Campus Law Enforcement as a Problem SolverInstructor

Terminal Objective

Upon completion of this module, the participant will have a basic understanding of five problem solving models and how to apply the models to the role of a school based law enforcement officer.

Enabling Objectives

Identify the four steps of SARA Apply the SARA model to a scenario Describe Ockham's Razor Describe the Problem Analysis Triangle Recognize the 25 techniques of Situational

Crime Prevention Describe what a decision tree consists of

and how it benefits Campus Law Enforcement

Campus Law Enforcement as a Problem Solver

Campus Law Enforcement job consists of solving problems everyday Reaction to problems Prevention of problems

What kind of problems are there in schools? Drugs, violence, bullying, etc.

Problem Solving Models

Problem solving models include: Ockham’s (Occam’s) razor SARA model Problem Analysis Triangle Situational Crime Prevention Decision Trees

Ockham’s Razor

All other things equal, a simpler explanation is better than a more complex one. Example:

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Is it easier to install effective lighting, or Hire multiple individuals to stand watch through rotating

shifts at your unlit entrance

What are some examples of Ockham’s Razor being applied in schools?

SARA Model

Overview S-canning A-nalysis R-esponse A-ssessment

SARA Model (cont.)

Scanning: Identify recurring problems Prioritize problems

Analysis: Identify and understand events and conditions

surrounding problem Narrow the scope of the problem

SARA Model (cont.)

Response: Brainstorm for intervention Search how other schools have addressed

similar problems Implement planned response

Assessment: Analyze pre- and post- response data Determine whether goals were met

Problem Analysis Triangle

Problem Analysis Triangle (cont.)

Visual aid to determine course of action Example:

Students are fighting during lunch behind the cafeteria

Having a teacher (handler/manager/guardian) monitor students coming and going from cafeteria removes the availability of the place

Situational Crime Prevention

Problem Triangle helps analyze problem SCP provides framework for intervention

by: Increasing the effort to commit crime Increasing the risks for committing crime Reducing rewards from crime Removing excuses used to rationalize Reducing provocations that incite offenders

25 Techniques of Crime Prevention

Situational Crime Prevention (cont.)

Decision Tree

Tool for choosing between alternatives Useful for dealing with uncommon

problems in schools Problems that Campus Law Enforcement

don’t deal with often Provides a step-by-step process for solution Ensures Campus Law Enforcement doesn’t

miss important steps

Decision Tree (cont.)Is the person a danger to self or others

Transport to common ground for assessment

Is the person in need of immediate medial attention

Is the contact taking place in normal business hours

Transport to Common ground for 24/7 observation

Transport to nearest hospital ER

Choose the most convenient option

Transport to Core Provider nearest your location

Transport to Common Ground at …..

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Practicum

Scenario #1 Sometime during school hours (i.e., between

classes/during lunch/etc.) students or outsiders are spraying graffiti around campus. A teacher also reports smelling marijuana when walking to class.

Apply each level of SARA. What steps will you take to solve the problem during each: scanning, analysis, response, and assessment?

Practicum (cont.)

Scenario #2 Your school is experiencing many thefts of the

vending machines. Students or outsiders are breaking into the machine for merchandise and cash.

Apply the techniques of Situational Crime Prevention to come up with solutions.

Open Discussion

What specific problems do you face in your ISD?

How may these problems be solved?

References

Popcenter.org www.physics.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/

Notes_www/node10.html www.mindtools.com/dectree.html