do not generate foot traffic;
• the campus landscape, while beautiful, does not promote outdoor gathering;
• building entrances are hidden and wayfinding is complicated; access to some buildings is oriented to the bridge network (third floor) rather than the ground floor.
31
ma
ster
plan
kearsley street is designed as a campus street
in the master plan update the quads and courtyards are modified to respond to pedestrian desire lines, allow views into and out of campus, provide better options for outdoor gathering, and improve interior / exterior spatial relationships. the plan focuses on improvements to existing quads and courtyards and recommends a new courtyard space within the first street residence hall cluster.
campus streetsbuilding on the success of kearsley street as a tree-lined, campus street, the master plan update suggests that harrison street be converted from a four-lane, one-way street to a two-lane, two-way street with parallel parking on both sides. the street dimension remains the same to prevent the need for moving stormwater structures and other utilities. at intersections, the curb line is realigned to keep traffic moving at a slower pace, to provide safer pedestrian crossings, and to provide space for tree plantings. harrison street is realigned at its north terminus to provide a new campus entrance from saginaw street, as well as more direct connections to the major parking area proposed to the north of the white building.
32
ma
ster
plan
Campus Circulation Systemscampus circulation systems in the updated campus master plan provide safer and more convenient movement within the campus and connections to the adjacent downtown.
pedestrian circulationthe pedestrian circulation network at um-flint involves two distinct systems: an interior bridge network connecting most campus buildings together at the second and third levels, and an exterior walkway network leading to building entrances, downtown flint and the river. the bridge network is a primary route for the university community and the plan does not seek to jeopardize its convenience and function. it is recommended, however, that the use of the exterior walkway network be reinforced by creating improved connections between the two systems at two locations in the core of the campus:
1. at the library by way of a new entrance at grade level. as previously described, an information commons on the first floor of the library will generate more pedestrian traffic at that level and in turn increase vertical movement to and from the bridge system.
2
bridge level/exterior walkway connections at the library and university center#
library
uc
1
2. at the university center. currently, there is no direct vertical connection between the bridge/dining level of the center and the adjacent courtyard. the addition of an inviting vertical stair connection will serve to draw pedestrian traffic through the courtyard to the bridge level at the center and vice versa.
the adjacent proposed pedestrian circulation plan illustrates new walkway segments.
33
ma
ster
plan
proposed pedestrian circulation
n0 400
kearsley
first
i-475
sagin
aw
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
n
a
b
de
f
g
c
a. improved pedestrian connection from core campus to the pavilion and riverfront center
b. new pedestrian bridge
c. improved/new sidewalks and crosswalks along realigned harrison street
d. new walkways connecting parking area to campus walkways
e. flint river walkway
f. future north commons walkways
g. improved campus/downtown gateway
34
ma
ster
plan
improved pedestrian connection to riverfront center and the pavilion including a crosswalk at harrison street
existing pedestrian connection between the core campus area and the pavilion and riverfront center
Connections to the University Pavilion, Northbank Building and Riverfront Centerthe university’s expansion to include facilities to the west of harrison street and saginaw street does not include safe pedestrian routes from the core campus. currently, pedestrians walk through service alleys and across streets without the protection of crosswalks. the master plan update proposes improved connections from the core campus to the university pavilion, northbank building, and riverfront center. these enhancements include expanding sidewalks,
planting trees, removing site walls and other impediments, and adding and relocating crosswalks. two new crosswalks are proposed to facilitate movement to the university pavilion and riverfront center in particular. these include a crosswalk on harrison street at the state office building and a new crosswalk on saginaw linking the university pavilion to riverfront center. efforts to better connect these buildings to the core campus are intended to improve pedestrian safety and enhance the connectivity of the university community with downtown flint.
35
ma
ster
plan
improved campus gateway at kearsley and harrison streets
existing campus gateway at kearsley and harrison streets
Downtown Gatewaythe gateway to the campus from downtown flint occurs at the corner of kearsley street and harrison street. the master plan recommends enhancements to this gateway that include the removal of existing site walls, light poles, and concrete pavers and replacing them with a more logical, inviting design that allows views into campus.
Thompson Library Routethe construction of the first street residence hall and the recent lease of riverfront center on saginaw street have resulted in a new pattern of movement across and through the campus. the thompson library lies at the center of this new pedestrian route which extends through the central quad of the campus. assuming the hamilton dam pedestrian crossing is reopened, a third arm to the route will provide access across the river to the white building.
