CAM B RI DG E FI RST CE RTI FICATE

WritingNEW EDITION

Richard MacAndrew

Cathy Lawday

UNIVERSITY PRESS

ContentsMap of the book

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Foundation unit

1 A funny thing happened

2 On the road

3 Learn a language

4 A tall, dark, handsome stranger

5 Through the grapevine

6 Being green

7 Work to live!

8 Bestsellers

9 Family life

10 Shop till you drop!

11 Jobhunting

72 Getaway

13 Crime doesn't pay

14 Customer relations

15 Food for thought

L6 Literary figures

77 Stay healthy!

18 Sport for all!

Review unit

IV

vi

1

l-)

9

15

20

27

JJ

37

45

52

57

62

66

72

77

82

8B

94

99

103

71,1

ilt

Map of the bookTopic Plartnittg lnrPruuing

Foundation unit Vhat are your eripectations?

1 A funny thing happenedanecdotes ordering events checking and polishing

'florv diagram'

2 Onthe road;;i listing questions (letter layout) self-assessmenr I

3 Learn a languagelanguage learning 'brainstorming' organising ,vour work

4 A tall, dark, handsome stranger

5 Through the grapevinemedia listing advantages and what lve rvrite

d isad va ntage.

6 Being green

7 Work to live!work deciding priorities clear handr.vriting

I Bestsellershooks , ielecting,ielevant iiiformation , using resource$

1O Shop till you drop!

11 Jobhuntingjobs listing questions planning irr the exarr

,2 Getawayholidays

' ,sing a 'spidergraph' checking and polishing in rhe exsm

13 Crime doesn't paycrlme opcnrng sentences $'liting the correct number of

u ords

14 Gustomer relations

I Family lifefarnily

l5 Food for thoughtfood

16"'filetaly figures, ' gifts and books ,',

17 Stay healthy!health

fS Sp- 1 *ot atf,l,r r:,rspoitiandleisure

Review unit

using 'headlights'

'brainstorrnin g'

deciding priorities

learning useful explessions

r.r.r;Lrrrging time in the exarn

reading and answering the question

Lrsinq l.orr. ,,,, ;...1.'gr,:icS cl-recking in the exam

revie*' oi planling techniques the future ' .,.,

H,,,, :r-.:-:r : -. rrr t\\\ .rL.out the exam?H - .,- -. -rr--.rircr rl.out planring?

Map of the book

Exam question Skl/ls 1 Skills 2

narrative: short storv past tenses time linking words

formal letter: requestinginfornrarion lPart I Ta.k1

letter-rvriting rules makir-rg requests

formal letter: recommending(Part I Task)

discussion essay

discussion essav

formal letter: application recognising topic and illustlativesenten ces

rnaking applicatiorrs

paragraphrng talking ahout adr antages anddisadvant

selecting relevant informati or-r interpreting abbreviations

opening and closing paragrirphs recognising ho'nv a text linkstogether

narrative: short storv

discussion essav

using direct speech in narrirtives making youl rvriting moreinteresting

giving and justifl,ing opinions reportlnE! oplnlons

u.riting a palagraph INVEISION

Hor.v much do yor-r remember about the Exam Tips? Hor,v prepared are 1,ou?Hrtu. ttond rrc rr^rr .t -nlichi-o r.nrrr rrrrtrL')

lntroductionWho is this book for?This book provides writing practice for students preparing for the writing paper (Paper 2 -lYriting) of the Cambridge FCE exam. It may also be used as a general writing skills courseat this level. It aims to provide both skills development and exam training; to cover a widevariety of topics and functions; to draw students' attention to the 'process' of writingthrough the stages of planning, writing and improving; to give interesting, motivating tasks.

How is the book organised?The book is organised into eighteen units. Each unit focuses on a particular type of FirstCertificate question and concentrates on the language and writing skills students will need toanswer that task.

How is each unit organised?Each unit starts with a preview section introducing the topic dealt with in the unit.

This is followed by a planning section which introduces students to one of a variety ofplanning techniques which they are encouraged to experiment with throughout the course.

Two skills development sections follow, providing practice in language and writing skillsthat students will find useful in performing the writing task.

A further planning section gives students the opportunity to put into practice the techniquelearnt earlier in the unit. This second section can be done in class or, if time is short, forhomework along with the exam task.

An exam-type question, for use either in class or as homework, provides realistic FirstCertificate practice.

The unit is completed with an improving your work section to be tackled after the writingtask is finished. This section encourages students to revise and polish their work. It alsogives practical learner training ideas and activities both to help students prepare specificallyfor the exam and to enable them to develop their writing and general language learningskills.

How should the material be used?The course may be used in strict unit sequence. Alternatively teachers may wish to developeach exam question type in sequence.

Each unit provides about an hour's pre-task work. There is scope for flexibility, however,and the Teacher's Book suggests ways of extending or reducing the time needed. The exam-type task can be done either in class or for homework. Timed practices of 45 minuteswill be necessary towards the exam. The improving section should be done in a follow-uplesson and will take 15-20 minutes depending on the task and how it develops.

lntroduction

What special features are there?

' The book begins with a Foundation unit which is designed to increase students'awareness of key aspects of writing.

' Each unit begins with a mini-syllabus to show students exactly which type of exam taskand which skills are covered in the unit.

o Each unit contains Exam Tips which summarise key points to remember for the exam.Some units also contain Study Tips which give useful advice on how to improve yourwriting generally.

' The detailed Teacher's Book provides practical suggestions, ideas for further activities,and guidelines on timing.

. The book finishes with a Review unit which brings together as much essenrialinformation as possible for a final revision session.

Fosssxda*p*sx assxg€'

What are your expectations?

What do you expect to learn from a writing skills course? Read and discuss these commentsfrom students.

I would like to learn the kind ofvocabulary necessary in each

case, for example, in a complainingletter, in a report, in a story, etc.

I want to pass the FirstCertificate, so I need to

practise the kinds ofwriting for that.

Which points are important to you?

Foundation unit

What sorts of writing does the First Certificate exam

For Paper 2 of the First Certificate exam you have to do:

require?

two tasks

of 120-180 words

in one and a half hours.

The paper is in two parts:

Part 1 - This is a compulsory question. You will have some information to read. You willthen have to use this information to write a letter. Your letter will ask for something to bedone (e.g. asking for information, making a complaint), or it will be a response to a request(e.g. you may have to give information).

Pat2 - You can choose one of four questions which will offer a variety of different types ofwriting.

You should be able to produce different forms of writing, and may also choose to writeabout one of the set books:

letters (both formal and informal)an article -) for a magazine or newspaper

a report -+ giving facts and suggestions

compositions: narrative -+ telling a story

descriptive -+ describing a person or place

discussion essay -+ putting forward an idea or argument

In this book you will practise the skills you need for both Part 1 and Part 2 of the exam. Themini-syllabus at the beginning of each unit tells you which part of the exam the skills in theunit are important for:

- some skills are especially useful for Part 1 (e.g. combining information)

- some skills are especially useful for particular questions in Part 2 (e.g. the language andstyle of reports)

- some skills are general writing and language skills that are important for all types ofwriting (e.g. punctuating correctly, ordering adjectives).

+

Foundation unit

Look at the extracts below and decide which form of writing they are. Some extracts mayhave more than one possible answer.

informal letter formal letterdiscussion essay article

narratlYereport description

l)hu. Lre- hd/ lonu

alo,k tlvee- or fiur .;les, Otu atq;tus,'td,/,e,r).j otGJtr;L Lo makQ.. s*ar..1u flo,ses. Eveatod,il iLs671ed--90'1tel,\ T lo&.ed y"no ptu(,yryu /U*r*to rr,ye[, 'ok nit. No pletr,ltt'

2 3t G * fh .6.^ .-*!+* Ad

t" \,, ft € 9,^n

ar*.- .r.o.^tl L-r*AU ?"d t. St @

e..* (p* "^i *,* J. Lr* q* -L-"o.

We- vwvz lwo fockalts a^d abotr,troor.,t r ?stai/t avd a.vj+xttoLl,a d^rutag-roc,v\ a^d a lv,vtg foow Mg {avo*r,k (oott ts l,,t_p-

ktrcka.n; + tt a l*g",avg fo6vn, a,i a bear*iful vtp.ta overOu-r gardtn.

+ Cla*,rtwrra

1\* dpymowus ue d.akt)W 0^4d ,^re)L-+r4rut+\ed Ea& lqa,s a"aftv,ttlooud, on owrlatA flTJrlfrnr 0",,J" dlzt W

' 4 ll,d. 'lr, * ffi,n'M4; a, A o\ nc,Bf,!,u-) *Lr^!*, *Lr^ rt't X* o J*t

!*'& "* ude( n*1D.3

o-vel.

dL'. ttL ;lk d*+t

On<- e4vc^t-15e o[ ,* l> o.\onq L tU^f Io* nrn/(r \o.r.*rgqMe-*.t:c ove^- "5\s "(-se,s +\e ,--.r aSh*.3

T A..rst\e_ U t+-.A,.

5^ Qah o-Qt-o^5S ao&.{^ rJ\.,g b,^ r-r"^..t {vr TV.

Foundation unit

7 tu1u4 lvtqn aan l @ wJ irytueztd h q* -rtuu Walu 1a4//nt\d n6vt[ h fi.arte\ 4ry wntd y*il .,u +fTEr @

The ual nar.Soafaadu,

What does the First Gertificate exam expect?

Which do you think are the most important factors when writing? Pick the four mostimportant from the list below and compare your answer with your partner's.

spelling correctlyusing correct grammaranswering the question fullyusing the right register/formalityusing correct punctuationwriting the correct number of wordsorganising your answer clearlywriting legiblyhaving a positive effect on the readerusing a wide range of vocabularynot leaving out any important pointsusing the correct layout/format

How do 'good'writers write?

1 You have offered to write an article for an English language rnagazine in your country.Look at the nine stages below which show the process of planning and writing. Work inpairs and number the stages to show how you think the writing process works.

making a rough outline or planidentifying the target readerrevising and redrafting the articlehaving an idea you want to write aboutwriting out a neat copy ready for publishingmaking notes on the topicgetting your ideas togetherwriting a first draftchecking the reader will be interested

Foundation unit

2 Which of these pieces of writing would you plan very carefully and which would you planless carefully? Mark them C for carefully planned, P for planned or U for unplanned.

birthday card to a friendletter to your American penfriendpostcard to your familyshort storynote to a close friendIetter applying for a job in Australianotes for a speech at a weddingEnglish exam composition: 'Things I like to do'letter of complaint to a mail order companynote to pin to your door while you go outlove letter

3 How would you change the order of the stages in exercise 1 above to show how thewriting process works for an exam composition?

Remember - very little writing is totally unplanned.Even on a simple birthday card to a friend we mayspend some time thinking of something amusing,revising our ideas a few times before finally puttingpen to paper.

How can I evaluate and improve my work?

Do you agree or disagree with the statementsyour answers with other people in the class.

below? Work on your own first, then compare

1

It's useful to work inpairs, discussing and

correcting each other'smistakes.

The teacher should show mewhere I have made a mistake.

but allow me to correct theanswer myself.

o It's helpful to see differentanswers to a question - to decidewhich is best and try to say why.

You must not make any mistakes.Correct English is essential.

Foundation unit

One way of helping to learn to correct your own work is to use a correction code. Look atthe code below and fill in the gaps.

Correction code

Symbol Meaning V/rong Right

Sp

P

T

N

F

\ro

\xnx/

G

A

)

N/A

?

spelling

punctuation/capitals

verb/tense

number

form

word order

tabel

i speak english

He come yesterday.

She watch TV.

This book is bored.

I like very much eggs.

Today it's shiny.

He doesn't listened.

He's at the work.

He tall.

It's the his book.

Dear Sir/Madam,

Send me information

Today it's sunny

He's at work.

grammar

omlssron

word too many

paragraphing

not appropriate

wrong register

don't understand

not quite right

good

Unit ff A funny thing happened

Plawning tcelmique : ordering events;'fl o.rv diagram'

Langnage sAil/s; past tenses (Pans 1 6c2)tinre linking words (Parts 1 & 2)

fuarflqaesfiot: narrative: short story Pan2lImpmuing: checking and polishirrg

Preview

Work in pairs. Choose one of the subjects belc.rw and tell vour partner about it.

Planning 1

Read this letter and do the activities below it.

Der.r {o,uW for qoor loku v Chnsfu'*s ordll wN ji* lo hax fro^ jo,t.Somo.

^ur,loos N\or A^IS, VJa had a

is whaf happuo/.. VJo, had .ttsl spul tktawa had bau uhng a bwnboo h'k on l4.r0,

ad lo ba buk ia n'i*nila 6J Chns(N\^s so

ll was a \pial lropical N\or ity) ho( v hor id. VJa ,'taltrud alo,tj tha baach lo rn,.d,

Rgu, -tho had oqalsol fira llic1rt, v tha ot

ugbo$ v l4,u "'ta loott- fho s-all boa

Whon wo arn'loj thw v')0. vJtr.o. hk-ot loAftar a shorl (rma (ha pilo( a"n'tol. VJa

'rla soon aftu".tark u'to, loott- off. Al firs{' I

airvaft. liovlNu, aftu ",ta

had htua off I

ao, fla"'t o,tar so,*o. of l\0, r'osl spot/:ac^tloe

frna\, a( abo,* L2 o'do(k ,,tu bgaa lo pilol waslalki,t3 on lha mdio lo l4^a cnnlrol lowu ,,,trn fuu.tarkfu- **U. S.rldl.^b, l.o anaoulrud +1^a( +Le, d fu o

panr/ruille,-b* ++'nn aasiV oru- llo,,.tlrltr., aofl^i13 lunblu surno{ lo happon v tho, plolha maalr( {ho, mdio lransrsisSion ? a&

ft.w minulas lalar. I rv,osl a*nil [^'*::; i!*1,^1)' '*n,^s' totu,

fuq Robin

Unit 1 A funny thing happened

Work in pairs. Which four paragraphs in the letter tell the story?

Put the sentences below in the correct order to match the story, then write them in theboxes to give yourself a complete diagram. This is called a'flow diagram'.

The pilot arrived.

'We met the other passengers.

The transmission failed.

The plane took off.

We had been staying on Boracay.

We went to the airstrip.

\7e booked a flight.

\We landed at Manila.

The pilot spoke on the radio.

1

2

10

#rif ? A funny thing happened

A 'flow diagram' is a useful way of planningi" a narrative composition or any other piece:' of writing which describes a sequence of

events. Note down random ideas andii arrange them in order before beginning toi write.f,

tinuIi:i!:i:!!ll!i!!!)-4ii!d!:!l!:!l-):,lli3,Nr1?;';.iir;,,1;'';!j;1r1$!r:jr.r9r11rr1;:f,.r.t?!t!t:

3 Now match the headings on the right to the paragraphs in the story on pages 9 and 10.

first events

final events and outcome

background

later events

Past tenses

1 Look at this table. Fill in the Use column from the explanations on page 12. Fill in theExamples column with examples from the text in Planning 1.

Para 1

Para 2

Para 3

Para 4

Remember this paragraph order when you want toplan a narrative composition or any story.

You can even do this with very short stories, e.g.I was wa[king along the street on my way to work(background) when a dog ran in front of me lfirsteuentsl.I was watching the dog (later euentsl andstepped into a huge puddle (final euents andoutcome).

Tense Use Examples

Past simple

Past continuous

Past perfect

Past perfect continuous

11

U*i{ 7 A funny thing happened

a) '$7e use this form to emphasise the duration of an action/state in the past.

b) If we are akeady talking about the past, we use this form to refer to an earlier pasttime.

c) We use this form to emphasise the duration of actions/states which occurredcontinuously up to the past moment we are thinking about.

d) \(e use this form to talk about an action/state ata particular time in the past.

