Cambridge University Press Edited by Camran Nezhat, Farr...

Index

Page numbers followed by “t ” indicates tables and “f ” indicates figures.

abdomenCO2 insufflation of, 12identification of layers, 9introducer cap/introducer sleeve

insertion, 23lower, vascularization of, 47postoperative pain management, 37primary trocar insertion /intestinal

injuries, 49trauma reduction strategy, 47trocar insertion, 11, 23washing of, 33

abdominal hysterectomy, 239, 248, 280, 304,323, 341

complication rates, 356vs. laparoscopic hysterectomy, 341,

356–361vs. vaginal hysterectomy, 356–361

abdominal surgery, during pregnancy,499–507

appendicitis, 499–500gallstone removal, 500laparoscopic surgery, 500–507

abortions. See spontaneous abortions; tubalabortions

abscessesappendiceal/diverticular, 179from ovarian cyst aspiration, 188tubo-ovarian abscesses, 112, 179, 199

Abu-Rustum, N. R., 479accessory trocars, 11, 47–48

complications, 587management, 587prevention, 587recognition, 587

needle introduction through,placement of,sites for, 47–48

actinomycin D, 87tAdamyan, L. V., 419adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma, of

cervix, 90tadhesions. See also intrauterine adhesions;

laparoscopic adhesiolysis;para-ovarian peritubaladhesions

formation of, 305–306minimally invasive surgery value,

305–306

peritoneal instillatescrystalloids, 30732% Dextran 70 (Hyskon), 307–308hyaluronic acid, 308

and carboxymethylcellulose(Sepracoat), 308

with ferric ion (intergel), 308hydrogel (SprayGel), 308viscous gel, 308–309

pharmacologic interventions, 307prevention of, and minilap myomectomy,

329reformation classification, 306risk factors/clinical significance, 304–305solid adhesion barriers

expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(Gore-Tex), 309–310

hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose(Seprafilm), 310–311

oxidized regenerated cellulose(Interceed), 309

value of adjuvants, 306–307Adiana system, of sterilization, 171adnexal masses. See also ovarian cysts

benign ovarian tumors, 180tclinical presentation/evaluation

history/physical exam, 180–181laboratory studies, 181–182pelvic imaging, role of, 181

differential diagnosis of, 180tetiology

postmenopausal patient, 179–180,190–191

premenarchal patient, 179reproductive-age patient, 179

key points regarding, 185malignant vs. benign, 180tmanagement

indications for surgery, 182–183in pregnancy, 184–185use of laparoscopy, 183–184

preoperative evaluationCT/MRI, 188cyst aspiration, 188physical examination, 187serum markers, 188ultrasound, 187–188

symptoms, 179treatment, 188, 197

medical, 188–189recommendations, 189, 197

tumor markers, 181tadriamycin, 87tadult stem cells (ASCs), 90al-Took, S., 265Alborzi, S., 135Alcazar, J. L., 181Alex, J. C., 447Allardyce, R., 490amenorrhea

and adnexal mass, 179and Asherman’s syndrome, 102causes of, 417gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist

inducement of, 266and intrauterine adhesions, 143and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

244and progestin-containing IUD, 155temporary, in uterine fibroid embolization

(UFE), 339American Society for Reproductive Medicine

(ASRM), 1endometriosis classification, 263nomenclature standardization system,

134polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

diagnostic criteria, 244scoring system, for endometriosis, 263unicornuate uterus classification, 363

Amin, H. K., 173Amos, J. D., 500Amreich, I., 453Anaf, V., 479anatomy. See also intraperitoneal/

retroperitoneal anatomyfor cystoscopy, 539genital, and Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-

Hauser Syndrome, 417of GI tract, 530–531

colon, 530–531small bowel, 530

laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation(LUNA), 430–432

laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension,400–404

of presacral neurectomy, 425–426of rectovaginal fistula, 413

617

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86249-3 - Nezhat’s Operative Gynecologic Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, Third EditionEdited by Camran Nezhat, Farr Nezhat and Ceana NezhatIndexMore information

http://www.cambridge.org/9780521862493

http://www.cambridge.org


618 — Index

anatomy (Contd.)of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 378of ureters, 527vagina, post-hysterectomy, 400–404

anesthesiachoices of, 37complications, 587–588preoperative evaluation/premedication, 37recovery from, 37

pain management, 37postoperative nausea/vomiting, 37

Animated Endoscopic System for OptimalPositioning (AESOP), 31

anterior surgical repair, for stressincontinence, 379–380

antibiotic prophylaxisand cystoscopic procedures,and operative hysteroscopies, 100and retropubic urethral suspension,and tubo-ovarian abscess, 239

antiestrogen compounds, with in vitrofertilization, 87–88

antral follicles, in vitro maturation of oocytesfrom, 85–86

aortic lymphadenectomy, 466–467indications, 466–467intraoperative complications, 467selection of patients for avoidance,

466–471aorto-bifemoral bypass technique, 517–518appendectomy, laparoscopic, 544–550

for appendicitis, 549for endometriosis, 265incidental, 545–546reasons for, 544–545

appendiceal endometriosis, 284–285appendicitis, in pregnancy, 499–500,

546–549Arikan, G., 579Asherman’s syndrome, 102aspiration

for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 36of gastric contents, protection from, 37of ovarian cysts, 1, 2, 14

aspiration-injection needles, 14, 23assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)

treatmentanesthesia, 107–112embryo transfer, 112history of, 106luteal support, 112–113patient assessment/ovarian stimulation,

106–107procedure description, 112room setup, 107U.S. data, 106vacuum/needle setup, 107

Atlas of Contract Hysteroscopy and Endoscopy(Baggish), 2, 583t

Atlas of Pelvic Surgery (Wheeless), 2, 583tatraumatic forceps, 14

bacterial peritonitis, 304Baggish, M. S., 2, 583tBagley, C. M., 435

Ball, C. G., 549balloon-catheter system, 96Barat, C., 544Barnes, J., 258Barranger, E., 451Ben-Yehuda, O. M., 577Benassi, L., 322benign cystic teratomas, 179, 192fbenign lesion excision, for pediatric patients,

513–514benign metastasis, theory of, 251Berci, G., 3Berek, J. S., 484, 485Berends, F. J., 489Beretta, P., 275Berry, J. D., 271Bezzi, M., 27Biggerstaff, E. D., 425bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO),

248, 280endometriosis, 265and hormone replacement therapy, 266for thoracic endometriosis syndrome, 261

biliary disease, in pregnant patients, 500bimanual pelvic examination, for myomas,

316Bio-Robotics Group (Stanford University),

562biopsies

endometrial, and hysteroscopy, 577–578of ovaries, 199

biopsy forceps, 15bipolar forceps, 17, 349bipolar needle electrodes, 137bipolar vessel-sealing devices, 17Black, W. T., 425, 427, 428bladder flap development, for hysterectomy,

344–345bladder injuries, complications, 589

management, 589prevention, 589recognition, 589

bleomycin, 87tbody habitus, 48Boitke, G. M., 444Bombard, J., 430borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), 475–476Bouvy, N. D., 491bowel adhesions, 44, 49, 58, 269–270

bowel distention, 48bowel injury from trocar insertion, 49, 57,

595bowel preparation

one-day, 41tfor ovarian remnant surgery, 212three-day, 41t

complicationslarge, 595


small, 592–595management, 593–595prevention, 592recognition, 592–593

lysis of, 269–270radiation complications from, 435

bowel resectionfor endometriosis, 265, 285–287hemostasis during, 17three-day preparation program for, 40

brachial plexus injury, 36Bradley, W. H., 578bradycardia/bradyarrhythmias, 35, 112breast cancer, 86

and adnexal masses, 180and lymphatic mapping, 447mortality, 87and oophorectomy, 199stage I-IV, 90t

Bristow, R. E., 478Brodman, M. L., 277bronchoscopy, for thoracic endometriosis,

259Brosens, I., 272Buist, M. R., 451Burch, J. C., 366, 368Burke, T. W., 447Burkitt lymphoma, 90tBurney, T.L., 443Burton, G., 373Busacca, M., 265Butler, J. C., 582Byron, J. W., 46

CA-125 tumor antigen, 181, 188, 189, 191,482, 485

Cabanas, R., 447Camatte, P., 476cameras, 27–31

equipment for, 29–30parts of

camera control unit (CCU), 27, 31camera head, 27, 28charge coupled device (CCD) sensor,

28, 30coupler (lens), 27–28

resolution, 31scanning formats, 30–31types of

high-definition three chip, 28single chip, 28three chip, 28

Cameron cavicamera, 2cancer. See also specific types

breast cancer, 86and adnexal masses, 180and lymphatic mapping, 447mortality declines, 87and oophorectomy, 199stage I-IV, 90t

cervical cancerearly-stage (stage IA2-IB1), 447,

451laparoscopic sentinel lymph node

identification, 447–451stage IIB, 441stages IA, IB, IIA, 444vaginal radical hysterectomy treatment,

453






Index — 619

and cryopreservation of immatureoocytes, 85

early-stage cervical cancer (stage IA2-IB1),447, 451

of fallopian tubes, 179, 475, 572gynecological cancer

classification of, 436and operative laparoscopy, 435in postmenopausal women, 239

of ovaries, 179, 182, 184, 187, 248transmission of cells/ovarian

transplantation, 90, 91fand uterine bleeding, 155and in vitro maturation of oocytes, 86

cancer risksof colon, 90tfrom ovarian transplantation

high risk (≥10%), 90tlow risk (≤1%), 90tmoderate risk (1%-10%), 90t

Candiani, G. B., 267capnography, for CO2 emboli detection, 36Capsi, E., 304Carbonell, A. M., 19cardinal ligament, 71, 74, 342Cardoza, L. D., 372Carey, M. R., 373Carter, J. E., 21, 401fCasey, A. C., 486catamenial hemoptysis (CH), 258catamenial hemothorax (CHt), 258catamenial pneumothorax (CP), 258catheters

balloon-catheter system, 96, 97Cook Echo-Tip catheter, 116for embryo transfer, 112, 115

influence of repeat placement, 118Foley catheters, 32, 40, 59, 100, 584insemination catheters, 97intraperitoneal, and second-look

laparoscopy, 478–479intrauterine catheterization, 97, 112reliability/ease of use study, 97soft embryo catheters, 116, 120studies

