CAMBRIDGE IGCSE PHYSICS (0625) COURSE PLAN PREFACE

CAMBRIDGE IGCSE PHYSICS (0625) – COURSE PLAN

PREFACE

This Course Plan is prepared according to Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 specifications released for the examinations

to be held in June and November 2020 and 2021. In this plan, each topic (from the IGCSE specification) is considered

as a Blocks and are further divided to Units and Lessons. In each lessons, necessary basics, concepts and points to be

studied are listed in an order that is suitable for every student’s learning and understanding.

This Course Plan ensures that each and every small topic that is necessary for this exam is listed down, as it is

prepared in reference with the past question papers of the exam and some revered textbooks. Adding to that, in every

topic, some tips are provided (text written in blue colour) that will help in the clear understanding of the topics. Along

with that, plan for some timely ‘Practice Assignments’ is mentioned, regularly after some topics, which makes sure to

keep a student’s learning and progress in check.

The following chart shows the number of classes or hours needed for each major topic:

S.No

BLOCK

TOTAL NO. OF HOURS

REQUIRED

1 A- General Physics 16

2 B- Thermal Physics 6

3 C- Waves 10

4 D- Electricity & Magnetism 15

5 E- Atomic Physics 5

TOTAL HOURS 52*

* Note that these are the average minimum hours needed to cover and learn all the topics and can be increased if needed

BLOCK –A GENERAL PHYSICS TOTAL NO. OF HOURS = 16 HOURS

UNIT

NO.

LESSON

NO TOPICS AND CONCEPTS TO TEACH

NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

A.1 MEASUREMENT

A.1.1 * Measuring quantities – Fundamental and Derived quantities

* Measuring Length, Mass and Time – units, conversion of units (e.g.: kilogram to gram or vice-versa)

* Measuring intervals of time- pendulum ;

* Give an idea how the standard metre, kilogram and second are defined?

* Different System of units – MKS, CGS, FPS- SI Units

* Introduce important prefixes of units like Mega, Giga, Terra, Micro, Nano, Pico, Femto etc.

* Using Precision Instruments : Vernier Callipers and Micrometer Screw Gauge – parts, uses, procedure

to find Thickness and length accurately – finding the Least Count

TIPS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:

* Explain conversion of units using some numerical questions

* Explain the meaning of Precision and Accuracy

* Use videos to show, how Vernier callipers and Screw Gauge are used to measure thickness and sizes of

some complex dimensions

* Give hint in brief that mass is different from Weight

01

A.1.1 Measuring Derived Quantities:

* Explain how we can measure Area of Regular shapes and Irregular surfaces like leaf – Using graph

paper and method of calculating squares – Units of Area and conversion from Sq.m to Sq.cm or Sq.mm

* Explain how to measure Volume of Regular shapes and of Irregular objects (like a stone) –Using a

measuring jar method to find the volume – Using Eureka can to find volume of larger irregular objects

* Relation between Cubic Cms and mL; 1 Litre = 1000 c.c (or) 1 mL = 1 c.c

* Measuring Density of a substance : Understanding what is density; compare density of solids, liquids

and gases

* Density = Mass / Volume; Units of density; Measuring density –using measuring jar and a balance for

irregular shaped objects

* Predicting whether an object will float or drown in a given liquid- using densities


* Use numerical questions for the practice of calculating volume and densities for both regular and

irregular objects

01

A.2 MOTION

A.2.1 * Explain - Scalars and Vectors with examples

* Distinguish and explain the difference between – Distance & Displacement; Speed and Velocity with

Examples involving directions-Units and Conversions – Kmph to m/s

* Calculating Average speed and Average Velocities in different situations- like, if a vehicle moves with a

certain speed, v1 for a time t1 and then with speed v2 for a time t2

* Calculating acceleration = change in velocity / time ; show how change in direction of velocity changes

Acceleration; Units of acceleration- m/s2

* Understanding conditions of Rest, Uniform Motion, Constant acceleration motion, decelerated motion

( explain negative acceleration is deceleration); Motion with changing acceleration


* Practice of both numerical and theoretical questions related to above topics from past papers and more

01

A.2.2 GRAPHS :

* Distance- Time graphs and Displacement-Time graphs

(In conditions when an object is at rest, or moving with constant speed, accelerating and decelerating)

* Speed- Time graphs and Velocity-Time Graphs

( When object is at rest, moving with constant speed, constant acceleration/deceleration, changing

acceleration/deceleration)

* Calculating Distance travelled( Area under the Graph Method)and Acceleration ( Gradient Method) from

a Speed-Time Graph

* Demonstrate how to draw distance/displacement/speed/velocity vs Time graphs with a given data

*Then explain how to interpret from the graphs using Past paper Questions

01

LESSON

NO.