36
ma
ster
plan
proposed bicycle circulation
bicycle circulationto ensure that a comprehensive circulation system emerges over time, the master plan update takes into consideration the bicycle routes proposed in downtown flint. the intent is to provide a number of campus access options with the goal of reducing single occupancy vehicle use. bicycle routes are extended through the campus along the river corridor. the routes proposed in the master plan update are designated bike lanes within the roadway.
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
n
sagin
aw
kearsley
first
i-475
master plan proposed route
city of flint
paved path
suggested bike route
marginal bike route
n0 300
37
ma
ster
plan
#
proposed campus transit
existing shuttle stop
existing one-way shuttle route
alternative two-way shuttle loop
transit the campus is currently served by both the um-flint shuttle and city of flint bus services. these routes are taken into consideration and suggestions are made for modifying the routes in response to the proposed roadway changes in the master plan. if harrison street is opened to two-way traffic, a more direct transit route could circulate between the university center and the white building. this route would reduce wait times and ride times and facilitate use of the remote parking lots north of the river. new bus stops are proposed to provide a better transit user experience.
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
n
sagin
aw
kearsley
first
i-475
n0 300
38
ma
ster
plan
existing conditions on harrison street
vehicular circulation and parkingthe vehicular circulation system keeps cars at the periphery of the campus with the exception of harrison street which bisects the university pavilion from the core area. parking is provided in structures and in parking lots located on the edges of campus. kearsley street cuts through campus, but it was designed as a slow-traffic-speed street. the master plan makes two significant alterations to the vehicular circulation system: (1) the conversion of harrison street from an arterial to a more campus-friendly street, and (2) the realignment of harrison street north of the flint river to create a new campus gateway near the white building and provide more efficient and direct access to the main surface parking facility.
39
ma
ster
plan
proposed vehicular circulation and campus gateways
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
n
sagin
aw
kearsley
first
i-475
campus-oriented streets
city streets
campus gatewaysn0 400
40
ma
ster
plan
proposed harrison street modifications
existing conditions on harrison street modifications
Harrison Street Conversion to a Campus Streetharrison street is part of a one-way pair of streets that run northwest to southeast through downtown flint. the street was once the western boundary of the campus, but the university now utilizes several buildings to the west of harrison street including the university pavilion, northbank center, and riverfront center. harrison street was originally designed to handle traffic volumes that are significantly higher than current demands. the master plan recommends that the street be converted from its one-way, four-lane
configuration to a two-way, two-lane street with parallel parking on either side. similar to kearsley street, harrison street is considered in the master plan as a public street serving city and campus traffic and incorporating sidewalks, street trees and cross walks that improve the streetscape and pedestrian safety.
the main entrance of the university pavilion parking garage (upav) is located on harrison street and is designed to accommodate entering traffic moving in a northwest direction only. this entrance is altered in the master plan to
41
ma
ster
plan
proposed harrison street modifications and new campus gateway
accept traffic from both directions with minimal modification. specifically, the entrance would be limited to one lane with an extension of the brick wall across the now-closed second lane, and the existing median would be removed to accommodate traffic from both directions.
New Campus Gateway on Saginaw Streetthe conversion of harrison street to two-way traffic and its realignment north of the flint river creates a new campus gateway on saginaw street. the realignment of harrison street allows traffic from both directions on saginaw to
sag
ina
w
ha
rrison
university
avenue
white building
access the campus at a logical point proximate to available parking and walkways, and aligns with university avenue which leads to hurley medical center and kettering university. a new internal campus roadway connecting saginaw street to robert t longway boulevard provides safe, efficient access to the reconfigured parking lot as well as a future drop-off at the multi-purpose building site.
42
ma
ster
plan
proposed parking resources
Parking according to calculated demand and existing supply data (current supply = 3,315 spaces), there is a small surplus of parking spaces on campus (309 spaces). planned parking improvements will increase the surplus to 689 spaces. although there is an actual surplus, there may be a perceived deficit due to the fact that the vacant spaces are in the least convenient lots (lots r and s north of the river). improved pedestrian, bicycle and transit connections are intended to address this situation.