Frydman vs. Wallace, 116Frydman vs. Wallace vs. TDT, 117reliability/ease of use, 97

in transabdominal ultrasonography,116–117

visualization of, 118Ceana gloves, 24–26cecum, distention of,cervical cancer

early-stage (stage IA2-IB1), 447, 451laparoscopic sentinel lymph node

identification, 447–451radical vaginal hysterectomy treatment,

453stage IIB, 441stages IA, IB, IIA, 444

Cervini, P., 545Cha, K. Y., 84, 85Champault, G., 490Chang, M. C., 106

chemical peritonitis, 304chemotherapy preconditioning, for

autologous hematopoietic stemcell transplantation, 83

Chen, C., 84, 428Chen, F. P., 425Cheon, W., 373Chernobilisky, B., 271Childers, J. M., 439, 444Chin, H. Y., 321Chlamydia trachomatis, 237chlorambucil, 87tcholelithiasis, asymptomatic/symptomatic,

500chronic pelvic pain (CPP)

and appendiceal endometriosis, 284and endometriosis, 251, 254, 263, 291and intraperitoneal adhesions, 304and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),

237, 239and presacral neurectomy/uterosacral

neurectomy, 294cisplatinum, 87tClark, T. J., 578classical intrafascial supracervical

hysterectomy (CISH), 356classification

of endometriosis, 252tof extent/severity of intrauterine

adhesions, 143of genital tract abnormalities, 417of gynecologic cancer, 436of laparoscopically-assisted hysterectomy,

341of malignant ovarian tumors, 183of nomenclature, by American Society for

Reproductive Medicine, 134of rectovaginal fistulas, 413of rudimentary uterine horn, 365of submucous myomas, 316

claw-tooth and spoon forceps, 19clinical touch transfer, of embryos, 117,

118–119and increased ectopic pregnancy rate,

121vs. transvaginal ultrasound-assisted

transfer, 122clomiphene citrate

challenge test, for ovarian reserveassessment, 87

for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),245

for treatment of anovulatory infertility,209

Clough, K. B., 486CO2

abdominal distension via, 12embolism

capnography detection of, 36insufflation during laparoscopy, 35, 43lethal dosage of, 36usage, for pneumoperitoneum, 35

CO2 lasers, 205–206, 212, 264, 265, 269, 287,312, 321, 342, 432

Cohen, C. J., 485

Cohen, M., 2Coleman, R. L., 448Collard, M., 448Collazo, L. M., 264Collete, J., 448colorectal surgery, 531colposuspensions. See Marshall-

Marchetti-Krantz (MMK)colposuspension; retropubicBurch colposuspension

colpotomyavoidance of, 356for benign cystic teratomas, 195–197for ovarian cystectomy, 195risks of, 209rudimentary horn extraction, 364vaginal incision, 321vaginal/laparoscopic closure of, 209

complicationsanesthesia, 587–588bleeding, 588–589, 595–596contraindications, 582–583from DES exposure, 102ectopic pregnancy from in vitro

fertilization, 121electrosurgical injuries, 588from fluid media, 138hysterosalpingography (HSG),hysteroscopic metroplasty, 140–141intraoperative, from aortic

lymphadenectomy, 467intrauterine synechiae, 102laparoscopic, intraoperative, 36–37laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation

(LUNA), 433during late-trimester pregnancy, 101linear stapler, 19lymphadenectomy, 438–444minimally invasive slings (MIS),

389–390oocyte retrieval, 112outpatient laparoscopic sterilizations, 3presacral neurectomy, 428–429prevention of, 582procedural failures, 583reduction of, 45resectoscope use, 173retropubic Burch colposuspension,

371–372trocars, 11, 40, 46, 46t (See also

complications, trocars)sharp trocars vs. blunt, 11

ureteral injuries, 589–592management, 591–592prevention, 589–590recognition, 590–591

uterine injuries, 589Veress needle insertion, 11, 40, 46, 46t

management, 584prevention, 583–584recognition, 584

complications, bladder injuries, 589management, 589prevention, 589recognition, 589






620 — Index

complications, bowelslarge, 595


small, 592–595management, 593–595prevention, 592recognition, 592–593

complications, pneumoperitoneum, 584–585prevention, 584recognition, 584treatment, 585

complications, postoperative, 595–597bleeding, 595–596incisional hernia, 596–597infection, 596mortality, 597nerve injuries, 596pain, 596vaginal cuff dehiscence, 597

complications, trocarsaccessory, 587


primary, 585–587prevention, 585–586recognition, 586–587

computed tomography (CT)for adnexal masses, 181, 188for bowel injury, 390for cervical cancer, 452for myomas, 316for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 238for thoracic endometriosis, 259

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 244containment bags, 197contraindications. See also indications

for hormone replacement therapy, 266for hysterosalpingography (HSG), 98for hysteroscopic tubal cannulation, 163for hysteroscopy, 98for laparoscopy, 37, 48, 184for uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),

335Cooper, M. J., 371Cornillie, L. J., 267cornual synechiae, 129Corson, S., 57Cotte, M. G., 427, 428Counseller, V. S., 430CPP. See chronic pelvic pain (CPP)Craig, W., 430Crohn’s disease, 413Cryogen (HerOption) system, for

endometrial ablationmethodology, 174outcomes, 175risk factors, 174–175

cryopreservationof embryos, 84of immature oocytes, 85of oocytes, 83–85of ovarian tissue,

crystalloids, 307culdoscopy, 40, 137Curet, M. J., 501Cushing’s syndrome, 244cyclophosphamide, 87tcystadenomas, serous/mucinous, 179cystectomy, ovarian, 191, 195cystic teratomas, benign, 195–197cystoscopy, 537–540

anatomy, 539antibiotic prophylaxis, 540for hysterectomy, 342indications, 537instruments, 537–539for laparoscopic Burch colposuspension,

366, 371for ovarian endometriosis, 272for ovarian remnant, 247for recurrent hematuria, 278for retropubic urethral suspension,for retropubic urethropexies, 381technique, 539–540for uterosacral ligament suspension, 402for vesical endometriosis, 281

cystourethrocele repair, 407–408cysts. See also ovarian cysts

aspiration of, 1blastocysts, inner cell mass (ICM) of, 91Morgagni peritubal cysts, 199peritoneal cysts,urachal cysts,

cytomegalovirus,cytoreductive surgery, for ovarian cancer,

440, 478

danazolfor hysteroscopy, 137for thoracic endometriosis, 260for type IIA endometriomas, 272

Dargent, D., 435, 436, 450, 453, 458da Vinci surgical robot, suturing device, 319Davis, A. A., 428Davis, G. D., 433Davydov, S. N., 418, 419Debodinance, P., 375DeCherney, A. H, 49, 173, 427Deffieux, X., 476Delorme, E., 386Demco, L., 267Desolle, L., 330Dextran (32%) 70 (Hyskon), 307–308diagnostic laparoscopy, 269Diamond, M. P., 306diaphragmatic endometriosis, 289–291Dicker, D., 140diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, 102–103dilatation and curettage (D&C)

and hysteroscopy, 577Dingfelder, J., 57Dion, Y. M., 516dioxin (TCDD), and endometriosis, 253disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery, 27disposable trocars, 57–58

vascular injuries from, 44, 57Dobronte, Z., 489

Donnez, J., 87, 289, 476Doppler sonography, 181, 184

for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 238Dorum, A., 180Dottino, P. R., 183Doty, E., 309Doyle, E. B., 430Doyle, M. B., 136Dunn, M. R., 200Dwyer, P. L., 371dysgenetic gonads, 205–206dysgerminomas, 184dysmenorrhea, 275

and endometriosis, 251, 252, 263, 267and intrauterine adhesions, 143and presacral neurectomy, 296, 425and rudimentary uterine horn, 363and UPLIFT procedure, 394and uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),

334and uterosacral transection/ablation, 430

dyspareunia, 275, 316and endometriosis, 251, 267and rudimentary uterine horn, 363and uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),

334

early-stage cervical cancer (stage IA2-IB1),447, 451

ectopic kidneys,ectopic pregnancy. See also interstitial

pregnancyaccessory site suggestions, 48detection methods, 215diagnosis

laboratory studies, 217–218physical findings, 217, 217tsymptoms, 217

incidence of, 215intraabdominal bleeding from, 582and IUDs, 216nonsurgical management, 232–233

expectant management, 232medical treatment, 232–233

risk factors, 215, 216tsalpingostomy for, 15, 19, 23statistics

in United Kingdom, 215in United States, 215

and transabdominal ultrasonography,121

treatment, 218–231laparoscopic techniques

salpingectomy, 223–231salpingotomy, 219–231tubal resection, 223

Edwards, I. K., 252Edwards, Roger, 85, 106efficacy

and accessibility, of methotrexate, 232of classical intrafascial supracervical

hysterectomy, 356of CO2 laser surgery, 264, 265of combined hyaluronic acid/

carboxymethylcellulose, 311






Index — 621

of cross-linked hyaluronic gel, foradhesions, 309

of dextran (32%) 70, for adhesions, 308of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, for

adhesions, 310of expectant management, 232of harmonic scalpel w/bipolar

vessel-sealing devices, 19of laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 264of minilaparotomy, in abdominal

myomectomies, 322of oophorectomy, 199of steroids, for adhesions, 307of surgical instruments, in endometriosis,

263of uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),

335–337of video-operative laparoscopy, 5

electro-cauterization, in tubal sterilizations, 2electrosurgical generator, 17, 33ELEVEST procedure, 398–399Ellis, H., 304, 305embolization. See uterine fibroid

embolizationembryo transfer

air bubbles, in uterine cavity, 123alternate techniques, 117–118

clinical touch transfer, 117, 118–119full-bladder technique, 117mock transfer technique, 117

catheters for, 112, 115distance from fundus, 123operator influence on, 118placement debate, 125post procedure bed rest, 124–125at top/bottom of uterine cavity, 123and transvaginal ultrasonography,

121–122and ultrasonography, 115–126

embryonic stem cells (ESCs)derivation of, 91oocyte generation from, 91–92primordial germ cell formation from, 91totipotency of, 91

Endoloop (Ethicon) suture, 64endoluminal vascular trainers, 553–557endometrial ablation

Cryogen (HerOption) systemmethodology, 174outcomes, 175risk factors, 174–175

HydroThermAblator systemmethodology, 176outcomes, 178risk factors, 176

Microwave Endometrial Ablation systemmethodology, 175–176outcomes, 176risk factors, 176