TOPIC


NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

A.2.3 Freely falling object:

* Deriving final velocity( and how velocity varies as it falls in case) of a freely-falling object

a) when there is no air resistance and

b) when there is air resistance

* Explaining about ‘g’ (acceleration due to gravity)- it is also referred as Gravitational Field Strength;

and how it varies from planet to planet; its value on Earth (9.8 m/s2) –Units of g :m/s2 or N/Kg


* Practice of past paper questions to understand the following:

- Comparison of final velocity and acceleration when there is air resistance and no air resistance

- Comparing the velocity of freely falling object when on earth and when on other planet

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-1 : Past Paper Questions on the topics of Measurement (Calculating time,

Volume and density) and Motion( Calculating Speed, Acceleration and Average speed)

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-2 : Past Paper Questions and other practice questions on Graphs – distance

time and Speed-time

A.3 MASS AND WEIGHT

* Explain the definitions of Mass and Weight – Formula of Weight = Mass x g

* Explain how mass is a property that resists change in motion and weight is a force due to the Gravity

* Compare Mass and Weight, in terms of :

a) scalar/vector b) which one remains constant anywhere c) Units

* Explain how weighing balances work and what quantity they measure –Weight or Mass?

TIPS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING :

* Practice of past paper questions on

a) Which quantity (mass or Weight) changes when an astronaut moves from earth to space or vice-versa

b) Calculating Weight on other planets ( given ‘g’ of the planets)

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-3 : Past Paper Questions and other practice questions on Freely falling object

(under air resistance and no air resistance) and on Mass & Weight

A.4 FORCES

A.4.1 * Understanding Force from Newton’s Laws of Motion –Force gives acceleration to a body

* Learning the relation, Force = Mass x Acceleration and units of force in MKS and CGS system

* Revisiting the relation, Weight = Mass x g; Understanding Weight as a Force

*Finding the resultant of two or more forces acting on the body in the same line

* Understand how the direction and magnitude of net force, have effect on the speed of the object.

*Understanding that the state of ‘equilibrium’ is when the net force is zero, and if a body is not in

equilibrium then there is a net force hence the body has some acceleration

* Learn different types of forces – Friction, Air Resistance, Spring(Elastic) Force

*When an object is moving in circular motion – a force acts perpendicularly to its motion

FREELY FALLING OBJECTS:

* Revisit the concept of freely falling objects –when an object is falling through air or any other fluid, what

is the net force acting on it and what will be its acceleration and speed, when

a)there is no air (fluid) resistance b) there is some air(fluid) resistance


*Practice problems of finding whether a car slows down or speeds up depending upon the resultant force

acting on it

*Numerical Questions on air resistance like when a sky diver uses his parachute and when not

* List some examples of objects in circular motion and see what force is acting at right angles to its motion

02

LESSON

NO.

TOPIC


NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

A.4.2

FRICTION:

* Understanding Friction as the force that opposes relative motion between surfaces in contact

* Effects of friction; Air resistance is one form of friction

FORCES ON SOLIDS:

*Understanding the type of forces that can act on a body – Tensile, Compressive, Bending and Torsional

forces – and the type of deformation they cause

EXTENSION OF SPRINGS/STRINGS:

* When a cord or spring is allow to stretch under a vertical force (Load), observe the extension with

respect to the changing load – draw the graph and study how it varies with load until it finally breaks

* Hooke’s Law – knowing the elastic limit or the Limit of proportionality – Force = k * x

* Understand how the spring/cord behaves beyond the Limit of Proportionality

* Importance of Spring Constant or Stiffness Constant (k) and its units

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-4 : Past Paper Questions and other practice questions on finding the net force, calculating acceleration and speed (under air resistance and no air resistance) and on extension of springs or cords(Hooke’s law)

A.4.3 MOMENT OF FORCES:

* Study the turning effect of forces – as in opening and closing door, a see-saw or using a crow-bar

* What is a Pivot; and how does the distance from pivot to the point of application of force change the

effect of the Moment of the force; At what angle the force should be applied for greater effect –

understand with some real life Activities –like lifting a load with a crow bar

* Beam on a pivot,; How should a force act to rotate the beam in clockwise or anti-clockwise motion

* Understand that a beam is in equilibrium when a) Net force on it zero and b)Moment of forces are also

balanced

*Calculating moments; Moment of Force = Force X Perpendicular distance from pivot to force

* Balancing Moment using the idea, Total anti-clockwise Moment = Total clockwise Moment

CENTRE OF MASS:

* Understanding the balance of taller and shorter objects; How do tight-rope walkers balance their weight

on a rope? Why objects with more mass on the top get easily toppled?

* What is the Centre of Mass? How to locate its position in symmetrical and non-symmetrical objects?