2 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct past tense in the text below.

My most frightening experience

in the morning and ... . ...

(be) once when we(walk) in Scotland. We ......, . ... . , (start) out at six o'clock

(go) for three hours when suddenly the fog

(come) down, A few moments earlier we(be able) to see the top of the mountain and the vrllage where we(spend) the night. Now we . ....,- .- (can) only just see a tree twenty metres away.

We ,. . (stop) to get out the map and compass and .. , , ,. .,..,.. ,,,,,, . ... (make) an

awful discovery. | ...... (leave) the compass on the table in our hotel room.

Time linking words

1 Find all the time linking words and phrases in the text in Planning 1 and list them below.

'Cross? I'm absoluteLy furious.

12

Unit 7 A funny thing happened

2 Cross out the words or phrases which could not be used in the following sentences. Theremay be more than one correct possibility.

About three years ago I had a job as a sales representative. I travelled all over the country

visiting different shops. One day (i ) | was driving along some deserted country

roads, my car (2) started making a strange noise (3) | thought it was

the engine; butthenquite soon afterwardswhen

(4) it started to bump along the road and I realised I

I stopped to change the wheel The jack was old and didn't work very well, but

(5) I managed to get the wheel offA few minutes laterOuite soon afterwardsAfter

I was putting the spare tyre on, another car stopped behind me. The driver got out, with his

own jack, came over and started lifting up the other side of my car. (8) he had

got tt about 3O cm off the ground, I went round and asked him what he was doing. 'You take

those two wheels and l'll take these two,' he said He

WhenAt first

had a flat tyre

AfterWhenAfterwards

discovered it was my carl

Compare your answers with a partner.

13

Unit 1 A funny thing happened

Planning 2

Look at these pictures. Work in pairs to make up a story which involves all the items drawnbelow. Organise the main events in a'flow diagram'.

Exam question (narrative)

Your school is holding a short-story competition. The first prize is three English videos ofyour choice. Write your entry for the competition in 120-180 words. Your story must begin:

lWhen I woke up that morning, I knew something was going to happen.

Use the plan from Planning 2.

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your story with a partner. Go through each other's work, checking for mistakes.Look particularly at the use of past tenses and time linking words. When your story is as

good as you can make it, write out a neat copy and give it to your teacher to mark. Keepboth the draft copy and the neat copy together in your file.

SruDY TIP T

You will not have time to write out a neat copy inthe exam, but it is useful to do it now so you havesomething to look back at and revise from later.

14

Unit X On the road

Planrtng tcc.lniqw:Inngtage srtills;

Exen Qaesllon:Itrprutittg:

Preview

lisring questions (letcr layout)giving advice (Paas t & 2lpunctuating corrcctl-v (Parts 1 & 2)

informal letter: giving advice (Pan 2)

self-assessmenr 1

Ar e v o u,' f:,?-!.:::J*l'JJ1,,,""s e,ow

Choose :r, b or c for caeh-or t::"T;':;;;r; good traveller or not'

ii.,." ,ai uP )our " '',:;",T,;: ,':,:,t,";,i:;",r.moner,

s. iVlrr, ,l't 1'ou do lirsti

J[rassy.

t y,ur t'tight ts,ta 'lllliiJ f.'";.,.a Wait irr the ;t rntend r. do'

b (io ro rhc lrrr Chcck inttt a

'l adies anC getttlctten please ilotitt pantc ""

1 You dre in a cafi a.broad' Som'eonc i'i:: you to try

' ;ii*,i,oeciali'tv dish' what do vort do:

15

llnit 3 On the road

Planning 1

Work in pairs. Imagine you are going to travel through Africa together on holiday. A friendof yours is an expert on Africa. Write down the questions that you would like to ask him orher before you go.

Think about topics such as health, climate, bureaucracy, etc.

Giving advice1 Put the prompts into the correct

Whydon'tyou...?You'dbetter...You really should . . .

You ought to . . .

column in the box below.

If I were you, I'd . . .

It might be a good idea to .

Whynot...?

Swggestions Strong aduice

2 What advice do you think your friend gave you in answer to your questions in Planning 1above? Make sentences from the prompts above and the pictures below.

M

16

Think about what your readerwants to know. Making a list ofquestions is often a useful way ofcollecting ideas before you start anywriting task.

t,tnit 2 On the road

Punctuating correctly

1 Complete the table below by putting in the correct name for each feature of puncuation,and then using a coloured pen, correctly punctuate the sentences on the right.

Feature Name IJse Example

ABCto start sentences we need a visa to go there.

for names tunisia and algeria

with'I' Tomorrow i leave for Egypt.

to end sentences Travelling by train is cheap

to separateitems in a

list (but notbefore'and')

cholera malaria polio andtyphoid

to addinformation

You must see the River Nilewhich flows through Egypt.

to start a

listTake a mixture of currencyd sterling, French francsand US dollars.

to add anexplanation

Avoid drinking unboiledwater it is a major sourceof disease.

to separateitems in listsof phrases

So remember what you need:lots of money the rightvaccinations the right visas.

to showlettersIeft out

Youll need a vaccinationcertificate.

to indicatepossession

The travellers main problemis time.

1l

€jtzir Z On the road

2 Now rewrite the passage below putting in the correct punctuation.

you should take clothes for hot and cold climates the desert even though its in africa getsvery cold at night in addition dont forget the small essentials water purifying tablets a needleand cotton a pair of sunglasses and one or two good books i also take a penknife a sleepingbag and a stove

Planning 2

Work in pairs. A penfriend from another country is coming to stay with you. Make a list ofthe questions you think they will want to ask before they arrive.

Look at the layout of the informal letters below. Are the following statements trwe or false?

#rW

ffia"*[lf

1 You must not divide the letter into paragraphs.2 You begin 'Dear . . .' and use the forename of the person you are writing to.3 You need not put the date.4 You must put the full address and postcode.5 You can finish 'Best wishes' or 'Yours'.6 You sign the letter with your full name.

18

Unit 7 On the road

Exam question (informal letter)

A penfriend from Canada is coming to stay with you for three weeks. Write a letter to themgiving advice about any arrangements they need to make before they come, and what theyneed to bring with them. Do not write any addresses. (120-180 words)

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your letter with a partner. Go through each other's work. Check for mistakes -look particularly at the expressions of advice and the punctuation. Has your partner left outany good advice? Have they got any good advice that you missed? When your letter is as

good as possible, write out a neat copy. Keep both the draft copy and the neat copy togetherin your file.

Se/f-assessment 1

Look back at the mistakes you have made in your last three compositions. How do you feel

about the standard of your writing? Add to the list given in the table below and tick theappropriate boxes.

Good Okay Poor

Organisation of ideas

Spelling

Tenses

Grammar

Punctuation

Vocabulary

C)thers

Which areas need extra work? Your teacher will suggest ways you can improve yourweakest areas.

Work out which mistakes you make mostoften and concentrate on getting rid ofthem. Draw up a chart of what you need toimprove, and how you could practise.Cross items off when you feel you haveimproved them.

ii-II

E

tT

iiiluIIlr

I

II

i,,t

SPELL/NQ;7-6;Nr5f$-

TJNCTUAT IO N

19

UnitS Learnalanguage

Preview / Planning 1

'Brainstorming'

Wgrk in pairs. You are going to spend four weeks in the summ er at alanguage school inEdinburgh in scotland. write down as many ideas, words and phras., ,, "yo.r".* i" L"chcolumn below. Do not write senten.., - roi", are okay. Do noi worry about any mistakes.concentrate on getting as many ideas as possible. you have five minutes

'V/bat you want to knowabout Edinbwrgh

What you want to knowabout the school

\Yhat yow will take witb you

Compare your ideas with another pair.

{Jrcff ,3 Learn a language

Letter-writing rulesLaying out a letter

ttalsintrl

s/zlll

fuor fv1oro!, tula4 ortt- qo* dua,a11"o*,1o*.up , srlit i,n, EX,'nAurgt.-

?;"'ff^ :Li 'a-'iu 6L'241,L

d'akes tt'ak'ru;k mc' 'bol I lst to 240" J'4'

Itoa is tl"at for go* ' Cldhes to .lng l I

,r^*^lt'l^J**5-'#"i,o 'o"d i* (,'"r's'i'-rr -,Jc t1"eru is to &

O*H- a-r.., Ltorvlc/ .Iun. Arnu,jf in .fc&lur/-l

outs;/.e. Eay't'tX.

=t . uo ^os|

ol ;t.T'w- nuter fur, hpru * b;E ab* tlto-

& ,Y* (l"nk J' (tw bnchoru IoL ,t!l-1,rolr".rcLots flnrru 1 rea(tl oaprcc;okc t (aouu 6t 6dttn.i. M ha. ,- d;i b' aw;L.qow cohld fi'"d" owt uth

J'* ';til";t-.r; qd,^. (^'2 uta;t titt{o!J'

Eerol' uc;,rf''os

['lllarjo'' L;;sa-

UPPlandsgatan 2 II214 70 MalmdSweden

The PrinciPalThe Scottish Language Lentre 3rd February 1999

Princes St

Edinburgh

Dear Sir or Madam

I am thinking of coming to Edinburgh next July for one

month to leam English'

Please could you send me details of your classes' any special

."*... y", ;ff"r and how much you charge?

I would also be gratefui if you- could :"1d t":,tlf::.T"'on

il;;;;;,oiation Does the centre have lts own

accommodation servrce or will I have to find somewhere to

staY mYself?

Finallv I would appreciate it if you could let me have details

;ffii;ui-,i.itii'ra u" able to take at this time'

I look forward to hearing from You'

Yours faithfullY,

Eva,?*sbn*Eva Petersson (Ms)

UnitS Learn alanguage

Work in pairs. Look at the letters on page 21. Which is formal and which informal? Studythe layout of the letters and tick the correct column(s) in the table below. The first one hasbeen done for you.

In Part 1 you have to write a letter.Remember letter-writing rules. They arenot particularly difficult. If you knowthem well, you can guarantee to get themright in the exam.

lnformalletters

Formalletters

Neither

You usually begin Dear . r' r'You put your name in the topright-hand corner.

You put your address in thetop right-hand corner.

You need not put your full address.

You should put the dateunder your address.

You write the name and addressof the person you are writingto in the top left-hand corner.

You do not put paragraphs.

You can finish Yours sincerely /Yours faithfully.

You always use the first nameof the person you are writing to.

You can sign your full name.

You can finish Best wishes / Love from.

You should put your name underyour signature.

You can use contractions (e.g. I'd, I'll).

22

UwitS Learn a language

Starting and finishing a letter

Fill in the table with words and phrases from the boxes below:

Starting Finishing

Intimate

Family

Friendly

Formal I

Formal II Da.ar 5r or fl/u,da,,\

-+

-+ hta fro^-)J

--)

Do.ae Alta

Dotr ],ii.a (t^Done ,5{or (Wdrn,..

Da/igDoar Mre hopu

You,s f^,fl^frtlylils of lo'ta and kisscs

Lo'1u{ro^

Yotrre sinc,oro!

Eosf wishos

Making requests

1 Look at the two letters in Planning 1 and write the expressions used to make requests inthe table below.

Friendly Polite Formal

Compare your answer with a partner and together add any other ways you know ofmaking requests.

How do you decide whether to use a friendly, a polite or a formal request?2

23

Unif S Learnalanguage

3 Work in pairs or small groups. How would you write these requests to (a) your bestfriend and (b) an elderly relative you don,t know very well?

- Yo, are going on holiday for three weeks and you write asking if they will visit yourflat a couple of times a week to feed your goldfish.

- You write asking if you can call round nexl weekend to collect a book they offered tolend you.

- You write asking if they could send you rhe address of a mutual friend.- Your car has been totally destroyed in an accident and you write asking to borrow

enough money to buy a new car.- You write asking if they will guarantee a bank loan for you.

Planning 2

Look at the ex-am question below. Write down as many ideas and useful words and phrasesas you can in five minutes. Do not worry about the accuracy of what you write.

When you have done that, compare what you have written with a partner. Add any goodideas of theirs and give them any good ideas of yours.

Then organise your ideas into a sensible plan for the letter.

'Do you know anotber word for tbesaunts?'

Exam question (formal letter)

You want to spend three months studying in the United States. You would like ro improveyour English and also study another subject in English.

Read the advertisement and the notes carefully. Then write a letter (120-180 words) toSouth Maine College asking for the information you have noted. You may ask for otherinformation too. Do not write any addresses.

hor-trs pu "Juk?Amurr.n llislog?

lud ol Elglish noussorjT

sla* dalw?

how much?

SOUTH MAINE COLLEGT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS

KENNEBUNKPORT, ME

Languages .English . French. Spanish

Arts . Politics . Sociology . Economics . (others on request)t**

3 wk. 6 wk and 12 wk courses

9p, ol aua^ odahoa?

#ms*S Learn a language

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your answer with a partner. Go through each other's work. Check for mistakes -look particularly at the layout of the letter and the language used to make requests. Whenyour composition is as good as possible, write out a neat copy. Keep your original plan, thedraft copy and the neat copy together in your file.

Organising your work

Answer the following questions (honestly!):

1 Do you keep the written work you have done? Yes/No

lf vour answe,t,'ru.i pli-r,.q: ror.th-o^{lll:tn :tlll"iiffi ;ffi;i i' 'vtt:"'r'tn ihink about these questr.ns:

ll B: [: [1T

..,|

[ il.;';::[lflll;it' the topic vou wrote about' the mark vou got

for it' etc ? -^ ^L narac "nrl nlans vou used together with the final version?

.t Oo Vou keep the rouoh notes and plans yr

d) Do you look at ntffit 'itl'kes and the corrections?

;i D; y., ever look at anY of it?

2 Do you collect examples ol English *i',linn' Yes/No

' ;;;;;;^'wer is'No" then think about rt!

ii ffi; ilil;''t'vtt1'-tr'tn think aboutthese questions:

a) Do you keep examples of different types of writing: f ormal letters' informal

r, ;ln iJI'li,l'itXfi,'.',lil]" "'0"':::do'o' raberthem' write notes in the

margin, gi" u'ntiution'' ti n'* *o'ot' 'nltttine particutar phrases' words or

stru cture s?

.t Oo Vou ever look at anY of them?

25

Lhit3 Leatnalanguage

S'ork in pairs and discuss n-hich of the ideas given in the questionnaire you think could beuseful to You.

Which of the suggestions would help you to:

- learn from your mistakes- remember more vocabulary- learn useful phrases

- write more correctly- revise more easily

Decide now which ones you are going to try.

Get into the habit of organising your work.This will help you write better, improvefaster and remember more easily what youhave learnt.

26

Unit 4 A tall, dark, handsome stranger

uslng a lspidergraph'

adiectiqes for desqubing.pnople (?ans 1 & 2)ordering adiectives (Farts 1 & 2)

description: person (Part 2)

adding intere$t and per.sonalisatien

Preview

Work in pairs. Look at the people in the photos below and discuss them. Can you guesstheir ages, nationalities, and jobs? What sort of people do you think they are? Decide ontheir characters, their likes and dislikes, and their hobbies.

7#

When you have decided, compare your answers with another pair.

2l

Unit 4 A tall, dark, handsome stranger

Planning 1

The diagram below is sometimes called a 'spidergraph' or 'mind map'. It helps you to planout your ideas before you start to write.

In pairs, complete the diagram using the words in the box underneath it.

personal details food musicphysical appearance character

clothes job sexnationality good points

colourstyle

sizenose

A 'spidergraph' or 'mind map' is a useful wayof grouping information. It also helps to planparagraphs.

