CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&&Aperture& › 2017 › 09 › camera-functions-a… ·...

5
Camera Functions Aperture Aperture is the lens opening inside a lens. The size of the diaphragm opening in a camera lens REGULATES amount of light passes through onto the sensor inside the camera. Aperture size is counted in fstops. i.e. those little numbers engraved on the lens barrel like: f22 , f16, f11, f8.0, f5.6, f4.0, f2.8, f2.0, f/1.8 etc. Each of these represents the amount of light that enters your camera, either more or less in quantity. Meaning to say, f/16 will let in more light than the opening of f/22 and so forth; while on the other hand, an aperture of f/4.0 will let less light than that of f/2.8 etc. How This Works: The BIGGER the FStop # (the smaller diaphragm opening) the more is in FOCUS! The SMALLER the FStop # (the bigger the diaphragm opening) the less in FOCUS!

Transcript of CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&&Aperture& › 2017 › 09 › camera-functions-a… ·...

Page 1: CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&&Aperture& › 2017 › 09 › camera-functions-a… · CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&Aperture& & Aperture&is&thelens&openinginsidealens.&Thesizeof&thediaphragm&opening&in&a&camera&lens

Camera  Functions                            Aperture    Aperture  is  the  lens  opening  inside  a  lens.  The  size  of  the  diaphragm  opening  in  a  camera  lens  REGULATES  amount  of  light  passes  through  onto  the  sensor  inside  the  camera.      Aperture  size  is  counted  in  f-­‐stops.  i.e.  those  little  numbers  engraved  on  the  lens  barrel  like:  

   f22  ,  f16,  f11,  f8.0,  f5.6,  f4.0,  f2.8,  f2.0,  f/1.8  etc.  

                 

 Each  of  these  represents  the  amount  of  light  that  enters  your  camera,  either  more  or  less  in  quantity.      Meaning  to  say,  f/16  will  let  in  more  light  than  the  opening  of  f/22  and  so  forth;  while  on  the  other  hand,  an  aperture  of  f/4.0  will  let  less  light  than  that  of  f/2.8  etc.      How  This  Works:    The  BIGGER  the  F-­‐Stop  #  (the  smaller  diaphragm  opening)  the  more  is  in  FOCUS!  The  SMALLER  the  F-­‐Stop  #  (the  bigger  the  diaphragm  opening)  the  less  in  FOCUS!  

     

Page 2: CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&&Aperture& › 2017 › 09 › camera-functions-a… · CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&Aperture& & Aperture&is&thelens&openinginsidealens.&Thesizeof&thediaphragm&opening&in&a&camera&lens

Camera  Functions                        Shutter  Speed    Shutter  speed  along  with  the  aperture  of  the  lens  determines  the  amount  of  light  that  reaches  the  sensor.    1/2000  –  1/1000  –  1/500  –  1/250  –  1/125  –  1/60  –  1/30  –  1/15  –  1/8  –  1/4  –  1/2  –  1sec    

   In  addition  to  its  effect  on  exposure,  the  shutter  speed  changes  the  way  movement  appears  in  the  picture.      How  This  Works:    Very  short  shutter  speeds  can  be  used  to  freeze  fast-­‐moving  subjects,  for  example  at  sporting  events.                          Very  long  shutter  speeds  are  used  to  intentionally  blur  a  moving  subject  for  artistic  effect.                              The  longer  the  Shutter  Speed  the  less  likely  subjects  will  be  in  focus.    However,  the  longer  the  shutter  speed  with  subjects  like  flowing  water,  the  cooler  the  effect.            We  now  need  to  examine  how  the  Aperture  and  the  Shutter  Speed  work  together.  

Too  Fast!   Just  Right!   Too  Slow!  

Page 3: CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&&Aperture& › 2017 › 09 › camera-functions-a… · CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&Aperture& & Aperture&is&thelens&openinginsidealens.&Thesizeof&thediaphragm&opening&in&a&camera&lens

Camera  Functions          Aperture/ShutterSpeed  =  Bread  &  Butter    You  cannot  just  change  your  F-­‐Stop  without  it  effecting  overall  exposure.    You  cannot  just  change  your  shutter  speed  without  it  effecting  overall  exposure.    If  you  change  one,  you  have  to  change  the  other.    Exposure:  All  SLR  and  DSLR  cameras  will  have  an  exposure  meter  that  looks  like  this:        Ideally  and  most  of  the  time  you  want  the  arrow  to  be  in  the  middle.    This  means  that  your  photo  will  be  “properly”  exposed.        Shutter  Speed  and  Aperture  work  as  a  team  to  get  that  needle  to  the  ZERO.    As  you  know  that  both  of  them  control  the  amount  that  is  let  into  your  camera  and  the  sensor,  and  if  you  let  too  much  light  in  the  needle  will  move  to  the  PLUS  side.    If  you  let  too  little  light  in,  it  will  move  to  the  MINUS  side.          Too  Little  Light  =  UNDEREXPOSED  Too  Much  Light  =  OVEREXPOSED  Proper  Light  =  JUST  RIGHT!          How  They  Work  Together:    If  you  are  using  an  F-­‐Stop  of  F22,  you’re  lens  diaphragm  is  very  small.    It  does  not  let  a  lot  of  light  into  your  camera  and  therefore  you  will  need  a  faster  shutter  speed.  