*Using the plumb-line method to find the COM in an irregular object

* How does the stability of a body depends on the position of the COM

01

A.5 MOMENTUM , IMPULSE AND PRESSURE

MOMENTUM & IMPULSE:

* What is Momentum? Understanding momentum when two objects collide

* Understanding momentum as a measure of an object’s resistance to stop moving

* Calculating Momentum, P = mass x Velocity; Units of Momentum

* Understanding that change in Momentum of a body is equal to its acceleration

* Impulse (J) = Change in the momentum = Force X Time

* Principle of conservation momentum:

Sum of the initial momentums of all bodies = Sum of the final momentums of all bodies

PRESSURE:

* Understanding pressure from the relation Pressure = Force / area

* Study how the pressure on the ground changes, when we stand on one foot and when we stand on our

two feet – How pressure varies with the area?

* Different units of pressure ( N/m2 , Pascal, Bar etc.)and relation between them

Pressure in Fluids:

* What is atmospheric pressure? How is it measured? How is a Barometer constructed?

* Manometer – using Manometer to find difference of pressure between two gases/liquids

* How to find pressure at a point inside a fluid?

Relation between Pressure (P),depth(d) and density(ρ) of the fluid: P = d x ρ x g

* Understand how pressure increases as you go deep into water

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-4 : Past Paper Questions on calculating Pressure (force per area or in fluids)

and on Moments of Forces

UNIT

NO.

LESSON


NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

A.6 ENERGY, WORK AND POWER

A.6.1 ENERGY:

* What is Energy? How is it useful?

* Law of conservation of Energy; Different forms of energy like Potential, Kinetic, Elastic, Electrical, Heat,

Light, Sound, Nuclear and Internal Energies

* How is Energy transferred from object to object – by applying force (mechanical work), by heating,

through electricity and through radiation – How waves transfer energy from place to place.

* How energy conversions occurs – from which form to which form energy is converted when a person is

running?

* Calculating Kinetic Energy using 𝟏𝟐 m v 2 and Gravitational Potential Energy using m g h

* Resources of Energy: What are the different sources of electricity and other forms of energy?


* Observe the appliance and machines around you and list what energy is being converted what form?

* List how different types of energy are transformed into another –waves or by force?

01

A.6.2 *Understand what are the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of obtaining energy – cost,

renewability, reliability, environmental impact and efficiency of:

-Solar energy from Sun(understanding that Sun is the major source of energy)

- Energy from water in form of Tides and Waves - Hydro Electricity Power Plant –how Potential energy is

converted to electrical energy

- Nuclear energy –Nuclear Power Plants

-Chemical energy (Fuel Cells)

- Fossil fuels

* What is Efficiency? How do you calculate the efficiency of device/ machine? What are energy loses and

In which form they occur?

* Efficiency % =𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 x 100


* Go through videos of different types of power plants around the world – give your ideas on each type of energy:

which one is environmental friendly and which one has maximum output?

01

A.6.3 WORK AND POWER:

* What is work ; relation between work and energy; units of work and energy

* Work done = Force x Distance moved

* Comparing work done with Gravitational Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

* When does work done become zero?

*What is Power? How to calculate power from work done or energy?

* Power = ∆𝑊𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 or

∆ 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 ; Units of Power;

* Calculating Efficiency of a machine from power; Efficiency % =𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 x 100

* Understanding power input of machines and devices (like light bulbs, Computer, Refrigerators etc.)

- What is wattage? – How electricity bill is calculated depending upon the power consumption?

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-5 : Past Paper Questions on Work, Power and Energy

REVISION OF CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENT, MOTION (GRAPHS), MASS & WEIGHT 01

REVISION OF CONCEPTS OF FORCES (F = ma, EXTENSION-LOAD AND MOMENT OF FORCE) 01

REVISION O CONCEPTS OF IMPULSE & MOMENTUM, PRESSURE, WORK-POWER-ENERGY 01

BLOCK –B THERMAL PHYSICS TOTAL NO. OF HOURS = 6 HOURS

LESSON

NO.

TOPIC


NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

B.1 TEMPERATURE AND KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER

B.1.1 * What is Heat and what is Temperature? –definitions and differences

* Temperature scales – Celsius, Fahrenheit ad Kelvin –Converting from one unit to other, formulas

like 0C = 𝟓𝟗 (0F-32) and 0K = 0C + 273

Instruments to Measure Temperature:

a) Thermometer - principle of working - types and where they are used; Liquid-in-glass

thermometers – designing and Calibrating – using fixed points- Melting and Boiling point of water

b) Thermistors –working principle –uses

c) Thermocouple – working principle- advantages over thermometers

01

B.1.2 Simple Kinetic Model of Matter:

* Different states of matter - solids, liquids and gases –inter molecular distances in them ; size and shape

* Study changes of state – Melting, Evaporation, Freezing, Condensation and Sublimation with examples

* Difference between boiling and evaporation –which happens first

* Understand from a Temperature vs Time graph of ice melting and then evaporation as steam-

temperature is constant during the change of state

* Understanding Melting and Boiling points of substances and how they vary in different materials

* Explain what happens during state change using Kinetic Model – how molecules of solids vibrate and

How molecules of a gas are in constant motion- collisions of molecules –What is the effect of

temperature on the speed/energy of the molecules; other observations from Kinetic Model

* Explain Pressure as the collisions of molecules with the walls of the container

* Explain what is Brownian Motion – using Kinetic Model


* Explain the following from Kinetic Model:

- Why melting and boiling points are different for different substances?

