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First page of the index to Joseph Scaliger’s De Emendatione Temporum (Frankfort edition, 1593).(Courtesy of the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.)
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70238-6 - Calendrical Calculations, Third EditionNachum Dershowitz and Edward M. ReingoldIndexMore information
Index
. . . there will be few who will consider the industry, labor, vigils which we havebestowed upon [the index], or the profit and utility that may be gathered from our
labors. For it is the equivalent of a whole book.—Joseph Scaliger: Letter to Isaac Casaubon (January 7, 1604)
It requires more scholarship to make a good index than to write the book that isindexed.
—George Foote Moore: Address at a reception of the HarvardGraduate School of Arts and Sciences (1925)
Function and constant names are given in boldface, and page numbers fora function are of four types: The page with the function definition is shown inboldface. The page with the type description is shown underlined. The page withthe corresponding Lisp code is shown in italics. Pages of other occurrences aregiven in roman.
Names of people are indexed according to the guidelines of The Chicago Manualof Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers, 14th ed., TheUniversity of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1993.
Symbols〈 〉 (list construction), 22〈 〉[ ] (list element selection), 22� � (ceiling function), xvi, 17� � (floor function), xvi, 17π (pi), xvi| | (absolute value function), xvi|| (list concatenation), 22∑
(summation operator), xvi, 20* (Lisp function), 361+ (Lisp function), 361- (Lisp function), 361/ (Lisp function), 361/= (Lisp relation), 361< (Lisp relation), 361
<= (Lisp relation), 361= (Lisp relation), 361> (Lisp relation), 361>= (Lisp relation), 3611+ (Lisp function), 3621- (Lisp function), 362
Aa.d. (= ante diem), 67Abdali, S. Kamal, 214, 331Abdollahy, Reza, 222Aberration, 189aberration, 189, 189, 342, 400Abraham ben David, 441Absolute value function (| |), xviAbu’l-Faraj, Gregory (= Bar Hebræus), 85
449
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450 Index
AccessR , 79A.D. (= Anno Domini), 10Adam, 92Adams, John Quincy, 239adar, 91, 91, 98, 107, 110, 356, 379Adar (Hebrew month), 90, 91, 103, 106–108adarii, 91, 91, 98, 107, 356, 379Adhika month (Hindu calendar), see Leap
months, HinduAdjusted remainder function ( amod ), xvi,
19advent, 59, 59, 342, 372Advent Sunday (Christian holiday), 59, 121Afghan Calendar, 217Africa, 5Afzal, Omar, 331Age
Chinese, 266–267Japanese, 269
A.H. (= Anno Hegiræ), 84Ahargan. a (Hindu calendar), 124Ahmad, Imad ad-Dean, 331Akrami, Musa, 214Al-Azhar University, 328Alaska, 47Albumazar, see Falaki, Abu-Ma’shar al-Alexandria (Egypt), Church of, 113Ali, H. Amir, 282Ali-Ahyaie, Masahallah, 219Almagest, 25, 92, 282alt-fixed-from-gregorian, 54, 54–56, 65,
342, 370alt-gregorian-from-fixed, 55, 55, 65, 342,
370alt-gregorian-year-from-fixed, 56, 56, 342,
370alt-hindu-sunrise, 298, 298, 301–303, 342,
429alt-orthodox-easter, 116, 116, 342, 385A.M.
Anno Martyrum, 74Anno Mundi, 91
a.m. (= ante meridiem), xvamod, 342, 363Amod function, see Adjusted remainder
functionAndhra Pradesh (India), 274Anggara Kasih (Balinese holiday), 160angle, 342, 396angle-from-degrees, 24, 24, 342, 366Angles
representation, 24solar depression, 212
Annunciation (Orthodox holiday), 71Anomaly, 282, 283, 285
lunar, 199, 317solar, 199, 317
A.P. (= Anno Persico or Anno Persarum), 217Apogee, 283, 317apparent-from-local, 184, 184, 326, 342,
397approx-moment-of-depression, 208, 208,
209, 342, 408april, 48, 48, 115, 117, 270, 356, 368Arabian Peninsula, 236Arc of light, 326arccos-degrees, 342, 395arcsin-degrees, 342, 395arctan, 173, 186, 192, 213arctan-degrees, 173, 342, 395Ari the Learned, 80Aries (constellation), 127, 186
first point of, 174, 185, 186arithmetic-french-from-fixed, 243, 243,
342, 417arithmetic-french-leap-year?, 243, 243,
342, 416arithmetic-persian-from-fixed, 224, 224,
342, 412arithmetic-persian-leap-year?, 222, 222,
342, 412arithmetic-persian-year-from-fixed, 224,
224, 342, 412Arithmetical calendars, 45–169, 221–225,
231–233, 242–244Armenian calendar, 5–6, 11, 25–26
days, 5epagomenæ, 26epoch, 15, 25Lisp code, 366–367months, 26sample dates, 441
armenian-date, 342, 366armenian-epoch, 25, 25, 26, 356, 366armenian-from-fixed, 26, 26, 342, 367Arouet, Francois Marie (= Voltaire), 48arya-jovian-period, 125, 125, 126, 356, 386arya-lunar-day, 129, 129, 133, 134, 356,
387arya-lunar-month, 129, 129, 131–134, 356,
387Arya-Siddhanta (First), 126
function definition function type Lisp code
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Index 451
arya-solar-month, 126, 126–129, 131–134,356, 386
arya-solar-year, 125, 125–127, 131–133,356, 386
Aryabhat.a, 126Ascension Day (Christian holiday), 119Ascension of ‘Abdu’l-Baha (Bahá’í holiday),
236Ascension of the Baha’u’llah (Bahá’í
holiday), 236Ascensional difference, 293Ash Wednesday (Christian fast), 59, 119, 121‘Ashura’ (Islamic holiday), 87Aslaksen, Helmer, xxv, 265, 272asr, 213, 213, 342, 410Asr (Moslem prayer time), 213Assumption (Christian holiday), 59astro-hindu-calendar-year, 300, 300, 302,
342, 430astro-hindu-lunar-from-fixed, 301, 301,
303, 342, 431astro-hindu-solar-from-fixed, 300, 300,
342, 430astro-hindu-sunset, 300, 300, 301, 342, 430astro-lunar-day-from-moment, 301,
301–303, 342, 431Astronomical calendars, 170–332Astronomical day numbers, see Julian day
numbersAstronomical lunar calendars, 332
classical Hebrew, 329–331Lisp code, 437–439observational Islamic, 328–329
astronomical-easter, 325, 325, 342, 438Astronomy, 171–213, 281–287
Hindu, 281–287Asura Maya, 275A.U.C. (= Ab Urbe Condita), 46, 69auc-year-from-julian-year, 70, 70, 343, 373Audette, Rodolphe, xxvaugust, 48, 48, 74, 76, 146, 270, 356, 368Augustine, Saint (= Aurelius Augustinus),
174autumn, 191, 191, 241, 356, 400av, 90, 90, 104, 356, 379Avanes, Armond, xxvAveni, Anthony F., 150Avron, Haim, xxvayanamsha, 299, 299, 343, 430ayyam-i-ha, 231, 231, 233, 235, 236, 356,
413
Ayyappa Jyothi Darshanam (Hindu holiday),304
Aztec calendar, 11, 29, 30, 138, 145–150, 479Lisp code, 390–392nemontemi, 146sample dates, 441tonalpohualli, 145, 148–149xihuitl, 145–147xiuhmolpilli, 149
aztec-correlation, 146, 146–148, 356, 390aztec-tonalpohualli-correlation, 148,
148–150, 356, 391aztec-tonalpohualli-date, 148, 343, 391aztec-tonalpohualli-from-fixed, 148, 148,
149, 343, 391aztec-tonalpohualli-name, 148, 343, 391aztec-tonalpohualli-number, 148, 343, 391aztec-tonalpohualli-on-or-before, 149, 149,
343, 391aztec-tonalpohualli-ordinal, 148, 148–150,
343, 391aztec-xihuitl-correlation, 147, 147, 150,
356, 390aztec-xihuitl-date, 147, 149, 343, 390aztec-xihuitl-day, 147, 343, 390aztec-xihuitl-from-fixed, 147, 147, 149, 343,
390aztec-xihuitl-month, 147, 149, 343, 390aztec-xihuitl-on-or-before, 147, 147, 149,
343, 391aztec-xihuitl-ordinal, 146, 146, 147, 150,
343, 390aztec-xihuitl-tonalpohualli-on-or-before,
149, 149, 343, 392aztec-xiuhmolpilli-designation, 343, 391aztec-xiuhmolpilli-from-fixed, 149, 149,
343, 391aztec-xiuhmolpilli-name, 343, 391aztec-xiuhmolpilli-number, 343, 391
BBab (= Mirza Ali Muhammad), 228, 229Babylonian calendar, 6Bach, Henri, 479Bahá’í calendar, 6, 11, 182, 229–237
days, 4, 13epoch, 15future, 187, 192, 193, 218, 229,
236–237holidays, 236–237implementation, 231–233
function definition function type Lisp code
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452 Index
leap-year rule, 229Lisp code, 413–415months, 230Near Eastern, 236–237New Year, 236, 237sample dates, 441structure, 229–231weekdays, 229Western, 231–233
Bahá’í New Year, see Feast of Naw-Ruzbahai-cycle, 343, 413bahai-date, 343, 413bahai-day, 343, 413bahai-epoch, 231, 231, 232, 235, 237, 356,
413bahai-from-fixed, 232, 232, 343, 414bahai-major, 343, 413bahai-month, 343, 413bahai-new-year, 236, 236, 343, 415bahai-year, 344, 413Baha’u’llah (= Mirza H. oseyn Ali Nuri), 229Bahula, see Month, dark fortnightBali, 5, 152, 153bali-asatawara, 344, 392bali-asatawara-from-fixed, 155, 158, 158,
344, 393bali-caturwara, 344, 392bali-caturwara-from-fixed, 155, 158, 158,
344, 393bali-dasawara, 344, 393bali-dasawara-from-fixed, 155, 157, 157,
158, 344, 393bali-day-from-fixed, 155, 155, 157–160,
344, 393bali-dwiwara, 344, 392bali-dwiwara-from-fixed, 155, 157, 157,
344, 393bali-epoch, 155, 155, 356, 393bali-luang, 344, 392bali-luang-from-fixed, 155, 158, 158, 344,
393bali-on-or-before, 159, 159, 344, 394bali-pancawara, 159, 344, 392bali-pancawara-from-fixed, 155, 155, 157,
344, 393bali-pawukon-from-fixed, 155, 155, 344,
394bali-sadwara, 159, 344, 392bali-sadwara-from-fixed, 155, 155, 344,
393bali-sangawara, 344, 392
bali-sangawara-from-fixed, 155, 158, 158,344, 393
bali-saptawara, 159, 344, 392bali-saptawara-from-fixed, 155, 155, 157,
344, 393bali-triwara, 344, 392bali-triwara-from-fixed, 155, 155, 344, 393bali-week-from-fixed, 157, 157, 344, 394Balinese Pawukon calendar, 5, 11, 28, 29,