28

&jaaif 4 A tall, dark, handsome stranger

Adjectives for describing people

1 The words below can all be used to describe people. Work in pairs and put the words intothree or more groups. Each pair should decide for themselves how to g.oup the words.

friendly slim stubborn dark plump short independenthandsome tall shy scruffy smart fair attraciv; curlyhonest wavy thin blond generous

Compare your grouping with that of other pairs.

2 Whlch (if any) of the words in the lists could be used in a negative or critical way whendescribing a person?

3 Using the box below, make sentences about the people in the Preview exercise. Then makeup some more sentences of your own.

Helooks like

as if

a film starattractivehe's had a bad dayshe's friendlyhonesta boxer

She

d; ; ; ;;; ;;;,i; ;,;;iii,* n

Ordering adjectives

If there is more than one adjective in front of a noun, it is important to get them in the rightorder. The order depends on the type of adjective.

1 First match each type of adjective to its example:

Typ"

colourmaterial

size

opinionage

originshape

Example

wonderfullarge

old

roundItalian

wooden

blue

29

l}t'tf{ 4 A tal!, dark, handsome stranger

2 Now look at the phrases below, work out the order for different types of adjectives inEnglish and complete the table.

- a beautiful Chinese silk blouse

- a small red Italian shirt- a horrible wide yellow tie- a large old black hat

- a round pink face

- a large square cotton handkerchief

Order oI adjectiues

5

6

3................. 7....,..........,,,.....

4 shoDl,"""" "'1""""""

3 Now rewrite the phrases below putting the adiectives in the correct order.

a) a(n) blue/stylish/Armani jacketb) a leather/fashionable/short skirtc) brown/attractive/short haird) a(n) redluglyllarge nosee) small/leather/black shoesf) blue/large/roundeyes

IfL_t LlTtrNTUtrDtrtrtrLtrntrnno

30

pr&OcweS

Unif 4 A tall, dark, handsome stranger

Planning 2

Draw a 'spidergraph' for someone you know well - a good friend or a member of yourfamily. Fill in as much detail as possible.

When you have finished, compare your work with that of other people in your class.

Exam question (description)

One of your friends is going to Australia. Your Australian penfriend has invited them to stayfor a few days. Write a letter to your penfriend accepting the invitation and giving adescription of your friend. Do not write any addresses. (120-180 words)

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your description with a partner. Go through each other's work. Check formistakes. Look at the use and order of adjectives. Can you improve your partner's or yourown description? When your description is as good as possible, write out a teat copy. Keepyour 'spidergraph' plan, your draft copy and your neat copy together in your file.

Adding i nterest and personalisation

1 Work in pairs. Look at the exam question below. Which of the following extracts from theexam answers is better? Why?

Write a letter to your English-speaking penfriend, describing yourself. Tell your penfriendabout your family, job, hobbies, etc.

witfi hir .

z llve Wt one siEler. )V',du ddef than vvlo^

*he, ts c^ vtvtv* , SVda -FAtt and slCrn,5ne's Etr- rt'*e brwr't herr. WZ qo ot* toW+W(to lol5" o( differq,fi place5. Ne Vv,ve c^ ,liruttwe" )owetivneb we- $o or^ lnolid.o.4 fie+her.

31

Ljnif 4 A tall, dark, handsome stranger

Which of the following make the extract interesting?

- It uses longer words.- It uses a wider variety of adjectives.

- It has longer sentences.

- It gives details.

- It gives general information.- It is more personal - tells you what the writer thinks.- It is longer.

2 Rewrite this passage in a more interesting way.

[l,Jt^AlVw Wlrw y.,{livrrA qrrn &h,A,{S',

Try to make your answer as interestingas possible. Use a wide variety ofadjectives and try to link your ideastogether in longer sentences. Give detailswhere you can rather than just vagueinformation. Add your opinion - thismakes the text more personal andautomatically more inreresting.

SA)

32

Unit 5 Through the grapevine

Preview

Find someone in your class who, in their

- reads a newspaper every day

- doesn't have a television in their home

- never listens to the radio

- thinks they watch too much television

- has had their picture in a newspaper

own countrv:

-FFTTE,E!((...ffirsr!r..@{as.!!.

Planning 1

Work in pairs. Make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of pocket televisions.

Aduantages Disaduantages

This technique is very useful for planningdiscussion essays. It is especially useful if youh*rretordiscuss two sidis of an argp4eug.

'>a

l-lrlft $ Through the grapevine

Paragraphing

'An increase in the number of pocket televisions will not benefit society.'\ff/hat do you think?

Work in pairs. Look at the answer to this question below. The paragraphs have been mixedup. Read the four paragraphs and put them in the right order. Write the correct letter in thetable below.

A There are, however, some advantages. The pocket TV is very convenient, We can take itanywhere and never miss an important programme Another good thing is that sportsenthusiasts can watch important events wherever they wish And one further benef it ts the TV

information services These will be available at any ttme

B Twenty years ago Walkmans did not exist Now everyone has them Will the pocket television,

one of the latest inventions, be as popular in 20 years'time?

C ln my opinion the most important factor is its convenience This will benefit society as long as

we do not let it take over our lives,

D One major drawback of the pocket television is the tiny screen lt is so small that it may damagepeople's eyes Another problem is that it is so convenient People may watch one in meetings or

at parties, perhaps even while driving. This is not acceptable and could be dangerous A furtherdisadvantage is that people may watch TV even more than they do now

Letter Heading

['rt rs

I'lt t'lt

[rrrra

lrrt r.r

I

l

+

Now give each paragraph a heading from the box below.

I op,.rror-r ndur,l,rg., irr,rod.r.rion disadvantages

Check your answers with another pair.

This Parsqvaplt ordcl is a good u'rtv of stntcrLu'inga discussion essay. A similar structure can be usedwith the 'opinion' type of discussion essay - see

Unit 9.

The important thing to remember is that thereis a clear beginning and a clear end.

34

Unsf 5 Through the grapevine

Talking about advantages and disadvantages

Look through the composition in Paragraphing on page 34 and write in the box below allthe phrases used to introduce advantages and disadvantages.

Now work in small groups or pairs and use these expressions to talk about the advantagesand disadvantages of the following:

having a telephonehaving a fax machinebeing famousallowing free copying ofaudio and video cassettes

Planning 2

Using the technique practised in Planning 1, listcensorship. Also list ideas for your introduction

the advantages and disadvantages ofand conclusion.

Introduction Aduantages Disaduantages Conclwsion

I advantage

One further

35

Unit 5 Through the grapevine

When you have finished your lists, compare them with one or two other people in yourclass. Add to your list any good ideas that you have missed and give othei people any goodideas that they have missed.

Exam question (discussion essay)

Your class has been discussing the advantages and disadvantages of censorship and yourteacher has asked you to write a composition giving your views on the following staiement:

''We are at the start of the 21st century in a modern world. Censorship is an old-fashionedand unnecessary idea.'

Write your compositiorT in 120-180 words.

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your composition with a partner. Go through each other's work. Check formistakes - look particularly at the paragraphing and the expressions used ro talk aboutadYantages and disadvantages. When your composition is ai good as possible, write out aneat copy. Keep both the draft copy and the neat copy together in your file.

What we write

What do you write? Tick the appropriate boxes in the table below and add as many thingsto the list as you can.

tn your ownlangwage

in Englisb

notes

messages

letters to friends

business letters

letters of complaint

descriptions

formal compositions

narratives (stories)

Which of these are for your own personal use and which are intended to be read bv otherpeople?

What types of writing do you need for the Cambridge

36

First Certificate exam ?

Unit W Being green

Planniag techniq*e:Language skrrrs..

Exam qaestion:

Impruting:

using a questionnaire

avaluating information (Parts 1 U2levaluadng layqor (Part 2)linking wor,_ls for reason and result (Pans f E( 2)

r€port (Part 2)why we write

PreviewRearrange the letters below to form words. Then write the words in the correct column inthe table below.

rpeload ehawl

sag yiierelcttc

seeabttri lasgs

idwn ocla

arillgo ytrse

Sources of power Things tbat can be recycled Endangered animals

eonhricros

eaunclr owrep

perap

luuniamimadapn

oHaue you got anendanger e d sp e cie s exp ort licence ?'

a1

Unlf 6 Being green

Planning 1

Look at the questionnaire. Complete it by adding some sentences of your own. Then fill inyour opinion by ticking the appropriate column. Finally, get together with a partner and fillin his/her opinion.

Use phrases from the box below where appropriate.

Agreeing Disagreeing

Absolutely.

Exactly.

I (quite) agree.

That's exactly what I think.I couldn't agree with you more.

Yes,but...Don'tyouthink...?I'm not sure I quite agree there.

I'm afraid I don't quite agree there.

Animals

Animals should not be usedto test cosmetics,

We should do everythingnecessary to avoid theextinction of any species ofanimal.

You Partner

agree disagree agree disag ree

Pollution

Nuclear power is the'cleanest' form of power.

The nuclear programme mustbe developed further.

Natural Resources

Widespread deforestationmust be stopped.

Food

38

#ruI* 6 Being green

i;lr:r:r,',::,,:,',::,,:i;:':":!i',"i:' ',:ili;i'',1":i t.,':i;:i:t,.i;'" :!i!, iii:tl:::iiillliti;illi:ili;,,,i,r:,:|,,.i.:::l::,,l.;i

',:i,,i:;iilii',tllt,',:,,,iiiii:lil:iii,:.iii!:', , liii'r:i:lii::iiil;;

li. One of the biggest problems,it can be having enough ideas.

of as many ideas as you can' yourself questions about the

with writingTry to thinkby askingtoprc.

fdlrtt-

\^lr\AT Do I, FEEL A9oul ..?

i to r A4RaE

rl wtr4. _ 7/

lii !:i:i I i::!:li:!:i r:il 4i

Evaluating information and layout

Darlingham Council, Darlingham, New South Wales has underspent its budget by $20,000.They are trying to decide what to do with the extra money.

They are considering plans. Different committees have been asked to report on how theythink the money should be spent.

Read the information below and do the exercises on Dases 40 and 41.

i.a DIRLINGII[M COUNCI[ - a-'-'-

TRANSPORT COMMITTEE REPORT -4th November 1999

eullcJr].llauL:ris nr.unt of uaffic inTht last ten v serr fronr 25,()00 to

Darlingham' [rom outside has

5o'soo rh" r anrl considerably more

increaseti fro

ffi".uu,".,,.u::li:'[.i:silS.E:l[li:,i:ff fJ":if SlJlll,i*otown - esPeciallY in the

over the last ten Years'

;"J,H;ifJ*TJ'n":*"running; train servrces

at weekends'

Recrrntntend atltlt't

Siuct'rr'e have not

is th.rt tlre S2(),000

a1.a11 1l'trrk trn olll

vet carried out our promises' our recommend^a!1on

irnderspent on this y"u' ' U'ag"t should be used to

pi.'*tia transPort Program me'

information below and do the exercises on pages 40 and 41.

39

{-lnlf # Being green

-' -' -' - D[RL'INGII[fll C0UNCI[' -' -' -' -

. food for the hungrY

. wells for those without clean water

. skills for the unskilled

. education for the unskilled

. funding for local development initiattves'

-!:i;-'I - r - Df,RLINGHflM C0UNCI[_. _. _._REPORT OF THE ENVIRONi\4ENTAL CONII\IITTEE

The c'nvironlnent is therhe-v u.uuta.ilk;;,,r I

n.rutor conccrn of our age. Many people feel

l*:fl i*iu:":;.:"J,,.i1[1[J;fJ:n*t;;il'::ffi iPlanting trees not onlv Icreares a more pt"ururt 1"-?.,l11store

t]re balance of nature bur also. ou r a p ran i

-a ;,I;: ;1' t, o,i ffiffi}il ili flJ:J,J : [::,P

;;Let's plant a foresrl WeItr wJ.an'.n;JiiJ,' "" can ImproYe the air with it! we can wark in

Evaluate the information in the three possibilities above by deciding which plan is thebest and which is the second best from the different points of view in the left-handcolumn of the table opposite. Put T (Transport), H (Hungerlink) or P (Plant a tree) inone of the right-hand columns according to what you think. For example, if you thinkplanting a tree is the best plan from the point of view of the effect on local pollution,put a P in the Best plan column.

40

Best plan Second best plan

effect on local pollution

effect on loca1 people

eflect on council's political status

easy to carry out

usefulness

efTect on 1ocal environment

benefit to rhe rnost people

long-ternr benefit

popularity with local people

Unit $ Being green

Which plan do you think is the best overall? Which is the worst?

Now compare your answers in pairs and small groups. Give reasons for your choices.

Be critical. Think about the optionscarefully before you choose.

rt,;5!ti!:i!r+iia&r:!;fii!:;:,:*;!.:rl,iiiihii.is:trl;:,;.!ii;i!iiti

2 Look at the layout and presentation of the three reports and answer the questions below:

Which report has the clearest layout? \7hy?Which has the least clear layout?Which report gives the most information?

When you write a report, planthe layout carefully.

41

{Jmif S Being green

Linking words for reason and result

Look at the three reports on pages 39 and 40 again. Underline all the words and phrasesused to show reasons and results (e.g. since, as a result, etc.).

2 Now complete the report from the Budget Committee below using some of the linkingwords you found.

-r- '-'- DIRL,INGIIAM COUNCll., -''-' r-'-

Budget Committee

n-"*r, received :' TransPort Commi tteer" r"'-"

' Charitv Committeeo L'nvironmental Committee

s"aagtr9

I Thc Charin C(1lllnllItt'c tt'f(]l]'llllendr rt'nding',the' moneY to

Hr.r n serr i nk ---i--il;:: ::"r: : I' J "t

i t be nc ri t t

lilliJ iLIl li,1:r,tpirsal does not lrelp local ficolllt- drrtr'

-tlot an apPrt)P'"'''' t"t' ttr spr'rrtl local 1't'ople's nlollc\''

2TheEnvironmentalCommitteervoult'ITil'"tt:fl :i:ti;ff '5it^ppJ,'"a lf we plant a lorest' however' tt r

town. It would, -"' ''"' ''il'

not uenefit the local people very

much and might be unPoPular'

3 rhe rransport Committee has not 1T.*H*'"'#:tfn:?il$f:end the money imProving bus and

re PeoPle r'vou1d use Public

transPort'

Recommendation

-We feel the proposal of the Transport Commi'ttee would benefit the

oeople of ourli'-tgtlur'im'Jtnt t"t'i'o'lment and we 0)

...o*-..,d that the iio'ooiit"tp*s is spent on the public transport

programme'

42

Unit $ Being green

3 Now read through the report of the Budget Committee again and decide whether youagree or disagree. Give reasons.

-E ct\".bo. J"Thk is Mr Trimp from the Town and Country plonning Department. Hels here todemonstrate the proposals jor the old tov)n,,

Planning 2

Read the exam question below. Make a list of questions that the people in your town mightwant to ask about the two projects.

Compare your list with your partner's. Discuss what the answers might be and decide whichproject you think is best.

Exam question (report)

An old and historic building in your town is going to be renovated. The town councilintends to spend a large sum of money turning it into either a leisure centre with sports andrecreational facilities, or supervised accommodation for old people. You have been asked towrite a report for the council, describing the benefits of both projects and saying which youthink is the best and why. (120-180 words)

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your answer with a partner. Go through each other's work. Check for mistakes -look particularly at the reasons you have given for your answers and the way you haveexpressed those reasons.

43

Unif 6 Being green

Why we write

Vhy do you write? Tick the appropriate boxesin the table and add to the list. to give information

to make a complaint

to apply for a job

to describe someone

to pass an exam

Remember why you are writing. It willaffect what you write and how you writeit. A social letter to a friend will bedifferent from one to a friend apologisingfor forgetting a dinner invitation.

WHY AM

44

UneX Work to live!