once the target enrollment of 10,000 hc is reached, there is an estimated deficit of close to 220 spaces. to accommodate this calculated need (= 3,817 spaces), it is recommended that the university explore shared parking options including
+29
+95
+165
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
n
sagin
aw
kearsley
first
i-475
post office
downtowngarage
flint journal
n0 300 campus surface parking
campus parking garages
partnerships with the post office, flint journal, and new downtown flint parking garages. the master plan does not recommend investing in new parking structures to accommodate this need.
the redesign of the surface parking area in the northwestern corner of campus allows for the use of bioswales to manage stormwater. bioswales are a more sustainable alternative to conventional curb and gutter systems. trees located within the swales will provide some shade and also create a more aesthetically pleasing environment.
riverfront center
43
ma
ster
plan
university of michigan - flint is one of several institutions in the flint metropolitan area that contributes to successful revitalization efforts occurring in the region
CIVIC STRUCTUREthe success of recent downtown revitalization efforts has benefited the university and, likewise, enhancements to the university campus have benefited downtown. it is recommended that the university continue to support efforts to regenerate downtown and stabilize residential neighborhoods near campus.
the master plan considers the campus in the context of several proposed and ongoing initiatives in downtown flint such as the flint river corridor plans, cultural center enhancements, and hurley medical center improvements. the master plan also suggests ideas for qualitative changes to two specific areas in downtown: riverfront park and a new downtown park/plaza in the surface parking lot adjacent to
hurley medical center
ketteringuniversity
cultural center
mottcommunity college
downtown
the mott building. comprehensive studies and designs for these two areas based on a joint effort between the city and the university would yield coordinated improvements beneficial to the flint community and university community.
44
ma
ster
plan
proposed redesign of pavilion site
removal of some existing walls in riverfront park could improve visibility of the river and enhance the areas usefulness for passive recreation
riverbank park – south side of the riverriverbank park and its restoration have been studied by others extensively. the master plan update suggests a strategy for filling in some of the defunct canals, removing site walls, and opening up views to the river from the existing ice rink site. ultimately, the ice rink may be removed to provide a more passive park space and open up views to the river. proposed plans for revitilization of riverfront park could include more open green areas for passive recreation, better views of the river, continuation of the regional bike route under the harrison and saginaw street bridges, reduced maintenance costs, and improved security.
riverfront
passive recreation
regional bikeway
passive recreation
flint river
universitypavilion
45
ma
ster
plan
proposed redesign of downtown surface lot
downtown squarethe central surface parking lot along saginaw street, between kearsley street and first street, is an ideal space for a downtown square given its location relative to the new restaurants and businesses along saginaw and the location of the campus. the conceptual diagram for the downtown square illustrated in the master plan transforms less than half of the existing parking lot into a new urban park and gathering space. specifically, the design transforms the zone along saginaw street into a park and plaza space with a central pavilion for performances, markets, and other community gatherings. at the front door of the campus, this new civic space is envisioned to provide a vibrant heart for downtown flint and serve as a critical link between the university and downtown. the downtown square concept is linked to the campus gateway proposed at the intersection of harrison and kearsley streets.
market plaza
existing parking
performance / passive recreation lawn
sagin
aw street
streetscape improvementsthe continued improvement of streetscapes surrounding the campus is important to the character of both the university and the city. in general, it is recommended that such improvements continue but with specific emphasis on harrison street. as noted in the campus circulation systems section, harrison street is transformed in the master plan to become a campus street featuring new crosswalks, on-street parking and street trees.
46
imple
me
nta
tion
kearsley street as it weaves through campus
47
imple
me
nta
tion
implementationthis campus master plan update summarizes distinct projects that can be implemented over time as funding becomes available. a comprehensive list of the proposed projects can
be found below.
48
imple
me
nta
tion
n0 400
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
n
sagin
aw
first
kearsley
i-475
a
b
c
f
g
h
i
k
l
m
n
o
s
r p
Q
i
t
j
d
e
49
imple
me
nta
tion
Building Projectsnewa. building site adjacent to white building
b. recreational sports expansion
c. science lab building
d. residence hall
e. university pavilion expansion along saginaw and kearsley streets
renovationf. thompson library
g. riverfront center (ongoing)
h. harrison street parking garage storage space
Site Improvement Projectsi. harrison street realignment and streetscape improvements
j. campus gateway @ harrison and kearsley streets
k. northwest parking district rearrangement
l. recreational sports fields
m. north commons
n. flint river park (north side)
o. river edge (south side)
p. south commons
Q. promenade – pedestrian connection from library to riverfront center
r. library plaza (dependent on library renovation)
Civic Projectss. renovated riverbank park (south side)
t. city park on surface lot @ harrison and saginaw streets
50
susta
ina
bilit
y
51
susta
ina
bilit
y
sustainabilitymany colleges and universities across the country have begun to establish methodologies for measuring their impact on the environment, and to set targets for limiting their contribution to climate change. the university of michigan-flint does not yet have a coordinated strategy to track activities related to sustainability. the university of michigan-flint facilities management office now lists projects that impact the university’s energy and water use on their website, which is an excellent start. the intent of this section is to record current um-flint resource flows and documented sustainability efforts, and to provide resources for more information on target setting and sustainability planning. an established methodology will assist in developing awareness in the university community of the sustainability efforts on campus.