- Why evaporation takes more time than melting?

- Why the smell of hotter substances diffuse faster?

02

B.1.3 GAS LAWS:

* Explain what happens when gases expand / or when compressed? –Using Kinetic theory

* Boyle Law : Pressure vs Volume (at constant temperature)

* Charles Law : Volume vs Temperature (at constant Pressure)

* Gay-Lussac Law: Pressure vs Temperature (at constant Volume)


* Use the examples of piston-cylinder or air-in-balloon experiments to understand the gas laws

* Numerical questions for practice to use the formulas

B.2 THERMAL EXPANSION

B.2.1 * Explain how Solids, Liquids and Gases expand in their own way when heated

* Understanding expansion in solids using: - Rivet fitting , Gap between metal railway tracks, bimetallic

strip, breaking of glass when heated and then cooled

* Expansion in liquids- Liquid thermometer working

*Expansion in gases –gas thermometer, piston-cylinder arrangement

*Comparing expansion of Solids, Liquids and gases

01

B.2.2 Thermal Capacity or Heat Capacity:

* Explain Heat capacity and Specific heat capacity with definition, units and example problems

* Explain how SHC gives measure of energy required and as a material property

Latent Heat:

* Explain Latent Heat and Specific Latent heat with definition, units and example problems

* Differentiate between Latent Heat of Fusion and Vaporization


* Observe and compare the expansion of different solids – and then compare their SHC and LH

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-1 : Past Paper Questions on the topics of Temperature, Expansion, Gas Laws,

Specific Heat and Latent Heat

Using formulas, graphs and

questions

LESSON

NO.

TOPIC


NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

B.3 HEAT TRANSFER

B.3.1 a) Conduction :

* What is Conduction? What materials show Conduction of heat- Conductors and Insulators

* Examples of Conduction/ Insulation–thermos flask, False Ceilings;

* How molecules conduct the heat?

* Explain why air is a bad conductor of heat? And its applications in daily life – like gap between walls

for insulation

b) Convection:

* How do fluids transfer heat through convection?

* Explain the phrase “Hot air rises”

* Understanding convection with real-life examples like – blowing air onto hot tea, using fans,

Radiators in car engines, Hot air balloons etc.

c)Radiation:

* Understanding how we receive light and heat in the form of EM radiation

* What is Infrared radiation? - Which surfaces produce IR radiation? How is it detected?

* Why heat transfer by radiation doesn’t need a medium? What are Infrared Cameras?

* Which substances are Good Absorbers or Good Emitters?


Explain the following:

- Why do animals curl while sleeping in winters?

- How does a sweater/ thermal wears keep us warm?

- What are Ocean currents?

- Why it is preferred to wear Light coloured clothes in summer?

- Why do a Refrigerators have freezer on the top?

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-2 : Past Paper Questions on the Heat Transfer

REVISION OF ALL TOPICS IN THERMAL PHYSICS 01

BLOCK –C WAVES (WAVE PROPERTIES, LIGHT AND SOUND) TOTAL NO. OF HOURS = 10 HOURS

LESSON

NO.

TOPIC


NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

C.1 WAVES -TYPES AND PROPERTIES

C.1.1

* Definition and types of waves - light waves, Sound waves, water waves, Ripples, etc

* Classification of waves into

(a) Transverse and Longitudinal (b) Mechanical and Electro Magnetic Waves

* Explaining Crest & Trough, Compression and Rarefaction


( Go through videos/animations of wave propagation in Transverse and Longitudinal Waves

using springs, strings and Ripples)

01

C.1.2

* Explain quantities used to compare waves:

a) Wavelength, b) Frequency, c) Amplitude, d) Time period and e) Speed

* Using the formula, Speed of wave = λ x f


( * Use ripple tanks or waves in a string to demonstrate these quantities

* Practice of problems to calculate the frequency, time period etc., from waves graphs)

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT: 1 Past Paper Questions on Calculation of λ, f, A and T

C.1.3

* Describe

a) Reflection at a plane surface- show how waves bounce back from straight and slant surfaces.