Novasure systemmethodology, 174outcomes, 174risk factors, 174

Thermachoice systemmethodology, 173–174

outcomes, 173–174risk factors, 173

via hysteroscopically directed laser, 173endometrial cancer, 88, 444

conversion to laparotomy, 467–468diagnosis, and hysteroscopy, 577–578

dilatation and curettage, 577endometrial biopsy, 577–578minimally invasive management, 579observation, 578

GOG study of pathologic spread, 578laparoscopic applications

contraindications, 470–471cost, 470for morbidly obese patients, 471–472perioperative data/morbidity, 467postoperative complications, 468quality-of-life measures, 470recurrence, 468–470surgical staging, 466, 472–473surgical technique, 465survival, 470

microinvasive endometrial cancer,466–467

recurrent endometrial cancer, 472–473endometrial cavity

assessment for patient with infertilitydiagnostic modalities

hysterosalpingography, 96hysteroscopy, 98–100sonohysterography, 97–98transvaginal sonography, 97

technique comparison, 98pathology affecting, 100–103

DES exposure, 102–103endometrial polyps, 100–101intrauterine synechiae, 102leiomyomata, 101uterine septation, 101–102

endometrial polyps, 97fdetection technique comparison, 101and estrogen, 100

endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), 252endometriomas, 192f. See also rectovaginal

endometriosisendometriosis. See also appendiceal

endometriosis; diaphragmaticendometriosis; gastrointestinalendometriosis; genitourinaryendometriosis; hepaticendometriosis; microscopicendometriosis; nodularendometriosis; ovarianendometriosis; pelvicendometriosis; thoracicendometriosis syndrome (TES);vesical endometriosis

accessory site suggestions for, 48and adhesions, 304appearances of, 267–269appendix inspection for, 52causative for infertility, 129and CPP, 251, 254, 263, 291diagnosis, missed/understaged, 267and dioxin, 253

and dysmenorrhea, 251, 252, 263, 267effect on in vitro fertilization cycles,

297–298efficacy of surgical instruments, 263as factor in disease predisposition,

252–253future developments, 298hormonal replacement therapy,

266–267implants, treatment, 269–291

diagnostic laparoscopy, 269operative laparoscopy

appendiceal endometriosis,284–285

bowel resection, 285–287cul-de-sac restoration, 287–289diaphragmatic endometriosis,

289–291genitourinary endometriosis,

277–278hepatic endometriosis, 289lysis of bowel adhesions, 269–270ovarian endometriosis resection,

271–277peritoneal implants, 270–271ureteral involvement, 278

diagnosis, 278obstruction, 279–281surgical technique, 278–279

vesical endometriosis, 281–284tubo-ovarian anatomy restoration, 291

one-day preparation program for, 40pain management, 291–296pathogenesis theories

candidate genes, 253tclassification of, 252tendometrial origin

benign metastasis, 251retrograde menstruation, 251–252

immune factor implications, 254,254t

nonendometrial origin, 251peritoneal factor implications,

253–254reconciliation of disparities, 255

post-surgical fertility outcomes, 296–297rectosigmoid, sigmoidoscopy for, 40recurrence minimization, 298research cofounders, 254–255surgical management, 263–266

conservative operations, 265laparoscopy vs. laparotomy, 264–265radical operations, 265–266tools, 263

treatment via laparoscopy, 1and tubo-ovarian abscesses, 238–239

endometritisand pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),

237postpartum, 237tuberculous, and uterine factor

infertility, 102and tubo-ovarian abscess, 237and uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),

338






622 — Index

Endopath (EES) trocars, 58endoscopic technology precursors, 2–3

Cameron cavicamera, 2gastrocamera, 2miniaturized endo-cameras, 3television/color film broadcasts, 3

endoscopic ultrasound, 27Endoscopy and Gynecology (Frangeheim),

2, 583tEpstein, E., 577equipment. See also Animated Endoscopic

System for Optimal Positioning(AESOP); cameras; catheters;operating room setup; trocars;Veress needles

aspiration-injection needles, 23biopsy forceps, 15Ceana glove, 24–26claw-tooth and spoon forceps, 19electrosurgical generator/bipolar

forceps, 17endoscopic ultrasound, 27forceps, 14graspers, specialized, 21harmonic scalpel, 19hydrodissection pump, 13insufflator, 12laparoscope, 9laparotomy-type instruments, 27light cord, 12–13light sources, 13linear stapler, 19morcellators, 21myoma screw, 21port closure instruments, 26–27problems/troubleshooting, 31robotics, 31–32scissors, 15specimen retrieval bag, 21–23suction-irrigator probe, 13trocar port dilation instruments, 23uterine manipulators, 23–24vascular clips, 19vessel-sealing systems, 17–19

equipment, positioning of, 32–33hydrodissection pump, 33lasers/laser recording, 33light sources/insufflator/electrogenerator,

33operating room table, 32–33preparation/procedure termination, 33video monitors, 33video recording, 33

esophageal atresia repair, for pediatricpatients, 513

esophageal Doppler probes, 36Essure system, of sterilization

bilateral micro-insert placement/tubalocclusion rate, 168–169

clinical use/technique, 165–167description/mechanism of action,

165histologic studies, 167–168patient tolerance/adverse events, 170pregnancy rates, 170

estrogenand cryopreservation of immature

oocytes, 85disorders dependent on, 101for endometriosis, 266influence on endometrial polyps, 100and polycystic ovarian disease, 85post-septoplasty administration, 138for reepithelialization promotion, 149in vitro fertilization with antiestrogen

compounds, 87–88European Society of Human

Reproduction/American Societyfor Reproductive Medicine(ESHRE/ASRM), 244

Ewing sarcoma, 90texpanded polytetrafluoroethylene

(Gore-Tex), 309–310extracorporeal knotting, of sutures, 64–69extragonadal adenocarcinoma, 266–267

Fagotti, A., 478fallopian tubes. See also hysteroscopic tubal

cannulationand adnexal masses, 179cancer of, 179, 475, 572distal disease etiology

adhesions, 129fimbrial phimosis, 129hydrosalpinges, 129

and ectopic pregnancy, 121, 125endometriosis of, 263four-pronged forceps for holding, 21hysterosalpingogram evaluation, 96, 135and hysteroscopic sterilization, 165primary carcinoma of, 239proximal disease etiology

cornual synechiae, 129mucus plugs, 129polyps, 129salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 129tubal endometriosis, 129

scissors for opening, 15visualization by laparoscopy, 237

Fatthy, H., 373Fayez, J. A., 264, 272Fedele, L., 136, 137Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics

(FIGO) classification systems,436

femoral neuropathy, 36Ferland, R. D., 371ferric ion (Intergel), 308fertility

and endometriosis, 296–297human ESCs/reproduction, 90–92and hysteroscopic myomectomies,

158–159oocyte cryopreservation, 83–85ovarian tissue cryopreservation/

transplantation, 87, 91fovarian transplantation, case history, 83in vitro maturation of oocytes, 85–87

from antral follicles, 85–86of preantral/primordial oocytes, 86–87

fetal surgery, 514fiberoptic lasers, 148–149fimbrial phimosis, 129fimbrioplasty, 155-fluorouracil, 87tFlax, S., 371Foley catheters, 32, 40, 59, 100, 584forceps, types of

atraumatic/grasping, 14for biopsy, 15bipolar forceps, 17claw-tooth and spoon forceps, 19Remorgida 3-in-1 bipolar, 15

forever-scopy, 5four-dimensional ultrasonography, 122–123Fowler, J. M., 445Frangeheim, H., 2, 583tFrank, R. T., 418Friedman, E. A., 448Frydman catheters

for transabdominal ultrasonography, 115vs. Wallace catheters, 116

FSH stimulationand polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

244prior to in vitro maturation of oocytes, 86

Fujii, M., 432fundoplication for GERD, for pediatric

patients, 511

Gardnerella vaginalis, 237gastrocamera, 2gastrointestinal endometriosis, 281. See also

colorectal surgerydiagnosis, 529–530GI tract anatomy, 530–531

colon, 530–531small bowel,

site of involvement, 529surgical results, 533–534surgical treatment, 531–533

appendectomy, 531–532ileocolic resection/small bowel

resection, 532rectal endometriosis procedures, 533segmental colon resection, 532–533

Gauwerky, J.F.H., 419genitourinary endometriosis, 277–278genuine stress incontinence (GSI), 366,

367, 373Gershenson, D. M., 484Ghirardini, G., 419Glasser, M. H., 322Glazerman, L., 404Gleicher, N., 106, 138GnRH agonist therapy

inducement of amenorrhea,for laparoscopic myomectomy, 317,

328–329uterine fibroids, 334

Godard, H., 448Goldberg, J., 331Goldrath, M. H., 173Goldstein, M. S., 277Gomel, V., 264, 591






Index — 623

gonadotoxicity, of chemotherapeutic agentshigh risk, 87tintermediate risk, 87tlow risk, 87t

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)agonists

analogues, 107, 260down-regulation, 107endometriomas, 272inducement of amenorrhea,for laparoscopic myomectomy, 317,

328–329for large myomas, 353ovarian suppression by, 87stimulation test, 87for thoracic endometriosis, 260usage with hysteroscopy, 98, 137and uterine contraction, 156uterine fibroids, 334

gonads, dysgenetic, 205–206Gore-Tex expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,

309–310Gosden, Roger, 86Gould, E. A., 447Gracia, C. R., 516graspers, specialized, 21grasping forceps, 14Gu, M., 579Gucer, F., 579Gupta, A., 493Gutt, C. N., 491, 492, 493Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) study,

of primary ovarian tumors, 475,484, 485

gynecologic cancerclassification of, 436and operative laparoscopy, 435in postmenopausal women, 239

gynecoradiologic procedures, 138

Haemophilus influenzae, 237Hajenius, P. J., 233Hallez, J. P., 173hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS),

in ovarian cancer, 479Haney, A. F., 309hanging drop technique, of Veress needle

placement, 41Hanney, R., 57harmonic scalpel, 19, 264, 287, 349Hasson, H. M., 46, 57Heape, W., 106heat loss (hypothermia)

and wound infection, 36–37Heinonen, P. K., 134hematometra. See rudimentary uterine horn,

laparoscopic excisionhemodynamic changes, during laparoscopy,

35CO2 insufflation, 35SVR increase, 35

hemorrhagesafter metroplasty, 140and classical intrafascial supracervical

hysterectomy, 356

intraoperative, increased risks of, 199from lateral uterine/cervical perforations,