153–161holidays, 155, 159–161Lisp code, 392–394sample dates, 441
balinese-date, 344, 392Balkh (Iran), 216Ball, John A., 60Banaras, see VaranasiBangladesh, 328Bar Hebræus, see Abu’l-Faraj, GregoryBar mitzvah (Jewish event), 105Bar, Kfir, xxvBargeloní, Abraham bar H. iyya al- (=
Savasorda), 89, 92, 111Bat mitzvah (Jewish event), 105B.C. (= Before Christ), 14B.C.E. (= Before the Common Era), 14bce, 344, 372B.E. (= Bahá’í Era), 231Beckwith, Roger T., 120Bede, Venerable, 12, 46, 113, 193Beijing (China), 175, 250–252, 255Belize, 137Beltrami, Olivier, xxvBen-Meir, Aaron, 93Benediktsson, Jakob, 80Bengal (India), 288Berlekamp, Elwyn R., 110, 121Bernal, Ignacio, 150Berzin, Alexander, 315Beyle, Marie-Henri (=Stendhal), 241Bhutan calendar, 315Bible
Daniel, 441Exodus, 91Ezekiel, 166Leviticus, 90Psalms, 4
Bien, Reinhold, 121Bierce, Ambrose, 476Bihar (India), 277binary-search, 21, 344, 364
function definition function type Lisp code
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70238-6 - Calendrical Calculations, Third EditionNachum Dershowitz and Edward M. ReingoldIndexMore information
Index 453
binary-search (binary search macro),364
Birashk, Ahmad, 85, 87, 217–219, 221, 222,225, 227
Birkath ha-H. ama (Jewish event), 105birkath-ha-hama, 105, 105, 344, 382Birth of ‘Abdu’l-Baha (Bahá’í holiday), 236Birth of the Bab (Bahá’í holiday), 236, 237Birth of the Baha’u’llah (Bahá’í holiday),
236, 237Birthday of Krishna (Hindu holiday), 306Birthday of Rama (Hindu holiday), 306, 309Bırunı, Abu-Raih. an Muh. ammad ibn ’Ah. mad
al-, 1, 82, 92, 94, 110, 123, 129,134, 226, 275, 278, 295
Bissextile years, see Leap yearsBissextus (leap day), 66Blackburn, Bonnie, 41, 71Bloch, Abraham P., 447Blue moon, 195Bodde, Derk, 273bogus, 102, 144, 145, 149, 208–212, 266,
342–346, 352–355, 357, 362, 446Bohras, 85Bolshevik Revolution, 47Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon (= Napoleon
III), 239Bonaparte, Napoleon, 239Boncompagni, Ugo, see Gregory XIII, PopeBornstein, H. ayyim Y., 89, 111Bowditch, Charles P., 150Brady, John, 244Brainerd, George W., 150Bramsen, William, 272Brand, Stewart, 324Braude, Morris, 9Bredon; Juliet, 272Bresenham, Jack E., 32Bretagnon, Pierre, 214Brewer, David, xxiBrisson, James F., 479Bromberg, Irvin L., xxv, 96Browne, Gerald M., xxvBrownfield, Marla, xxvBuda-Cemeng (Balinese holiday), 160Buda-Keliwon (Balinese holiday), 160Buddha’s Birthday (Buddhist holiday), 264,
306, 321Buddha’s Descent (Buddhist holiday), 322Buddha’s Enlightenment (Buddhist holiday),
322
Building of the Cross (Coptic holiday), 77Burgess, Ebenezer, 282, 312Burgess, James, 134, 312Burnaby, Sherrard B., 87, 111Bushwick, Nathan, 111
CC (computer language), 18, 19, 40, 365C++ (computer language), 18, 19, 40, 365Caching, 40Cæsar, Julius, 46, 62, 69Cæsarea (Israel), 46Cairo (Egypt), 328Cajori, Florian, 112Calendar
Afghan, 217arithmetical, 45–169, 221–225,
231–233, 242–244Armenian, 5–6, 11, 15, 25–26astronomical, 170–332
lunar, 325–332Aztec, 11, 29, 30, 138, 145–150, 479
tonalpohualli, 145, 148–149xihuitl, 145–147xiuhmolpilli, 149
Babylonian, 6Bahá’í, 4, 6, 11, 15, 182, 229–237
future, 187, 192, 193, 218, 229,236–237
Near Eastern, 236–237Western, 231–233
Balinese Pawukon, 5, 11, 28, 29,153–161
Bhutan, 315Chinese, xxii, 5–7, 11, 15, 28, 30–32,
89, 182, 187, 193, 195, 207,247–273, 275, 299, 316, 333–334
Coptic, 6, 7, 9–11, 15, 73–77, 105,164–165, 217
diurnal, 4ecclesiastical, 113–121Egyptian, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 24–25, 140Ethiopic, 6, 7, 9–11, 15, 75–76, 217French Revolutionary, xxii, 4, 6, 7, 10,
11, 15, 182, 207, 239–244modified, 242–244original, 187, 192, 193, 239–242
Generic cyclical, 163–168Gregorian, xx, 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16,
45–61, 70, 94–95, 104, 233, 234,275
function definition function type Lisp code
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454 Index
Hebrew, 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 89–112,123, 182, 207
classical, 326, 329–331Hindu, xxii, 6, 10, 11, 15, 28, 89,
123–135, 182, 185, 186, 195, 207,247, 255, 275–313, 315
modern, 7, 182, 185, 195, 275–313old, 7, 123–135, 275, 277, 289
Icelandic, 80Islamic, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 83–87, 89,
102, 182, 217, 222, 275observational, 11, 86, 328–329
ISO, 6, 11, 15, 79–81Jalalı, 217Japanese, 268–269Julian, 6, 7, 9–11, 15, 48, 57, 63–71,
105, 217, 479revised, 47, 70
Karaite, 329Korean, 269–271lunar, 6, 326–329lunisolar, 6, 35, 329–331Mayan, xxii, 10, 11, 15, 28, 29, 137–151
haab, 139–142, 144–145, 147long count, 138–139round, 144–145, 149tzolkin, 5, 30–31, 142–145, 148
Mongolian, 315Native American, 6, 239Nepali, 277Persian, 6, 7, 9–11, 15, 217–227
arithmetic, 221–225astronomical, 182, 187, 192, 193,
219–221Roman nomenclature, 11, 65–69Sherpa, 315solar, 6, 236taxonomy, 4–9Tibetan, 6, 10, 12, 15, 315–322Tsurphu, 315Vietnamese, 271–272Zoroastrian, 15, 26, 217
Casaubon, Isaac, 449Caso, Alfonso, 150Cassini, Jacques, 46Catholic Church, 121C.E. (= Common Era), 10ce, 344, 372Ceiling function (� �), xvi, 17cfs-alert, 211, 211Chaıne, Marius, 77
Chakravarty, Apurba K., 312Chamberlain, Basil H., 268Chandramana Ugadi, see New Year, Hindu
lunisolarChandran, Sharat, xxvChatterjee, S. K., 312Chaturvedi, Anoop, xxvChen, Jiujin, 272Chen, Shigang, xxvChesterfield, Earl of, see Stanhope, Philip D.China, see also Beijing, Nanjing, Shanxı,
and Xıan, 247, 268Chinese calendar, xxii, 5–7, 11, 28, 30–32,
89, 182, 187, 193, 195, 207,247–273, 316, 333–334
age, 266–267celestial stem names, 260days, 13epoch, 15, 258holidays, 264–266implementation, 258–260Lisp code, 417–423marriage auguries, 267–268misconceptions, 263–264month numbering, 252–258New Year, xxii, 248, 263–264, 266,
271, 332sample dates, 441sexagesimal cycle of names, 260–263solar terms, 248–251structure, 251–252terrestrial branch names, 261
chinese-age, 266, 266, 269, 344, 422chinese-branch, 344, 421chinese-cycle, 345, 417chinese-date, 345, 417chinese-day, 345, 417chinese-day-name-epoch, 262, 262, 357,
422chinese-day-name-on-or-before, 262, 262,
345, 422chinese-epoch, 258, 258–260, 264, 266,
357, 419chinese-from-fixed, 259, 259, 260, 267,
345, 420chinese-leap, 345, 417chinese-location, 248, 248, 250–252, 269,
345, 417chinese-month, 345, 417chinese-month-name-epoch, 262, 262, 357,
421
function definition function type Lisp code
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70238-6 - Calendrical Calculations, Third EditionNachum Dershowitz and Edward M. ReingoldIndexMore information
Index 455
chinese-name, 345, 421chinese-name-difference, 261, 261, 262,
345, 421chinese-name-of-day, 262, 262, 345, 422chinese-name-of-month, 262, 262, 345, 421chinese-name-of-year, 261, 261, 345, 421chinese-new-moon-before, 252, 252, 255,
258, 259, 345, 418chinese-new-moon-on-or-after, 251, 251,
253, 258–260, 345, 418chinese-new-year, 264, 264, 345, 419chinese-new-year-in-sui, 257, 257–259,
345, 419chinese-new-year-on-or-before, 258, 258,
260, 264, 345, 419chinese-no-major-solar-term?, 253, 253,
255, 258, 259, 345, 419chinese-prior-leap-month?, 255, 255, 259,
345, 421chinese-sexagesimal-name, 261, 261, 262,
345, 421chinese-solar-longitude-on-or-after, 250,
250, 251, 271, 345, 418chinese-stem, 345, 421chinese-winter-solstice-on-or-before, 251,
251, 258, 259, 345, 419chinese-year, 345, 417chinese-year-marriage-augury, 267, 267,
345, 422christmas, 59, 59, 345, 371Christmas (Christian holiday), 47, 59, 70–71,
77Christmas Fast (Orthodox fast), 71Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 79Cidenas, 92Clamen, Stewart M., xxv, xxvi, 137classical-passover-eve, 331, 331, 345, 439Clavius, Christopher (= Christoph Clau),
114, 116clock-from-moment, 23, 23, 24, 345, 366COBOL (computer language), xxCody, Aelred, 77Cohn, Berthold, 212, 214Common Lisp, see LispCompline (Christian prayer time), 213cond (Lisp function), 364Conditional expressions, 18Congo, 5Congress of the Orthodox Oriental
Churches, 47, 70Conjunction, see Moon, new
Constantine the Great (= Flavius ValeriusConstantinus), 113
Conversions, time of day of, 12Conway, John H., 110, 121Cook, Michael A., 83Cope, Leona, 41Copeland, Jeffrey L., xxvCopernicus, Nicolaus (= Mikolaj Kopernik),
179Coptic calendar, 6, 7, 9–11, 33, 35, 36, 38,
46, 73–77, 105, 164–165, 217days, 13, 73, 74epagomenæ, 73, 165epoch, 15, 74holidays, 76–77implementation, 74–75leap-year rule, 74Lisp code, 375–376months, 73sample dates, 441structure, 73–74
coptic-christmas, 77, 77, 345, 376coptic-date, 345, 375coptic-epoch, 74, 74–76, 357, 375coptic-from-fixed, 74, 74, 76, 77, 105, 346,
376coptic-in-gregorian, 76, 76, 77, 105, 346,
376coptic-leap-year?, 74, 74, 346, 375Corpus Christi (Christian holiday), 121Corr, Franz, xxvCortés, Hernán, 30, 146cosine-degrees, 346, 395Cox, Nicholas J., xxvCoyne, George V., 60Craun, Edwin D., 42Cross, John, xxvCrossley, John N., 273current-major-solar-term, 248, 248, 253,
346, 417current-minor-solar-term, 250, 250, 268,
346, 418Cycles