If  you  are  using  an  F-­‐Stop  of  F2.8,  you’re  lens  diaphragm  is  much  bigger.    It  lets  in  a  lot  more  light  and  therefore  your  shutter  speed  can  be  slower.  

                   Depending  on  what  you’re  photographing,  you’ll  adjust  your  F-­‐Stop  and  Shutter  Speeds  accordingly.    But  for  a  general  rule  thumb  on  a  nice  sunny  day…  you  want  an  F-­‐STOP  of  f16  and  a  Shutter  Speed  of  1/125.    

Page 4: CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&&Aperture& › 2017 › 09 › camera-functions-a… · CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&Aperture& & Aperture&is&thelens&openinginsidealens.&Thesizeof&thediaphragm&opening&in&a&camera&lens

Camera  Functions                            Depth  of  Field    Depth  of  Field  is  what  ads  depth  and  interest  to  your  photos.    You  get  depth  of  field  by  using  your  F-­‐Stops  with  the  appropriate  Shutter  Speed.    

Deep  Depth  of  Field  (more  in  focus)   vs   Shallow  Depth  of  Field  (less  in  focus)  

     When  you  want  a  Shallow  DOP  Shallow  DOP  is  usually  used  for  Portraits.    When  you  want  a  Deep  DOP  Deep  DOP  is  usually  used  for  landscape  photography.    How  you  use  your  DOP  will  drastically  change  the  mood  and  feel  of  your  photographs.    Honestly,  it  is  about  experimenting  with  what  looks  good  and  what  doesn’t.    The  more  you  shoot,  the  more  variety  you’ll  have  to  choose  form  in  your  images.    The  more  you  look  at  your  own  work,  the  more  you  will  begin  to  know  how  and  why  to  use  Depth  of  Field  in  your  images.        

Page 5: CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&&Aperture& › 2017 › 09 › camera-functions-a… · CameraFunctions& & & & & & & & &&&&&Aperture& & Aperture&is&thelens&openinginsidealens.&Thesizeof&thediaphragm&opening&in&a&camera&lens

Camera  Functions                                    ISO    In  traditional  (film)  photography  ISO  (or  ASA)  was  the  indication  of  how  sensitive  a  film  was  to  light.  It  was  measured  in  numbers  (you’ve  probably  seen  them  on  films  –  100,  200,  400,  800  etc).  The  lower  the  number  the  lower  the  sensitivity  of  the  film  and  the  finer  the  grain  in  the  shots  you’re  taking.    In  Digital  Photography  ISO  measures  the  sensitivity  of  the  image  sensor.  The  same  principles  apply  as  in  film  photography  –  the  lower  the  number  the  less  sensitive  your  camera  is  to  light  and  the  finer  the  grain.      Higher  ISO  settings  are  generally  used  in  darker  situations  to  get  faster  shutter  speeds  (for  example  an  indoor  sports  event  when  you  want  to  freeze  the  action  in  lower  light)  –  however  the  cost  is  noisier  shots.      Look  at  the  Lipstick:  

ISO  100                                      ISO  3200      When  choosing  the  ISO  setting  ask  yourself  the  following  four  questions:    Light  –  Is  the  subject  well  lit?               If  yes,  ISO  100-­‐200.    If  no  400-­‐3200.  Grain  –  Do  I  want  a  grainy  shot  or  one  without  noise?     If  yes,  ISO  800-­‐3200.    If  no  100-­‐200.  Moving  Subject  –  Is  my  subject  moving  or  stationary?     Moving  =  400-­‐3200.      Depending  on  what  your  ISO  is  set  at  it  will  have  a  direct  impact  on  how  you  use  your  F-­‐Stops  and  Shutter  Speeds:    

A  low  ISO  will  mean  you  will  have  smaller  F-­‐Stop  numbers  and  slower  Shutter  Speeds.  A  high  ISO  will  mean  you  will  have  larger  F-­‐Stop  numbers  and    faster  Shutter  Speeds.  

Sunny  Day:     Low  ISO  Dreary  Day:     Mid  ISO  Indoors:     High  ISO