100manual tamponade, 60petechial, 537postpartum, 102, 331

hemostasis, 17hepatic endometriosis, 289hernias, incisional, 11, 26

formation at trocar site, 60Hertel, H., 458Hewett, P. J., 491high-risk patients

body habitus, 48bowel distention, 48

Hiller, D. A., 448hirsutism

and adnexal masses, 179and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

244Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 90tHolub, Z., 445Homer, H. A., 140hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

for endometriosis, 266–267for intrauterine adhesions, 149for ovarian cysts, 189, 191

Huang, W. C., 374Hulka, J. F., 2, 583tHUMI uterine manipulators, 23, 344hyaluronic acid

with carboxymethylcelluloseand peritoneal instillates, 308and solid adhesion barriers, 310–311

with ferric ion (Intergel), 308hydrodissection pump, 13, 33hydrogel (SprayGel), 308hydrosalpinges

procedural choices for, 129–130surgical treatment of, 129

proximal tube occlusion, 130salpingectomy, 130–133ultrasound hydrosalpinx fluid

aspiration, 130HydroThermAblator (HTA) system, for

endometrial ablationmethodology, 176outcomes, 178risk factors, 176

hyperprolactinemia, 244hypomenorrhea, 143Hyskon (Dextran 32%), 307–308hysterectomy. See also abdominal

hysterectomy; classicalintrafascial supracervicalhysterectomy (CISH);laparoscopically assisted vaginalhysterectomy (LAVH); radicalvaginal hysterectomy;supracervical (subtotal)laparoscopic hysterectomy; totallaparoscopic hysterectomy(TLH)

for adhesions, 349–350classifications, 341

for endometriosis, 265, 349–350hemostasis during, 17indications, 341laparoscopic evaluation, 349for large myomas, 353–354outcome comparisons for vaginal/

abdominal/laparoscopic,356–361

preoperative evaluation, 342radical, origins of, 435technique, 342–349

bladder flap development, 344–345cardinal ligament, 346culdotomy, anterior/posterior, 346enterocoele prevention (Moschcowitz

procedure)upper broad ligament/adnexa, 342–344ureteral evaluation/dissection, 342uterine vessels, 345vaginal portion, 346

for thoracic endometriosis syndrome,261

hysterosalpingography (HSG)), 96for anatomic defect exclusion, 162complications, 96contraindications, 98for intrauterine adhesions, 144for uterine/mullerian abnormality

identification, 135vs. sonohysterography, in detection of

intrauterine pathology, 97hysteroscopic myomectomy

distention fluid, 153–154historical background, 152instrumentation, 152–153new techniques, 159–160patient evaluation/preparation, 154–156procedure, 156–158resultant menorrhagia/fertility, 158–159

hysteroscopic scissors, 144–146hysteroscopic septoplasty, 102hysteroscopic sterilization

Adiana system, 171Essure system


clinical use/technique, 165–167description/mechanism of action, 165histologic studies, 167–168patient tolerance/adverse events, 170pregnancy rates, 170

Ovion system, 170–171hysteroscopic tubal cannulation. See

proximal tubal blockproximal tubal block

diagnosis, 162management, 162technique, 163–164

hysteroscopy, 98–100, 137contraindicationdistending media choices, 99endometrial cancer diagnosis, 577–578

diatation and curettage, 577endometrial biopsy, 577–578observation, 578






624 — Index

hysteroscopy (Contd.)and gonadotropin-releasing hormone

agonist/oral contraceptives, 98,137

implications for peritoneal cytology,578–579

risk assessment, 578–579methodologies, 137procedures

endometrial polyp demonstration,100f

office performance of, 98patient tolerance of, 98submucosal leiomyomata, 101fvisual optimization of, 98

illumination issues, 3immune factor, in predisposition to disease,

254, 254tin vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm

injection (ICSI) cycles, 331in vitro fertilization (IVF)

with antiestrogen compounds, 87–88and breast cancer, 87ectopic pregnancy, as complication, 121and endometriosis, 297–298history of, 106and hydrosalpinges, 129and tubo-ovarian abscesses, 239

in vitro maturation (IVM) ofoocytes, 85–87

from antral follicles, 85history of, 85of preantral/primordial oocytes, 86–87short-course FSH stimulation prior to, 86

incidental appendectomy, by laparoscopy,545–546

indications. See also contraindicationsfor adnexal masses, 182–183for aortic lymphadenectomy, 466–467for cystoscopy, 537for hysterectomy, 341for intrauterine adhesions, 143–144for in vitro fertilization/assisted

reproductive technologies,106–113, 297

for laparoscopic vascular surgery, 516for laparoscopically assisted vaginal

hysterectomy, 361for oophorectomy, 199for ovarian cyst surgery, 183tfor pelvic lymphadenectomy, 466for presacral neurectomy, 426for surgery during pregnancy, 500for uterine septation surgery, 102

infertility. See also hydrosalpinges;salpingectomy

assessment of endometrial cavitydiagnostic modalities

hysterosalpingography, 96, 162hysteroscopy, 98–100saline sonohysterography, 97–98transvaginal sonography, 97

causes of, 129proximal tube occlusion, 162

and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),244

uterine factor, and tuberculousendometriosis, 102

inflammatory bowel diseaseand gastrointestinal endometriosis, 529,

531and pelvic adhesions, 304and rectovaginal fistulas, 413

infundibulopelvic ligament management,199–202

inner cell mass (ICM), of blastocysthuman embryonic stem cells derivation

from, 91insemination catheters, 97inspection for endometriosis, 52insufflator, 12, 33insulin resistance, and polycystic ovarian

syndrome (PCOS), 244Interceed (oxidized regenerated cellulose),

309Intergel ferric ion, 308interstitial pregnancy, 228–231intracorporeal knotting, of sutures, 64intraoperative complications, 36–37

CO2 embolism, 36fluid balance, 36heat loss, 36–37nerve injury, 36pneumomediastinum, 36pneumothorax, 36subcutaneous emphysema, 36

intraperitoneal catheters, and second-looklaparoscopy, 478–479

intraperitoneal lymphadenectomy, 435intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal anatomy

broad ligament, base of, 71–73para-aortic region, 76pelvis

avascular spacespararectal, 74paravesical space, 73presacral space, 74prevesical space of Retzius, 73vesicovaginal/rectovaginal spaces, 74

brim, 70lymph nodes, 71sidewall, 70–71

superficial intraperitoneal anatomy, 70ureters, 81–82

intrauterine adhesionshysteroscopic evaluation/treatment

diagnosis/indications for treatment,143–144

hysterosalpingogram, 144hysterosalpingography/hysteroscopy

combination, 143etiology/pathophysiology, 143intra-/postoperative management, 149treatment methods, 144–149treatment results, 149–150

stages of, 143intrauterine devices (IUDs), 216intrauterine synechiae, 102intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), 366

Jaboulay, M., 425Jacobi, C. A., 491Jacobson, T. Z., 425James, C, 591Jarvis, G. J., 372Johnson, N. P., 431, 434Jones, H. W., 428Jones procedure, 134, 137Jurado, M., 181

Kadar, N., 217Kallen, B., 499Karande, V. C., 138Kavoussi, L. R., 439, 443, 445Kenton, K., 401Kim, D. H., 356Kim, S. H., 490Klingler, P. J., 479Knolmayer, T. J., 490KOH Colpotomizer system, 24, 346Kontoravdis, A., 130Krag, D. N., 447Krivak, T. C., 479Krone, H. A., 545Kudela, M., 579Kumaran, S. S., 414Kung, F. T., 579Kuno, K., 527Kwok, A., 425

Labate, J. S., 426Laine, S., 544Lang, G. S., 445laparoscope, 9laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 311–313laparoscopic lymphadenectomy, followed by

radical vaginal hysterectomy,458

laparoscopic morcellator, for specimenremoval, 320

laparoscopic myomectomy, 21, 23, 316–332.See also hysteroscopicmyomectomy; laparoscopicallyassisted myomectomy; vaginalmyomectomy/laparoscopicallyassisted vaginal myomectomy

and adnexal adhesions, 304disadvantages of, 334gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist

therapy for, 317, 328–329minilap myomectomy, 329

adhesion prevention, 329surgical technique, 328use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

agonists, 328–329vs. laparoscopic myomectomy,

329–330pregnancy following, 330–332specimen removal techniques, 320–321surgical technique, 317–319uterine rupture following, 330

laparoscopic radical hysterectomy withpelvic lymphadenectomy,458–463

laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, 404–405






Index — 625

laparoscopic surgery. See also diagnosticlaparoscopy; open laparoscopy;operative laparoscopy;postoperative issues;preoperative issues

for adnexal masses, 183–184anesthesia considerations, 37backlash to, 3–4benefits of, 183, 435disadvantages of, 27for ectopic pregnancy, 219–231for endometrial cancer, 465–473for endometriosis, 263–298hemodynamic changes during, 35high-risk patients, previous laparotomy,

48–52history of

1950s-early 1960s, 1early 1970s, 1–2endoscopic technology precursors, 2–3

Cameron cavicamera, 2gastrocamera, 2miniaturized endo-cameras, 3television/color film broadcasts, 3

illumination issues, 3pelviscopy demonstration, 4

inclusion in gynecologic residencyprograms, 3

for intestinal/omental injury evaluation,49

intraoperative complications, 36–37limitations of, 70metabolic response to, 35–36for neovaginal creation, 419–423performance statistics, U.S., 3during pregnancy, 184, 500–507principles of

end of operation, 52–53high-risk patients, 48–52patient preparation/position, 40pelvic exploration, 52pneumoperitoneum, 42–44postoperative care, 55–56preoperative evaluation, 40special techniques, 49–52trocar placement

accessory, 47–48primary, 44–47

Veress needle placement, 40–42renal response to, 35–36for rudimentary uterine horn, 363–365Vecchietti’s procedure, 419ventilatory changes during, 35

laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation (LUNA),430–434

anatomy, 430–432complications, 433double blind study, 430technique, 432–433

laparoscopic uterine suspension. See alsoOlshausen uterine suspension;Uterine Positioning by LigamentInvestment, Fixation, andTruncation (UPLIFT) technique

for pain/descensus, 394, 395–398

laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension,400–405

anatomy of, 400–404technique/results

uterosacral ligament suspension,401–404

laparoscopic vascular surgery (LVS), 516–518advantages of, 516aorto-bifemoral bypass technique,