52
susta
ina
bilit
y
Potable Waterum-flint has an average annual water consumption of 27,319,200 gallons.1 this volume of water would fill more than forty one olympic-sized swimming pools. um-flint has implemented the following water-saving efforts:
• irrigation upgrade will reduce water usage by 35% or more (upcoming)
• replacement of lab air unit in murchie science building (fy2010)
» new unit operates on a 8/1 ratio vs. 2/1 ratio
» air cooled, not water cooled; annual savings of 350,000 gallons of water
• installation of new air conditioning units at northbank center and murchie science (fy2009)
» eliminated use of cooling tower
» savings of an estimated 78,000 gallons of water.2
the university could also look into the development of storm and rain water management techniques for promoting groundwater recharge. exploring stormwater capture for irrigation use would further reduce potable water consumption.
Energyum-flint consumes 24,984,990 kwh of electricity annually and 160,620 mbtus of natural gas annually.3 um-flint facilities office has planned or implemented the following energy-saving efforts:
• consumers energy retro commissioning (upcoming)
» survey to recommend modifications to existing controls
» modifications typically have a payback of two years or less and a savings up to 15%
• led walkway lights (fy 2011)
» along the flint river and willson park
» expected to save $1600 annually in utility costs and last between 7-10 years without requiring service
• new air dampers in university center (fy2011)
» reduce the amount of energy required to heat and cool the building
1. source: facilities management office, 2010 data.2. http://www.umflint.edu/facilities/sustainability.htm3. source: facilities management office, 2010 data.
• replacement of lab vacuum in murchie science building (fy2011)
» more efficient; air-cooled and uses less horse power than previous vacuum (5hp v. 7.5hp)
• replacement of university center hot water heater (fy2011)
» instantaneous hot water heat; 100% efficient
• city water booster pump bypass (fy2011)
» campus stream trap survey (fy2010)
» annual savings of up to $3,500 per repaired stream trap
• new boiler feed pumps (fy2010)
» better efficiency (88.6% vs. 80%)
• co2 sensors (fy2009)
» allow for accurate mixture of outside air with building air for air quality and comfort
» can improve energy efficiency
• new variable frequency drives (vfds) (fy2009)
» installed in french hall, recreational center, murchie science, university center and university pavilion
» eliminate wasteful use of energy
• ceramic coating on chilled water and steam piping in university center (fy2009)
» insulates pipes
• new ballasts and lamps across campus (fy2009)
» replaced metal halide lighting with efficient electric t-8 models
» replaced 175 watt fixtures with compact fluorescent lamps
» estimated annual savings of $37,471 in rec center alone
• central energy plant economizer (fy2009)
» heat exchanger on boiler stack.4
preliminary research into the potential for using renewable energy sources in the flint, michigan region indicates a marginal effectiveness for wind power. solar power is not an obvious source of power as the solar income in michigan is (3-4 kwh/m2/day). however, much of europe has a similar solar income and the europeans are leaders in the photovoltaic industry. investing in more tangible solutions to reducing energy use may be in the university’s best interest before exploring solar technologies.
4. http://www.umflint.edu/facilities/sustainability.htm
53
susta
ina
bilit
y
when planning for the construction of new buildings, it is important to be aware of the energy use implications of different building types. energy use intensity (eui) is a unit of measurement that describes a building’s energy use. eui represents the energy consumed by a building relative to its size. a building’s eui is calculated by taking the total energy consumed in one year (measured in kbtu) and dividing it by the total floor space of the building.5 laboratory buildings have a higher average eui (300kbtus/sf/yr) than other types of campus buildings, such as office buildings (100kbtus/sf/yr). as um-flint sets targets for energy reduction, average eui targets should be assigned to each building type.
in general, energy reduction strategies fall into two categories: energy demand and energy supply. below are some suggested strategies to reduce energy use campus-wide:
energy demand• conservation and education
• space allocation efficiency (space>energy)
• generation efficiency
• efficiency in existing buildings
• continuous building monitoring
• eui targets for renovation
• eui targets for new construction
• alternative transportation
energy supply• transition fuel sources
• increase use of natural gas
• assess cogeneration opportunities
• increase renewable purchases
• on-site renewable opportunities.