b) Refraction due to change of speed- show how λ changes as waves travels from one medium to other and

c) Diffraction of waves through a gap- show how gap size and wavelength effects the diffraction


* Explain real-life experiences like diffraction of Sounds from one room to other through

windows/doors;

* Explain the " Halo" of lights (Vehicle headlights, Moon light, Sun light) formed due to diffraction

* Use Ripple tank videos to show Reflection, Reflection and Diffraction Phenomenon

* Also we can show these phenomenon using Light rays in dark

01

C.2 LIGHT AND ITS PROPERTIES

C.2.1

Explain a) Rectilinear Propagation of Light with Cardboard and Candle Experiment

b) Reflection of Light - Laws of Reflection


* Explain how Light enables us to see- how we can see things in light but not in dark

* Describe the formation of image in Plane Mirror -Lateral Inversion of image - the word

"AMBULANCE" as it appears on Ambulance Vehicles

* Introduce Ray Diagrams and show how they help to know how images are formed

* Give an idea what is meant by- Real /Virtual, Upright / Inverted and same size/Diminished images

01

C.2.2

c) Refraction of light

TIPS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING: * Using pencil in glass of water experiment (and other real -life

observations like fishes in a pond appearing to be at shallow depths)

* Explain reason for refraction -change of wavelength or speed of light wave

* Describe how the light ray bends towards and away from normal, as it moves into Denser and

rarer Mediums respectively - Angles of incidence(i) and refraction (r)

* Describe with pictures how light ray from an object enters our eye, gets refracted by cornea

and forms image on the Retina

* Refractive Index definition and formula,

n = ( speed of light in vacuum)/(speed of light in the medium)

* Snell’s law: n = Sin i / Sin r

* Practice of numerical questions on Refractive Index and Speed of light in different mediums

Total Internal reflection

* Explain the phenomenon and critical angle (C)

* Finding Refractive index using Critical Angle using n = 1 / (Sin C)

* Application of Total Internal reflection - Optical Fibres -uses

TIPS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING: Use videos or experiments to show Total Internal Reflection;

* Show Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibres

02

LESSON

NO.

TOPIC


NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT: 2 Past Paper Questions on Reflection, Refraction and

calculation of Refractive Index, Critical Angle etc.

C.2.3

Lenses:

* Describe differences between Lenses and Mirrors - Convex and Concave

* Explain how to draw Ray diagrams for simple plane mirror- axis, focal point, focal length, etc

* Revisit and explain the terms : Real /Virtual, Upright / Inverted and same size/Diminished images

* Ray Diagrams of Converging Lens - i) when object is beyond focal point (ii) when it is on the focal

point and (iii) when object is within the focal length(point)

* Describing how Magnifying Glasses work- ray diagram


* Study convex and concave lens using a clean steel spoon and see how the image looks in them

* Explain how sunlight when focussed onto a paper using a magnifying glass, can burn the paper

01

C.2.4

d) Dispersion of Light

* Explain how cut glasses, prism give out spectrum of colours

*Explain how light disperses through a prism - reason for dispersion

* Explain which color refracts more than other and why?


* Give some real life observations and their reasons like

- How rainbows are formed?

- Colours on a CD

* Explain why a Monochromatic Light cannot be dispersed by a prism?

01 C.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

* Describe different parts (rays) in an Electromagnetic Spectrum

* Show how wavelength, Frequency and energy varies from Gamma to Radio waves

* Point out, order of wavelength of different rays

* Speed of EM wave in vacuum ~ 300 000000 m/s

* TIPS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING: Learn what determines the colour of an object - for example a leaf is

green because it absorbs all wavelengths except that of green light, which it reflects

* Uses of EM waves:

Like Infrared in Remote controls, Microwaves for satellite broadcasting, etc

* Hazards due to EM waves like Microwaves, X-rays and UV rays -safety measures to take

C.4 SOUND

* How does Sound travel from the source through the medium to our ear-drum?

* How is sound produced? Different type instruments producing sound – Percussion, String and Wind

Instruments – how do they transfer sound?

* Speed of sound in different materials- Calculating the time taken by Sound to travel -ECHO-

numerical questions to find speed of sound using Echo

* Explain why sound cannot travel through vacuum.

* Observing and studying Sound notes using a signal generator - wavelength, amplitude, frequency

* Pitch and Loudness of a sound note

* Audible range of human ear - Ultrasound and infra sound- give examples


* Compare the speed of sound in different materials and study the reason for different speeds in those

Materials

* Study the applications of Ultra Sound

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT: 3 Past Paper Questions on Lenses, Dispersion, EM Spectrum and Sound

REVISION OF WAVE PROPERTIES, LIGHT, SPECTRUM AND SOUND 01

BLOCK –E ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM TOTAL NO. OF HOURS = 15 HOURS

LESSON

NO.