of days, 27–30, 367of years, 32–39simultaneous, 5, 30–32, 142–145,
153–161, 261–262Cyprus, 101
D
function definition function type Lisp code
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456 Index
d’Églantine, Fabre (= Philippe FrancoisNazaire Fabre), 239
da Silva, Hezekiah ben David, 94Dabal, Ehssan, xxvDaivajna, Gan. esa, 285Dalai Lama, see Gyatso, TenzinDanki system (Korean calendar), 270Dasra (Hindu holiday), 306Date line, international, 47Dawn, 25, 207–213
astronomical, 212Islamic, 212Jewish, 212sample dates, 441
dawn, 209, 209, 210, 298, 346, 409Day, 4–6, 17, 177, 179–185
Armenian, 5Bahá’í, 13Chinese, 13civil, 207Coptic, 13, 73, 74ecclesiastical, 13Ethiopic, 13, 75expunged, 278, 303, 304, 307, 316French Revolutionary, 4Gregorian, 13, 45, 218Hebrew, 4, 13, 89Hindu, 4, 13, 124, 276intercalated, 278Islamic, 4, 13, 83Julian, 13, 45Korean, 270leap, 49, 64, 66, 278, 281, 289, 290,
303, 316lunar, 129, 133, 134, 278, 286, 290,
298, 303–305, 307, 309nautical, 13of week, determination, 27, 56–57Persian, 13, 26, 218sidereal, 185, 187, 207, 294solar, 174, 177, 185, 187, 294subdivisions, 207tropical, 185
day-number, 52, 52, 346, 370day-of-week-from-fixed, 27, 27, 56, 81, 103,
104, 109, 346, 362Daylight saving, United States, 59daylight-saving-end, 59, 59, 346, 371daylight-saving-start, 59, 59, 346, 371days-in-hebrew-year, 98, 98, 346, 381days-remaining, 52, 52, 346, 370
daytime-temporal-hour, 211, 211, 213, 346,410
de Blois, Francois C., 87, 227de Madariaga, Salvador, 30de Ossorio, Buenaventura Francisco, 112de Santillana, Giorgio, 258december, 48, 48, 50, 59, 64, 71, 80, 316,
357, 368Deckers, Michael H., xxv, xxvii, 54Declaration of the Bab (Bahá’í holiday),
236, 237Declercq, Georges, 121Declination, 174, 186declination, 186, 186, 205, 209, 213, 346,
400defconstant (Lisp construct), 361Deferent, 282, 283, 285defun (Lisp construct), 362deg, 346, 395degrees, 346, 395degrees-from-radians, 346, 395degrees-minutes-seconds, 346, 396Delrina Technology, xxiDeo, Narsingh, 42, 61Depression angles, 212Dershowitz, Erga, xxvDershowitz, Idan, xxvDershowitz, Nachum, iii, xxvi, 214, 312Deuteronomy Rabbah, 70Dharamsala (India), 315Dickson, Stewart P., 324Dıkshit, S. Bâlkr.ishn. a, 135, 277, 306, 312Diocletian (Roman emperor), 74Dionysian cycle, 115Dionysius Exiguus, 46, 113, 114direction, 173, 173, 346, 396Dirichlet box principle, 253diwali, 308, 308, 346, 434Diwali (Hindu holiday), 306, 308Doggett, LeRoy E., 41, 60, 71, 214, 273Double-ninth Festival (Chinese holiday), 264Douglass, Robert H., xxvDragon Festival (Chinese holiday), 264dragon-festival, 266, 266, 346, 422Dù, Shírán, 273Durga Asht.amı (Hindu holiday), 306Durrani, Muhibullah, 331Dusk, 207–213
astronomical, 212Islamic, 212Jewish, 212
function definition function type Lisp code
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Index 457
dusk, 210, 210, 211, 213, 300, 326, 346, 409Dutka, Jacques, 60dynamical-from-universal, 179, 179, 346,
399
EEarth, 4, 173, 174, 177, 179, 185–187, 193,
195, 282, 283, 294, 317equator, 186orbit, 182, 186
easter, 117, 117, 121, 346, 385Easter (Christian holiday), xxii, 7, 10, 47, 59,
70, 77, 112–121, 325–326astronomical, 117–119, 325–326Gregorian, 116–117Lisp code, 385–386Orthodox, 10, 33, 114–116sample dates, 441
eastern-orthodox-christmas, 71, 71, 346,385
Eccentricity, 197Ecclesiastical calendar, 113–121
days, 13Lisp code, 385–386
Ecliptic, 174, 186, 276, 278Eco, Umberto, 22Edmundson, Munro S., 150E.E. (= Ethiopic Era), 76Egypt, see also Alexandria, Cairo, Medinet
Habu, and Thebes, 5, 24, 328Egyptian calendar, 6, 7, 10, 11, 24–25, 140
epagomenæ, 24epoch, 15, 25Lisp code, 366–367sample dates, 441
egyptian-date, 346, 366egyptian-epoch, 25, 25, 26, 357, 366egyptian-from-fixed, 25, 25, 26, 346, 366eighth (Lisp function), 361Eiseman, Fred B., Jr., 161Eiseman, Margaret, 161Ekholm, Gordon F., 150Election Day (U. S. event), 59election-day, 59, 59, 346, 371elevation, 346, 396Elevation of the Life-giving Cross (Orthodox
holiday), 71Eliyahu ben Shelomo Zalman (= Vilna
Gaon), 212Elkins, James, 41Elongation, 199, 326
elul, 91, 91, 98, 110, 357, 379Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 333end, 346, 365Epacts, 114Epagomenæ
Armenian calendar, 26Coptic calendar, 73, 165Egyptian calendar, 24Persian calendar, 26
Ephemeris, 299ephemeris-correction, 177, 177, 179–181,
346, 398Epicycle, 282, 283, 285, 286, 298, 312epiphany, 59, 59, 346, 372Epiphany (Christian holiday), 59, 71, 77epoch (Lisp constant), 363Epochs, 12, 14
Armenian, 15, 25Bahá’í, 15, 231Chinese, 15, 258Coptic, 15, 74Egyptian, 15, 25Ethiopic, xxii, 15, 76French Revolutionary, 15, 239, 242Gregorian, 15, 48Hebrew, 15, 92, 95Hindu, 15, 123, 124, 284, 288, 289Islamic, 15, 84ISO, 15, 79Julian, 15, 64julian day number, 15Mayan, 15, 138modified julian day number, 15Persian, 15, 217Tibetan, 15, 316Zoroastrian, 15
equal (Lisp relation), 362Equation of center, 283Equation of motion, 286Equation of time, 182–185, 294equation-of-time, 183, 183, 184, 346, 397Equator
celestial, 186Earth, 185
Equinox, 6, 21, 163, 171, 186, 187, 190, 191,300
autumnal, 105, 239, 241dynamical, 187sample dates, 441
function definition function type Lisp code
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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458 Index
vernal, 46, 105, 113, 114, 119, 185, 192,217–219, 229, 233, 234, 236, 241,304, 325, 329
EraAlexander, 16Seleucid, 16, 89
Esslemont, John E., 229estimate-prior-solar-longitude, 193, 193,
220, 234, 241, 251, 346, 401Ethiopic calendar, 6, 7, 9–11, 75–76, 217
days, 13, 75epoch, xxii, 15, 76holidays, 77implementation, 76Lisp code, 376months, 75sample dates, 441structure, 75–76
ethiopic-date, 347, 376ethiopic-epoch, 76, 76, 357, 376ethiopic-from-fixed, 76, 76, 347, 376Euclid, 31Europe, 175Eusebius, 46, 113Eve, 92evening, 210, 210, 357, 409evenp (Lisp function), 361Everett, Steven M., 42ExcelR , xxi, 79
FFalaki, Abu-Ma’shar al- (= Albumazar), 216false, 66, 208, 357, 362Fast of the Apostles (Orthodox fast), 121Fast of the Repose of the Virgin Mary
(Orthodox fast), 71Fausett, Donald W., xxvFayyumi, Sa’adia ben Joseph al- (= Sa’adia
Gaon), 89, 93Feast of Naw-Ruz (Bahá’í New Year), 233,
236, 237Feast of Orthodoxy (Orthodox holiday), 121Feast of Rid. van (Bahá’í holiday), 236, 237feast-of-ridvan, 237, 237, 347, 415february, 48, 48, 68, 124, 258, 357, 367Feinstein, Moses, 108Feldman, William M., 111Fienberg, Richard T., 214fifth (Lisp function), 361Filipowski, Herschell, 111final, 347, 364
Finland, 115first (Lisp function), 361first-kday, 58, 58, 59, 347, 371first-quarter, 202, 202, 326, 357, 405Fixed day numbers, 9fixed-from-arithmetic-french, 243, 243,
244, 347, 416fixed-from-arithmetic-persian, 223,
223–226, 347, 412fixed-from-armenian, 25, 25, 347, 366fixed-from-astro-hindu-lunar, 302, 302,
347, 431fixed-from-astro-hindu-solar, 301, 301,
347, 431fixed-from-bahai, 231, 231–233, 347, 413fixed-from-chinese, 260, 260, 266, 267, 347,
420fixed-from-coptic, 74, 74–77, 347, 375fixed-from-egyptian, 25, 25, 347, 366fixed-from-ethiopic, 76, 76, 347, 376fixed-from-french, 242, 242, 347, 416fixed-from-future-bahai, 234, 234, 236,
237, 347, 414fixed-from-gregorian, see also
alt-fixed-from-gregorian, 49,49–53, 55, 57–59, 64, 117, 179,191, 211, 231, 232, 236, 242, 258,264, 266, 270, 316, 347, 368
fixed-from-hebrew, 99, 99–104, 106, 107,110, 331, 347, 381
fixed-from-hindu-fullmoon, 297, 297, 347,429
fixed-from-hindu-lunar, 291, 291, 297, 298,307, 347, 427
fixed-from-hindu-solar, 289, 289, 347, 426fixed-from-islamic, 85, 85–87, 347, 377fixed-from-iso, 80, 80, 347, 377fixed-from-jd, 17, 18, 18, 25, 138, 155, 347,
363fixed-from-julian, 64, 64, 65, 68, 71, 74, 76,
84, 95, 115, 124, 146, 217, 347,372
fixed-from-mayan-long-count, 139, 139,347, 388
fixed-from-mjd, 17, 17, 347, 363fixed-from-moment, 18, 18, 208, 213, 296,
308, 347, 365fixed-from-observational-hebrew, 331,
331, 347, 439fixed-from-observational-islamic, 328,
328, 347, 438
function definition function type Lisp code
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70238-6 - Calendrical Calculations, Third EditionNachum Dershowitz and Edward M. ReingoldIndexMore information
Index 459
fixed-from-old-hindu-lunar, 134, 134, 348,387
fixed-from-old-hindu-solar, 127, 127, 348,386
fixed-from-persian, 220, 220, 221, 226,348, 411
fixed-from-roman, 66, 68, 68, 69, 348, 375fixed-from-tibetan, 317, 317–319, 321, 348,
436Fleet, John F., 134Flesner, Molly, xxvFliegel, Henry F., 60floor (Lisp function), 363Floor function (� �), xvi, 17Flower Festival (Japanese holiday), 266Forsythe, George E., 337Fotheringham, John K., xxvii, 60, 71, 121fourth (Lisp function), 361Fractional part function, 18France, see also Paris, 174Francou, Gérard, 214Frazer, James G., 139Freeman-Grenville, Greville S. P., 87French Revolutionary calendar, xxii, 6, 7, 10,
11, 182, 207, 239–244days, 4decades, 240epoch, 15, 242Lisp code, 416–417modified, 242–244
implementation, 243–244leap year rule, 242–243
months, 240original, 187, 192, 193, 239–242