5. source: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=buildingcontest.eui
Emissionsum-flint has not completed an emissions inventory. no emissions data was available for analysis.
as the primary unit of measuring impact on climate change, many institutions have begun to track their greenhouse gas emissions from campus operations. the american college & university presidents’ climate commitment is one program that has established a record-keeping process for completing an emissions inventory and setting reduction targets with a goal of climate neutrality. um-flint is not a signatory of the commitment; however, the acupcc website is an excellent resource for understanding the framework of climate action planning as a measure of sustainability efforts on a campus.
Materials/Wasteno specific measures of material use or waste production were readily available at um-flint to use as a baseline.
other institutions are looking at solid waste production, recycling, and composting activities for ways to reduce waste generation on campus. procurement practices and food sources provide other opportunities to affect a campus’ sustainability targets. identifying local markets for resources, goods, and food reduces fuel consumption for the overall transport of goods.
Established Systems for Monitor-ing Sustainabilityto assist institutions with sustainability planning, several professional organizations have defined standards and best management practices (bmps) for sustainable development. the advantages of these “set processes” are that they provide a framework for adopting the best sustainable strategies and allow for a network of institutions to exchange information. the most recognized ones are:
aashe-stars the association for the advancement of sustainability in higher education (aashe)6 is an association of colleges and universities that are working to create a sustainable future. the sustainability tracking, assessment & rating system (stars)7 resulted from an aashe-led collaborative effort to develop a standardized instrument by which higher education institutions could measure their progress toward sustainability and achieve recognition. using this self-assessment and rating system, institutions can benchmark
6. source: http://www.aashe.org/about7. source: http://stars.aashe.org/
54
susta
ina
bilit
y
their sustainability progress over time and compare the results with others. participants qualify for different levels of recognition based on level of accomplishment.8
aashe presents the most comprehensive approach for sustainable planning by covering “education & research”, “operations” and “planning, administration & engagement”. the council for christian colleges & university (cccu) is a founding partner for the aashe-stars rating systems.9
acupccthe american college & university president’s climate commitment (acupcc)10 is a high-visibility effort to address global climate disruption. the acupcc is a network of signatory colleges and universities that have made institutional commitments to eliminate net greenhouse gas emissions from specified campus operations, and to promote the research and educational efforts of higher education to equip society to re-stabilize the earth’s climate. its mission is to accelerate progress towards climate neutrality and sustainability by empowering the higher education sector to educate students, create solutions, and provide leadership-by-example for the rest of society.
the acupcc provides a framework and support for america’s colleges and universities to implement comprehensive plans in pursuit of climate neutrality. acupcc institutions have agreed to:
• complete an emissions inventory.
• within two years, set a target date and interim milestones for becoming climate neutral.
• take immediate steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by choosing from a list of short-term actions.
• integrate sustainability into the curriculum and make it part of the educational experience.
• make the action plan, inventory and progress reportspublicly available.
the acupcc focus is on climate action planning.
8. a stars technical manual has been recently published and is available at http://www.aashe.org/files/documents/stars/stars_1.0_technical_manual.pdf
9. http://www.cccu.org/news/new_measurement_of_campus_sustainability
10. http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/
leeddeveloped by the u.s. green building council (usgbc),11 leed provides building owners and operators a concise framework for identifying and implementing practical and measurable green building design, construction, operations and maintenance solutions.
leed has become the standard in the usa for certified sustainable buildings. many colleges and universities have adopted leed silver or equivalent or leed plus as a policy for sustainable buildings.12
architecture 2030architecture 203013 is a non-profit, non-partisan and independent organization established in response to the global-warming crisis by architect edward mazria in 2002. the 2030 challenge’s goal is for buildings to be carbon neutral by 2030 by asking the global architecture and building community to adopt specific targets:
• as of 2009, all new buildings, developments and major renovations shall be designed to meet a fossil fuel, ghg-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.