TOPIC


NO. OF

HOURS

NEEDED

D.1 MAGNETISM

D.1.1 * Magnet – Properties, poles; Earth as a magnet – North and South pole

* Explain ‘Like poles repel, unlike poles attract’; Use of a compass and how it works?

* Explain magnetic force, magnetic field – use iron fillings experiment for plotting and observing field lines

* What are magnetic and non-magnetic materials? Explain hard and Soft materials?

* Explain why magnets can’t stick to Stainless steel?

* Permanent Magnets; How to make Temporary Magnets –Their use in electronic, as speakers

* What is Induced Magnetism? – Methods to induce magnetism -stroking with a magnet, use of direct

current(d.c.) in a coil and hammering in a magnetic field

* What is Demagnetisation? –Methods to demagnetise a magnet.

* What are Electro magnets? What is a Solenoid?

* Constructing a Solenoid; What are the factors to increase the strength of a Solenoid? ; Observing, how the

strength of magnetic field vary around the solenoid.

* Applications of Electromagnets – Electric Bell, Alarm, Loudspeakers etc.


* Use videos to explain the solenoid and the magnetic field around it

01

D.2 STATIC ELECTRICITY

D.2.1 * Understanding charges – positive and negative; how substances (atoms) become charged –losing or

gaining electrons from examples

* What are protons and electrons? What are their charges? Units of charge.

* Explain “unlike charges attract and like charges repel” – real life experiments like comb attracting paper

Pieces, balloon attracting to a wall- What cause lightning during a storm?

* What is Static Electricity? How to charge an object – by friction and by induction

* What happens when a charged object is brought near/ kept in contact with a neutral object?

* What is an Electric Field? – representing electric field around a positive charge and a negative charge –

what are electric field lines and how to draw them?


* Use videos to demonstrate the behaviour of charged objects- how clouds become charged during storm, etc.

01

D.3 CURRENT ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES

D.3.1 a) Current :

* What is current? Units of Current; Current (I) = Charge(Q) / Time(T)

* Current as flow of positive charges; Direction of current and direction of electrons; Conductors and

Insulators – Examples; Flow of current in a circuit; Measuring Current – Ammeters

* How metals are good conductors of electricity?

b) Potential Difference:

* What is Potential difference? Explain the concept of p.d. or Voltage with analogies like water flowing from

a higher level to a lower level region?

* Units of p.d and measuring p.d – using voltmeters

*Explain p.d. as work done to move a unit charge and hence the unit, 1 Volt = 1 Joule/sec

c) Electromotive Force:

* Explain the use of power sources –what is a cell and a battery?- Brief how they convert chemical energy to

electrical energy – electrodes and flow of electrons between them

* What is emf of a battery or cell? How does emf define the strength of a battery?

d) Resistance:

* Defining Electrical resistance- how does it vary from object to object?

* Ohms law: V = I R and using it to find Voltage, Current or Resistance; Units of resistance-Ohms(Ω)

* Use of resistors in a circuit; Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors

* How to find the resistance of a conductor using current and voltage –using voltmeter and ammeter

* How do resistance of a wire vary with the length and cross-sectional area of the wire?


*Observe the specifications on some electrical appliances and identity the electrical quantities

02

LESSON

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D.3.2 * Understanding Electricity as energy –How electricity is produced in power station and transmitted

through power lines to ours Mains supply

* How to calculate Electrical Energy and Power?

* What is meant by wattage of electrical appliances? Which appliances consume more energy or power?

* Electrical Energy transferred = Power x Time ; Power = Current X Voltage

*Understanding the relation between Voltage and energy

*Understanding our Electricity bill – what is a KWh?

* Losses of electrical energy as heat


* Watch the videos of Hydro-electric power stations, Solar Energy and Wind Power Plants

* List down the important devices or parts like cables, generator, transformer etc., that bring the electricity

to the appliances in your home

* Make a list of electrical appliances in your home- note down the power input they need-and then multiply

with the number of hours you use those devices per day-hence find the total power consumption per day

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-1 : Past Paper Questions on Magnets, Static Electricity and Electrical Quantities

like charge, current, p.d, resistance, variation of resistance with area and length ,Energy and power

D.4 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

D.4.1 Electrical Components :

* How to represent a simple circuit – power sources(battery), wires, etc

* Different symbols used to represent devices like battery, resistor, ammeter, voltmeter, switch (ON and

OFF), Lamp, variable resistors, galvanometer, fuse, diodes, capacitor, relay, etc.