implementation, 241–242structure, 239–241
sample dates, 441sansculottides, 240
french-date, 348, 416french-epoch, 242, 242, 243, 357, 416french-from-fixed, 242, 242, 348, 416french-new-year-on-or-before, 241, 241,
242, 348, 416friday, 27, 27, 60, 104, 109, 110, 357, 362Friday the Thirteenth, 60Friedlander, Michael, 111Frisch, Christian, 119Fritsche, Hermann P. H., 263, 273full, 202, 202, 326, 357, 405future-bahai-from-fixed, 235, 235, 348, 415
future-bahai-new-year-on-or-before, 234,234–236, 348, 415
GGorke, Winfried, xxvGalloway, Thomas, 41Galungan (Balinese holiday), 160Galungan Days (Balinese period), 161Ganesa Chaturthı (Hindu holiday), 306Gangooly, Phanindralal, 312Ganz, Solomon, 111, 331Gardner, Martin, back cover, 185Gauss, Carl F., xxi, xxvi, 95, 102, 111, 113,
121Gautama Buddha, 264, 306, 321Gcd function, see Greatest common divisor
functionGeertz, Clifford, 153, 159Gelasius, xxviiGeneric cyclical calendars, 163–168
double cycle, 166–167single cycle, 163–166
George, Alan, 337Germany, 47, 119Gezer (Israel), 239Gilbert, Martin, 447Gilbert, William S., 45Gillispie, Charles C., 134, 312Gingerich, Owen, back coverGinzel, Friedrich K., 9, 41, 60, 77GNU Emacs, xix, xxvi, 2, 42Go-Chosun (Korea), 270Godman, Frederick D., 150Goharian, Nazli, xxvGolb, Norman, 111Goldberg, Mayer, xxvGolden number, 114Good Friday (Christian holiday), 59, 119Goodman, John T., 137, 138, 150Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation
(Mayan calendar), 137, 138Graetz, Heinrich H., 447Grafton, Anthony T., xxvii, 16, 41Graham, Ronald L., 41Great Britain, see also Greenwich and
London, 47Great Night of Shiva (Hindu holiday), 306,
309Greatest common divisor function, xvi, 19Greaves, John, 14, 85Greece, 70
function definition function type Lisp code
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70238-6 - Calendrical Calculations, Third EditionNachum Dershowitz and Edward M. ReingoldIndexMore information
460 Index
greenwich, 172, 172Greenwich (England), xv, 172, 174, 177, 299Gregorian calendar, xx, 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 16,
45–61, 70, 94–95, 104, 233, 234,275
adoption of, 47days, 13, 45, 218Easter, 116–117epoch, 15, 48history, 46–47holidays, 57–59implementation, 48–52leap-year rule, 45Lisp code, 367–372months, 45New Year, xx, xxi, 47sample dates, 441structure, 45year, 47–48
Gregorian reform, 45, 47, 114gregorian-date, 348, 367gregorian-date-difference, 52, 52, 178, 179,
348, 369gregorian-epoch, 48, 48–50, 55, 56, 357,
367gregorian-from-fixed, see also
alt-gregorian-from-fixed, 51, 51,53, 60, 67, 348, 369
gregorian-leap-year?, 49, 49, 51, 67, 231,348, 368
gregorian-new-year, 50, 50, 51, 70, 77, 81,86, 106, 108, 179, 271, 304, 306,308, 309, 325, 330, 348, 369
gregorian-year-end, 50, 50, 52, 81, 321,348, 369
gregorian-year-from-fixed, see alsoalt-gregorian-year-from-fixed,50, 50–52, 55, 80, 101–104, 178,179, 226, 232, 237, 250, 264,266, 268, 330, 331, 348, 369
gregorian-year-range, 50, 50, 70, 76, 86,106, 108, 160, 308, 309, 311, 321,348, 369
Gregory XIII, Pope (= Ugo Boncompagni),45, 47
Gregory, Ruth W., 60Guatemala, see also Tikal, 137, 140, 142Guinot, Bernard, 214Guy, Richard K., 110, 121Guyot, Laurent, 238Gyatso, Tenzin (= Dalai Lama), 315
HHaab (Mayan calendar), 139–142, 144–145,
147Hademer, Nathan ben Meir, 479Hai ben Sherira (= Hai Gaon), 89haifa, 234, 234, 357, 415Haifa (Israel), 234, 236H. alaqim (Hebrew calendar), 92, 207Hale, Wayne, xxHalevy, Schulamith C., xxvHalkin, Abraham S., xxviiHalmos, Paul, 17Hamer, Mick, 244Hania (Crete), 336Hannah, Robert, xxviiHanoi (Vietnam), 271Hansch, Michael G., 119H. anukkah (Jewish holiday), 101, 103Harris, Mitchell A., xxv, 41Harvey, Oswald L., 41Haryana (India), 277Hastings, James, 41, 42, 60, 111Heaslet, Maxwell A., 61, 121Hebrew calendar, 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 33, 35, 36,
89–112, 123, 182, 207bar mitzvah, 105bat mitzvah, 105birthdays, 105–106classical, 326, 329–331days, 4, 13, 89delays, 92–93, 96–98, 100–101epoch, 15, 92, 95history, 89, 93–95holidays and fast days, 101–105implementation, 95–101Karaite, 329leap-year rule, 91Lisp code, 378–385lo iddo rosh, 92, 108, 109molad, 92, 95–97, 479months, 90nah. ala, 105–108New Year, see Rosh ha-Shanahpossible weekdays, 108–110sabbatical year, 91sample dates, 441structure, 90–93week, 89weekdays, 89yahrzeit, 105–108
hebrew-birthday, 106, 106, 348, 383
function definition function type Lisp code
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70238-6 - Calendrical Calculations, Third EditionNachum Dershowitz and Edward M. ReingoldIndexMore information
Index 461
hebrew-birthday-in-gregorian, 106, 106,348, 383
hebrew-calendar-elapsed-days, 96, 96–98,100, 348, 380
hebrew-date, 348, 378hebrew-epoch, 95, 95, 97–99, 101–104, 357,
379hebrew-from-fixed, 99, 99, 106, 108, 331,
348, 381hebrew-leap-year?, 91, 91, 98, 107, 348, 379hebrew-new-year, 98, 98, 99, 348, 380hebrew-sabbatical-year?, 91, 91, 348, 379hebrew-year-length-correction, 97, 97, 98,
348, 380Heilbron, John L., 121Henderson, Helene, 42Henning, Edward, xxv, 315, 322Herran, Nicolas, xxvHerschel, John W. F., 16, 42Hezekiah ben David da Silva, 94Hillel II (= Hillel ben Judah), 89Hillis, W. Daniel, back cover, 324Hindu calendar, xxii, 6, 10, 11, 28, 89,
123–135, 182, 185, 186, 195, 207,247, 255, 275–313
astronomical, 299–303Lisp code, 429–432sample dates, 441
days, 4, 13, 124, 276epoch, 15, 123, 124, 284, 288, 289holidays, xxiv, 303–312karan. as, 312lunisolar, 315, 316
holidays, 304–309Lisp code, 426–427lunar day, 129, 133, 134, 278, 286,
290, 298, 303–305, 309New Year, 133, 285, 305–306sample dates, 441
modern, 7, 182, 185, 195, 275–313alternatives, 295–299expunged day, 278, 303, 304expunged month, 277, 281, 287, 303,
306history, 275implementation, 287–295intercalated day, 278leap day, 278, 289leap month, 277–279, 287, 289, 290,
303, 304, 306, 307Lisp code, 424–435
structure, 275–281naks.atras, 312old, 7, 123–135, 275, 277
history, 123–124leap month, 123, 128, 129Lisp code, 386–388lunisolar, 37–39, 128–134, 167solar, 7, 126–128structure, 123–126
old lunisolarimplementation, 129–134Lisp code, 386–388sample dates, 441structure, 128–129
old solarimplementation, 126–128Lisp code, 386sample dates, 441structure, 126
Panchang, 312solar
holidays, 304Lisp code, 425–426New Year, 126, 304, 305sample dates, 441
tithi, 129, 278, 290, 292, 306, 312yogas, 312
hindu-anomalistic-month, 285, 285, 286,357, 425
hindu-anomalistic-year, 285, 285, 286,294, 295, 357, 425
hindu-arcsin, 283, 283–285, 293, 348, 424hindu-ascensional-difference, 293, 293,
295, 296, 348, 427hindu-calendar-year, 287, 287, 288, 290,
349, 426hindu-creation, 284, 284, 357, 424hindu-daily-motion, 294, 294, 295, 349,
428hindu-date-occur, 307, 307, 308, 349, 433hindu-day-count, 124, 124, 126, 127, 133,
349, 386hindu-epoch, 124, 124, 127, 134, 284, 287,
289, 291, 293, 300–302, 357, 386hindu-equation-of-time, 295, 295, 296,
349, 428hindu-expunged?, 297, 298, 298, 349, 429hindu-fullmoon-from-fixed, 297, 297, 349,
429hindu-locale, 292, 292, 295, 296, 298, 300,
357, 429
function definition function type Lisp code
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
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462 Index
hindu-lunar-date, 349, 426hindu-lunar-day, 349, 426hindu-lunar-day-at-or-after, 305, 305, 306,
308, 309, 311, 349, 432hindu-lunar-day-from-moment, 286, 286,
290–292, 305, 349, 425hindu-lunar-era, 289, 289–291, 302, 357,
426hindu-lunar-event, 309, 309, 349, 434hindu-lunar-from-fixed, 289, 289, 292,
297, 298, 307–309, 312, 349, 426hindu-lunar-holiday, 308, 308, 349, 434hindu-lunar-leap-day, 349, 426hindu-lunar-leap-month, 349, 426hindu-lunar-longitude, 286, 286, 309, 311,
349, 425hindu-lunar-month, 349, 426hindu-lunar-new-year, 305, 305, 349, 433hindu-lunar-on-or-before?, 307, 307, 349,
433hindu-lunar-phase, 286, 286, 287, 305, 308,
349, 425hindu-lunar-station, 309, 309, 349, 432hindu-lunar-year, 349, 426hindu-mean-position, 284, 284, 285, 294,
295, 349, 424hindu-new-moon, 305hindu-new-moon-before, 287, 287, 290,
349, 425hindu-rising-sign, 294, 294, 349, 428hindu-sidereal-month, 276, 276, 286, 357,
424hindu-sidereal-year, 276, 276, 284, 286,
287, 289, 291, 294, 295, 304, 357,424
hindu-sine, 283, 283, 285, 293–295, 349,424
hindu-sine-table, 282, 282–284, 294, 350,424
hindu-solar-date, 350, 425hindu-solar-era, 288, 288, 289, 300, 301,
357, 425hindu-solar-from-fixed, 288, 288, 350, 425hindu-solar-longitude, 286, 286–288, 291,
293, 304, 311, 350, 425hindu-solar-longitude-at-or-after, 304,
304, 306, 350, 432hindu-solar-sidereal-difference, 294,
294–296, 350, 428hindu-sundial-time, 296, 296, 297, 350, 430
hindu-sunrise, 288–290, 292, 295, 295, seealso alt-hindu-sunrise, 296, 298,305, 306, 309, 350, 429
hindu-sunset, 296, 296, 350, 430hindu-synodic-month, 276, 276, 287, 305,
357, 424hindu-tithi-occur, 308, 308, 309, 350, 434hindu-tropical-longitude, 293, 293, 294,
350, 428hindu-true-position, 285, 285, 286, 350,