• at a minimum, an equal amount of existing building area shall be renovated annually to meet a fossil fuel, ghg-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.
• the fossil fuel reduction standard for all new buildings and major renovations shall be increased to: 60% in 2010, 70% in 2015, 80% in 2020, and 90% in 2025, carbon-neutral in 2030 (using no fossil fuel ghg emitting energy to operate).
11. the u.s. green building council is a 501(c)(3) non-profit communities of leaders working to make green buildings available to everyone within a generation.12. the apucc outlines as an option for early action to “establish a policy that all new campus construction will be built to at least the u.s. green building council’s leed silver standard or equivalent.” source: http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/about/commitment13. source: http://www.architecture2030.org/about.php
55
susta
ina
bilit
y
green globes®green globes®14 is a green building guidance and assessment program that offers an effective, practical and affordable way to advance the overall environmental performance and sustainability of commercial buildings. green globes is published by the green building initiative (gbi), a nonprofit based in portland, or. the green building initiative™ was originally conceived as a way to bring green building into the mainstream by helping local home builder associations (hbas) develop green building programs modeled after the national association of home builders’ (nahb) model green home building guidelines. while developing a strategic partnership with the nahb, an opportunity emerged to bring a revolutionary learning tool developed in canada to commercial builders in the united states. near the end of 2004, the gbi finalized an agreement to bring the green globes™ environmental assessment and rating tool into the u.s. market.15
green globes competes with leed as a rating. many environmentalists view green globes with suspicion, owing to the extensive financial support gbi receives from the vinyl, chemical, and wood industries. the gbi is getting some traction of its own: six states and a couple of federal agencies recognize green globes as an alternative to leed for government buildings. but the alternative system suffered a blow when the general services administration, the landlord of the federal government’s huge real-estate portfolio, studied competing ratings systems and called leed “the most appropriate and credible sustainable building rating system available.”16
14. http://www.thegbi.org/green-globes/15. http://www.thegbi.org/about-gbi/16. swope, christopher, “the green gianthow a single nonprofit —the u.s. green building council— defines sustainability for the nation.” from: architect may 2007 posted on: may 7, 2007 http://www.architectmagazine.com/green-standards/the-green-giant.aspx?page=
sustainable sites (sites)the sustainable sites initiative17 is an interdisciplinary effort by the american society of landscape architects, the lady bird johnson wildflower center and the united states botanic garden to create voluntary national guidelines and performance benchmarks for sustainable site design, construction and maintenance practices. the focus of the ssi system is on protection and enhancement of ecosystem services which include global climate regulation, local climate regulation, air and water cleansing, water supply and regulation, erosion and sediment control, hazard mitigation, pollination, habitat functions, waste decomposition and treatment, human health and well-being benefits, food and renewable non-food products and cultural benefits.
the um-flint’s urban alternatives house was selected to participate in the sites two-year pilot program (june 2010 – june 2012) which will test the new sustainable landscape rating system. the urban alternatives house sits on a half-acre of tax foreclosed property in the carriage town neighborhood and close to the university of michigan – flint campus. the project was selected based on its extensive sustainable practices used in landscape maintenance and design, specifically: removing invasive trees from the site, developing a landscape that includes space for food production, native plantings, rain gardens and managing rainwater on site.18
17. source: http://www.sustainablesites.org/18. http://burtonview.mihomepaper.com/news/2010-05-27/viewpoint/urban_alternatives_house_will_test_sustainable_lan.html
56
susta
ina
bilit
y
existing conditions illustrative
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
n
sagin
awfirst
kearsley
i-475
b
a
c
e
d
f
g
h
i
j
m
l
k
a william s white building
b northbank center
c riverfront center
d university pavilion
e thompson library
f french theater
g french hall
h university center
i recreation building
j murchie science building
k first street residence hall
l central energy plant
m hubbard buildingn0 400
57
susta
ina
bilit
y
proposed master plan illustrative
a william s white building
b northbank center
c riverfront center
d university pavilion
e thompson library
f french theater
g french hall
h university center
i recreation building
j murchie science building
k first street residence hall
l central energy plant
m hubbard buildingn0 400
robert t longway boulevard
harriso
n
sagin
aw
first
kearsley
i-475
1
2
3
45
67
1 multi-purpose building
2 recreation expansion
3 science lab addition
4 residence hall
5 library renovations
6 pavilion addition
7 garage renovation