* Brief discussion of some important circuit components – symbol, applications and working of

i) Resistors –variable resistors(potentiometers), Rheostats –used in volume controls of stereo/radio

ii) Transducers- input & output transducers – use in bells or alarms

iii)LDR –use as input transducers; How does resistance vary with the brightness?

iv) Thermistors- How resistance varies with temperature? And use in temperature-sensitive alarms

v) Capacitors-how do capacitors store energy? Their use in electrical appliances.

vi) Relay- how electromagnets are used in Relay circuits? Use in connecting circuits using a Switch

vii) Diodes- LEDs –use of diode as Rectifiers( converting a.c. to d.c)- energy efficient LED bulbs

01

D.4.2 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS:

* Differences between Series and parallel circuits – how current flows in each component

* Understanding about current and voltage (p.d.) in Series and Parallel Circuits. For example, current

passing in each component is same in a series circuit but gets divided along the branches in parallel;

* Explaining why Ammeter is connected in series and Voltmeter is connected in parallel to the circuit

* Calculating Equivalent Resistance of two or more resistors in a) Series and b) Parallel – formula to

calculate equivalent resistance

* Pros and Cons of connecting Lamps in series and parallel circuits – in terms of brightness of the bulbs,

energy consumed from the power source- What happens if one of the lamp stops working in the circuit?

* What is a Potential Divider Circuit? How do you calculate the output voltage?

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-2 : Past Paper Questions on Electrical Components like Diodes,

LDR,Thermistors,etc.; Questions on series and parallel arrangement of resistors

D.5 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

D.5.1 * What are Electronic devices? Digital vs Analogue devices with examples

* What is 0 and 1 mean in Digital Electronics? What is ON condition and what is OFF condition?

* LOGIC GATES:

i) AND

ii) OR

iii) NOT

*COMBINED LOGIC

GATES:

i) AND NOT

ii) NOT AND

iii) NAND

iv) NOR

01

Explain with Circuit Symbols, application and Truth Tables

Explain with Circuit Symbols, application and Truth Tables

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D.6 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

D.6.1


* Giving a brief idea of the journey of electricity from power house to sub-station; from sub-station through

Transformers to our homes

* Explain flow of electricity from Mains to the appliances – brief idea about Live, Neutral and Earth wires

* Explain hazards related to electricity like :

i) Short- Circuiting ii) Ove-heating of cables and appliances

iii) Accidents due to damaged Insulation or Damp conditions

* Safety devices used in circuits :

i) Fuse - How to choose current rating of the fuse?

ii) Circuit Breakers ( Trip Switches and RCD)

* What is meant by Earthing or Grounding System? Why do we need to have Earthing Systems in our home?

01

D.7 ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS

D.7.1 * Understand what Electro Magnetism is

* What is Electro Magnetic Induction?

* Explain how emf is induced in a conductor, when a) it is moving across a magnetic field b) the conductor is

placed in a moving magnetic field

*What is a Dynamo Effect?

* Applications of this phenomenon – What are the factors affecting the magnitude of this induced emf?

* What is the direction of the induced current with respect to the direction of the Magnetic Field

* Explaining different sources of electricity- basic principle of producing electricity from these sources of

Energy – Introduction to everyday devices like Generator, Motor and Transformer

* Brief discussion of Alternating and Direct current – which type of current is transferred through the power

lines and which one is used by the appliances

01

D.7.2 A.C. GENERATOR:

* Working principle and different parts of an A.C. Generator like Slip rings,

Brushes etc

* Explain why this generator produces alternating current?

* Significance of Slip rings and Brushes

* Describe how can we increase the induced voltage in a generator?

* Which direction will the induced current flow?

* Understanding that the induced current always flows in a way

that its magnetic field opposes the change that causes it

*Understanding Fleming’s right hand rule

* Understanding the direction of current and emf using a graph of current vs time or voltage vs time, to

understand the changes in current with respect to position of the rotating coil

01

D.7.3 TRANSFORMER:

* What is the need of a Transformer? Types of Transformers- Step-up and Step-Down transformers

* Construction of a basic Transformer- parts and their significance – Soft Iron core, Primary and Secondary

Coils

* Understanding the relation between Voltage and the number of turns in each coil- 𝑽𝒑𝑽𝒔 =

𝑵𝒑𝑵𝒔

* Describe the working of a transformer; and its significance when current is transmitted through the power

lines with high voltages; Also what are the advantages of high voltage power transmissions?


* Observe the working of different alternators or generators and transformers – what is the significance of each

Component

* Study how a conductor is supplied with mechanical energy (from hydro, wind, fuel or tidal power) and is converted

to electricity using a generator

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-3 : Past Paper Questions on Electrical safety, electromagnetic inductor,

a.c.generator and transformers

LESSON

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D.7.4 MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT:

* Compare and learn how a conductor moving in a magnetic field produces current (as in generators)

*and how a current flowing in a conductor can create a magnetic field around

* Understand the direction of magnetic field with respect to the direction of current in the conductor.