517–518disadvantages of, 516–517indications/limitations of, 516role of, 518specific considerations, 516

laparoscopically assisted myomectomy,321–324

laparoscopically assisted vaginalhysterectomy (LAVH), 341,356–361

laparoscopically assisted vaginalmyomectomy (LAVM), 321

laparoscopically assisted vaginal radicalhysterectomy (LAVRH), 458

laparoscopy trainers, 553laparotomy

for ovarian cyst removal, 189vs. CO2 laser laparoscopy, 264vs. video-laparoscopy, 1, 264–265

laparotomy-type instruments, 27laser metroplasty, 137laser technology, 173, 263Latthe, P. M., 433Lauritsen, J. G., 106Lavergne, N., 140Lavin, J. M., 372lawsuits, for tubal sterilization failures, 4Leblanc, E., 475Lee, R. B., 427, 428Lee-Frankenhauser nerve plexus, 431, 432leiomyomas, 179

and embryo implantation, 100and fertility, 96intrauterine, resection of, 32laparoscopic myomectomy, 316–332uterine, and enlarged uterus, 41

Lenz, S., 106lesions, powder burn, 267leukemia, 90tLevenback, C., 447Leventhal, M. L., 209, 244, 245Leveque, J., 578Leveuf, J., 448Lichten, E. M., 430, 432Liebermann, J., 85ligament of Mackenrodt, 71LigaSure (LS) sealing device, 17, 344, 346,

350Lin, B-L, 173, 401flinear stapler, 19, 199, 286, 342, 476Liu, C. Y., 401Loffer, F. D., 577lower urinary tract (LUT) injury, from Burch

colposuspension, 371Luesley, D. M., 485Lundorff, P., 264

lung nodules, 258, 259luteal phase oocytes, 85Lyass, S., 500lymph nodes, of pelvis, 71lymphadenectomy, 435, 436–445

aortic lymphadenectomy, 466–467complications, 438–444

gastrointestinal injuries, 442–443genitourinary injuries, 443lymphocele/lymphedema, 443neurologic injuries, 443requiring laparotomy, 443–444vascular injuries, 439–442

followed by radical vaginal hysterectomy,458

learning curve, 445modalities, 445node retrieval adequacy, 444–445pelvic, with laparoscopic radical

hysterectomy, 458–463pelvic lymphadenectomy, 436–437

indications for, 466and microinvasive endometrial cancer,

466–467technique of

para-aortic lymphadenectomy,437–438

pelvic lymphadenectomy, 436–437lymphatic mapping

evaluation of, and sentinel node biopsy,447–448

M.D. Anderson technique, and sentinelnode biopsy, 448

safety of, 448technical challenges, for cervical cancer,

448lymphoma,Lyons, T. L., 404, 405lysis of bowel adhesions, 269–270

Mackenrodt, R., 284Mage, G., 211magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

for adnexal masses, 181, 184, 188for myomas, 316for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),

238for rudimentary uterine horn, 363for thoracic endometriosis, 259for uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),

335for uterine mapping, 322

Magos, A., 137Maher, C. F., 395Mais, V., 309major vascular injury (MVI), 520–523

of abdominal wall, 372anatomic landmarks, 521avoidance, from Veress needle

insertion, 41etiology of, 520incidence, 520from lymphadenectomy, 439–442from minimally invasive slings, 389–390from MIS, 389–390






626 — Index

major vascular injury (MVI) (Contd.)operating table

patient position, 521surgeon position, 521

from presacral neurectomy, 428presentation, 520prevention

surgeon position, 523trocar design, 522trocar placement, 522–523

surgeon’s preventive role, 520–521treatment of, 521from trocars, 11, 44, 47, 57

Malur, S., 444, 450Manual of Endoscopy (AAGL), 2, 583tManufacturer and User Facility Device

Experience (MAUDE) database,of FDA

Cryogen system averse reports, 173HydroThermAblator system adverse

reports, 176Novasure system adverse reports, 174Thermachoice system adverse reports,

173Margossian, H., 372, 398, 404Markenson, G. A., 46Marret, H., 317Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK)

colposuspension, 366Martin, D. C., 271Matorras, R., 266Matthew, G., 490Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH)

syndrome, 251, 363, 417–419.See also Mullerian, Renal,Cervicothoracic, Somite(MURCS) abnormalities;neovaginoplasty

diagnosis, 417–418etiology, 417genital anatomy, 417symptoms, 417treatment, 418–419

Mazze, R. I., 499Mazzon, I., 579McCarus, S. D., 21, 58McIndoe, A. H., 418medical treatments

for abnormal uterine bleeding, 155for adnexal masses, 188–189for ectopic pregnancy, 232–233for infertility/premature ovarian

failure, 83for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

245for thoracic endometriosis, 260for tubo-ovarian abscesses, 242

Meigs, J. V., 427, 428Meirow, D., 89Melendez, T., 445melphalan, 87tmenometrorrhagia, 316menorrhagia, 102

and hysteroscopic myomectomies,158–159

Menzies, D., 304metabolic response, to laparoscopic

surgery, 35methotrexate (MTX), 87t

efficacy/accessibility of, 232and tubal abortion, 232for unruptured ectopic pregnancy,

232–233Miannay, E., 374microinvasive endometrial cancer, 466–467

aortic lymphadenectomy, 466–467aortic nodal dissemination, 466pelvic dissemination, 466pelvic lymphadenectomy indications, 466

microscopic endometriosis, 267Microwave Endometrial Ablation (MEA)

systemmethodology, 175–176outcomes, 176risk factors, 176

Miklos, J. R., 400minilap myomectomy, 329

adhesion prevention, 329surgical technique, 328use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

agonists, 328–329vs. laparoscopic myomectomy, 329–330

minimal access surgery (MAS), for infantsand children, 509–514. See alsopediatric procedures

anesthesia, 509instruments, 509positioning, 510reasons for, 509trocar insertion, 510

minimally invasive gynecologic surgery, androbotics, 567–575

minimally invasive slings (MIS), 378–391.See also stress urinaryincontinence (SUI)

complications, 389–390bladder perforations, 389bowel injury, 390vascular injury, 389–390

with concomitant surgery, 391postoperative management, 390–391

incomplete bladder emptying, 390pain, 391vaginal/urethral erosions, 390–391

transobturator tape (TOT) procedure,386–388

technique, 387–388variations, 388

Minke, T., 211Mobertg, A. C., 544Modi, P., 528Mohr, L., 84Molander, P., 237, 238Molloy, D., 57morcellators, 21, 320Moreira, H., Jr., 491Morgagni, cyst of, 199Morris, W. J., 271Morton, D. L., 447Moschowitz procedure, 348–349

mucinous cystadenomas, 179, 192fmucus plugs, 129Muller, P., 134Mullerian, Renal, Cervicothoracic, Somite

(MURCS) abnormalities, 417mullerian abnormalities, 134Mutter, D., 492, 493mycobacteria, 102Mycoplasma hominis, 237myoma screw, 21myomas. See also uterine leiomyomas

bimanual pelvic/rectal examination for,316

large, hysterectomy for, 353–354multiple myomas, 323pedunculated myomas, 318symptoms of, 316

myomectomy. See hysteroscopicmyomectomy; laparoscopicmyomectomy; laparoscopicallyassisted myomectomy; minilapmyomectomy; vaginalmyomectomy/laparoscopicallyassisted vaginal myomectomy

Nagarsheth, N. P., 479Namnoum, A. B., 266Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 237neosalpingostomy, 15neovaginoplasty, 419–423. See also Mayer-

Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser(MRKH) syndrome

modification of Vecchietti operation,419–422

results, 422–423Schiller’s test/vaginoscopy tests, 422through pelvic perineum, 419

neuroblastomas, 90tneuropathies

from laparoscopic surgery, 36, 367Neuwirth, R. S., 173Nezhat, C., 187, 189, 195, 240, 304, 317, 321,

404, 405, 414, 425, 427, 435, 436complex surgeries performed by, 5–6introduction of video-laparoscopy, 1, 3,

407relationship with surgical instrument

companies, 5self-doubt of, 6as “unreasonable man” of vision, 1

Nezhat, F., 306, 321, 427, 435, 436, 489Nicoletto, M. O., 485Nissole-Pochet, M., 271nodular endometriosis, 267non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 90tnongenital rhabdomyosarcoma, 90tNovasure system, for endometrial ablation

methodology, 174outcomes, 174risk factors, 174

Novy, M. J., 163

Obermair, A., 578, 579obese patients

and Veress needle placement, 42, 48






Index — 627

obesityand polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

244Oktay, K., 87, 88, 89Oliveira, F. G., 331Olshausen uterine suspension, 394Olufowobi, O., 330oocytes

cryopreservation, 83–85efficiency, vs. embryo cryopreservation,

84history of, 84of immature oocytes, 85potential problems, 84slow freezing of mature human oocytes,

84vitrification of mature human oocytes,

84, 85embryonic stem cells generation of,

91–92luteal phase oocytes, 85mature human, vitrification of, 84, 85preantral, in vitro maturation of, 86–87in vitro maturation of, 85–87

oophorectomyfor endometriosis, 265, 266hemostasis during, 17indications for, 199and salpingo-oophorectomy

adherent adnexa, 206dysgenetic gonads, 205–206endoligature, 204–205infundibulopelvic ligament

management, 199–202and ovarian remnant syndrome,

211–212of ovarian torsion, 211ovarian wedge resection, 209–211removal of tissue, 209residual ovary, 206–209stapling device, 203–204

open laparoscopy, 46–47open surgery, shift to video-laparoscopy, 1operating room setup, 32

positioning of table, 32–33Operative Gynecology (TeLinde), 2, 583toperative hysteroscopy, with scissors, 137operative laparoscopy, 269optical trocars, 58optics/video systems, 3oral contraceptives

for cystic adnexal masses, 188for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