424hindu-zodiac, 286, 286–290, 350, 425Hồ Ngọc Đức, 271, 273Hoang, Peter (Pierre), 273, 333Hoffman, Roy E., 331Hoffrichter, Burghart, xxvHohenkerk, Catherine Y., 215Holford-Strevens, Leofranc, 41, 71Holi (Hindu holiday), 306Holidays
Bahá’í, 236–237Balinese, 155, 159–161Chinese, 264–266Christian, 70–71, 113–121, 325–326Coptic, 76–77Easter, 47, 70, 113–121, 325–326Ethiopic, 77Gregorian, 57–59Hindu, xxiv, 303–312Islamic, 86–87Jewish, 101–105, 326, 331Julian, 70–71Korean, 271Orthodox, 70–71, 121Persian, 226Tibetan, 319–322
Hoot, Charles, xxvHoræ temporales, see Hour, temporalHorizon
geometric, 208visible, 210
Hoshana Rabba (Jewish holiday), 92, 102Hoskin, Michael A., 60hour, 350, 365Hour angle, 185Hour, temporal (= seasonal), 92, 207, 211,
306Howse, Derek, 214hr, 350, 395Huángdì (Chinese emperor), 263Hube, Douglas P., 214
function definition function type Lisp code
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70238-6 - Calendrical Calculations, Third EditionNachum Dershowitz and Edward M. ReingoldIndexMore information
Index 463
Hungry Ghosts (Chinese holiday), 264Husain, Muzhar, 86
I‘Id-al-’Ad. h. a (Islamic holiday), 87‘Id-al-Fit.r (Islamic holiday), 87Ides, 65–67ides, 65, 65, 68, 357, 374ides-of-month, 66, 66, 68, 350, 374if (Lisp function), 364Ilyas, Mohammad, 87, 214in-range?, 350, 365Independence Day (U. S. holiday), 57independence-day, 57, 57, 350, 371India, see also Andhra Pradesh, Bengal,
Bihar, Dharamsala, Haryana,Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh,Nadia, Rajasthan, Ujjain, andUttar Pradesh, 6, 85, 122, 123,128, 274, 275, 299, 328
Ingerman, Peter Zilahy, xxvInternational Astronomical Union (IAU), 172International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), 79International Telecommunications Union,
175Interpolation, 282–284, 298interval, 350, 365Inui, Shiho, xxvinvert-angular, 350, 364Iran, see also Isfahan, Khurasan, Shiraz, and
Tehran, 236Ise (Japan), 440Isfahan (Iran), 219Ishigami, Yoshiyasu, xxvIslamic calendar, 6, 7, 10, 11, 33–36, 83–87,
182, 217, 222, 275days, 4, 13, 83, 84, 89epoch, 15, 84holidays, 86–87implementation, 85–86leap-year rule, 85Lisp code, 377–378months, 84New Year, 86, 87, 263observational, 11, 86, 328–329sample dates, 441structure, 83–85week, 83–84
Islamic Shura Council of North America,328
islamic-date, 350, 377islamic-epoch, 84, 84, 85, 329, 357, 377islamic-from-fixed, 85, 85, 86, 350, 378islamic-in-gregorian, 86, 86, 87, 350, 378islamic-leap-year?, 84, 84, 85, 350, 377islamic-locale, 328, 328, 329, 357, 438ISO calendar, 6, 11, 79–81
epoch, 15, 79Lisp code, 376–377sample dates, 441
iso-date, 350, 376iso-day, 350, 377iso-from-fixed, 80, 80, 350, 377iso-long-year?, 81, 81, 350, 377iso-week, 350, 376iso-year, 350, 377Israel, see also Cæsarea, Haifa, Mount
Carmel, and Jerusalem, 93, 105,228, 236, 237
Israel Independence Day, 104Italy, see also Rome, 47iyyar, 90, 90, 98, 104, 357, 378
Jj2000, 179, 179, 185, 196, 197, 357, 397Jacob ben Meir (= Rabbenu Tam), 212Jacobi, Hermann G., 134, 290, 292, 312Jacobson, Howard, xxv, xxvii, 10J.A.D. (= julian astronomical day), 16jaffa, 330, 330, 331, 357, 439Jaffa (Israel), 330Jalalı calendar, 217Janmasht.amı, see Birthday of KrishnaJanson, Svante, xxv, 315, 322january, 48, 48, 50, 59, 65, 178, 191, 270,
357, 367Japan, see also Ise and Tokyo, 5, 268Japanese calendar, 268–269
age, 269eras, 268kigen, 268Lisp code, 423nengo, 268
japanese-location, 268, 268, 269, 350, 423Jaritz, Gerhard, 46JD (= julian day), 16jd-epoch, 17, 17, 357, 362jd-from-fixed, 18, 18, 350, 363jd-from-moment, 17, 17, 18, 350, 363jerusalem, 173, 173, 326, 357, 396
function definition function type Lisp code
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-70238-6 - Calendrical Calculations, Third EditionNachum Dershowitz and Edward M. ReingoldIndexMore information
464 Index
Jerusalem (Israel), 70, 92, 94, 96, 103, 172,173, 177, 441, 446
Jesus’s Circumcision (Coptic holiday), 77Jesus’s Transfiguration (Coptic holiday), 77jewish-dusk, 211, 211, 350, 409jewish-morning-end, 213, 213, 350, 410jewish-sabbath-ends, 211, 211, 351, 409Jiéqì (Chinese calendar), 248, 249Jimmu Tenno (Japanese Emperor), 269Johnson, Samuel, xxviJones, William, 303Joshi, Murli Manohar, 123Jovian cycle (Hindu calendar), 125–126, 316jovian-year, 126, 126, 351, 386Julian astronomical day, see Julian day
numbersJulian calendar, 6, 7, 9–11, 14, 33–36, 46, 48,
57, 63–71, 105, 217, 479days, 13, 45epoch, 15, 64history, 46–47holidays, 70–71implementation, 63–65leap-year rule, 63Lisp code, 372–374months, 45revised, 47, 70Roman nomenclature, 65–69sample dates, 441structure, 63
Julian century, 179, 184, 189Julian day numbers, 9, 11, 15–17
modified, 11, 15, 17sample dates, 441
julian-centuries, 179, 179, 183, 186, 189,190, 192, 199, 203, 205, 351, 396
julian-date, 351, 372julian-epoch, 64, 64, 358, 372julian-from-fixed, 64, 64, 65, 69, 70, 351,
373julian-in-gregorian, 70, 70, 71, 351, 373julian-leap-year?, 63, 63–65, 68, 351, 372julian-year-from-auc-year, 69, 69, 351, 373Julius Cæsar, see Cæsar, Juliusjuly, 48, 48, 57, 66, 84, 178, 264, 358, 368june, 48, 48, 358, 368Jupiter, 5, 124, 125, 199, 282Justeson, John S., 150
KKaiss, Daher, xxv
kajeng-keliwon, 160, 160, 351, 394Kajeng-Keliwon (Balinese holiday), 155, 160Kak, Subhash, xxvKalacakra calendar, see Tibetan calendarKalends, 65–67, 69, 70kalends, 65, 65, 68, 69, 358, 374Kaler, James B., 214Kali Yuga (Hindu calendar), 15, 123, 124,
129, 284, 288, 289Kamasan (Bali), 152Kaneko, Hikotaro, 440Kang Xı (Chinese emperor), 332Kantor, Mattis, 92Karaite calendar, 329Karan. a
Hindu, 309–312Tibetan, 319, 320
karana, 309, 309, 310, 351, 434Karthikai Deepam (Hindu holiday), 306Kasher, Menahem M., 111Kashmir (India), 277Kazoe doshi (Japanese age), 269kday-after, 29, 29, 58, 115–117, 325, 351,
367kday-before, 29, 29, 58, 104, 351, 367kday-nearest, 29, 29, 59, 351, 367kday-on-or-after, 29, 29, 60, 312, 351, 367kday-on-or-before, 27, 27, 29, 262, 351, 367Keiper, Jerry B., 42Kelly, Richard P., xxvKepler, Johannes, xxv, 119, 170, 282Khayyam, Omar, see Omar KhayyamKhinchin, Aleksandr Ya., 42Khowarizmı, Abu Ja‘far Mohammed ibn
Musa al-, 89, 111Khurasan (Persia), 216Kielhorn, Franz, 312Kigen (Japanese calendar), 268Kinkelin, Hermann, 121Kirchner, Claude, xxvkislev, 91, 91, 98, 107, 110, 358, 379Klein, Hyman, 111, 331Klotz, Irene, xxKnuth, Donald E., xxiv, 41, 47, 121, 361Koolish, Richard M., xxvKoran, 83, 328Korea, see also Go-Chosun and Seoul, 269Korea Astronomy Observatory, 272Korean calendar, 269–271
celestial stem names, 270holidays, 271
function definition function type Lisp code
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Index 465
Lisp code, 423solar terms, 270terrestrial branch names, 270
korean-location, 269, 269, 351, 423korean-year, 270, 270, 351, 423Kratesis (Roman festival), 70Kshaya month (Hindu calendar), see Month,
expungedKudlek, Manfred, 161Kull-i-Shay (Bahá’í calendar), 231Kuningan Day (Balinese holiday), 160K.Y. (= Kali Yuga), 124
LLabor Day (U. S. holiday), 58labor-day, 58, 58, 351, 371Lagrenée, Jean-Jacques, the younger, 238Lahiri, Nirmal C., 298Lailat-al-Bara’a (Islamic holiday), 87Lailat-al-Kadr (Islamic holiday), 87Lailat-al-Mi‘raj (Islamic holiday), 87Lalla, 126Lamport, Leslie, 60Langermann, Tzvi, 111Lantern Festival (Chinese holiday), 264last-day-of-hebrew-month, 98, 98–100,
351, 381last-kday, 58, 58, 351, 371last-month-of-hebrew-year, 91, 91, 99, 103,
106, 107, 351, 379last-quarter, 202, 202, 358, 405Lata, 275Latitude
celestial, 174, 187terrestrial, 172, 174, 293
latitude, 351, 396Laud (Christian prayer time), 213Lcm function, see Least common multiple
functionLê Thành Lân, 273Leap days
Gregorian, 49Hindu, 278, 281, 289, 290, 303Julian, 49, 64, 66Tibetan, 316
Leap months, 7, 35Chinese, 253–255, 257, 262, 263Hebrew, 90, 91Hindu, 123, 128–133, 277–279, 287,
289, 290, 303, 304, 306, 307Tibetan, 316
Leap seconds, 177Leap years, 7, 32–39
Coptic, 73, 74, 105French Revolutionary, 240, 243Gregorian, xx, 45, 49, 94, 275Hebrew, 90–94, 97, 100, 103, 105–107,
109Islamic, 84Julian, 45, 49, 63, 64Persian, 218, 223
Least common multiple function, xvi, 19Jungmin Lee, xxvLeffler, Jonathan, xxvLeiden (The Netherlands), 162Lent (Christian fast), 121Lerner, Alon, xxvlet* (Lisp construct), 363Levi, Leo, 111, 214Levin, Daniel Z., 214Lı Yăn, 273License, xxviii–xxixLilius, Aloysius (= Luigi Lilio Ghiraldi), 45,
116Line drawing, 32Linnæus, see von Linne, CarlLisp (computer language), xix, xxvi, 2, 42,
361–364, 382, 424, 439list-range, 351, 365Lists, 22–24
concatenation of (||), 22construction of (〈 〉), 22element selection (〈 〉[ ]), 22empty, 22
Liú Baolín, 247, 273Liu, Chung Laung, 60, 273Lo iddo rosh (Hebrew calendar rule), 92,
108, 109local-from-apparent, 184, 184, 185, 208,
351, 397local-from-standard, 177, 177, 351, 398local-from-universal, 175, 175, 177, 326,
351, 398location, 351, 396Loewinger, Yaaqov, xxvLondon (England), 172, 182, 207Long count (Mayan calendar), 138–139Long Now Foundation, 324long-marheshvan?, 98, 98, 107, 351, 380Longitude