* Revisiting the electromagnets – how does the direction of current vary the poles of the electromagnets

* Cork-screw rule –Working of relay circuits

*Describe the effect on the magnetic field of changing the magnitude and direction of the current

*Applications of this Magnetic effect

*Force on current carrying conductor : Motor effect

D.C.MOTOR:

* Working principle and different parts of an D.C. Motor like Commutator and Brushes

* How does the coil experience a turning effect when a current is passed

through it- understanding the direction of current and the rotation of the

coil

* How does this turning effect depend on –

-Number of turns on the coil,

-the magnitude and direction of the current and

-the strength magnetic field

* Fleming’s left hand rule – its applications

* Use of commutator and brushes in a d.c. Motor

* Applications of d.c. motor, in various other appliances-to convert electrical and magnetic energy into

mechanical motion

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT-4 : Past Paper Questions on a.c.generator, d.c. motor and transformers

REVISION OF MAGNETISM, STATIC ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES 01

REVISION OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY 01

REVION OF ELECTROMAGNETISM, GENERATOR, MOTOR AND TRANSFORMER 01

BLOCK –E ATOMIC PHYSICS TOTAL NO. OF HOURS = 5 HOURS

Lesson

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No. of

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Needed

E.1

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Theories that explained atom's structure:

* Structure of atom and various theories given by Dalton, JJ Thompson(plum pudding

model),Rutherford(Nuclear Model), Bohr, Chadwick and Schrodinger

* Describe the location of sub-atomic particles like electrons, protons and neutrons

* Table: charge, mass, relative charge and mass of electron, proton and neutron

TIPS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING: *Explain the differences between element, atom and molecule

* Show periodic table- different group of elements

01

E.2

ISOTOPES AND UNSTABLE NUCLEI

* Explain Atomic Number (Z), Mass Number(A) and Nuclide notation 𝑿𝒁𝑨

* Show how to calculate number of neutrons ,Z and A

* Explain about Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones - with examples

* Introduce isotopes of hydrogen: 𝐇𝟏𝟏 , 𝐇𝟏𝟐 and 𝐇𝟏𝟑

* Explain why some nuclei are unstable

* Describe what are Nuclear Fission and Nuclear fusion reactions


* Give brief introduction about Nuclear Fusion reactions happening on Sun –use the equations to show

Hydrogen Isotopes get converted into Helium giving enormous energy – use videos to show Sun’s

Surface – explaining the source of EM waves

* Show the devastation created by Atomic bombing on Hiroshima & Nagasaki and explain what gives out

that much of radiation

* Explain how Nuclear reactors (Power Plants) use Nuclear Fissions and can produce many Mega Watts

of power

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT: 1 Questions (Past Paper) on calculation of Z, A; Isotopes and Isobars

E.3

RADIOACTIVITY - 1

* Explain how some nuclei become unstable –Radioactive decay –Radioactive elements

TIPS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING: * Study -Henry Becquerel and his accidental discovery of Uranium

* Discovery of Radium by Madam Marie Curie- coining the word “radiation” and her sad death caused by

long-time exposure to radiation

* Source of Radiation –Background Radiation; Natural and Artificial Sources of Radiation

* Explain what is contamination and Irradiation

* Detection of Radiation –using Photographic Plates and Geiger Muller Tube – finding Counts/sec

* Use videos or pictures to show how does a simple GM tube looks like and how it can be used to detect

radiation in mines and near radioactive source

* Explain the types of Radioactive decay – Alpha, Beta and Gamma decays ;explain what conditions

Make nucleus undergo Alpha decay or Beta decay – Change in the Atomic No. and Mass No. in

Alpha, beta and Gamma decay – Equations that show these decay processes

01

E.4

RADIOACTIVITY - 2

* Explain differences in properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma particles – tabulate and compare mass,

charge, speed, penetration ability (in different materials like skin, paper, metal, concrete, etc.), ionising

power, behaviour in electric field and magnetic field – using Fleming’s Left Hand Rule to understand

how alpha and beta particles in a magnetic field

* Explain the randomness of a decay –how random atoms decay

* Explain Half-life- definition, questions & calculations, Decay-curves; Introduce the unit ‘Becquerel(Bq)’

*Applications of Radioisotopes and Radiation: In Medical diagnosis –radiotherapy; In quality check-up in

various industries – Food Irradiation, Sterilisation, Thickness Measurement, Fault detection;

* Explain Radio-active tracing, Radio-carbon dating- how the age of fossils are found?

TIPS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING: Go through pictures/ videos about applications of radioactivity

01

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT: 2 Questions (Past Paper) on properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma;

And calculation of Half-life

REVISION OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE, ISOTOPES/ISOBARS AND RADIOACTIVITY 01

CAMBRIDGE IGCSE PHYSICS (0625) COURSE PLAN PREFACE

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