245for thoracic endometriosis, 260

osteosarcoma, 90tOstrzenski, A., 527ovarian cancer, 179, 182, 184, 187, 248

concerns about laparoscopy and, 479–480cytoreductive surgery for, 440early, 475–480

borderline tumors, 475–476stage I survival rates, 475surgical technique, 476–478

GOG study, 475, 484, 485

and hand-assisted laparoscopy, 479and laparoscopic optimal cytoreductive

surgery, 478and second-look laparoscopy and

intraperitoneal catheterinsertion, 435, 478–479

surgical staging for, 184, 475, 478surgical training/patient referral for, 480

ovarian cysts. See also benign cysticteratomas; endometriosis

aspiration/non-removal of, 2, 188, 189,191

management of, 191ovarian cystectomy, 191, 195

colpotomy, 195containment bags,

preoperative evaluation, 191removal by laparotomy, 189surgical indications, 183ttreatment with oral contraceptives, 188

ovarian endometriosis, 271–277ovarian hyperthecosis, 244ovarian remnant syndrome

prevention, 249risk factors, 247treatment, 247–249

ovariesbiopsies of, 199endometriosis of, 263ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, 245ovarian remnant syndrome, 211–212ovarian torsion, 211ovariolysis, 15polycystic-appearing, and polycystic

ovarian syndrome (PCOS), 244stimulation, for assisted reproductive

technologies, 106–107tissue cryopreservation,

germ stem cell hypothesis, case study, 83history of, 87human trials/techniques, 88–90pharmacologic ovarian protection, 87,

87t (See also gonadotoxicity, ofchemotherapeutic agents)

in vitro fertilization with antiestrogencompounds, 87–88

tissue transplantationheterotopic ovarian cortical strip,

89, 90fintact human ovary w/vascular

pedicle, 90orthotopic ovarian cortical strip, 88, 89fsafety of; transmission of cancer cells,

90, 91ftumors

benign, 180tmalignant, histologic classification, 183tmarkers of, 181t

wedge resection of, 199, 209, 209tOvion system, of sterilization, 170–171oxidized regenerated cellulose (Interceed),

309

paclitaxel, 87tPagidas, K., 309

pain management, of pelvislaparoscopic uterine nerve ablation

(LUNA), 430–434presacral neurectomy, 425–429

Pantaleoni, D. C., 577Paolucci, V., 489PAP. See pulmonary artery pressures (PAP)Papasakelariou, C., 371Papsin, F. R., 23–24para-aortic lymphadenectomy, 437–438para-aortic region, 76para-ovarian peritubal adhesions, 304Paraiso, M., 375pararectal spaces, 74paravesical space, 73parietal peritoneum, 70Parks, A. S., 84Parrott, D., 87Parsanezhad, M. E., 140patients

by clinical indication/incision type, 49thigh-risk

previous laparotomy, 48–52incidence of adhesions, 49tspecial techniques, 49–52

incidence of injury, 50positioning of, 35, 40premenarchal, and adnexal masses,

179preparation of, 40by type/number of incisions, 49t

Pawlik, Anton, 453PCWP. See pulmonary wedge pressure

(PCWP)peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)

increase during pneumoperitoneum,35

Pearlstone, D. B., 489pediatric procedures

endoscopic subcutaneous procedures,excision for benign lesion,513–514

esophageal atresia repair, 513fetal surgery, 514fundoplication for GERD, 511minimum access surgery (MAS),

509–514pulmonary lobectomy, 512–513pylorectomy for pyloric stenosis,

510–511Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 511–512

pedunculated myomas, 318Pellerito, J. S., 135Pelosi, M. A., 324, 414, 479pelvic endometriosis, 259, 349–350pelvic floor

laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, vaultsuspension/uterine suspension,394–399

minimally invasive slings, 378–391neovaginoplasty, 419–423rectovaginal fistula repair, 413–415retropubic Burch colposuspension,

366–375vaginal vault suspension, 400–405






628 — Index

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 96, 112,129, 155, 162, 181, 212, 215

and adhesions, 304adhesions caused by, 240and chronic pelvic pain (CPP), 237, 239diagnostic procedures, 237–239etiologic agents, 237risk factors, 237and risk of ectopic pregnancy, 237sequelae of, 237treatment, 239–240

pelvic lymphadenectomy, 436–437indications for, 466and microinvasive endometrial cancer,

466–467selection of patients for avoidance,

466–471pelvic pain, treatment

laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation(LUNA), 430–434

presacral neurectomy, 425–429pelvis

avascular spacespararectal space, 74paravesical space, 73presacral space, 74prevesical space of Retzius, 73vesicovaginal/rectovaginal spaces, 74

brim, 70exploration of, 52imaging techniques, 181inflammatory disease of, 129lymph nodes, 71sidewall, 70–71

first layer, 70–71second layer, 71third layer, 71

ultrasonography of, 238pelviscopy demonstration, by Semm, 4Penfield, A. J., 47Perez, J. J., 425Perino, A., 137peritoneal cysts,peritoneal cytology

and hysteroscopy, implications for,578–579

peritoneal dialysis, long-term continuousambulatory, 304

peritoneal factor, in predisposition todisease, 253–254

peritoneal implants, 267, 270–271peritoneal instillates, for adhesions

crystalloids, 30732% Dextran 70 (Hyskon), 307–308hyaluronic acid, 308

and carboxymethylcellulose, 308with ferric ion (intergel), 308

hydrogel (SprayGel), 308viscous gel, 308–309

peritoneal mesothelial (PMCs), 252peritonitis, bacterial/chemical, 237, 304Persson, J., 370, 374, 375petechial hemorrhages, 537Peterson, H. B., 597Phillips, D. R., 324

Phillips, Jordan, 4Pincus, Gregory, 85Pittock, S. T., 417Plante, M., 449, 451Plentl, A. A., 448pleurodesis, for thoracic endometriosis

syndrome, 260pneumomediastinum, 36pneumoperitoneum, 35, 42–44

complicationsprevention, 584recognition, 584treatment,

head down positionincreased pulmonary wedge

pressure/pulmonary arterypressure, 35

increased PIP during, 35maintenance through Veress needle, 42

pneumoperitoneum, and port-site metastasis(PSM), 489–495

pneumothorax, 36Polan, M. L., 173, 427Polascik, T. J., 374Polge, C., 84polycystic ovarian disease (POD), 85, 209polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

210clinical features, 244–245diagnosis, 244pathogenesis, 244treatment, 245–246

polyps, 129Pomel, C., 443, 444Popp, L. W., 419Porcu, E., 84port-site metastasis (PSM), and

pneumoperitoneum, 489–495clinical data/current update, 493–494

gastrointestinal malignancy, 494genitourinary malignancy, 494gynecologic malignancy, 493–494

definition, 489early reports/incidence, 489–490etiology/pathogenesis/animal studies,

490–493aerosolization/chimney effect, 490–491direct wound implantation/instrument

contamination, 491effect of CO2

on peritoneal immune response, 492on systemic immune response, 492on tumor growth, 492–493

effect of different gases, 493pneumoperitoneum pressure, 491tissue trauma/tumor manipulation,

491–492prevention, 494–495

Porter, W., 401positive emission tomography (PET)

for adnexal masses, 181for cervical cancer, 452

postoperative issuescommon complaints, 56pain management, 37

postoperative care, 55–56recovery from anesthesia, 37

postpartum endometritis, 237postpartum hemorrhages, 102, 331powder burn lesions, 267preantral oocytes, in vitro maturation of,

86–87precocious puberty, 179precordial Doppler probes, 36pregnancy. See also ectopic pregnancy;

interstitial pregnancyabdominal surgery during, 499–507

appendicitis, 499–500, 546–549gallstone removal, 500laparoscopic surgery, 184, 264, 500–507

and adnexal mass management, 184–185following myomectomy, 330–332incidence in uterine horn, 363physiologic changes of, 499rate decline/improvement

contractions before embryo transfer,124

endometrial cavity placement ofembryo, 124

from Essure system, 170from hydrosalpinges, 129and ovarian endometriosis resection,

275and transabdominal ultrasonography,

115, 116, 117, 118risk factors, 499termination of, 102

premenarchal patients, and adnexal masses,179

preoperative issuesbowel preparation

one-day, 41tthree-day, 41t

preoperative evaluation, 37, 40presacral neurectomy, 425–429

anatomy, 425–426complications, 428–429indications, 426results, 427–428technique, 426–427

presacral (retrorectal) space, 74Presthus, J., 397prevesical (retropubic) space of Retzius, 73primary endometrial cancer, 465–466primary trocars, 9–11

complications, 585–587prevention, 585–586recognition, 586–587

placement of,conventional technique, 44–46direct insertion, 46open laparoscopy, 46–47

in rudimentary uterine horn excision, 364primordial germ cells (PGCs)

formation from embryonic stem cells, 91detection in vitro, 91, 92f

primordial oocytes, in vitro maturation of,86–87

procarbazine, 87tproctosigmoidoscopy






Index — 629

for intraoperative gynecological surgery,541

for ovarian remnant, 414for rectovaginal fistula, 413, 414

progestational agents, for thoracicendometriosis, 260

Protopapas, A. G., 239proximal tubal block

diagnosis, 162management, 162technique, 163–164

proximal tubal diseaseetiology

cornual synechiae, 129mucus plugs, 129polyps, 129salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 129tubal endometriosis, 129

proximal tubal occlusion (PTO), 162PTO. See proximal tubal occlusion (PTO)pulmonary artery pressures (PAP)

increase of, due to head down position, 35pulmonary lobectomy, for pediatric patients,

512–513pulmonary wedge pressure (PCWP)

increase of, due to head down position, 35Puttemansi, P., 272pylorectomy, for pediatric patients, 510–511

Querleu, D., 435, 436, 439, 444, 475Quint, E. H., 587

radially expanding trocars, 58radical vaginal hysterectomy. See also

laparoscopically assisted vaginalhysterectomy (LAVH)

for cervical cancer, 453historical background

Schauta-Amreich radical vaginalhysterectomy, 453–456

Schauta-Stoeckel radical vaginalhysterectomy, 456–458

laparoscopic lymphadenectomy followedby, 458

laparoscopically assisted, 458radiographs, of chest, for thoracic

endometriosis, 259radioimmunoassay, of β−human chorionic

gonadotropin (β−HCG), forectopic pregnancy, 215

Raga, F., 136Rahaman, J., 485Raiga, J., 240Rassweiler, J., 489rectal endometriosis, 533rectal examination, for myomas, 316rectouterine pouch, 70rectovaginal endometriosis, 287rectovaginal fistula

anatomy, 413classifications, 413diagnosis, 413etiology, 413surgical management

general principles, 414

postoperative care, 415technique, 414–415

symptoms of, 413rectovaginal spaces, 74recurrent endometrial cancer, 472–473recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), 134Reedy, M. B., 501REI physician. See reproductive

endocrinology and infertility(REI) physician

Reiertsen, O., 544renal response, to laparoscopic surgery,

35–36reproductive endocrinology and infertility

(REI) physician, 106reproductive medicine

oocyte cryopreservation, 83–85history of, 84of immature oocytes, 85slow freezing of mature human oocytes,

84vitrification of mature human oocytes,

84, 85in vitro maturation of oocytes, 85–87

from antral follicles, 85history of, 85of preantral/primordial oocytes, 86–87

resectionsof bowels, 17, 40, 284, 285–287of fallopian tubes, 223of intrauterine leiomyomas, 32of ovarian endometriosis, 271–277of ovaries (See wedge resection, of ovaries)

resectoscope, 137, 146–148, 173residual ovary, 206–209retrograde menstruation, theory of, 251–252retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, 435retroperitoneal sarcoma,retropubic Burch colposuspension, 366–375.

