Cambridge | Jan-14 | Bioenergy from Plants and Algae: Plant Biomass and Algae - pt 1
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Dept of Plant Sciences Alison G. Smith & Beatrix Schlarb-Ridley [email protected] , [email protected] Bioenergy from Plants and Algae – pt1 Smart Villages Workshop, January 2013
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Presentation by Alison Smith, Cambridge University, Smart Villages Technology Workshop, Cambridge 14 January 2014 The purpose of the workshop was to bring together leading UK researchers to discuss emerging technologies for the sustainable production and use of energy in rural communities in developing countries, and to take a ‘look ahead’ at scientific developments and technologies that might be influential over the next 10 - 20 years. It was held under the auspices of the ‘smart villages’ initiative, a three - year project to advance sustain able energy provision for development in off - grid villages in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Transcript of Cambridge | Jan-14 | Bioenergy from Plants and Algae: Plant Biomass and Algae - pt 1
UNIVERSITY OFCAMBRIDGE
Dept of Plant Sciences
Alison G. Smith & Beatrix [email protected] , [email protected]
Bioenergy from Plants and Algae – pt1
Smart Villages Workshop, January 2013
Hydro Tides &
currents
Wind Geothermal Solar Predicted
need in 2050
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
TW
Potential of renewable energy sources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_resources_and_consumption
• Total solar radiation in one hour is > than annual energy use
• Solar panels (photovoltaics) or photosynthesis
Biomass
Bulk Biomass Different components can be extracted from
the biomass
Carbohydrate Lipids and hydrocarbons
BiodieselBioethanol, Biobutanol
Light / Land
Biogas
Anaerobic digestion
Thermochemical conversion
Burnt directly
Electricity / Heat
Syngas, Pyrolysis oil, Biochar
Solar energy into plant biomass � biofuel
liquid
transport
fuels
First versus next generation biofuels
• Current biofuels produced from
edible parts of crop plants
Oil from rapeseed or palm
Starch from maize or wheat grain
• Most plant biomass is in non-edible parts Carbohydrates in cell walls - cellulose, hemicellulose,
lignins
• Major technological
developments neededUnderstand structure, identify
degradative enzymes,
manipulate proportions
Biomass
Bulk Biomass Different components can be extracted from
the biomass
Carbohydrate Lipids and hydrocarbons
BiodieselBioethanol, Biobutanol
Light / Land
Microalgae as an alternative
Biogas
Anaerobic digestion
Thermochemical conversion
Burnt directly
Electricity / Heat
Syngas, Pyrolysis oil, Biochar
Biomass
Bulk Biomass Different components can be extracted from
the biomass
Carbohydrate Lipids and hydrocarbons
BiodieselBioethanol, Biobutanol
Light / Land
Microalgae as an alternative
• Don’t compete with crop plants
• Rate of algal growth > land plants
• Some strains make very high amounts
of fuel molecules
• Use of CO2, waste water
Waste water
from industry
CO2 from fixed
installations
palm oil oilseed rape soybean jatropha Nannochloropsis
5,950 1,190 446 1,892 136,900
Chisti et al. (2007) Biotechnology Advances, 25: 294–306
Estimates of potential oil yields (L/ha)
• Current UK diesel use would require 27,000 ML/y biodiesel
• 17.5 Mha for oilseed rape, 0.8 Mha for algae (UK land area = 24 Mha)
Scott et al (2010) Curr Op Biotech 21:277–286
Algal Biofuel Pipeline
Scott et al (2010) Curr Op Biotech 21:277–286
• Many separate aspects require optimisation
• Current algal cultivation optimised for high value, low volume products
Meta-analysis of algal biodiesel LCAs9
• Equivalent to land-based biofuels
• Improvements might come from coproducts
Liu et al (2012) Bioresource Tech 104: 803-806