celestial, 174, 186, 187, 276, 278, 282,284, 286, 293
function definition function type Lisp code
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466 Index
lunar, 198, 202, 283, 286, 309, 311, 446sidereal, 186, 191–192solar, 187–193, 195, 202, 234,
248–250, 286, 304, 311, 441, 446terrestrial, 172, 174
longitude, 351, 396losar, 321, 321, 351, 437Losar (Tibetan holiday), 320–321LotusR 1-2-3R , xxiLounsbury, Floyd G., 138, 150Lovering, Joseph, 239Lozowski, Edward P., 214Luang (Balinese calendar), 158Lun, Anthony W.-C., 273Lunar mansions, see Lunar stationsLunar stations, 216, 278, 309lunar-altitude, 203, 203, 205–207, 326, 351,
406lunar-anomaly, 199, 201, 201, 203, 205,
317, 351, 403lunar-diameter, 328, 328, 351, 438lunar-distance, 205, 205–207, 328, 351, 407lunar-elongation, 199, 201, 201, 203, 205,
351, 403lunar-latitude, 202, 202, 204, 205, 326,
351, 405lunar-longitude, 199, 199–201, 204, 352,
404lunar-parallax, 206, 206, 207, 352, 408lunar-phase, 198, 201, 201, 202, 299, 301,
326, 327, 352, 405lunar-phase-at-or-after, 202, 202, 326,
352, 405lunar-phase-at-or-before, 202, 202, 352,
405Lunation, see Month
MMcCarthy, Daniel P., 46McCarthy, Dennis D., 214Macler, Frédéric, 42Madhya Pradesh (India), 277Maha Shivaratri, see Great Night of ShivaMahler, Eduard, 87Maimonides, Moses (= Rambam), xix, xxvii,
89, 92, 95, 111, 212, 331Main, Andrew, xxvmajor-solar-term-on-or-after, 250, 250,
352, 418march, 48, 48, 51, 55, 57, 59, 65, 66, 68, 217,
231, 232, 236, 266, 270, 358, 367
Mardi Gras (Christian holiday), 119marheshvan, 91, 91, 98, 107, 110, 358, 379Marriage auguries (Chinese calendar),
267–268Mars, 5, 124, 282Marshack, Alexander, 42Martial (= Marcus Valerius Martialis), 477Martinez-Hernandez, Juan, 137, 138Martyrdom of the Bab (Bahá’í holiday), 236,
237Mary’s Announcement (Coptic holiday), 77Mason, Charles W., 42Matins (Christian prayer time), 213Maundy Thursday (Christian holiday), 119Mawlid an-Nabı (Islamic holiday), 87mawlid-an-nabi, 87, 87, 352, 378MAX, xvi, 20, 99, 198, 318, 319, 364may, 48, 48, 58, 66, 358, 368Mayan calendar, xxii, 10, 11, 28, 29, 137–151
epoch, 15, 138Goodman-Martinez-Thompson
correlation, 137haab, 139–142, 144–145, 147Lisp code, 388–390long count, 138–139New Year, 136round, 144–145, 149sample dates, 441Spinden’s correlation, 138tzolkin, 5, 30–31, 142–145, 148year bearer, 144, 149
mayan-baktun, 352, 388mayan-calendar-round-on-or-after, 145mayan-calendar-round-on-or-before, 145,
145, 352, 390mayan-epoch, 138, 138–140, 142, 358, 388mayan-haab-date, 352, 388mayan-haab-day, 352, 389mayan-haab-epoch, 140, 140–142, 145, 358,
389mayan-haab-from-fixed, 140, 140, 144,
352, 389mayan-haab-month, 352, 389mayan-haab-on-or-before, 141, 141, 144,
352, 389mayan-haab-ordinal, 140, 140, 141, 145,
352, 389mayan-katun, 352, 388mayan-kin, 352, 388mayan-long-count-date, 352, 388
function definition function type Lisp code
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Index 467
mayan-long-count-from-fixed, 139, 139,352, 388
mayan-tun, 352, 388mayan-tzolkin-date, 352, 389mayan-tzolkin-epoch, 142, 142, 144, 145,
358, 389mayan-tzolkin-from-fixed, 142, 142, 144,
352, 389mayan-tzolkin-name, 352, 389mayan-tzolkin-number, 352, 389mayan-tzolkin-on-or-before, 144, 144, 352,
390mayan-tzolkin-ordinal, 142, 144, 144, 145,
352, 389mayan-uinal, 352, 388mayan-year-bearer-from-fixed, 144, 144,
352, 390Mayr, Joachim, 87mean-lunar-longitude, 199, 200, 200, 203,
352, 403mean-sidereal-year, 187, 187, 300–302,
358, 399mean-synodic-month, 193, 193, 196, 198,
201, 202, 258, 259, 327, 329,358, 401
mean-tropical-year, 187, 187, 191, 193, 220,235, 242, 259, 260, 358, 399
mecca, 173, 173, 358, 396Mecca (Saudi Arabia), 173, 328Medina (Saudi Arabia), 84Medinet Habu (Egypt), 72Meeus, Jean, 60, 121, 214Meletios IV, 70Melhado, Evan M., 240member (Lisp relation), 361Memoization, 40Memorial Day (U. S. holiday), xxi, 58memorial-day, 58, 58, 352, 371Meng, Zhuo, xxvMercury, 5, 124, 282Meridian, 174, 185
lower, 182upper, 182
Mesha sam. kranti (Hindu Vernal equinox),see New Year, Hindu solar
mesha-samkranti, 300, 304, 304, 352, 433Meton, 7Metonic cycle, 7, 91, 114, 116, 267Metz (France), 479Mexico, 137, 146, 479Mexico City (Mexico), 146, 479
Michels, Agnes K., 41, 60, 71Microsoft, 85
OfficeR , xxiOutlookR , xxiWindowsR , xxi
Mid-Autumn Festival (Chinese holiday), 264midday, 185, 185, 213, 219, 352, 397midday-in-tehran, 219, 219, 220, 352, 411Midnight, 17, 45, 174, 182, 207, 213
civil, 247true (= apparent), 4, 184, 241
midnight, 184, 184, 213, 241, 353, 397midnight-in-china, 250, 251, 251, 252, 353,
419midnight-in-paris, 241, 241, 353, 416Midrash Tanh.uma, xxviiMilankovitch, Milutin, 47Milbrath, Susan, 150Milford-Lutzker, Mary-Ann, 152MIN, xvi, xvii, 20–22, 100, 193, 198, 219,
234, 241, 251, 284, 287–289, 292,301, 303, 307, 327, 364
Mına (Hindu month), 129, 133minor-solar-term-on-or-after, 251, 251,
266, 353, 418minute, 353, 365Mitrophanow, Igor, 272Mizner, Wilson, 42MJD (= modified julian day), 17mjd-epoch, 17, 17, 358, 363mjd-from-fixed, 17, 17, 353, 363mod (Lisp function), 363Modified Julian day numbers, 17
sample dates, 441Modulus function, xvi, 18Mohammed, 82, 84molad, 95, 95–97, 353, 379Molad (Hebrew calendar), see also Moon,
new, 92, 95–97, 109, 479Moment, 10moment-from-jd, 17, 17, 18, 353, 363moment-of-depression, 209, 209, 210, 353,
408monday, 27, 27, 58, 110, 358, 361Mongolian calendar, 315Montezuma II (= Moctezuma Xocoyotzin),
30Month, 4, 6, 193–207
anomalistic, 195Armenian, 26Bahá’í, 230
function definition function type Lisp code
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468 Index
bright fortnight, 129, 277Chinese, 251–258, 262Coptic, 73dark fortnight, 129, 277Ethiopic, 75expunged, 277, 281, 287, 303, 306French Revolutionary, 240Gregorian, 45Hebrew, 90Islamic, 84Korean, 270leap, 7, 35, 91, 123, 129–133, 195,
253–255, 262, 263, 272, 287,289, 303, 304, 306, 316
lunar, 7, 123, 124, 128, 129, 133, 247,248, 252–255, 276–279, 281, 303,315
Persian, 218sidereal, 195, 276, 278, 283solar, 126, 128, 129, 133, 195, 247,
253, 276, 277, 281, 292synodic, 193, 195, 247, 276, 281Tibetan, 315Vietnamese, 272
Moon, 5, 6, 95, 174, 179, 187, 195, 283blue, 195first quarter, 202full, 6, 113–115, 119, 195, 202, 305,
325last quarter, 202new, 6, 86, 91, 92, 95, 96, 114, 123,
128, 129, 137, 171, 193, 195–202,247, 251, 253, 263, 277, 292, 305,329
sample dates, 441Paschal, 115phase, 278visibility, 326–328
moon-node, 199, 201, 201, 203, 205, 353,403
Moore, George F., 449Moreno-Riano, Gerson, 46Morley, Sylvanus G., 150morning, 209, 209, 358, 409Moshe ben Maimon, see Maimonides,
MosesMount Carmel (Israel), 228Moyer, Gordon, 61, 121mt, 353, 395Mumm, Christine, xxv
NNabonassar (Chaldean king), 25Nabonassar era, 25Nadia (India), 303Naga Panchamı (Hindu holiday), 305Nah. ala (Jewish event), 105–108Nakayama, Shigeru, 273Naks.atras, see also Lunar stations
Hindu, 312Tibetan, 319, 320
Nanjing (China), 247Napoleon, see Bonaparte, NapoleonNapoleon III, see Bonaparte, Louis NapoleonNASA, xxNaser El-deen, Nabeel, xxvNational Spiritual Assembly, 233Native American calendar, 6, 239Nativity of the Virgin Mary (Orthodox
holiday), 71Naw Ruz
Bahá’í, 233, 236, 237Persian, 123, 226, 237
naw-ruz, 226, 226, 353, 413Needham, Joseph, 247, 273Negative years, 12–14Nemontemi (Aztec calendar), 146Nengo (Japanese calendar), 268Nepal, 314Nepali calendar, 277Neugebauer, Otto, 24, 42, 111, 331Neumann, Peter G., xxvinew, 202, 202, 326, 358, 405New moon, see Moon, newNew Year
Bahá’í, 234, 236, 237Chinese, xxii, 248, 263–264, 266, 271,
332Gregorian, xx, xxi, 47, 271Hebrew, see Rosh ha-ShanahHindu lunisolar, 133, 285, 305–306Hindu solar, 126, 304, 305Islamic, 86, 87, 263Jewish, see Rosh ha-ShanahKorean, 271Mayan, 136Persian, see Naw RuzTibetan, see Losar
New York City, xxiNew Zealand, xxinew-moon-at-or-after, 198, 198, 251, 302,
353, 403
function definition function type Lisp code
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new-moon-before, 198, 198, 252, 302, 353,403
new-year, 39Newton, Isaac, 293next, 353, 364Nián (Chinese calendar), 248Nicæa, Council of, 113–114Nievergelt, Jurg, 42, 61nighttime-temporal-hour, 212, 212, 213,
353, 410nil (Lisp constant), 361, 362ninth (Lisp function), 361nisan, 90, 90, 99, 102, 110, 331, 358, 378Nisan (Hebrew month), 90, 331Nishizawa, Yuso, 273Nizamiah Observatory, 86None (Christian prayer time), 213Nones, 65–67nones, 65, 65, 68, 358, 374nones-of-month, 66, 66, 68, 353, 374Noon, 14, 182, 213, 218, 237
true (= apparent), 184North Pole, 186, 283Norway, 360Nothmann, Gerhard A., xxvnovember, 48, 48, 59, 358, 368nth (Lisp function), 361nth-kday, 58, 58, 59, 79, 80, 353, 371nth-new-moon, 195, 195, 197, 198, 201, 202,
353, 401Numa (= Numa Pompilius), 63Nunavut (Canada), 211Nutation, 187, 189nutation, 189, 189, 199, 353, 398Nyatri Tsenpo, 316Nychthemeron, see DayNyepi (Balinese holiday), 153
OO’Beirne, Thomas H., 119, 121O’Malley, Michael, 214Obermann, Julian, 111, 331Obliquity, 182, 184, 186obliquity, 184, 186, 186, 187, 353, 400observational-hebrew-from-fixed, 330,