See also genuine stressincontinence (GSI)

comparative resultslaparoscopic Burch vs. tension-free

vaginal tape suburethral sling,374–375

laparoscopic vs. open Burchcolposuspension, 373–374

complications, 371–372evaluation for, 366–367outcomes, 370–371patient selection, 366procedural evolution, 366surgical anatomy, 367surgical procedure, 367–369

entry into space of Retzius, 369–370procedural combinations, 369

retropubic urethral suspension,operative technique,

balloon dissector,preperitoneal approach,

preoperative evaluation,Retzius, space of, 73Reymond, M. A., 491Richardson, A. C., 401Richter’s hernias, 60

Ridley, J. H., 252risk factors. See also high-risk patients

of adhesions, 304–305blunt trocars vs. sharp trocars, 11of bowel laceration, reduction of, 47of colpotomy, 209of common peroneal/sciatic nerve

injury, 36of Cryogen, 174–175of ectopic pregnancy, 215, 216tof fiber-equipped laser, 33of gastric regurgitation, minimization of, 37of HydroThermAblator, 176of hypothermia, decreased, from Stryker

Endoscopy Insufflator, 12of incisional hernia, 26of intra-abdominal visceral/uterine/

vascular injury, trocar lesseningof, 47

of Microwave Endometrial Ablation, 176of Novasure, 174of ovarian neoplasms, 190of ovarian remnant syndrome, 247of pelvic inflammatory disease, 237of pregnancy, 499for stress urinary incontinence, 379of Thermachoice, 173from Veress needle placement, 40

robot-assisted laparoscopy, 31–32, 562–565complications, 575future development possibilities, 565for gynecologic oncology, 572gynecologic uses, 564–565, 567–570for hysterectomy, 572and minimally invasive gynecologic

surgery, 567–575for myomectomy, 570–571platform classification, 562–563pros/cons, 563–564for tubal reanastomosis, 572–574for urogynecology, 572

robotics, 31–32Rock, J. A., 428Rokitansky, C., 263Rokitansky syndrome. See Mayer-

Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser(MRKH) syndrome

Rosenblatt, P., 371Ross, J. W., 400, 405Rothman, D., 418, 419round ligament, 70Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, for adolescent

morbid obesity, 511–512Royal, H. D., 448rudimentary uterine horn

diagnosis, 363laparoscopic excision of, 363–365surgical technique, 364treatment, 363

Ruggi, T., 425Rukstalis, D. B., 445

Salim, R., 134saline infusion sonography (SIS), 97–98,

135–136, 155






630 — Index

salpingectomy, 130–133criticism of, 130–132for ectopic pregnancy, 223–231technique for, 132–133

salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 129, 155,162

salpingo-oophorectomy, and oophorectomy.See also bilateralsalpingo-oopherectomy (BSO)

adherent adnexa, 206dysgenetic gonads, 205–206endoligature, 204–205for endometriosis, 265infundibulopelvic ligament management,

199–202ovarian remnant syndrome, 211–212ovarian torsion, 211ovarian wedge resection, 209–211removal of tissue, 209residual ovary, 206–209stapling device, 203–204

salpingotomy/salpingostomy, for ectopicpregnancy, 223–231

Salvat, J., 435, 436Sampson, J. A., 251, 271, 284Santoro, R., 489sarcoma, retroperitoneal, 179Sassone, A., 181Saye, W., 400Schauta, Frederik, 453Schauta-Amreich radical vaginal

hysterectomy, 453–456Schauta-Stoeckel radical vaginal

hysterectomy, 456–458Schiller’s test, for neovaginal creation,

422Schistosoma pathogen, 102Schuessler, W., 366Schull, B. L., 401Schwartz, O. H., 83Sciarra, J. J., 134, 143scissors, 15Scott, P., 137second-look surgery

advantagesoverview, 482predictive accuracy, 482–483predictive variables, 484prognostic value, 484

defined, 482disadvantages

morbidity, 485overview, 484–485

for gynecologic malignancy,482–487

and intraperitoneal catheter insertion,478–479

and ovarian cancer, 435, 478–479role of, 485–487

secondary trocars, 11Selvaggi, L., 579Seman, E. L., 404Semm, Kurt, 199, 356, 419, 544

pelviscopy demonstration by, 4Semm pelvic trainer, 553

sentinel lymph nodebiopsy

and evaluation of lymphatic mapping,447–448

and M.D. Anderson technique forlymphatic mapping, 448

identification, in cervical cancer,449–451

Seprafilm (combined hyaluronic acid andcarboxymethylcellulose),310–311

Seracchioli, R., 331, 353, 476serial turboFLASH images, 188serous cystadenomas, 179serrated edged macro morcellator (SEMM),

21serum markers, 188sex hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG), and

polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), 244

Shull, B. L., 401Sigel, B., 200sigmoidoscopy, intraoperative, in

gynecologic surgery, 541–543.See also proctosigmoidoscopy

for bowel resection, 287indications, 541–543instrumentation, 541for ovarian remnant, 248for rectosigmoid endometriosis, 40for rectovaginal fistula, 413, 414technique, 541

simulators/trainers, 549endoluminal vascular trainers,

553–557laparoscopy trainers, 553new definition, 549physical trainers, 555–556Semm pelvic trainer, 553validation studies, 557–560virtual reality: high fidelity

electronic user data and haptics, 556telectronic user date with/without

haptics, 557single-chip cameras, 28Sinha, R., 317, 321SIS. See saline infusion sonography (SIS)Smith, A. U., 84Society of American Gastrointestinal

Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES),506

Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO),579

Soderstrom, R. M., 582soft embryo catheters, 116, 120solid adhesion barriers, for adhesions

expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,309–310

hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose,310–311

oxidized regenerated cellulose, 309sonography, trans-vaginal, 577sonohysterography. See saline-infused

sonogram (SIS)Soong, Y. K., 419, 428

space of Retzius, 73in Burch colposuspension, 366, 369–370dissection of, and retropubic

urethropexies, 380specimen removal/retrieval

retrieval bags, 21–23techniques, 320–321

specimen removal techniques, 320–321Speights, S. E., 371Spirtos, N. M., 443, 444spontaneous abortions, 100, 123, 124, 140

and abdominal surgery, 499and adnexal masses, 184and ectopic pregnancy, 216, 217and hysteroscopic septoplasty, 102and intrauterine adhesions, 144and myomectomy, 331and ovarian wedge resection, 210and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

245and uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),

338spoon forceps, 19SprayGel hydrogel, 308squamous cell carcinoma, of cervix, 90tstapling device, for oophorectomy, 203–204Stein, I. F., 209, 244, 245stem cell transplantation, case history, 83Steptoe, P. C., 106sterilization techniques

Adiana system, 171Essure system


clinical use/technique, 165–167description/mechanism of action, 165histologic studies, 167–168patient tolerance/adverse events, 170pregnancy rates, 170

Ovion system, 170–171Stoeckel, W., 453Stones, R. W., 425Streptococcus agalactiae, 237stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 375. See

also minimally invasive slings(MIS)

anatomy of, 378physiology of, 378–379readjustable slings, 388–389risk factors, 379surgical repair evolution, 379–382

anterior repairs (Kelly plication),379–380

needle suspension, 382open slings, 382retropubic urethropexies, 380–381

tension-free vaginal tape suburethral sling(TVT), 374–375

for stress urinary incontinencepreoperative evaluation, 383technique, 383–386

transobturator tape (TOT) procedure,386–388







Index — 631

Stringer, N. H., 319Stryker Endoscopy Insufflator, 12Su, T., 372, 373subcutaneous emphysema, 36submucosal leiomyomata

detection technique comparison, 102hysteroscopic demonstration, 101f

subtotal laparoscopic hysterectomy (SLH),341, 356

suction-irrigator probe, 13Sudik, R., 330Sulak, P. J., 162Summitt, R. L., 373supracervical (subtotal) laparoscopic

hysterectomy. See subtotallaparoscopic hysterectomy(SLH)

surgical complicationspostoperative, 595–597

bleeding, 595–596incisional hernia, 596–597infection, 596nerve injuries, 596pain, 596vaginal cuff dehiscence, 597

prevention, 582procedural failures, 583

anesthesia, 587–588bladder injuries, 589bleeding, 588–589bowel injuries, large, 595bowel injuries, small, 592–595pneumoperitoneum establishment,

584–585trocar injuries, accessory, 587trocar injuries, primary, 585–587ureteral injuries, 589–590uterine injuries, 589Veress needle placement, 583–584

surgical stagingafter endometrial cancer in hysterectomy

specimen, 472–473for endometrial cancer, 466, 472–473for lymphadenectomy, 441, 466for malignant ovarian neoplasm, 183for ovarian cancer, 184, 475, 478

surgical technique. See also minimal accesssurgery (MAS)

for adhesion prevention, 305for early ovarian cancer, 475, 476–478for endometrial cancer, 465for endometriosis, 278–279endoscopic, advances in, 263for genitourinary endometriosis, 278–279for genitourinary injuries, 443for genitourinary prolapse, 317–319for hydrosalpinges, 129for metroplasty, 476for minilap myomectomy, 328for myomectomy, 317–319onset of electrosurgical techniques, 152for presacral neurectomy, 425for rudimentary uterine horn, 364for vaginal vault prolapse, 411for vesicovaginal fistulas, 409

Surrey, E. S., 331Sutton, C., 430suturing, laparoscopic

da Vinci surgical robot device, 319Endoloop (Ethicon) suture, 64extracorporeal knotting, 64–69intracorporeal knotting, 64material, 64synthetic absorbable polyglactin, 318

SVR. See systemic vascular resistance (SVR)Sweden

ectopic pregnancy statistics, 215synechiae, intrauterine, 102syringe test, of Veress needle placement,