Preview / Planning 1

Vhat is important to you in a job? Choose the five most important factors and arrangethem in order of priority.

l1 long holidays

[ ] free lunches

1 i high salary

i flerible working hours

Il job satisfaction

[-.r some responsibility

LJ opportunity for travel

Discuss your answers with a partner.

I l having amusing colleagues

l-l socially useful

!l normal hours of workI long lunch breaks

I close to home

I working with other people

J good career and promotion prospects

Number your ideas and organisethem in order of priority before youstart to write. This is a very simplebut effective planning technique.

45

lJ*it 7 Work to live!

Selecting relevant information

Look at the job advertisements and complete as much of the table opposite as possible.Underline the information that you transfer from the advertisements to the table.

Due to our continued growth

Jack in the Boxrequire a

NURSERY COOK

to provide wholesome food for uP to

iod'"-ni'J*" in a day nursery situated

in Central Oxford'

Recoqnised craft qualif ications are

prefeired, however full training on

catering for this special age range

will be Provided'

Hours are Mon-Fri 7 30am to 3Pm'

t4'75 Per hour'

,* f"nh;;f*;i"n and an apptication form

please contact our Head Office on

ott80 147676'

tf you are 23_45 we can offer you:

Call now for more information on

rR[[P[orlIE 0s00 099Siand ask for Thonas ndams.

Or,, ,rlllr^l,r^r-Ujls for tons-rern enpt0ynent need apply.ixpenence isn't necessary. uommrtment is.

C

EARLY MORNING SHOP FLOORCLEANERS

llequired in Banbury to\\rr) centre7 9arl Mondav to Satnrdav.

Also requiredEVENING CLEANER

5pnr-7pnr, 4 days per r.veek. d5 per hour.Training eiven. Call M. Harris ou

0112 052113

PART-TIMEREC/TYPIST/CLERK

Computer literacY and Word

Perl-ect exPerience would

be Pret'erred'Hours to be agreed'

Pleose serul CY tu

Mrs M Clarke

Sttmlev- Limited' StonLe't House'

D"liriif,"3'xt'f#il''

E

Gold Touch Retail Secuity Ltd are seekingapplications from experienced store detectiaes to

coaer prestige retail clients within Bath and Bistol.

A salary range of between f5.50 & f6 hour is onoffer depending upon your experience.

40-45 hours week on average.

F

AU PAIR/NANNY

-

NANNY BEOUIREDASAP

Boysl&3,BloxhamBam_6pm

Tel. Jane on01 19_0249121

Earn 85OOper week!DRIVE A BMW!

Ring nowo99t-060606

46

Utzi{ 7 Work to live!

.lob qualifications/experience/skills needed

duties tralnlng grven hours pay contact

ANUR5ERY

COOK

uokiaq lorLOO d\ildM

full lminig

3i'lu

N\on4a7.3O0e,,-3P-

t+ls puhoor

+\ud offiuOLLSO

74+6+6

B

C

D

E

F

u

Which job appeals to you? Why? Discuss your answers with a parrner.

It's important to be able to decide whichpieces of information are relevant andwhich can be ignored. This is a veryuseful skill, especiaily in Part 1.

lnterpreting abbreviations

Work in pairs. Look at the jobabbreviations mean.

a) am e) Frib)p- f) Kc) CV g) PA

Beleva I z

d)Mon h)ASAP

advertisements again and decide what the following

41

Unit 7 Work to live!

2 Do you know what the following common abbreviations mean? Work in pairs. Use adictionary to find out as many as you can. Your teacher will help you.

a) e.s. d)MPb)Tel. e) BAc) RSVP f) esp

:j ' .: :r :; .,.:;..:. i.:'. -,,::,1.i--r-' .1- .-.- ?.,,:,ir:::.:::f.::t:",.-

You work in an employmentagency. Read the letter fromAmanda Forrest. From the jobadvertisements opposite, choosethe one you think would be mostsuitable for Amanda. Write areply to her letter, recommendingwhich job she applies for andexplaining why you have chosenit. Do not write any addresses.(120-180 words)

g) kmh) PS

i) NB

i) Msk) oNot) kg

'l Learn some common abbreviations.You may need to know them -

i;, especially in Part 1.

Planning 2

Look at the exam question below. First underline all the information that will help you writeyour answer. Then plan the structure of your letter using a different technique.

Exam question (formal letter)

Dear Sir/I\4adam,

After two and a halfDirector of rhe Butt

to the Publishing

new posr in which r can dev ;ilffi::::f fi'therefore, writing to you.to enquire if 1,ou knovu of any, jobopportunities which might suit nre.

The post at the Butterfield press was my first job afterin-e $ere. I have developedls includin-s auclio typing. Iing directll, w,ith authors,

for a number of public ron.,ioirlo"iderable responsibility

I am looking for a challenging post that will furtherdevelop my skills. I woulJdso fik" u, ir.."ri'u, _,curent salary of f 12,500pa

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully

A^and,a Forros(

Amanda Forrest

48

RecePtionistc.816,000

Otfice Recruitment0191 747 0033

{"Ixlf 7 Work to live!

t---! Ua-mprhi* ---lI HOUSE Ir RecepTroNrsr/TElEpHoNrsr

i1 f t3.000_f 14,000 I

i r;:il;* H{flrf,;.;"Jfi ,,Yl'1,,':"x;l ii *oox;[,:;xi:* - iI Hampshire House, It -50

SurreS.Street, II London tVlS 5E\.. II ,1'O AGENCIES

iL-- ----J

- glIT To woRK tN A uNtvERstrY?

AD ilt t N t srnAro B/s E c B EA';i _;; ;,;oo

soon as possibJe.

Tel: 0107 010 82t0ee Royat c,i"*, _,;::::,:triiitr^,,

PERFECT JOBS

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your answer with your partner's. Go through each other's work and check formistakes. Look especially at the information that your partner has used in his/her letter.When your composition is as good as possible, write out a neat copy. Keep your originalplan, the draft copy and the neat copy together in your file.

SMALL BUSY FRIENDLY OFFICE"- .._

REQUIRES FULL-TIME

SECRETARYTechnical audio tYPing on W4W

urld rotn" adm inistration'

Please send CV to:

Roser RichardsonMatirice & APPlebY

Chartered SurveYorsReeencY Building

45 Maviair Road' St Albans

t"tt OttZZ 0548L2

49

Unit 7 Work to live!

Clear handwriting

Look at these students'writing and answer the questions opposite.

kit,Wl

,ko&lu40Q

flan,o, il, tna*uilr lel!, q/rlal ffi+y A5,rn . /u hu q.

hait otnd btown ofir. /,2 lab w biX

A a, qoool,v ,(y t *d, antd

Mp^ tu'ttntfiV

dn4+ tl4y^ru

50

Uzsit 7 Work to livel

t'lrg besu &und narh€ is Aroanrorna (Je uE€_b>gildn<r un -tl,\e, €oMq rSoJa.ocfl , Lde ktttc eOCr,

6th!r t3 yeors 9go. lfte, yt1at ux cl_angect

-Ha+- scrrocrs , SlLo (ek$:t) a- orill*.-t sc,trooLto {ttr rr1q, bLr.t r-oe con€iu,r-<_- dre ra.(astooeu€-n nor.:. She 'i* lnra.s< brar.^rt ;ha.r,g\.lae eg< s- Sh4 i s n ot u€.rLj

hqs Freceths .

(vtnv NEAT ANDEASY ro nEa.o) 0 """ '--' 1 """""" 2 1/J ............. +......,......

' (uNr IDY ANDDrFFrcuLT ro neeo)

C-uatutuu andJshe

iloword isc €ea&er "f ncn6rC tonSura5e . H"isc.Teeiet Far.$e .p,g.6.yq\ he rsiWA+r+q. uelt ^tc4 and frtaadLyHe aQooy Lil.<s L" b. ^ farn ,otrh aai,rr;'-L

Hal* L*t<s abut Jat st,o-n3. H. has a black eysand blacl< hqia

1 \7hich handwriting is the easiest to read? IJ7hy?

2 Which is the most difficult to read? Why?3 \7hich student has corrected their work most carefully? How?

I ook back at your work over the last few units. How would you grade it on the scalebelow?

Ask other people to grade your handwriting. Do you agree with them?

Make your writing legible and your correctionstidy.

REMEMBE,R!" The examiners can only give marks for what

they can actually read! Don't forget they haveseveral hundred scripts to mark.

" If your work is tidy and clear, rhe examiner ismore likely to think well of you!

" If your work is untidy, the eraminer may thinkyou have not put much effort into it - even if thisis not true!

" It -is more difficult for examiners to follow whatyou are saying in your answer if it is difficult toread.

51

Unit 8 Bestsellers

Preview

write down the titles and authors of three books that have greatly impressed you.work in pairs or small groups. compare your choices and explain why you chosewhat you did.

Planning 1

You have to write an article for the class magazine about a book you have read recently.Look at the list of points below and cross ou"t those that you think would not be relevant insuch an article.

- The characters are very real.

- The author understands the criminal mind well.- The book is 224 pageslong.

- The plot is clever and original.

- I found it easy to identify with the main character.

- My sister likes reading too.

- The ending is exciting.

- The picture on the cover is striking.

- The story is set in Arizona.

- The descriptions are vivid.

- The blurb on the back is interesting.

- The book paints a fascinating picture of life in the depression.- My friend Sue liked it.

- It conveys a powerful socialist message.

- The author had written three books before this one.

- The author uses language in a simple yet effective way.- The author pays great attention to historical accuracy.- I've never been to Arizona.

Compare your answers with a partner. Are there any points you disagree about? Discuss anydifferences.

52

Unit I Bestsellers

..;) ; i ' '; ''

.." ,.

You don't have to use all vour ideaswhen you plan a composition. Choose

r the most relevant and important ideasta

;l you have noted down.

;r.li;i!ri,i,il:i::,:,:: r:!;,i i i;i;!;!i; l;::f; i:,1 i;ri!!:l; l;lil rl;l ii:!:,] !: l!:,:!:!t l!:fiqt,j;,r1!;,,,!;!J;5iri,;,;!i{,:i;

Organising an article (title and structure)

Read the article and answer the questions below.

Ifyou're a fan ofdetective stories,lhen Skinner's Rules is a must.

Quintin Jardine's electrifyingfirst novel. set in the streets ofEdinburgh. captures some of the

picturesque charm and the grimreality of life in Scotland's capital

city.The hero. Bob Skinner. is

Head of Edinburgh's CriminalInvestigation Department. Karate

expefi, widow, father of a

nineteen-year-old daughter, he isa tough but Iikeable character

with an intelligent approach to hiswork and a direct way of dealingwith people.

Choose the best title for the article from the list below.

a) Why I Liked Skinner's Rules

b) A Book I Read Recently

cl Skinner's Rules - Scottish crimebusting at its best!

d) Edinburgh Murder Mystery - Read All About It!

Give your article an interestingtitle.

The story begins with the brutalmurder of a successful younglawyer. When this is followedby a series of apparently random

killings. the police begin to

suspect that a serial killer is at

large. However, when the lawyer'sfianc6e is also murdered. Skinnerquickly makes an arrest.

At this point the case seems

solved but Skinner is notentirely satisfied. Despite

pressure from his superiors toleave things alone, Skinnercontinues his investigations and

discovers a clever and dangerous

This book has everything.There is murder, mystery and

suspense within the main story.There is an internationalperspective involving Japanese

businessmen, Israelis, Palestinians

and the SAS. There are politicsand conuption in high places.

There is romance betweenSkinner and... well, find out foryourself!

This is an excellent book Andthe really good news, if this isyour first Skinner novel, is thatthere are five more already in the

bookshops ! !

consprracy

t{iet,

Unii I Bestsellers

2 choose an appropriate heading for each paragraph from the list below.

How the story developsThe heroIntroduction and background

Different elements of the storyThe opinion of rhe reviewerThe beginning of the story

Paragraph 1 |

Paragraph 2 | .................

Paragraph 3 | .......................

Paragraph 4 | .,...-,,,,-..--.-...........

Expressing attitude

work in pairs. complete the table below. Use your dictionaries if necessary.

Verb Ad jectiue

amuse

lmpress

amuslng

interesting

exciting

boring

!,.!,;-;---i;.rr;,,.,,..........1.

thrill

convince

delight

.qrr..!rJdaa

offend

depress

annoy

fascinating

rrntatlng

Remember to organise youraniclc. trt doesn't ma$erhow you organise it butyou mu$t organiseit.

5+

#*lr 5 Bestsellers

Look at these

Work in small groups. Choose six offrom the table opposite and tell each

romantrc storles westernsscience fiction books novelscomic books grammar books

f-z--'-';,---:.,-fn.,..,i'. f"r'.rY.rrl)\- anno\,me. /U-/-/

the following types of books. IJse some of the wordsother what you think.

detective stories cookery booksbiographies travel books thrillers

this book

*4,6esrs w{K^$ -^-art haltp vi)rdzf et

-drd i[.

Planning 2

Choose one of the books you talked about in the Preview exercise and make a list of pointsabout why you like this book. Try and think of six to eight different reasons.

2 Exchange lists with a partner. Read your partner's list and decide if all the points on theirlist are relevant. If you think some of them are not, discuss them.

Exam question (article)

Your school is producing a student magazine. You have been asked to write an article forthe magazine about one of your favourite books. Write the article (120-180 words). If youwant to, you can write about one of the set books.

55

Umit I Bestsellers

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

. Go through each other,s work. Check for mistakes _language and how they have expressed their attitudes.possible, write out a neat copy. Keep your draft and

Using resources

1 which of the following resources are available to you (in school or outside)?

English-English dictionarybilingual dictionarycoursebookEnglish-language radio and TV programmesEnglish-language films ar the cinemaEnglish-language books, magazines, etc.English speakers to talk to

2 Can you think of any other resources?

Make enquiries to find o.ut whether you can find other resources you think might be'unavailable', for example:

- 4tk local newsagents' shops and bookshops if they could order English-language itemsfor you.

- If your school has. a librarr, alk if they could get more English-language books.- Ask at the local library for information about English clubs.- Ask your teacher for informarion abour gerting an Engrish-speaking penpal.- Ask your teacher or bookshop to recommend good coursebook, or"grr--ar reference

books.

- Ask other students in your school if they could lend you English-language books.- $t\ family or friends who travel abroad to bring back Engli"sh-1""g;rg;.rewspapers,

leaflets, etc. for you.

Make a written note_of things such as the times of English-language radio and TVprogrammes, the addresses of English-language clubs, penpal organisations, etc.

There are probably more resourcesaround than you realise. Find outabout them. Use them.

ti

I

I!rI

56

, I Family Iife

PreviewWork in small groups. Discuss the following quotations. Do you agree or disagree withthem? Give reasons.

happy families resemble onether, but each unhappy family

appy in its own way.

iJ*rr I Family life

Planning 1

You have been given this title for a composition:

'Looking after old people should be the responsibility of the family'. Discuss.

Work in pairs and plan your composition by adding notes to the diagram below.

cM ne[/ lOoKa$z.t hidrcA

'Headlights' are a useful way of planning adiscussion essay. They help you to collectyour thoughts.

Reasons FoRotd peDpe ivthgwtth rheifaamilt65

RtAronS AafitNSlot* peDpte liviA!Wirh *eir+ArlAilies

58

"l blame all my problems on coming froma broken egg"

Uni? 9 Family life

Opening and closing paragraphs

1 Look at the four paragraphs below. Which would be the best opening for the compositionin Planning 1? What is wrong with the others?

A My next door neighbour is 73 years old and she lives on her own. Her son lives quite nearby.He comes round twice a week to check on her.

B Throughout this century it has become more and more common in the western world for o dpeople to live on their own or in old people's homes rather than with their families. Peoplefrom other cultures often find this practice barbaric, but are they rightT

C Of course old people should be looked after by their families - after all they looked after theirchildren when they were young.

