CAMBRIDGE, MASS., AN.-FEB., I884.

January--February x884. PST’CIIE. 133

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., AN.-FEB., I884.

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PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES.

CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB.

Continued/7"om . b.)

I MAY I883.--The 93rd meeting of theClub was held at 9 Brattle Square, Cam-bridge, 1I May 1883 In the absence of thePresident, Mr. S. H. Scudder was chosenChairman. Three members were present.The minutes of the last meeting were read

and approved. The additions to the libraryof the Club were announced by the Secretary.

Mr. R. tlayward exhibited a specimen ofChlaeius tometosus taken at Milton, Mass.,which varied strikingly fl-om the commonform of this insect.Mr. S. H. Scudder showed a collection of

colored figures of insects drawn by Major j.E. LeConte. These figures were a continua-tion of the collection which was exhibited atthe last meeting.Mr. S. H. Scudder described the habits of

21yrmecobkila and gave a history of speci-mens previously mentioned as from America.Living specimens of young M. 2beraudi,taken among ants under bark, at Washing-ton, D. C., were shown.Mr. S. II. Scudder called attention to the

eleventh part of W. H. Edwards’ "Butterflies

of North Anerica" and showed specimens ofeggs and larvae of LemoniasMr. G. Dinanaock described a mode of

mounting eggs of insects, or other small ob-jects, for the collection, in such a way thatthey may be examined easily with the micro-

scope. The eggs or other objects are mount-ed in rings of cork between two thin cover-

glasses such as are used for microscope slides.Thus mounted, and sealed with black lac or

other means, the specimens can be pinned inthe collection with safety and neatness.Specimens can be mounted in Canada balsamin these cork rings, in the way described byCameron (Proc. nat. hist. soc. Glasgow, I88-I88Z, v. 5, pt. I, p. 4-7), who used, however,paper in place of cork. Cork is lighter than

paper, is more convenient tbr pinning, andcan be cut easily into rings of different sizeswith a cork-borer such as is used in chemicallaboratories. If circular cover-glasses areused the cells can be sealed neatly on a turn-table for preparing microscope slides. Speci-mens illustrating several styles of mountingwere shown.Mr. A. F. Foerste communicated (through

the Secretary) a note upon the fluid thrownout by Atlacus luna just after it emerges fromthe chrysalis.

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

4 DEC. I883. A paper by Dr. C: V.Riley on "The use of napthaline [sic-] inmedicine and as an insecticide," was read forDr. Riley, in his absence, by Dr. W: S. Bar-nard. It was in the main abstracted fromDr. Ernst Fischer’s "Das naphtalin in derheilkunde und in der landwirthschaft

883." Naphthalin [C0H8-] was first made inI8O8. Nothing was said by Dr. Riley of itsuse in medidine. Its use as a substitute forcamphor, for killing museum pests, was sug-gested in 84o. Placed in insect boxes, it killsacari and psoci, but not other museum pests.Experiments were made with it against Phyl-loxera vifoliae in I87Z. Fischer began ex-

134 PSUCIIE. January--February 884.

perimenting with it in I88I. It is a better in-secticide and cheaper in its crude form thanwhen pure, but is more injurious to plants inthat form. It has been applied to grape vinesby pouring a kilogram of it in a trench from

15 to 20 cm. deep near the stock of the vine,and then filling the trench with earth.Dr. T: Taylor said that he had recom-

mended the use of naphthalin for killingphylloxera about ten years ago, and promisedto read a paper on the subject at the nextmeeting of the society. He had not placedthe substance in the ground.

Dr. \V. S. Barnard said that naphthalinmight prove valuable as an insecticide, ifmade cheap enough and so applied as notto injure the plants. He had devised amethod and apparatus by which those insect-icides which are dangerous to plants, suchas kerosene, cyanide of potassium [-KCN],and bisulphide of carbon [-CS.2], might beused so as to be safe for the plants and de-structive to insects in the ground. Thesesubstances have usually been applied on thesurface of the ground or buried shallowly,either among the roots or above them, butwhen brought in contact with the roots, instrength, they kill them. When applied involatile form they are not so injurious.Naphthalin and kerosene especially shouldbe placed deep below the roots. The appar-atus, which Dr. Barnard names a "nether-insertor," consists of a tube which is madeto fit closely around a central solid shaftsomewhat longer than the tube and pointedat its lower end. The tube may have aninternal diameter of 5 ram. and the shafta diameter of 2 mm. The upper end of thetube expands like a bowl. The upper por-tion of the shaft is weighted with a leavyball so disposed that the shaft can be graspedabove the ball. By withdrawing this shaftpartially from the tube and then returningit vith force, as the lower end of the tuberests on the ground, both tube and shaft canbe driven into the ground to any requireddepth. The shaft is then vholly withdrawn

and the insecticide poured into the tube, bywhich means it is placed beneath the rootswithout coming in contact with them. Thetube is then withdrawn, and the hole madeby it filled with earth. The insecticide, beingvolatile, rises through the ground and be-comes diffused. With this method of appli-cation kerosene is probably superior to naph-thalin.

28 DEC. I883 --DR. T Taylor read a pa-per."On naphthaline [sic], its effects on seeds,plants, insects and other animals," describingthe results of experiments made by him in

872 and since. He tbund thatits vapor pro-duced asphyxia in various degrees in differentanimals. Winged Pkylloxera vitifoliae werekilled altnost instantly. Aphides succumbedreadily when confined with the vapor. Co-leoptera resisted its effects several days.Imagos of Doryyhkora decemlieata died inten days, but recovered if sooner broughtinto fi’esh air. Females of Call@kora vomi-loria aborted their eggs and then recovered.Flies, bees and wasps were anaesthetized,but recovered if soon brought into fi’esh air.Ants and termites were killed by the vapor,or were driven away if free to depart. Crick-ets, roaches, locusts and other insects weredriven away. Rats and mice were drivenaway, and frogs were rendered torpid. Earthworms were driven out of the ground andkilled by placing naphthalin in the bottomof a flower-pot where the worms occurred.Insects infesting seeds were killed by enclos-ing the seeds in jars with naphthalin. Seedsenclosed with naphthalin for two years after-wards germinated, though the odor of henaphthalin was as strong at the end of thattime as at the beginning. Three tenderplants were kept in an atmosphere of naph-thalin vapor for thirty-six hours causing a

single leaf on two plants to wilt, and notaffecting the third plant. One hour wasufficient to kill the insects on the plants.Naphthalin acts more powerfully when moist-ened.

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