41–42systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

increase, during laparoscopy, 35

Tanagho, E., 366, 368Tanaguchi, F., 323tension-free vaginal tape suburethral sling

(TVT), 374–375for stress urinary incontinence

preoperative evaluation, 383technique, 383–386

variations, 386teratomas, benign cystic, 179, 192fTES. See thoracic endometriosis syndrome

(TES)Textbook of Laparoscopy (Hulka), 2, 583tThermachoice system, for endometrial

ablationmethodology, 173–174outcomes, 173–174risk factors, 173

Thomas, W. M., 491thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES). See

also catamenial hemoptysis(CH); catamenial hemothorax(CHt); catamenialpneumothorax (CP); lungnodules; video-assistedthoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

clinical entities of, 258clinical features, 259diagnosis, 259–260epidemiology, 258etiology/pathogenesis, 258–259treatment options

combined treatment, 261medical treatment, 260surgical treatment, 260–261

thoracocentesis, for thoracic endometriosis,259

three-chip cameras, 28three-dimensional ultrasonography,

122–123Timor-Tritsch, I. E., 238Tjaden, B., 425, 427Tompkins procedure, 134, 137TOT procedure. See transobturator tape

(TOT) proceduretotal laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), 341,

354–356Tozzi, R., 475

transabdominal ultrasonographyadvantages/study results, 119–121alternate use of, 115–117, 118

improvement of transfer, cofoundingvariables, 117–118

catheter placement, 112, 115and ectopic pregnancy, 121and pregnancy rate improvement, 115,

116, 117, 118Transatlantic Society Consensus (TASC),

516, 518transesophageal echo, 36transobturator tape (TOT) procedure, for

stress urinary incontinence,386–388


transplantation, of ovarian tissueheterotopic ovarian cortical strip,

89, 90fintact human ovary w/vascular pedicle,

90orthotopic ovarian cortical strip,

88, 89fsafety of; transmission of cancer cells,

90, 91ftransrectal ultrasonography, 287transumbilical videolaparoscope, 476transvaginal sonography (TVS), 97, 121–122,

577for adnexal masses, 181, 187–188aspiration, combined with antibiotics, for

tubo-ovarian abscesses, 240for ectopic pregnancy, 215

treatment. See also assisted reproductivetechnologies (ARTs) treatment;medical treatments

of adnexal masses, 188, 197medical, 188–189recommendations, 189, 197

of anovulatory infertility, 209of ectopic pregnancy, 218–231

laparoscopic techniquessalpingectomy, 223–231salpingotomy, 219–231tubal resection, 223

medical treatment, 232–233of endometriosis, 1of intrauterine adhesions, 143–144of ovarian cysts, 188of ovarian remnant syndrome, 247–249of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),

239–240surgical, of hydrosalpinges, 129

proximal tube occlusion, 130salpingectomy, 130–133ultrasound hydrosalpinx fluid

aspiration, 130trocar port dilation instruments, 23trocars

abdominal insertion, 11accessory trocars, 47–48designs of, 57–58direct insertion vs. Veress needles, 46tdisposable trocars, 57–58






632 — Index

trocars (Contd.)Endopath (EES) trocars, 58injuries from

complication management, 58–60from insertion, 49, 57intra-abdominal

visceral/uterine/vascular injury,lessening of, 47

insertion, pediatric MAS, 510optical trocars, 58primary trocars, 9–11

complications, 585–587placement of

conventional technique, 44–46direct insertion, 46open laparoscopy, 46–47

radially expanding trocars, 58reusable vs. disposable, 46tin rudimentary uterine horn excision, 364sharp vs. blunt, complications, 11

Trounson, A., 84, 85Tseng, L. N., 492tubal abortions, 232tubal cannulation. See hysteroscopic tubal

cannulationtubal pregnancy. See ectopic pregnancytubal sterilization, 1, 2, 4tuberculosis, 162tuberculous endometritis, 102tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOA), 112, 179, 199.

See also pelvic inflammatorydisease

and endometriosis, 238–239and gynecologic cancer, in

postmenopausal women, 239laparoscopic management of, 240–242

Tulandi, T., 265, 309tunnel of Wertheim, 72TVS. See transvaginal sonography (TVS)

Ulmsten, U., 374, 383ultrasonography. See also transabdominal

ultrasonography; transrectalultrasonography; transvaginalsonography (TVS)

and embryo transfer, 115–126endoscopic ultrasound, 27false positive results, 187–188, 238for myomas, 316for noncervical transfer, 125of pelvis, 181, 238three-/four-dimensional ultrasonography,

122–123ultrasound, endoscopic, 27Umpleby, H. C., 489, 490unicornuate uterus, 134, 363United Kingdom

ectopic pregnancy statistics, 215United States

banning of DES, 103ectopic pregnancy statistics, 215endoscopic procedure statistics, 3hysterectomy statistics, 6, 173laparoscopic surgery sterilization

statistics, 1

National Television Systems Committeescanning rates, 30

ovarian neoplasm surgery statistics, 179UPLIFT technique. See Uterine Positioning

by Ligament Investment,Fixation, and Truncation(UPLIFT) technique

urachal cysts, 179Ureaplasma urealyticum, 237ureteroneocystostomy, 592ureteroureterostomy, 592ureters, 81–82

evaluation/dissection, for hysterectomy,342

injuriesanatomy, 527location/causes, 527management, 527–528prevention, 527recognition, 527

involvement, endometriosis, 278diagnosis, 278surgical technique, 278–279ureteral obstruction, 279–281

Ustun, Y., 375uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), 334–339

causes of failure, 337complications of, 338contraindications, 335efficacy of, 335–337and endometritis, 338patient evaluation for, 335postprocedural care/follow-up, 339and pregnancy, 338technique, 335vs. surgery, 337–338

uterine horn (hematometra), 363, 417uterine leiomyomas, 316uterine manipulators, 23–24, 317

HUMI, 23, 344Uterine Positioning by Ligament Investment,

Fixation, and Truncation(UPLIFT) technique. See alsoELEVEST procedure;laparoscopic uterine suspension

description, 394results/discussion, 394–395

uterine septumevaluation/management

embryology, 134morphology, 134–135procedure

complications, 140–141gynecoradiologic procedures, 138postoperative management, 138–139preoperative, 137results, 139–140surgery, 137–138

work-up, 135–137culdoscopy, 137hysterosalpingography (HSG), 135hysteroscopy, 137magnetic resonance imaging,

136–137saline infusion sonography, 135–136

Tompkins/Jones procedure approaches,134, 137

uterine suspensionmodified Olshausen uterine suspension,

394ventral suspension of round ligaments at

midpoint, 394–395uterosacral ligament suspension, 401–404uterosacral transection/ablation. See

laparoscopic uterine nerveablation (LUNA)

uterus. See also intrauterine adhesions;laparoscopic uterine suspension;Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome;neovaginoplasty

abnormal bleeding of, 173contractions before embryo transfer, 124embryo transfer, distance from fundus,

123endometriosis of, 263gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists

contraction of, 156rudimentary uterine horn excision,

363–365rupture of, following myomectomy, 330unicornuate uterus, 134, 363uterine manipulators, 23–24uterine septation, 101–102

vagal stimulation, and bradycardia/bradyarrhythmias, 35

vagina. See also cystourethrocele repair;laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy;laparoscopically assisted vaginalhysterectomy (LAVH);laparoscopically assisted vaginalmyomectomy (LAVM);neovaginoplasty; vesicovaginalfistular repair

anatomy, post-hysterectomy, 400–404prolapse of, 400support of, 378

vaginal myomectomy/laparoscopicallyassisted vaginal myomectomy(LAVH), 321

vaginal vault prolapse, 409–411vaginoscopy

for neovagina creation, 422for rectovaginal fistula, 413

Valle, R. F., 134, 139, 143Valpas, A., 375Valtchev, K. L., 23–24Vancaillie, T., 366Varras, M., 238vascular surgery. See laparoscopic vascular

surgery (LVS)vasovagal reaction, from

hysterosalpingography (HSG),96

Vecchietti, G., 418Vecchietti’s procedure, 419–420, 422ventilatory changes, during laparoscopy, 35

decreased thoracopulmonary compliance,35






Index — 633

Vercellini, P., 267, 272Veress needles, 11

complications from,management, 584prevention, 583–584recognition, 584

inadvertent vessel insertion, 36maintenance of pneumoperitoneum, 42obese patient placement, 42placement risks, 40

bowel distention, 48open laparoscopy minimization of,

46–47surgical placement of, 40–42

intraperitoneal location verificationalternate insertion sites, 42hanging drop method, 41syringe test, 41–42

tests for position confirmation, 45tvs. direct trocar insertion, 46t

Vermande-Van Eck, G. J., 83Vermesh, M., 218vesical endometriosis, 281–284

diagnosis, 281surgical management, 281–284

vesicovaginal fistula repair, 408

results,technique, 409

vesicovaginal/rectovaginal spaces, 74vessel-sealing systems, 17–19video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS),

258, 259, 260video systems development, 3videolaparoscopy. See also transumbilical

videolaparoscopedrawbacks of, 5general surgical acceptance of, 1gynecological roots of, 1introduction by Nezhat, 1, 407shift to from open surgery, 1vs. laparotomies, 1

videolaseroscopy, 1, 9, 33, 296, 405vincristine, 87tvirtual reality trainers: high fidelity

electronic user data and Haptics, 556telectronic user date with/without Haptics,

557viscous gel, adhesion barrier, 308–309vitrification

of mature human oocytes, 84, 85Vogel, M. F., 272Von Dembrowski, T., 305

Wallace catheters, 116Wangensteen, O. H., 482Wattiez, A., 353, 404, 405wedge resection, of ovaries, 199, 209, 209tweqetaeete,Wertheim, E., 453Wertheim, tunnel of, 72West, M. A., 492Wexner, S. D., 489Wheeless, C. R., 2, 541, 583tWhelan, R. L., 490Whitelaw, N., 430Wilm’s tumor, 90tWiner, W. K., 405Wiseman, D. M., 306Wittich, P., 490Wolf, S. L., 191Wolner-Hanssen P., 370Woolcott, R., 585

Yang, J. M., 374Yen, C. F., 396, 430, 434

Zerbe, M. J., 578Zeyneloglu, H. B., 129Zullo, F., 428






Cambridge University Press Edited by Camran Nezhat, Farr...

Documents

Transcript of Cambridge University Press Edited by Camran Nezhat, Farr...