D ln some ways it is a good idea for old people to live with their families, and in some ways it isnot. Some people might be very happy to have their old relatives livrng with them. Some oldpeople might not want to live with their family.

2 Now look at these four paragraphs. Which would be the best closing paragraph for thecomposition? What is wrong with the others?

A ln my country we do not have the terrible situation of old people living in hospital becausethey have nowhere else to go. Furthermore, because we look after old people in the family,there are very few old people's homes.

B They have great knowledge and experience which they can pass on. lf they have a pension,they can help financially. And of course they can help with the babysitting and housework andso on.

C As you can see this is a difficult matter. lt is both a moral and a practical problem. My feelingis that each family should consider all the arguments carefully and decide what best suitsthem.

D I will never live with my family when I grow old. N,4y cousin's parents lived with him and theyboth survived into their nineties. He never had any independence at all.

3 Now cross out the items below which are not true.

An opening paragraph should:

give examplesgive your opinionshow there are two sides to the questionmake a general comment on the subjecttalk about what the question meanstalk about someone yo., know who is relevant to the question

A closing paragraph should:

add some extra points of interest and informationsummarise the arguments very briefly in one or two sentencesadd extra arguments to support your opinionstate your own opiniongive examples to support your opinionstate any conclusions you reach

59

Unft I Family life

4 Now work with a partner. Look at the exam question opposite and work out a goodopening and a good closing paragraph.

Recognising how a text links together

Look at the text below, which was written in answer to the question in Planning 1. Markthe text to show how some words are used to refer backwards and forwards. The first fewhave been done for you.

roughout this become more and more common in the western world for

old to live on their own or in old people's homes rather than familieE

irom other culturejf oft en barbaric; but

i"16There are many reasons a good idea nt$ to lrve wrt

stresses that families are important and teaches the grandchildren a proper respect for the

elderly. The grandparents are able to help the parents with the benefit of their knowledge and

experience; and to give practical assistance with things like housework, baby-sitting, and so on.

There is also the moral argument that the grandparents looked after the parents when they werechildren so now it ls time for them to repay the debt.

There are, however, reasons why it is not such a good idea. People do not always get on very

well with their parents-in-law and if the grandparents try to interfere in the life of the family too

much it could cause serious problems. Furthermore when the grandparents become very old

and frail, it may take a lot of time to look after them. This sort of care is best provided by experts

in an old people's home.

Planning 2

Look at the exam question. Use the techniques you practised in Planning 1 to plan yourcomposition. Use the opening and closing paragraphs you worked out in exercise 4 above.

When you have finished, compare your plan with your partner's and see if you can improveyours or theirs.

Think carefully about the first and lastparagraphs. They make a big differenceto your composition.

60

Unit # Family life

Exam question (discussion essay)

Your class has been discussing the advantages and disadvantages of large families and yourteacher has asked you to write a composition giving your views on the Ioflowing statement:

'Some people say thar children from large families are happier. Do you agree?,

Write your composition in 120-180 words.

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your answer with a partner. Go through each other's work. Check for mistakes.Check also the first and last sentences and how the text links together. When yourcomposition is as good as possible, write out a neat copy. Keep your draft and neat copytogether in your file.

Learning useful expressions

How do you learn useful words and expressions?

Which of these do you do?

- rWrite down the English and a translation.- 'W'rite down the English and an explanation in English.- 'W'rite

down an example sentence.- Keep groups of similar new words and phrases together.- Write new words and phrases on small cards, keep them in a pocket, and look at them

frequently.- Record new words on a cassette which you listen to regularly.- ril/rite new words on pieces of paper which you stick on the wall in your bedroom.- Look through your lists of new words regularly so that you don't forget them.- Tty and use the new words when you speak.- Try and use the new words when you write.

Talk to other people in your class. Find out how they learn new words and expressions.

What new techniques can you use to help your memory?

Try out as many different learning techniquesas you find useful.

61

Us-s&* K0 Shop till you drop!

Preview

lmagine you are in a department store. Which department would you go to to buy thefollowing items? Put them in the right column in the table below.

a doll a sweater a shirt a disha tennis racquet a tie a travel guide a teddy beara rugby ball a toaster a shuttle cock a food processora novel a vase a light bulb

an encyclopediaa bowla model boat

Books Menswear Electricalgoods

China Toys Sports

Now add one or two items to each column.

Planning 1

1 Imagine you and your partner are puttingYou have to draw up a questionnaire thatquestions to include on the questionnaire.

Think about:

- size

- location- range of goods

- quality of goods

- service

- methods of payment- any special features, etc.

62

together a directory of shops in your local area.you can fill in for each shop. Make a list of

Llrrlt '€8 Shop till you drop!

2 Choose a shop you both know well. Work out what answers you might give for the shopyou have chosen.

The language and style of reports

Look at this extract from a report on a department store and answer the questions below.

NAI\,IE AND ADDRESS OF STORE:

Claridge's, 1u1-24 Market St, Salisbury SP1 1BG

LOCATI O N:

The store is situated on the comer of Mitre St and Market St, close to the centreof town. Even though this is not the ideal location, it is close enough to theHigh St to attract many casual shoppers.

DE PARTME NTS:

It's a really big shop and there are lots of different departments. I'm going to put

a complete list at the bottom of this report. I fbund almost all the departments Iexpected but I was pretty surprised when I discovered they didn't have a musicdepartment which sold CDs and things like that. I mean I expect to be able tobuy CDs in a depaftment store.

RANGE OF GOODS:

Although there is a wide range ofproducts, there is not a great choice ofbrandnames within each product. The electronics department, for example, sells everykind of device you could possibly want. However, there are only two differentbrands of television and three makes of cassette recorder.

OUALITY:

Despite the narrow range ofbrand names, the quality is very high. Productshave been chosen for reliability, excellence and value for money.

1 One of the paragraphs above is written in an inappropriate style. Which paragraph is it?What is wrong with the style?

Work in pairs and rewrite the inappropriate paragraph in a more appropriate style.

Read through the other paragraphs again and underline any words or expressions whichyou think might be useful when writing other reports.

2

3

Before you write a report, thinkabout the questions that thereader will want you to answer.

63

{Jnit 'i8 Shop till you drop!

Linking words for concession and contrast

1 Study the sentences below which have been taken from the report about Claridge's andput a circle around the linking words of concession. One has already been done for you.

ven thou is not the ideal location, it is close enough to the High St to attract many

casual shoppers.

. Although there is a wide range of products, there is not a great choice of brand names withineach product.

. The electronics depaftment, for example, sells every kind of device you could possibly want.

However, there are only two different brands of television and three makes of cassette

recorder.

. Despite the narrow range of brand names, the quality is very high.

2 List any other linking words of concession that you know.

3 Rewrite the four sentences above using a different linking word of concession. Make anychanges necessary so that the sentence is grammatically correct.

4 Change the sentences below so that they are grammatically correct. One sentence iscorrect and does not need changing.

a) Despite the staff are generally polite and efficient, we did meet one unhelpful assistant.

b) Even although credit cards are not accepted, Claridge's has its own storecard.

c) There are stairs and escalators, however there are no lifts.d) The restaurant is pleasant and serves good food although the coffee is expensive at

f,2.00 a cup.

e) In spite the smallness of the book department, they can order any book you want andget it very quickly.

f) The gift department is large. But it is not very imaginative.

Planning 2

Read the exam question below and make a list of the questions that your report will need toanswer.

Exam question (report)

Your teacher has asked your class to conduct a survey of the clothes shops in your town.The results of the survey will be put up on a noticeboard in your school for the informationof the other students. Choose two clothes shops in your town. Write a report on theshops comparing them from a number of different points of view: price, quality of service,appeal, etc.

Write your report in 120-180 words.

64

Unit tr$ Shop tillyou drop!

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your answer with a partner. Check for mistakes. Look particularly at the way youhave expanded the information from the advertisements.

Se/f-assessment 2

1 Look back at the last few compositions you have written. How do you feel about thestandard of your writing? Add to the list in the table below and tick the appropriate boxes.

Good Okay PoorOrganisation of ideas

Spelling

Tenses

Grammar

Punctuation

Vocabulary

Paragraphing

Now compare your answers with your self-assessment in Unit 2. Which areas of your writingstill need extra work? Your teacher will suggest ways you can improve your weakest areas.

;:; Ger rid of those mistakes quickly - before the exam. I

3-!.3..i.!ii:-.:.rftr.i ii..7is s.e... r-Gi:-..!:::1ys!.rrrr?rtF.&rsE::r:.:x?rislwJt::;trzr,."ro.w;:;:r:.*i

2 How do you feel about your performance on the different types of quesrion in FirstCertificate? Tick the appropriate boxes.

Units HaPPv Okal, Unhappynarratives (stories) 1

reports 6, 10

discussion essay 5gdescriptions 4

informal letters 2

formal letters 3,7article 8

Which questions do you need to work on most?

65

Unit € ff Jobhunting

listing questions

recog5uising topic and illusuative sentences (Farts 1 & 2)making applications (Part 2)

for,mal letrer: application (Pan 2lplanning in the exam

Preview

Arrange these jobs in order of appeal.

pilot most appealing

stockbroker

teacher

office cleaner

chef

lion tamer

surgeon

banker

confidence tricksterpolice officer

THE BAY TREERESTAURANT

TIAVE VACANCIES FORWAITERS & WAITRESSES

EVENINGS/WEEKENDSAPPLY IN PERSON.

QUALIFIED NANNY WANTEDto look after three children

aged l-7.Accommodation & full-board.

Use of car.

Salary'& hours to be negotiated.

Please send c.v. & tlvo references to:

Nlrs T. Morris, Box 802.

least appealing

Compare your answers with a partner. Give reasons for your answers. Be prepared to reportback on your partner's opinions.

Planning 1

Look at the four job advertisements below. Imagine you are going to interview candidatesfor these jobs. Work in pairs and make a list of the questions you would ask in each case.

______;i, ,rr/

4 cupUNcTURt STs'coNvENTloN

,,,rtr///,

66

St Anne's SchoolChiswick

require a teacher ofFRENCH & RUSSIAN

from SeptemberApplV,in writing to

Ms. R. Jameson M.A.Headteacher.

i^.,*it ?"t Jobhunting

Eden Zoo require o

SNAKE HANDTERAppliconts must hqve previous

experience of working withonimols, preferobly repiiles.Applicotions lo fhe Director,

Eden Zoo, Monchester MC6 TR9.

Put the questions into groups according to the kind of information they are trying to findout about the candidate. Compare with another pair how you have grouped your questionsand discuss the reasons for your groupings.

Paragraphing: recognising topic and illustrative sentences

Paragraphs are (usually) a series of sentences around a particular topic. When the topicchanges, you start a new paragraph.

Study the paragraphbelow. The underlined sentence is the 'topic sentence', the sentence

which introduces the topic, or subject, of the paragraph. The four sentences which followare 'illustrative sentences', which give more information, more details, examples, to expandon the topic.

I really like mv new job. The people I work with are friendly and helpful, The job enables me

to travel quite a lot- both in this country and occaslonally abroad. Although it's not terriblywell paid, it's not too stressful and the holidays are good. This means that I have both the free

time and the energy to enjoy lots of interesting hobbies!

1 Find and underline the topic sentence in the paragraph below.

The firm gave me a really good party last Friday, I was retiring after 29 years with the

company. I shall be sad to leave all my colleagues and friends, Marjorie has got lots of jobs

for me to do in the house - so I don't think I shall be bored.

2 Look at the jumbled letter of application on the next page. Put the paragraphs in the

correct order by matching eachparagraph with a heading from the table below. Thenorder the sentences correctly within each paragraph and identify which is the topicsentence in each paragraph. Complete the table with your answers. The first paragraph has

been done for you.

Paragraph Heading Sentences Topic sentence

Reason for writing

QualificationsExperience

Languages

Reason for application

ed e

67

Unit ?7 Jobhunting

The Personnel OfficerAngus Hotel GrouP75-81 Sauchiehall St

Glasgow

12 Priory RoadScarboroughNorth Yorkshire

19th November 1999

or Madam,4"t the Scarborough Fiesta'

en de-""'in ho nt'r in a oi areas including

(c) ln previous posts I have w't^'d in'a ' ot

housekeeping' "ttp'io'-t' personnel and restattrtrttt'

B (d)

(e)

As you will see from my c.v., I have the qualifications, experience andlanguage proficiency you require.I would like to apply for the post of Hotel Manager at the Glasgow Angusas advertised in this month's issue of 'The Caterer'.

hotel which deals with

1.,.1 in France for three Years'te) The first. French' I speak tluently having lived in France for rhree years'

if,l i;il:;"t g""a sp'nish and some rtalian'

i';' i ;;.;k.J"'-fo"ign lansuages well'

(i) There are a number of reasons for my applying for this.post'

(k) Furthermore, I would like to work in , irig.. hotel with a more varied and

to take on the challenge and responsibility of being a manager'

international clientele.(l) irra fi.r"tty I would also like to live and work in Glasgorv - the citt' *'hc're I

was brought up as a child and where most of my familf irnd frierrcls still live'

(m) First. hr',rlg worked as a deputy manager for.several ]'erlrs' I norv feel read'

G) lr.r" included ones on health and hygiene, fire prevention' and interviewing

Management Association.

skills and techniques.(o) I have both an external qualification as well as internal certificates from Fiesta Hotels'

ioi ," addition to that, I have attended a number of training courses run by Fiesta Hotels'

iqi i"iii^ffy I obtained a diploma from the Hotel and Catering Institute of

I look forward to hearing from You.

Yours faithfully,

/ P ?-c'/'1 a,w14f. D. Ferguson

68

Unit 5'l Jobhunting

()rgartise rhe informrrriou in cach pr,rr,rgrrri-rh

ertrcftrllr'. Kcep the Jiit'ercrrr r]'l'res oiiniorrtrrrrion in srprrretc par:rgrirphs.

Making applications

Now look at the complete letter of application on page 70. Underline any words orexpressions which you think might be useful in otherletters of application.

Make a note of useful formal expressionsthat you can use in other letters and be

:i: sure to revise them so that vou can use

l$ ,n.- if you have to write a similar letter inir the exam.

aa

Planning 2

Look back at the questions you wrote in Planning 1 and answer as many of them as you canabout yourself relating to the composition question below. Organise the information intogroups as you did in Planning 1.

Exam question (formal letter)You would like to become a tourist guide for English speaking tourists in your country.You see the advertisement below in the local paper. Write your letter of application in120-180 words. Remember to set out your letter correctly. Look back at Unit 3 if necessary.

=",0,.",.,*9,Y*I:"Is'"YJP*?"*wide'1oca'lionsror

{lcntrotours \vuEcIredge of their local

Successful applicants deal with people'

arear reasonable En !

PO Brlx 147' SouthPort'The Managing Director

Uazit 7l Jobhunting

12 PriorY Road

ScarboroughNorth Yorkshire

19th November 1'999

The Personnel Officer

Ansus Hotel GrouP

75:81Sauchiehall St

Glasgow

Dear Sir or Madam'

I would like to apply for the post -91I":l Manager at the Glasgow Angus as

advertised in this -";;h,;'i;r;. "i .rrr. c",;;.;:."i; you will "t

f'o* mv c'v'' I

have the qrrli{it"tio""'ltil;; 'nd lntg"ge proficiency you requrre'

ates from Fiesta Hotels'

g Institute of Management

of training' courses run

ne, fire Prevention' and

nlques.