330, 353, 439observational-hebrew-new-year, 330, 330,
331, 353, 439observational-islamic-from-fixed, 329,
329, 353, 438october, 48, 48, 66, 95, 358, 368
October Revolution, 47old-hindu-lunar-date, 353, 386old-hindu-lunar-day, 353, 387old-hindu-lunar-from-fixed, 133, 133, 353,
387old-hindu-lunar-leap, 353, 387old-hindu-lunar-leap-year?, 131, 131, 353,
387old-hindu-lunar-month, 353, 387old-hindu-lunar-year, 353, 387old-hindu-solar-from-fixed, 127, 127, 353,
386Olson, Donald W., 214Omar Khayyam, 217omer, 102, 102, 354, 382Omer (Jewish period), 102Ore, Øystein, 42, 150orthodox-easter, see also
alt-orthodox-easter, 115, 115,354, 385
Ottoman Empire, 83
PPakistan, 328Palaioemerologitai, 70Palm Sunday (Christian holiday), 119Panchang (Hindu calendar), 299, 312Parallax, 205paris, 241, 241, 358, 416Paris (France), 174, 175, 238, 239, 241, 441,
446, 479Paris Commune, 239Parise, Frank, xxi, xxvi, 9, 42, 273Parker, Richard A., 42Pascal (computer language), 18Pascal, Blaise, xxviPassion Sunday (Christian holiday), 119passover, 102, 102, 354, 382Passover (Jewish holiday), xxi, xxii, 70, 89,
100–103, 113, 326, 331Pasternak, Ofer, xxvPatashnik, Oren, 41Pawukon (Balinese calendar), 153–161Pedersen, Olaf, 60Pengembang (Balinese holiday), 160pentecost, 121, 121, 354, 386Pentecost (Christian holiday), 119Pepperdine, Andy, xxvPerigee, 195, 317Perihelion, 263, 277Persia, see Iran
function definition function type Lisp code
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Persian calendar, 6, 7, 9–11, 33, 217–227arithmetic, 221–225arithmetic leap year rule, 221–223astronomical, 182, 187, 192, 193,
219–221days, 13, 26, 218epagomenæ, 26epoch, 15, 217holidays, 226Lisp code, 411–413months, 218New Year, 226sample dates, 441structure, 217–222week, 218
Persian Gulf, 236persian-date, 354, 411persian-epoch, 217, 217, 220, 223, 226, 358,
411persian-from-fixed, 220, 220, 354, 411persian-new-year-on-or-before, 219, 219,
220, 354, 411Peters, Francis E., 447Peters, Tom, xxvPeterson, Arthur E., 214phasis-on-or-after, 327, 327, 330, 354, 437phasis-on-or-before, 327, 327, 329–331,
354, 437Philippines, 47Phugpa calendar, see Tibetan calendarPhukluk calendar, see Tibetan calendarpi, 358Pigeon-hole principle, 253Pillai, Dewan Bahadur L. D. Swamikannu,
277, 287, 312Pingree, David, 134, 312Pirkei Avoth, 192Pisces (constellation), 186, 276Pleiades (star cluster), 6Plutarch, 69p.m. (= post meridiem), xvPolaris (star), 186poly, 354, 364poly (polynomial evaluation macro), 364Pongal, see Ayyappa Jyothi DarshanamPoole, Robert, 61Portugal, 47Position, 172–174positions-in-range, 160, 160, 354, 394possible-hebrew-days, 109, 109, 110, 354,
384
Poznanski, Samuel A., 111Precession, 185–186, 293precession, 191, 191, 192, 300, 354, 401Presentation of Christ in the Temple
(Orthodox holiday), 71Presentation of the Virgin Mary in the
Temple (Orthodox holiday), 71Pridie (= day before), 66Prime (Christian prayer time), 213Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolmæus), 25, 92, 282Ptolemy III Euergetes, 76Puckett, Barry, 42Purewal, Pal Singh, xxvpurim, 103, 103, 354, 382Purim (Jewish holiday), 103Purple Mountain Observatory (Nanjing),
247, 273
QQibla, 174Qıng dynasty, 207, 247qing-ming, 266, 266, 354, 422Qıngmíng (Chinese solar term/holiday), 266Qıqiao (Chinese holiday), 264Qıxı (Chinese holiday), 264Quadragesima, see LentQuartodecimans, 113Quiché, 140Quinn, Terry J., 214Quintus Curtius Rufus, 217quotient, 354, 363
RRabbenu Tam, see Jacob ben Meirradians-from-degrees, 354, 395Rajasthan (India), 277rama, 309, 309, 354, 434Rama Navamı, see Birthday of RamaRamadan (Islamic fast), 87, 328Ramasubramanian, K., xxvRambam, see Maimonides, MosesRamses III, 72Rashi, see Solomon ben IsaacRata Die, 10R.D. (= Rata Die), 10rd, 11, 11, 354, 362rd (Lisp function), 363Read, Kay, 145, 150Recursion, 40Reese, Ronald L., 42Regulagedda, Akshay, xxv
function definition function type Lisp code
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Index 471
Reingold, Deborah H., xxvReingold, Edward M., iii, xxvi, 41, 42, 61,
214, 227, 312Reingold, Eve M., xxvReingold, Leah S., 471Reingold, Rachel N., xxvReingold, Ruth N., xxvRemainder function, see Modulus functionRepose of the Virgin Mary (Orthodox
holiday), 71Resnikoff, Louis A., 111rest (Lisp function), 361Revatı (star), 276, 279Rhodes, Ida, xxviRichards, Edward G., back cover, 42, 71Richards, Nigel, xxvRickey, V. Frederick, 61Rieb, Jean-Pierre, 479Right ascension, 174, 186right-ascension, 186, 186, 205, 354, 401Roegel, Denis B., xxvRogation Sunday (Christian holiday), 119Rolf, John C., xxviiRolle, Theodore M., xxvRoman calendar
days of the month, 65–69ides, 65–66kalends, 65–66Lisp code, 374–375nones, 65–66pridie, 66sample dates, 441years, 69–70
Roman Republic, 5roman-count, 354, 374roman-date, 354, 374roman-event, 354, 374roman-from-fixed, 66, 68, 68, 354, 374roman-leap, 354, 374roman-month, 354, 374roman-year, 354, 374Rome (Italy), 46, 74Romme, Gilbert, 242Rosh ha-Shanah (Jewish holiday), xxi,
90–93, 98–102, 108Rosh H. odesh (Jewish holiday), 104Roth, Arthur J., xxvRoth, Cecil, 111, 447round, 24Round (Mayan calendar), 144–145, 149Round function, xvi, 18
Routh, Martin, 168Ruggles, Clive L. N., 80Russia, 5, 47, 70
SSa’adia Gaon, see Fayyumi, Sa’adia ben
Joseph al-Sabbath (Jewish), 211Sachau, C. Edward, 110, 123, 134sacred-wednesdays, 311, 311, 354, 435sacred-wednesdays-in-range, 311, 311, 312,
354, 435Sagarin, Jeff, xxvSahillıoglu, Halıl, 83Saka Era (Hindu calendar), 288Sakai, Ko, xxvSalama, Ahmed, 331Salvin, Osbert, 150Sam. kranti (Hindu calendar), 304Samoa, 47Sampson, Russell D., 214Samuel, Alan E., 71Samvatsara, see Jovian cycleSansculottides (French Revolutionary
calendar), 240Sarasvatı (Hindu deity), 306Sarasvatı Puja (Hindu holiday), 306Satterwaite, Linton, 150saturday, 27, 27, 103, 108, 110, 358, 362Saturn, 5, 124, 282Saturnalia (Roman festival), 70Saudi Arabia, see Mecca and Medina, 328Saunders, Robert A., xxvSavasorda, see Bargeloní, Abraham bar
H. iyya al-Savoie, Denis, 214Saw, Swee-Hock, 273Scaliger, Joseph Justus, xxii, xxvii, 0, 16, 62,
63, 90, 162, 448, 449Scaliger, Julius Cæsar, 16Schram, Robert G., 9, 42, 123, 135, 312Schuh, Dieter, 322S.E. (= Saka Era), 288Search, 20–22, 40, 364
bisection, 20–22, 287, 304, 328linear, 20
Season, 191sec, 354, 395second (Lisp function), 361Second Empire (France), 239seconds, 354, 365
function definition function type Lisp code
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472 Index
secs, 354, 396Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, back cover, 41, 60,
71, 214, 215, 273Sengupta, Prabodh C., 312Seoul (Korea), 269september, 48, 48, 58, 242, 358, 368Septuagesima Sunday (Christian holiday),
119, 121Serbia, 70seventh (Lisp function), 361Sewell, Robert, 134, 135, 277, 306, 312Sexagesima Sunday (Christian holiday), 119,
121Sext (Christian prayer time), 213Sh’ela (Jewish event), 105sh-ela, 105, 105, 354, 383Shakespeare, William, 20, 27, 32, 65, 163,
325, 329Shallit, Jeffery O., 61Shanks, Thomas G., 214Shanxı (China), 246Sharma, Shriramana, xxvShaukat, S. Khalid, xxv, 326–328, 331Shavuot (Jewish holiday), 70, 102Shemini Az.eret (Jewish holiday), 102Sherpa calendar, 315shevat, 91, 91, 107, 110, 358, 379shift-days, 109, 109, 354, 385Shiraz (Persia), 228shiva, 309, 309, 354, 434Shiva (Hindu deity), 306short-kislev?, 98, 98, 107, 354, 380Shrove Monday (Christian holiday), 119, 121Shrove Sunday (Christian holiday), 119, 121Shrove Tuesday (Christian holiday), 119, 121Shushan Purim (Jewish holiday), 103sidereal-from-moment, 185, 185, 205, 354,
397sidereal-solar-longitude, 192, 192, 299,
300, 302, 354, 401sidereal-start, 192, 300, 300, 358, 430sidereal-zodiac, 300, 300–302, 355, 430sigma, 355, 364sigma (summation macro), 364Sign function, xvi, 18Signum, 18Simh. at Torah (Jewish holiday), 102Simon, Jean-Louis, 214sin-degrees, 355, 395sine-offset, 208, 209, 209, 355, 408Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 325
Singer, Isidore, 111, 447Sinnott, Roger W., 214Sirius (star), 6Sivakumar, G., xxvsivan, 90, 90, 358, 378Sıvıs year (Ottoman Empire), 83sixth (Lisp function), 361Skeel, Robert D., 42Skiena, Steven S., xxvSlonimski, H. ayyim S., 111Sobel, Dava, 215Sodhya (Hindu calendar), 285Sohn, Sangmo, 269Solar cycle, 105Solar terms
Chinese calendar, 239, 248–251Japanese pronunciation, 248Korean calendar, 270
solar-anomaly, 199, 201, 201, 203, 205,355, 403
solar-longitude, 189, 189–193, 201, 209,213, 219, 234, 241, 248, 250, 251,299, 355, 399
solar-longitude-after, 190, 190, 191, 250,325, 330, 355, 400
Solomon ben Isaac (= Rashi), 185Solstice, 6, 21, 163, 171, 187, 190, 191, 441
sample dates, 441winter, 247, 251, 304
Sornes, Rasmus, 360Sosigenes, 46Soviet Union, 47Sowramana Ugadi, see New Year, Hindu
solarSpain, 47Spectrum (of a real number), 36Spica (star), 276Spier, Arthur, 111Spinden, Herbert J., 137, 138, 150, 151spring, 191, 191, 219, 220, 234, 325, 330,
358, 400Spuler, Bertold, 87Stallman, Richard M., xxvi, 42standard-day, 355, 364, 365standard-from-local, 177, 177, 184, 185,