I have considerable experience in hotel Tlnasem:nt' For the last jffiff$lttX5t"

been deputv *'""*Ji;;il;'itntt'oto"gh Fiesta' In previous post

a wide variety .f ,.;;;;.i;;;; h.r,Jkttpi"g' ttttption' personnel and

;:HT;.e foreign languages welr.,The first, French,I speak{luentiv' having lived

in France for three;*;':;;i;; 'p'ut' go'oiii'"iJ '"a

t"me Italian' t feel this

woutd be usefui ,,.' I1Xlr. t"r.r"il."if fri.i;li.h;t'ls with clients from all over

lT.:J: " numher of rer i post' First' having'Io'k'd

'as I cleputv man:rgcr for : ' io t'kt on the challenge ano

responsirrilitl'ofrrei.gar ii",f,lirl'J|Ji:'"ll;i:1""[::l;:'*il'liL]:Ui , , ht up as a child and where

;;il *y}"-ifv "nd ftitt.tdt still live'

I look forward to hearing from You'

Yours faithfullY

/ P k4 '4'/1'd1''a

J. D. Ferguson

Now turn back to Exam Tip 27 onpage 69.

70

Anit €X Jobhunting

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your letter with your partner's. Check for mistakes. Look particularly at theorganisation of the paragraphs, the structure of each paragraph, and the language used.

Planning in the exam

1 In the exam you have 45 minutes for each composition. How will you divide that timebetween planning, writing, and improving?

One possibility is:

planning - 10 minutes writing - 30 minutes improving - 5 minutes

Whatever you do, the planning phase is going to be much shorter than usual. It is thereforea good idea to get used to planning compositions quickly. It is also a good idea if you useyour planning time to write down some of the words and expressions that you are going touse in your composition.

You might divide your time like this:

thinking of ideas - 4 minutesorganising ideas into paragraphs - 3 minutesnoting useful words and expressions - 3 minutes

On your own decide:

- how you will divide up your time for each composition.- how you will divide up your planning time.

2 Now plan compositions for one or two of these titles in the time you have allowedyourself:

1 Your teacher, Mrs Ferguson, is leaving to become the Head of a new school in aneighbouring town. You have been asked to write her a letter from the studentsthanking her for her hard work and wishing her luck in her new job.

2 You have been on holiday in your country for a couple of weeks. \7rite a letter to apenfriend telling him/her what you have been doing.

3 'Keeping pets inside one's house is a disgusting practice.'Discuss.

4 \frite a story that ends with the words '. . . the little boy ran up the stairs shouting,"He's here! He's here!"'

x

I used+

]i

i:ii

tg

tI

t1

{",irnit ,,12 Getaway

Planning technique:

Language skills:

Exam question:

Improuing:

using a 'spidergraph'

organising descriptions (P art 2)prepositions following adjectives (Parts 1 & 2)

description: place (Part 2)

checking and polishing in the exam

PreviewWork in groups of six. Choose one of the following holidays for each member of the group.Persuade the other members of the group to let you have the holiday you want.

- a cruise down the River Nile- a month on a Pacific island- a Kenyan safari- a camel journey across the Sahara

- a week in the European capital of their choice- a cycling holiday in the Himalayas

Planning 1

A 'spidergraph' (see Unit 4) is often a useful way of noting down information about places.Complete this diagram using the words in the box opposite, adding some ideas of your own.

LOCALINFO(MATION

72

..,''."'. ' ' Getaway

nightclubs train history bed and breakfast art galleries travelcinemas accommodation architecture guest houses monuments discos

Organising descriptions

1 Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

o matter from what direction You

approach the Potala, it always appears

unspoilt by its surroundings - it looks as

,f it t-tna ,-to,hi.,g to do with them, floating there

It is a maze of rooms, altars, temples, halls and

dominant colours.

ues of Buddha in all his forms'

And at the very heart of the paiace is its heart

indeed - the enormous chamber containing the

tombs of the former Daiai Lamas' The biggest

shrines are those of the Fifth and the Thirteenth

Dalai Lamas - the former is covered with

300,000 ounces of gold'(adapted from Dartziger's Iralelsr Nick Darrzigcr' Paladin I 988)

on its mountainside. To its west the Chinese

sight of it.

The present palace was built in the mid seven-

te..rth c".tt.,iy by the great Fifth Dalai Lama'

and it took thousands of workers half a century

to complete. Standing over a hundred metres up'

it is reached by a series of switchbacks' the steps

Lama's living quarters'

73

i..!*,{. "i.i: Getaway

1 \7hat does the writer describe in a) the first paragraph?b) the second paragraph?c) the third paragraph?d) the fourth paragraph?e) the last paragraph?

2 \fhy do you think he has followed this order?3 Do you think he began with the most important thing?4 \7hich adjectives has he used to describe the palace?5 Which senses has he focused most on: sight, sound, taste, smell, etc.?

6 What do you think is the best part of the description?

2 Think of a famous place near where you are now. Discuss with a partner and make notes

about how you would organise a description of it.

The text gives one example of how toorganise descriptions. You and yourclassmates have probably thought ofother ways.Remember - organise your writing.

Prepositions following adjectives

1 Look at the text on page 73 and find prepositions to complete the phrases below.

unspoilt ......... its surroundings

hidden ,. ...view

concealed

decorated

covered

.., a vast curtaln

, rich materials

300,000 ounces of gold

'Isn't it exciling, Ralpb, 1'ue n@e/ beiltbis larlrom a McDonald s belore

74

i":':l'ii'':"'i' GetawaY

2 Now look at the following sentences. Fill the blank in each with one of the followinoprepositions

to of for with

1 She wiu; verl pleased ,,.,.,.,.. her holiday photos.

2 Local people are often very generous ..................... foreigners who pass throughtheir village.

3 Boats between the islands are quite capable .......... arriving a day late or evenmore.

4 The scenery here is similar .......... that in the south of the country.5 The tour company were responsible ....,...,. our luggage.

6 I became extremely angry ...,.,...... them when our suitcase disappeared.7 The architectural style of this palace is related ........., that of the early fifth

century Greek temples.

B I suddenly became aware .......... someone tryrng to take my wallet out of mypocket.

9 Going on a cruise is not suitable .....,................ people who get bored easily.

3 Tell your partner about:

- a place you are familiar

- a type of transport you are fond ..-............

- something your family is famous

Now complete the boxes below:

with

for

Add other adjectives to the boxes as you come across them in the next few weeks.

Remember that some adjectives can take different prepositions in other contexts.

to

of

75

l)ryit 32 Getaway

Planning 2Look at the exam question below and draw a'spidergraph' including on it all theinformation relevant to your answer.

Compare your plan with your partner's.

Exam question (description)Insight magazine - an international English language magazine - is running a series ofarticles in which students describe the place where they spent the most enjoyable holiday oftheir lives. Write your article describing where you went and saying why you enjoyed yourholiday. ( 120-180 words)

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Compare your answer with a partner. Check for mistakes. Look particularly at the way thedescription is organised and the use of prepositions.

Checking and polishing in the exam

You will not have time in the exam to write out a neat copy, so now is the time to startwriting your compositions only once. You will have to do the checking and polishing andmake any changes to your first copy.

Make sure that you make any alterations neatly and legibly. Make quite sure that it is clearto the examiners which is the correct version, and which is crossed out.

If necessary, write on alternate lines so that you have enough room for corrections.

Go through your work systematically. Look for the mistakes that you know you make themost often.

How long willyou need for checking and polishing? Decide now. Make sure you leaveenough time.

76

Unit V3 Crime doesn't pay

Planning ttchniqwe: opening sentences

Langaage s&dlls; using direct speech in narrarirres (Pan 2)making yotrr wridrrg more irteresting (Parts 1 UZI

fuam question: narrarive: short srory (Parr2) ,

Intprcuing: wrlting the correcr number of words

PreviewWork in groups of three or four. Look at the sentences below. Decide if you agree ordisagree. If you disagree, change the sentence so that every member of the grorp agreeswith it.

a) AII murderers should be execured.

b) Corporal punishment should be reintroduced for certain crimes.c) People who drink and drive should lose their driving licences for ever.

d) k should be illegal for parents to smack their children.e) Prisons should be as uncomfortable as possible.

f) Judges should retire ar the age of 60.

Planning 1

Read the passages below. Each contains the first sentences of a novel. Work in pairs anddiscuss how you think the plots in the various books develop.

A The woman was lying dead on the floor when he came in. She was already dead and coveredup from head to toe but \Texford only knew that afterwards, not at the time. He looked backand realised the chances he had missed but it was useless doing that - he hadn't known andthat was all.

B I rnet the boy on the morning of the kidnapping. It was a bright and blowing day. The wind wasfi-esh from the sea, and the piled r.vhite cubes of the city sparkled under a swept blue sky. I had toforce mvself to go to work.

C Tom glanced behind him and saw the man coming out of the Green Cage, heading his way.Tom walked faster. There was no doubt that the man was after him. Tom had noticed him fiveminutes ago, eyeing him carefully fiom a table, as if he weren't quite sure, but almost. He hadlooked sure enough for Tom to down his drink in a hurry, pay and get out.

77

l-t*ft li{ Crime doesn't pay

Using direct speech in narratives

1 Work in pairs. Look at the passage below and then choose the best answers to the

questions which follow.'S7hen Saltfleet came back from shopping, three hours later, Geraldine was sitting on the doorstep.

He was delighted, but then immediately began to worry.'\7hat are you doing here?'

She kissed him. 'I got bored so I thought I'd come and see you and Mummy,' she explained.

They went into the kitchen, and he unloaded his purchases on the table. Geraldine opened the

refrigerator and poured herself a glass of milk.'I'm dying of hunger . . . Are you doing anything nice this afternoon?'

'\7e thought we'd go to Regent's Park and have tea there.'

'Oh good! Can we go to the zoo?'

'I expect so.'

1 \7hat are inverted commas (") used for?

a) to stress wordsb) to show which words are actually spokenc) to show who is speaking

2 \7hich of the following can separate the spoken words from other words?

a) a commab) a question markc) a full stopd) an exclamation marke) nothing

3 'SThere is the punctuation mark separating the spoken words from the words whichfollow?

a) inside the inverted commasb) outside the inverted commas

4 \7hen is a new line started?

a) whenever someone speaksb) when the speaker changesc) for each new sentence

5 lWhen is a paragraph indented?

a) only when it starts with narrativeb) only when it starts with direct speechc) both

78

Unit 13 Crime doesn't pay

2 Work in pairs and use what you have just found out about direct speech in narrative topunctuate the passage below.

You don't like me much do you Inspector. I wouldn't say that replied Morse defensively, lt's

lust that you've never got into the habit of telling me the truth have you l've made up for it

now I hope Have you Morse's eyes were hard and piercing, but to his question there was

no reply, Shall I sign it now Morse remained silent for a while You think it's better this way

he asked very quietly But again there was no reply, and Morse passed across the statement

and stood up You've got a pen Sheila Phillipson nodded, and opened her long, expensive

leather handbag,

Make sure you know the rules forpunctuating direct speech. Using directspeech ciin mirkrl rr nitrrilrivr' l'n'id ;rndn'lore Interestrt'lg.

Making your writing more interesting

1 Look at passage C in Planning 1. How many different words can you find to do with theverb see?

2 You will make your writing considerably more interesting if you do not always use thesimple words such as walk, say and see. There are plenty more descriptive words inEnglish that you can use.

Look at the word squares below, find as many words as you can that mean somethingsimilar to the word that has been circled and write them below. You will find the wordshorizontally, diagonally and vertically.

awm)s H x}Tz{TUT

G SEL TNA AON RTC EIE HCP SE

PROMISEflzr A NUA/nlu v R s GD\v/p o G r c vYcc u s ErVSQETSSOADMI TE

NUS URRID N Q S OR P

EALHLYTR MS X L V OZOC HAS E

79

Areit '13 Crime doesn't pay

3 Now work in pairs and rewrite the passage below to make it sound more interesting.

Hopkins walked into the bar and sat down. He looked round but no one was looking at him.The barman walked up.

'Beer,' said Hopkins.'Budweiser?' said the barman.'Yes,' said Hopkins.

Just then a man walked into the bar. Hopkins turned and looked at him. The man walked up tothe bar. 'You can keep the beer,' he said to the barman. Turning to Hopkins, he said, 'I'mGoodman.

'West Sussex Police. You're under arrest.'

Using a variety of language will showyour range of vocabulary and structureand make your writing more interesting.

2:*Giqi#!1/.hrli!diiii:#i;:Jnr1.\ir;,;!r;!5r*r!.frrr"s=q...14!:!ii;;9?rlfa.iBqa!,!;*nii{?;:r:i*:- r6r..iibi,n;;qqiii

Planning 2Look at the question below. Think of a good first sentence or two and write them down.Exchange sentences with a partner and speculate as to how the plot might develop. Whenyou have exchanged ideas, draw a'flow diagram' (see Unit 1) to illustrate how you willdevelop the story.

Exam question (narrative)An English Language Association has recently been formed in your country. The associationis holding a competition with prizes for the best short storie.s written in English. The storiesmust end with the words:

.. . she felt a hand on her shoulder and heard a voice say, 'Lisa Altman. I arrest you in thename of the law.'

Write your com in 120-180 words.

"OK, sergeant, Scotland Yad'll handle it now-where exactly was tbe body found?"

ir

t,

ti

&l

t'ilL'

.<fr, ?rrfr5y001 1 CRY

L*.,LAt14

t"tnit"t3 Crime doesn't pay

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Remember your time limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within thetime limit. Look particularly at your use of language and your punctuation of direct speech.

Writing the correct number of words

'The question paper asks for 120-180 words. How many words should I write?'

Less than 120 words: Too short. You will lose marks if you write less than you should. Forexample, if you write 90 words (three-quarters of the length), your best possible mark willbe three-quarters of the total marks.

120-150 words: Okay. A lot will depend on the quality of what you write. However, youprobably hayen't written enough to be able to show the examiners quite how good yourwriting is.

150-180 words: Very good. Just the right length and you have given yourself enough spaceto show how well you can write.

180-200 words: Good. The extra few words won't count against you and they may help thegeneral impression that your answer will create. The examiners will only mark the first 180words. However, they can give credit for anything extra that is relevant. So if you need theextra words to finish what you are writing, that is okay.

Ouer 200 words: Too long. The extra words won't count against you, and they maypossibly add to the general impression of your answer. However, you will have wasted a lotof time writing more words than you needed to when you could have spent that timechecking the 180 words that are important.

No/e: The examiner will not count the words in your composition but he or she willimmediately realise if your composition is too short or too long. You will probably knowwithout counting the words how much you need to write. However, if you want to feel safe,count them.

'lfrite the correct number of words, butdon't waste roo much time counting.Have an idea of what 150-180 wordsIooks like in your handwriting.

81

{s V Customer relations

Exam questioi::

Imp,roaing: :,

PreviewTick your answers on the questionnaire below and then work out your score. Compare youranswers with a partner.

HOW GOOD ARE YOU AT COMPLAINING?

1 You order souP in a restaurant'^ Wfr., it arrives it is cold' What do you do?

A Eat it and saY nothing' :

B Call the waiter and send it back'

C Say nothing but don't leave a tiP'

You have some photos developed' When you

ok. ;h.- o.rt oi the envelope' you rotice that

il;;i;;. reproduction i' poot' what do vou do?

;;;;; r"urself for being a bad photographer' :.-

B i;k; them back to the shop and.ask them to try agaln'"C ;;;;;hi.g u"t tnkt vo" next fiim somewhere else'

3 You buy a bottle of milk at your local supermarket' When you try 1t'

" it tart.s horrible' What do You do?