209, 210, 355, 398standard-from-sundial, 212, 212, 213, 296,
308, 355, 410standard-from-universal, 177, 177, 191,
250–252, 355, 398standard-month, 355, 364, 364
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standard-year, 355, 364, 365Stanhope, Philip D. (= Fourth Earl of
Chesterfield), xxiv, 171start, 355, 365Stavroulakis, Nicholas, 336Steel, Duncan, 42Steele, Guy L., Jr., xxvi, 42, 439Stein, Michael R., xxvStendhal, see Beyle, Marie-HenriStephenson, F. Richard, 215, 273Stern, Sacha, 89, 111Stewart, Ian, back coverStillingfleet, Benjamin, 240Stolz, Otto, xxvSuddha, see Month, bright fortnightSuì (Chinese calendar), 252Sukkot (Jewish holiday), 70, 102Sullivan, Arthur, 45sum, 355, 363sum (summation macro), 363, 364Summation operator (
∑), xvi, 20, 40
summer, 191, 191, 358, 400Sun, 4, 5, 95, 174, 179, 185–187Sun Yat-sen, 263sunday, 27, 27, 59, 80, 103, 104, 108–110,
115–117, 325, 358, 361Sunrise, 4, 12, 124, 126–129, 134, 138, 182,
207–213, 217, 276, 278, 292–295,298, 305, 309
Hindu, 292–295sample dates, 441
sunrise, 210, 210, 212, 355, 409Sunset, 4, 12, 73, 83, 84, 87, 89, 182,
207–213, 229, 233, 237, 441sample dates, 441
sunset, 210, 210–212, 234, 330, 355, 409sunset-in-haifa, 234, 234, 355, 415Surya-Siddhanta (present), 275, 276, 282,
284, 285, 293, 295, 298, 299,306, 312
Sweden, 44, 47, 79, 119Switzerland, 47
Tt (Lisp constant), 361Ta’anit Esther (Jewish fast), 103ta-anit-esther, 103, 103, 355, 382Taiwan, 16Talmud
Babylonian, 9, 163, 207Jerusalem, 101
Tamerlane (Mongol conqueror), 14tammuz, 90, 90, 98, 358, 378Táng (Chinese dynasty), 246tangent-degrees, 355, 395Tantzen, Robert G., 61Taqizdeh, Seyyid H., 218, 219, 227Tarvainen, Tapani, 47Tasmania, xxitehran, 219, 219, 358, 411Tehran (Iran), 192, 219, 233, 236tenth (Lisp function), 361Terce (Christian prayer time), 213Teresi, Dick, 46tevet, 91, 91, 98, 107, 110, 358, 379Thanksgiving Day
Korean holiday, 271U. S. holiday, xxi, 27
Thebes (Egypt), 72third (Lisp function), 361Thompson, J. Eric S., 136–138, 151Thompson, Sue E., 42thursday, 27, 27, 81, 104, 108, 110, 358, 362Tibetan calendar, 6, 10, 12, 315–322
animal totems, 314, 316epoch, 15, 316expunged day, 316holidays, 319–322karan. as, 319, 320leap day, 316leap month, 316Lisp code, 435–437months, 315naks.atras, 319, 320sample dates, 441weekdays, 316yogas, 319
tibetan-date, 355, 435tibetan-day, 355, 435tibetan-epoch, 316, 316–318, 358, 435tibetan-from-fixed, 318, 318, 321, 355, 436tibetan-leap-day, 355, 435tibetan-leap-month, 355, 435tibetan-leap-month?, 321, 321, 355, 437tibetan-month, 355, 435tibetan-moon-equation, 317, 317, 318, 355,
436tibetan-new-year, 321, 321, 355, 437tibetan-sun-equation, 317, 317, 318, 355,
435tibetan-year, 355, 435Tika (Balinese calendar), 157, 158
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474 Index
Tikal (Guatemala), 144Time, 174–179
apparent, 184durations, 23–24Dynamical, 174, 177–179ephemeris, 174intervals, 22–23leap seconds, 175local mean, 175, 177, 184sidereal, 174, 185
actual, 187mean, 187
solar, 174–175, 177apparent, 182mean, 182
standard, 175, 177terrestrial, see Time, DynamicalUniversal, 174–175, 177zones, 175–177
time-from-clock, 23, 23, 355, 365time-from-moment, 18, 18, 23, 211, 355,
365time-of-day, 355, 365Tishah be-Av (Jewish fast), 92, 101, 103tishah-be-av, 103, 103, 355, 382tishri, 91, 91, 95, 97, 99, 101, 331, 358, 379Tishri (Hebrew month), 90–92, 95, 96,
98–103Tithi (Hindu calendar), 129, 278, 290, 292,
306, 312Titus Vespasianus, 92Toe-Wang-Yong-Sa (Korean calendar), 271Tokyo (Japan), 268Tonalpohualli (Aztec calendar), 145,
148–149Tondering, Claus, xxvtopocentric-lunar-altitude, 207, 207, 328,
355, 408Trajan (= Marcus Ulpius Traianus), 101Trần Đức Ngọc, xxvTrần Tiến Bình, 273Transfiguration (Orthodox holiday), 71Trepidation, 293Trinity Sunday (Christian holiday), 121Troesch, Albert, 42true, 66, 208, 359, 362Tseng, Karen, xxiiiTsuchihashi, Paul Y., 273Tsurphu calendar, 315Tsybulsky, Vladimir V., 87Tu-B’Shevat (Jewish holiday), 103, 110
tuesday, 27, 27, 59, 108, 110, 359, 361tumpek, 160, 160, 355, 394Tumpek (Balinese holiday), 155, 160Tumpek Kandang (Balinese holiday), 160Tumpek Krulut (Balinese holiday), 160Tumpek Kuningan (Balinese holiday), 160Tumpek Landep (Balinese holiday), 160Tumpek Ringgit (Balinese holiday), 160Tumpek Uduh (Balinese holiday), 160Tun, Li-Ch’en, 273Turkey, 47Turning of the Wheel of Dharma (Buddhist
holiday), 322Twilight, 212Tykocinski, Jehiel M., 212Type declarations, 337–359, 362Tzolkin (Mayan calendar), 30–31, 142–145,
148Tzom Gedaliah (Jewish fast), 103Tzom Tammuz (Jewish fast), 103Tzom Tevet (Jewish fast), 103, 104
UUayeb (Mayan calendar), 139, 140Uchida, Masao, 273ujjain, 292, 292, 295, 296, 308, 359, 429Ujjain (India), 292, 295, 300Ulisano, Benita, xxvUlugh Beg, 14, 85‘Umar, Caliph, 84Underhill, Muriel M., 313United States of America, see also Alaska,
Hawaii, New York, and Urbana,27, 47, 59, 121, 175, 328
Naval Observatory, xxiiUniversal House of Justice, 233universal-from-dynamical, 179, 179, 195,
356, 399universal-from-local, 175, 175, 177, 184,
209, 300, 356, 398universal-from-standard, 177, 177, 213,
219, 234, 241, 248, 250, 251, 326,330, 356, 398
Unix, xxiiunlucky-fridays-in-range, 60, 60, 356, 372urbana, 172, 172, 191, 211Urbana (Illinois), 0, 170, 172, 174, 191, 211,
448urbana-sunset, 211, 211urbana-winter, 191, 191Urip (Balinese calendar), 157
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Uspensky, James V., 61, 121Uttar Pradesh (India), 277
VVah. id (Bahá’í calendar), 230Vaikunta Ekadashi (Hindu holiday), 306Vaisakha (Hindu month), 278, 306, 321van Dalen, Benno, 87, 227van der Waerden, Bartel L., 42van Flandern, Thomas C., 60van Gent, Robert H., xxv, 119, 180, 181, 188,
194van Vlijmen, Oscar, xxvvan Wijk, Walther E., 124, 126, 128, 135,
275, 292, 299, 313Varalakshmi Vratam (Hindu holiday), 306Varanasi (= Banaras) (India), 303Varro (= Marcus Terentius Varro), 46Vatican Council, Second, 121V.E. (= Vikrama Era), 290Vedic months, 239Vega (star), 186Venus, 5, 124, 199, 282Verne, Jules, 172Vesper (Christian prayer time), 213Victorian cycle, 115Vietnamese calendar, 271–272
celestial stem names, 272Lisp code, 423months, 272terrestrial branch names, 272
vietnamese-location, 271, 271, 356, 423Vikrama Era (Hindu calendar), 289Vilhjálmsson, Porsteinn, 80Vilna Gaon, see Eliyahu ben Shlomo ZalmanVishnu (Hindu deity), 306visible-crescent, 326, 326, 327, 356, 438Vollers, Karl, 326Voltaire, see Arouet, Francois Marievon Dechend, Hertha, 258von Lieven, Carl Christoph, 52von Linne, Carl, 239
WWustenfeld, Ferdinand, 87Wada, Eiiti, xxvWallis, Faith, 46Wallis, John, 116Warnings, 39–41Wassef, Cérès W., 77Wauchope, Robert, 150
Waupotitsch, Roman, xxvwednesday, 27, 27, 104, 109, 110, 312, 359,
362Week, 4–5
Hebrew, 89Islamic, 83–84Persian, 218
WeekdaysArmenian, 5Bahá’í, 229Coptic, 74Ethiopic, 75Hebrew, 89Hindu, 124Islamic, 83, 84Persian, 218sample dates, 441Tibetan, 316
Welch, Windon C., 273Whitmundy (Christian holiday), 119Whitney, William D., 312Whitsunday (Christian holiday), 119Widiarki, Ni Made, 152Wiesenberg, Ephraim J., 111, 331Wildmann, Helmut, xxvWilhelm, Robert, 479Willey, Gordon R., 150winter, 191, 191, 251, 359, 400Woodworth, Joyce, xxvWoolhouse, Wesley S. B., 41, 87World Council of Churches, 119, 121, 325,
331World Wide Web, xxiv, 2, 361Wynn, Peter, 42
XXıan (China), 246Xihuitl (Aztec calendar), 145–147Xiuhmolpilli (Aztec calendar), 149Xú Xıqí, 247, 273
YY10K problem, 39Y2K problem, xxYadav, Bhuri S., 312yahrzeit, 107, 107, 108, 356, 383Yahrzeit (Jewish event), 105–108yahrzeit-in-gregorian, 108, 108, 356, 384Yallop, Bernard D., 215Yáng Guangxian, 248Yaqob, Daniel, xxv
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Yarshater, Ehsan, 227Year, 4, 6–9, 185–236
A.U.C., 69–70embolismic (Hebrew calendar), 90equinoctial, 222, 226gravid (Hebrew calendar), 90Gregorian calendar, 47–48Hebrew sabbatical, 91leap, 7, 32–39, 45, 49, 63, 64, 73, 74,
90–94, 97, 100, 103, 105–107,109, 218, 223, 240, 243, 275
negative, 12–14Roman, 69–70sıvıs (Ottoman Empire), 83sabbatical (Hebrew calendar), 91sidereal, 125, 187, 276, 284solar, 7, 146, 195, 241tropical, 46, 105, 140, 187, 195, 247
Year bearer (Mayan calendar), 144, 149year-rome-founded, 69, 69, 70, 359, 373Yoga
Hindu, 311–312Tibetan, 319
yoga, 311, 311, 356, 435
Yoh.anan ben Zakkai, 70Yom ha-Shoah (Holocaust Memorial Day),
104Yom ha-Zikkaron (Israel Memorial Day),
104Yom Kippur (Jewish holiday), 92, 101, 103yom-ha-zikkaron, 104, 104, 356, 383yom-kippur, 101, 101, 356, 382Yucatan (Mexico), 137, 140
ZZarineba, Fariba, xxvZeller’s congruence, 53, 56–57Zeller, J. Christian J., 56–57, 61Zhongqì (Chinese calendar), 248, 249Zodiac, 6, 88, 123, 126, 127, 130, 186, 195,
248, 274, 276–278, 280, 286, 287,305
Zomorodian, Afra, xxvzone, 356, 396zone-from-longitude, 175, 175, 295, 356,
398Zoroastrian calendar, 26, 217
epoch, 15
The covers of this book are too far apart.—Attributed to Ambrose Bierce
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