A Throw it awaY'

s i;k. l, i"ck and ask for another bottle'

C Drink it anYwaY'

4 department store' When you get home'

le unde. the arm' What do You do?

notice it'

B Take it back and ask to change it'

C Mend the hole'

Score 3 points for each B, 1 point for each C' 0 points for each A'

10 and over: .what u gro,_r.l-ri you complain about absolutell' everything' Try to get a

:'i':;:fi'#'l?l;r"""0,e attitude to life and know when something is important

;:::-J.H.':il$:t}::::l,..tru.r At the moment vou ret people walk all over vou'

82

Anit 14 Customer relations

Planning 1

You have had a terrible meal in a restaurant and are about to write to the manager tocomplain. Look at the list of points below and cross out those which you would notmention in your letter.

- The soup was cold.

- My wife was wearing her new dress.

- The table wasn't ready when we arrived.

- Lobster was not on the menu.

- The 'fresh' prawns were frozen.

- The napkins did not match the tablecloth.

- Our table was near the door to the street.

- The person at the next table was smoking.

- The service was slow.

- \7e had to wait 35 minutes for our first course.

- The waiter was rude to me.

- The waiter was not wearing a tie.

- The wine waiter spilt wine on my trousers.

- 'We had to wait 30 minutes to get the bill.

'Tonight's specials are: Sueetbreads en Brochette,Lobster i I' Americaine and Brook Trout Meuniire.

And tonight's topic of conuersation is: the slout seruice

Linking words for attitude

Read this letter of complaint and cross out the two wrong options in each box.

43 Wimbledon AveWendoverBucks HW3 5TO

23rd March 1999

The ManagerPlum Tree RestaurantHampstead CourtWendoverBucks

Dear Sir,

I am writing to complain about the meal we had at your restaurant last Saturday.

not what I expect from a with your reputation We arrived at

To my surprise 2

Fortu natelyTo make matters worse

having booked a table earlier by phone, the head waiter had no

83

knowredse or our bookin, E:J'hJl or perhaps HmI the resraurant was not

l Obviously, I l naturatty, 4lfull and we were able to stay

r'f ?4 Customer relations

When we had ordered our meal, the waiter told us there would be a short delay. lt was

then 7 45 We sat and waited for our f irst course until g.45 I feel that an hour is

too long to wait for one's f irst course. you do not

Moving on to the food, the menu had stated that the soup was 'homemade' but itrorlunatety /n lo c rl',

to make matters worsecame from a tin. We also ordered 'f resh' prawns but these were

as they were still frozen in the middleTo make matters worse,To be honest,Clearly, 9

when we tried to complain the staff seemed to take no interest at all

I do not feel that the service or the food was worth the fl48 g0 that we

would be grateful if you would sendhad to pay. I am therefore enclosing a copy of the bill and I

me a complete refund as soon as possible

Yours faithfully,

fr,AtLA cl.l\Ntfl,t

Aileen Snaith (Mrs)

Use linking words to make your writingmore fluent.

;t:

iti

:i

:t

'i' , ii:

84

Anit 74 Customer relations

The past in sequence

1 Study these two sentences from the letter on page 84.

1 When we had ordered our meal, the waiter told us there would be a short delay.2 \7hen we tried to complain, the staff seemed to take no interest at all.'Why

is when followed by past perfect in sentence L, but by the simple past in sentence 2?In which sentence can you put after instead of uthen? Discuss your answer with a partner.

2 Now join these sentences together with uben or after. You may need to change the tense.

1 She saw the fly in her soup. She complained.2 The waiter brought my steak. The head waiter asked if everything was all right.3 She saw the advertisement in the estate agent's window. She went in and asked about

the flat.4 The plane took off. The terrorists announced there was a bomb on board.5 \X/e took our washing to the launderette. 'S7e had a cup of coffee.6 Our washing finished. We took it out of the machine.7 I saw the dog in front of me on the pavement. I crossed over the road.8 I picked up the newspaper. I saw the result of the election.9 She arrived at the hotel. She registered at receptron.

Planning 2

Look at the exam question. Write down five important points that you should includein your letter and five points that you do not think you should include. Look back atPlanning 1 for some ideas if you need to. Make sure you mix up the points.

Now exchange lists with a partner and see if they can identify which are the five points to beincluded.

Exam question (formal letter)

You sent for the jacket shown in the advertisement on page 86, but when it arrived it was notwhat you expected.

Read carefully the advert on which you have made some notes. Then, using this information,write a letter of complaint to the manufacturer, saying what is wrong with the jacket andwhat you want them to do about it. Your letter should be polite but firm.

Write a lelter ofbetween 120 and 180 words in an appropriate style. Do not write anyaddresses.

85

{."lrpit'i4 Customer relations

Stay dry while you work or play!!WATERPRO OF, BREATHABLE IACKET

The WEATHERMAN jacket is macle lrorl a revolutionary nes. frbricurd is gnaranteed 100% r'rterproofl The speciirl fleecy cotton lirring keeps

vou urf,rur rvhile the lantf,stic outerjacket keeps you clry - rvhatever the

* Fleec,v cottol lining to keep you u,arnr

Taped seams make it rotrlly waterproof*'Strorg, hearry-dut1 zip frstener* 1 rvo Lrrgc pocker. wirh .tuJ fa\tener.* Large zipped rnap pocket at lront

* Tightly-fitting cuffii ro keep hands

rvr rm an c1 drvt Can be rvrshed or dl.-cleaned* Sizes to 6t everyonc 36" :t0" ,+.+" .1t3"

* Attractive tlrrk blue or drrk green

At the amazing price of d42.50 (includes postage)

Weathermrn Clothilg C)olrpary, 18 Ash lld, Green Lanes Estate

Not. Eroto apuo^a s 4s

Zippod potutk

is loo

fu,o

liood is nol

fulNho"bla

Iloribla byf(jrut ulorr

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Remember your time limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within thetime limit. Look particularly at the sequence of tenses, and at any words you have used toconvey attitude.

Nol too"A

,.tafuproof

- laks in

hu'g mia

86

Urcit "t 4, Customer relations

Brief and accurate writing

Look at these three passages from letters of complaint. Which do you think is best and why?

I hrtaanfi a v'6hop v,/Lu\h l,w,l,ts vYtumo

Keep your writing as brief and accurateas possible. Don't leave out importantinformation. Don't put in unnecessaryinformation.

81

gffi Food for thought

Preview

Match the words to each picture.

butter egg orange chips burger fish steakapple tomato biscuits sugar coffee creamcarrots sweets banana

breadcflsps

Now divide the items into rwo groups:

- things which are healthy to ear

- things which are not so healthy to eat

Compare your answers in pairs.

88

ir ?S Food for thought

Planning 1

'Brainstorming'

You have:

- three minutes to add to your list of healthy foods as many things as you can

- three minutes to add to your list of unhealthy foods as many things as you can

Giving and justifying opinions

The library in your town is going to be closed. There are three plans for the building:

1 to turn it into a fast food restaurant2 to turn it into a health food caf63 to turn it into a private club

Read the following extracts from letters to the local council and do the exercises below.

ln my view a private cjub would ontyl-ui-.uO by olderpeople and a fast food restaurant by u*;;;, people sowe ought to have a health food caf6 whici could be usedby everyone

tv\t h-o)iaq is thal sufury rtp a pn'tafu cl.'ub^ is an w'dlonl idaa

i i*pri *" ial a,taj]" {a^o vo'tk il fr'y v'tant lo'

I think that a health food caf6 isbecause it would encoura ;e peo

ln mt1 opinion ahealth food cafd.rlyld.be n good iden

,urri'pr|opl, eat fnr too much rubbish these dnys'

lf soar^s ?o *,0, il^aaf paoploalr or1, in ,fhis fown.'\nlal-1^n acJz^ ,-- - l,- AA

^ rl4qa rastra,tran?s. \ &rl,"S, ,lhoruforu, is ,lha? a

fu*;|' food, ras,trattra.n( is f-ia rnosf sonsibla idoa.

89

Unit 75 Food for thought

1 Which extracts support each proposal? Write letters in the appropriate boxes.

fast food restaurant

health food caf6

private club

Make a note in the boxes below of the language used to express opinions and to givereasons.

2

expresslng oplnlons

ln 1y opinion ..,

grvrng reasons

aS

3 What do you think should happen to the old library? Write down your opinion. Givereasons to support it and reasons why you do not favour the other suggestions.

Go round the class. Read out what you have written to other students and find out whatthey think. Make brief notes on what your classmates say.

In a report you often have to givean opinion and justify it. Remember thelanguage that you will need!

90

xir ?$ Food for thought

Reporting opinions

A committee of the local council then had to write a report on how the townspeoplefelt about the different proposals. Read these extracts from the report and then do theexercises below.

Look at the table below and write letters in the appropriate column.

lluny p.opt" predicted that a fast food restaurant would

i""Ji"'""in.i.ur" in noise and litter in the town centre'

The majority of people thought that the best iaea was . ..

FOR AGAINST

fast food restaurant A

health food caf6

private club

other

How do you think sentence H should finish?

91

U*fr ?5 Food for thought

2 Look at the extracts again and list the verbs used to report opinions. Think of other verbsto add to your list.

3 Look back at the notes you made before about your classmates' opinions. Write fivesentences reporting the opinions of your classmates. (Jse some of ihe verbs from exercise 2.

Planning 2

Look at the exam question below and write down 25 words and ideas that you will need foryour composition.

Now use another planning technique to order what you have written.

Exam question (report)

Your_ school/place of work is thinking of providing new canteen facilities. TheHead/Managing Director has asked you 6 write a report on what people would like. Writeyoar report in 120-180 words commenting on:

- people's eating habits- what sort of facilities they would like- where they should be- price, etc.

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Remember your time limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within thetime limit. Look particularly at the language you use to give, iustiiy ard report opi.riorr.

Managing time in the exam

You should now have. done. some timed practice questions and be aware of how long it takesyou to plan, write and check your exam answers. Now is the time to make any final"changesto your plan.

92

{"lnit t5 Food for thought

You have to write two compositions of 120-180 words in one and a half hours. Fill in yourtime plan below.

Actiuity Minutes

reading the paper and choosingwhich two questions to answer

first composition: planning

wrltrngchecking

second composition: planning

wrrtrng

checking

final check

Make sure your time plan is clearbefore you go into the exam. It canbe flexible, but it must exist.

93

gW g Literary figures

Preview/Planning 1

What do you look for when you choose a book to read? Number the sentences below inorder of priority (1 = most important . . . 10 = least important). When you have finishedcompare your answer with a partner's.

tr It musr be cheap.

tr It must have an exciting plot.

tr It must be by a famous author.

tr It must be about the present day.

tr lt must have an atrractive cover.

tr It must have been recommended by a friend.

tr It must be long.

tr It must be non-fiction.

tr It must have interesting characters.

tr If i read the first page, it must make me want to read on.

tr Something else?

Getting the reader's attention

1 Look at the opening paragraphs of different articles below. Which ones make you want roread on? Which do you find less inreresring? Why?

I hate ]ames Bond! When I was sixteen' I saw Moonrnker

with Roger Moore as Bond' I hated.the c*,h" d1oY,l^"

clothes f," *o.", his smug smile - absolutely everything

about him. Why? We1l, where shall I start?

ry disappear,;;;;* hf_and three children? This is whatL-,,- -, JLudu uoes rn anne Tyrer, , tuai)io,iiJ:r: Hi:lot of sympathy for her and I like her O".ur." the authormakes the character and her crisis so real

94

.An1'critic.ri srudv of'the qenrn nFf,-.,.., ....-:-j_-- .,, ---. -,-l

{1+::".1il,i,;:ffi iH*Tii"l_}",j"::Jlli:?x,:liirde,heGaiman's Neyerwlmc, lvho s.rdclenly;,r;;." , new and ver] weirdu,orld beneath the streets of Londm ,"t .r",^iog.rher with a girlnamed Door, he has a series of strange

"r.orrrr.., r,vith thei,habitants of this r,vorld, resulting i"', ;;ililg advenrure srory that is

I:. ," irxightful allegory on nrodern life in the hustle and bustle of abusy capiral.

?rr i Literary figures

2

a

Look at the quotes below. Which paragraph(s) above does each quote refer to?

My favourite character in fiction is Jane Eyre' the heroine of

'. ---^-r--t,,1 ln*c srorV. I like the way Jane developsCharlotte tlro -:--r :.^.^ ^ ^^-f;.lcnr ^ndi,:il,:t;i#: .ung girl into a tonfident and

intelligent ma Rochester'

Do you agree with the quotes?

95

d-!*it 76 Literary figures

In an article your opening paragraphshould catch your reader's attention.They should sit up and take notice!

Relative clauses

Look at the sentences and underline the relative clauses.

a) The person who wrore that book lived in Antibes.b) Phillip Swallow, who is a university lecturer, travels to a conference in the United

States.

c) You would like the romantic novel which I bought for my sister.d) The book which would inreresr you most is cry The Beloued country.e) This novel, which I read lasr week, has a wonderful plot.

Answer the following questions.

a) $7hich sentences have commas around the relative clause?

b) Which relative clauses contain extra information?c) XThich relative clauses contain essential information?

Now.complete the top two lines of this table. Use your answers from question 2to help you.

2

3

Type of relative clausedefining/non-defining

Sentence letters

Extra informarion I . tbot can be used instead I . thot cannor be usedof who or which

o relative pronoun can be | . relative pronoun cannotomitted if it is the object I b. omittedof the relative clause

I. no commas | . commas are used roundthe relative clause

96

Usiit tr6 Literary figures

4 Join each of the two sentences below to make one sentence beginning with the wordsgiven and using a relative clause.

1 I liked that book by Graham Greene. I read it last month.I liked . ..

2 John Grisham is the world's best-selling author. He writes legal dramas.John Grisham ...

3 Count Fosco is a character in \Tilkie Collins' The 'Woman In lYhite. He is one ofliterature's most evil creations.Count Fosco ...

4 Jack Stanton is the 'hero' of Primary Colors. He closely resembles a real US president.Jack Stanton ...

5 My sister would like one of the books. It's the biography of Virginia 'S7oolf.

The book ...

Make sentences from the box below.

lovelike'm fond of'm not very fond ofdon't likecan't stand

peoplebooksfilmscharactersteachers

which.that ...who ..

Planning 2

Look at the exam question below. Choose the character that you are going to write about.

1 Make a list of all the important points you want to make about the person's character.2 Make a list of all the important things that the person does in the story.3 Look at your list and number the different points in order of priority.4 Decide how many different paragraphs your article will have and what each paragraph

will be about.5 Decide how to catch your reader's attention in the first paragraph.

Exam question (article)

You see this announcement in aninternational magazine.

Write your article in120-180 words. You maywrite about a characterfrom one of the set booksif you wish.

T HE I n ternq ti o nal E n g tisl, CHA R A C TERS

- IN FICTIoN Co}IPETii;;"n, "^'

!!lWin a set of c.Iassjc English novels!!!Many characters in ficti1 f

. i.,. u a.,, .' ; ; ; ;. : "r"'.',1,'.0.,J'''," ", r, ::,.J l,

-j ; :rnsprres parricularly strong feelingr,n'rorl,,*.,,.

;:,:':;:;.:'scri br ng t h''h"u't'i;;;'.;;i.;,,,

U*it ?6 Literary figures

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Remember your time limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within thattime limit. Look particularly at any relative clauses you have used.

Reading and answering the question

Look at the questions and the students' answers below. Which students read the questionproperly? Which students answered the question fully? Which students do you think will getthe highest marks? Discuss your

".,s*err.Think about a book you have read recently which did not end as you expected. Why didit not end as you expected? How did you feel about the ending? What did you think wasgoing to happen? Do you prefer the author's ending or yours?

,n +l^a<. l,,aXs hz urw^l/. nat

2 r'w Ju^* fitw,l'ril"'LaAlrt of letrs'. A+t+u a..,r, 4 t+u" br6k- Der140n,6+r^r,ut1lw d" W ,,s W +o .rtafi

^ ntuo l,r{<. , 6ou b.*. f twi t.fl

tW,'yl^L yya^U %.*b^" "it|,L l"t tv." il"rill* l;k,o..1 ,4dt rct1,/*a

1^ rw ry ,7- +),i^k +hrt .,{auU, Lta& beh a" be,fro." o&1 aaL

1 rraa nilw

'Tfu Tel.oafu,a. ru ilfl4/' lill nnt %oL ai a.t/ aa ,lL <*feiuL. ,tnA hLuta,i d, nu*trettl, ./ r;u".1<tn fu un

Trfu'ilo{", I

ati A,*rory

Remember to read the question carefullyand answer everything the question asks),ou. Underline the important parts of thequestion so that you don't forget to

98

8x g7 Stay healthy!

Preview

Find someone in your class who:

- has never been to hospital

- is a vegetarian

- takes some sort of exercise every day

- hasn't had a cold for two years

- always goes to bed before midnight

Planning 1

1 Look at this composition question.

\7hat do you think are the main reasons that people live longer now than100 years ago?

Add to the notes below:

Medical care Diet

- improved facilities

- available to more people

- people are more aware

- people eat more healthily

Fitness Educatic.tn

When you have finished your notes, compare them with a partner and discuss how youwould organise your composition.

99

iii:iii: ili;1]1r::':il.t;:lilrilili:::,,:;:1,1;!!,,::r;,liiis:i:y:i,I

ri Use bores to collect information for a

i discussion essay.tt

,i

ff f7 Stay healthy!

Writing a paragraph

1 Look at the paragraph below and match the correct label to each sentence.

One of the main reasons that people live longer is that there has been considerable progressin the field of medical care Not only have knowledge and facilities improved but medicalservices are also available to more people than ever before Many countries, for example,have national health systems which provide free treatment for the whole population Inaddition to this, people have become more aware of the importance of staying healthy As aresult, they take greater care of themselves and thus avoid many fatal illnesses and diseases

example of illustration 2

illustration 3

result of illustration 3

illustrations 1 and 2

toprc sentence

Paragraphs usually consist of a topic sentence (see Unit 11) and illustrations anddevelopment of the point made in the topic sentence.

2 Looking atyour notes in Planning 1, write another paragraph that might appear in youranswer to the composition question.

When you have written it, exchange paragraphs with your partner and see if they canlabel each sentence in a similar way to the exercise above.

Think about how you organise yoursentences into paragraphs.

Sentence 1

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

Sentence 4

Sentence 5

,rrr: . !il .:ii . 1,ri..1;, i ;r.",,,,..irlrrrrij.te:;i.rr"r.:ri,.ir.;r-..j tir-...::rir;..t:rrrr.riirr.i.ii..:r:ii,;i.ii,rr:..iiii

iil

)21

,11

!itiir:r!:,ii

xt

:i

100

,r,,,i;';!irili-;,j.rrlrii,.rr.a:,;e,:iirra..ri:liitit::!!!.r:rr.r::rt:i;l;:itti,i.:rrrtr.:rtr:1)]:1r,isr.rf;lrtri:!:;rriil

2

Unlt"iT Stay healthyl

lnversion

Study this sentence taken from the paragraph in exercise 1 on page 100.

Not only have knowledge and facilities improved but medical services are also available tomore people than ever before

The writer could also have put:

Knowledge and facilitles have not only improved but medical services are also available tomore people than ever before

What is the difference between these two sentences?

In each sentence below underline the inversion of the subject and the verb and circle thephrase which causes that inversion.

3 Now write a short and colourful paragraphabout an imaginary and particularly unhealthyperson. [Jse some of the phrases above.

Planning 2Look at the exam question on page 102. Use the table to help you organise your ideas.When you have finished compare your notes with a partner. Decide how you will organiseyour composition.

101

it 'tX Stay healthy!

Exam question (discussion essay)

You have been having a discussion in class about the caring professions and why peoplechoose to become doctors and nurses. Your teacher has asked you to write a compositiongiving your views on the following question:

Why do you think people want to become doctors and nurses?

Write your composition in 120-180 words.

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Remember your time limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work within thetime limit. Look particularly at the structure of your paragraphs and any inversions youhave used.

Checking in the exam

In the exam, which mistakes are you particularly going to look out for? Look back overyour last few compositions and note down what sort of mistakes you make most often.

In the exam you don't have very much time to check, so make sure you look especially at theareas where you are most likely to go wrong.

Check especially for the mistakes youknow you make most often.

r:i

102

&W g Sport for all!

Preview

Work in pairs or small groups. Decide if the following are sports or games or neither.

chess football fishing rowing table tenniscrosswords swimming hunting juggling joggingkarate cycling yoga bridge poker

Try and define a sport and a game.

Planning 1

What, for you, are the most important aspects of any sport or leisure activity? Number thesentences below in order of priority (1 = most important ......... 10 = least important). Whenyou have finished compare your answer with a partner.

E It must be cheap.

E It must make me think.

E It must involve hard physical activity.

E It must involve meeting other people socially.

E It must be something I can do on my own or with only a few other people.

E I must be able to do it at or near my home.

E lt must be comperitive.

E It must be a ball game.

E It must be something I can continue to do when I get older.

E It must involve animals.

Combining information

Read the two leaflets and summarise the information in the table on page 105.

103

Unit ?8 Sport for all!

Come and visit the NEW L00I( Barton Sports Centre

(incorporating the BEACT|VAIEfitness centre)

Afterathreemonthclosureforredecorationandrefitting,theBartonSportscentre is pleased,o"u"n-*rn"e that it will be reopening on uly 14th with

;it,;; and dynamic new facilities and courses'

o sQUrsH - H:lJ::: ;il;m'jffiH:lxx1lli?J:;H::['uP to one week in advance'

O T,[I GHI - keep fighting fit while learning the ancient chinese art

of self defence' il'i;;"* "ouit" rs for besinners onlv'

Wednesday and Friday mornings from 10-12'30'

oR0ttERHoGIGY_within-lineorordinaryskates.Participantsmusthavesome exper'"n"" of skating' This season promises to

be very exciting al tf''" t"ui' *ill' for the first time' play

in a local r"ug'L' i'uining Wednesday and Friday

evenings 6-8 o'm' Matches at weekends'

And our usual activities continue:

TheFooTBII,I,teamwillmeetonTuesdayeveningsfortrainingandonFridayevenings for a match' New talent is always welcome'

TheGYGI,INGsquadshavecontinueddespiteourclos.u.reandtherearestillafew places left' Wednesday afternoontl-s p'm' or Friday evenings 6-8 p'm'

The joggers go I0GGING every afternoon from 3 p'm' and new members are

alwaYs welcome to join them'

COME ALONG AND JOIN US AT

Tne NEW Ir00[ Barton SPorts Centre

104

i* 'g Sport for all!

Cotro- (o

J ''rQ- irr (otnlaarrd .bo,s( ft4-..e-ss c-a"'^t

flEACT|VAIEis now part of ttre NEItrI t00K Barton Sports centre)

Enrol now on our new courses:

o YOGA: The relaxing-*uY to i"'l-t:-" physical and mental fitness" Come

along on a Monday mormng itO a'm't or a Tuesday evenrng

(6 P'm')'

o tuDo: rhe classic JJT,}",H; l,l't;lltYour mindat 11 a'm''

o AEROBICS: Music' movement'.and muscle tone' Fun and fitness at the same

time' Come and join u' on u tttotsday' Mornings at 11 a'm''

evenings at 8 P'm'

oBADMINTON;Ifyoudon'tknowhow-toplay'comealongandlearn'Wednesday

"'Ln'ng' onlY - from 6 P'm'

. wErGHrsj t#::Ti:*:'l?H"J$J,1:x["i,::vo,,r,unoa suitable Prograr e'

Monday Tuesday \X/ednesday Tbursday Friday

mo_rnlng

urabtcs ll- a.m.

afternoon

evenrng

badr in%n

lrom 6 p.ru'.

105

{."rnJf 7 Sport for all!

You may need to combine informationfrom different sources - especiallyin Part 1.

Verbs which take the gerund and/or infinitive

1 Look at the following pairs of sentences. Underline the -ing and infinitive forms.

Find the incorrect sentences. (Sometimes both sentences in a pair are right.) Look at theother sentences and decide if there is any difference in meaning when the verb is followedby a gerund and when it's followed by an infinitive.

1 a) He began to run after the doctor had told him to get fit.b) She began running in 197 5 when she went to school.

2 a) She isn't very keen on sport generally, but she enjoys swimming.

b) She enjoys to swim in the morning when the pool is empty.

3 a) They tried to walk faster but the wind was too strong.

b) Their feet were cold so they tried walking faster.

4 a) \7hen I got to the top of the hill I stopped to look at the view.

b) \7hen I noticed the time, I stopped looking at the view and set off home.

5 a) Jim promised to play football with me on Saturday afternoon.

b) Although the weather was terrible, he promised playing football with me.

6 a) She continued cycling even though her legs ached.

b) She continued to cycle until she was 86.

2 Now put the verbs from the sentences above into one of the boxes below.

verbs which only take -ing verbs which only taketo + infinitive

verbs which take -ing orto + infinitive with nochange in meaning

verbs which take -ing orto + infinitive with a

change in meaning

106

[fil# fS Sport for all!

3 Now write down:

- a sport you enjoy doing- something you neyer remember to do- a place you want to visit- a book you intend to read- a terrible meal you remember eating

Compare your answers with a partner.

Now add these verbs to the boxes on pagecome across them.

106. Continue adding (to add) verbs as you

Planning 2

Think back over the time you have been using this book and make a list of all the differenttechniques you have used to practise planning your compositions. Try and remember themall - but when you get stuck, have a look at the Contents page.

Is there any technique you use more than the others? If so, which? Are there any techniquesyou don't use? Compare and discuss your answers with a partner.

Read the exam question on page 108 and choose one or more of the techniques you havediscussed to plan your answer.

107

it n Sport for all!

Choose planning techniques which areappropriate to the exam question youchoose to answer.

Exam question (formal letter)

The NEITI [00K BARTON SPORTS CENTRE has just reopened and is asking its customersto make suggestions for improving the activities they offer.

Look at the note from the NEW t00K BARTON SPORTS CENTRE and the REACTIVATEfitness centre and the timetable of their activities with the notes that you have made.Then write a letter to the Director of the sports centre making suggestions forimprovements. ( 120-180 words)

INVITATIONThe management of the NEIII t00I( BARTON SPORTS CENTREand the BEACTIVATE fitness centre invites all its customers towrite in with comments and suggestions on the service andthe activities we provide. We look forward to hearing from youat your convenience.

108

should havo dass

litru, badr infun

\10t3 sr^all 0r patu

rvrorU oftU ho"t abool Na^i^q

sossio^s - lit;-0, iod,o?

ir ?S Sport for all!

^o Pro1ran\N\o, a( ,,MkLndS - .ity ao(?

- nothi,t3 for boSinnots

- skafu hirul

lmproving your work

Checking and polishing

Remember your time limit for checking in the exam. Check through your work withinthat limit.

You should now feel confident abouttackling the writing activities in theFirst Certificate. Remember what youhave learnt and . .. Good luck!

":, .::

\ Monday Tuesday \X/ednesday Tbursday \ Friday

morning \ yoga 10 a.m. judo L1 a.m.

sqttash

T'ai Cbi10-12.30

squash

aerobics

11 a.m.

squash

Yr"--%@-" to-,

squash

afternoon ueight training2-5 p.m.

jogging from3 p-*.

squash

weight training2-5 p.m.

jogging from3 p.*.

squash

trammg2-5 p.m.

jogging from3 p.*.

cycling 3-5

squash

weigbt training2-5 p.m.

jogging from3 p.*-

squash

tueight training2-5 p.m.

logging from3 p.*.

squash

evenlng judo 7 p.m.

squash

footballtralntng

yoga 6 p.m.

sqwash

badminton

from 6 p.m.

roller hocketr

6-8 p.m.

squash

judo 7 p.m.

aerobics 8 p.m.

squash

cycling6-8 p.m.

roller hockey

6-8 p.m.

football match

squash

109

Unit 18 Sport for all!

The future

Where do you go from here? You probably won't stop learning English or learning to writeEnglish even if you have taken the First Certificate.

Work with a partner and discuss how you might continue learning English. Here are somesuggestions:

- Enrol in another class.

- Think about taking a higher exam: Oxford HigherCambridge AdvancedCambridge Proficiency

- Find a penfriend in an English-speaking country.- Join a library which has English books and read one a month.- I(eep a diary in English.

- Study in an English-speaking country.- Start an English newsletter with your friends.

Make two resolutions and write them helow.

110

Are

1

Z

3

4567B

910

ffis w e6Kl-X8

How much do you know about the exam?

the following questions about Paper 2 true or false?

You haye to do three tasks.You are given one and a half hours for the whole paper.You can use English-English dictionaries.One of the questions could ask you to writeIn Part 2 you have to write a letter.You have a choice of question in Part 1.

a speech.

You must answer a question about the set book.You will have to use the information provided in Part 1.The examiners will count each mistake.It's important to be aware of the number of words you write.

'flow diagram'/order of events

order of priority

listing questions

'spidergraph'

listing advantages and disadvantages

questionnaires

'brainstorming'

selecting points

'headlights'

openlng sentences

boxes

How much do you remember about planning?

In this book you have practised eleven different techniques for helping you to plan yourwriting tasks. Some planning techniques will help you with particular types oftask. Matchthe technique on the left with the type(s) of composition onihe right thai you might use itfor. One has been done for you.

NAITATIVCS

descriptions

articles

letters

reports

discussion essays

all types of task

111

^ .." ."*:tg vv **/ri

How much do you remember about the Exam Tips?Work in pairs. Look at the key words and phrases below and together recall some of theadvice given throughout the book. One has been done for you.

brief and accurate writingET 34, Unit 14

. be brief and accurate

. don't leave out anything importanto don't put in anything unnecessary

112

ffg w esc?it

How prepared are you?

1 Look at the questions below. For each one:

a) identify the rype of wriring requiredb) decide what planning technique(s) you would use.

1 A parcel that was posted to you one month ago has not arrived. Write to the PostOffice explaining the situation, describing the parcel and its contenrs, and saying whereit was sent from. \7rite your letter in 120-180 words. Do not write any addresses.

2 A local magazine in your town called Tbe English Speaker is holding a shorr-storycompetition. A prize will be given for the best story beginning with the words 'Themoment we met I knew something extraordinary would happen.'\7rite your shortstory in 120-180 words.

3 Your class have been discussing the advantages and disadvantages of moderntelecommunications (cellphones, fax, e-mail, etc.). Your teachei has asked you all tosummarise the arguments and give your opinion by writing the following composition.

'Discuss and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of moderntelecommunications.'

Xfrite your composition in 120-180 words.

4 Your class is producing a guide to caf6s and restaurants in your area. You have beenasked to write a report for the guide on one of your favourite places. Write your reportin 120-180 words.

2 Now compare your answers with your partner's. Then:

a) note down any particular language you might needb) plan the composition you would write.

113

'-. "',-..*

How good are you at polishing your work?

The letter below was written in answer to the task in Unit 3. Look back at the question,read the letter and make whatever changes you think necessary to improve it.

Read through the letter again and note the good points about the letter.

11+ V'[ookfuc1,<- RoadOrfurd O\z +Agtzlh fibrrtaS 1111

Xpo,, Sirt

ho,.trs of E,13lish is il pu utukrQt ,nqn(hg, ,,thu tan I s%*?.

Joo Ji\/a, ,.o, lha. aracl fu, fo, all

^r ,,*!,.pleoso,, loll ^o ,:o* abo* trha \pa of w.ummodahoaand il i( is indodpd i^ tha-

PnQ,.I ar look:,tg fur,,tard lo jortr ruspo^s;,.

You.s far{i"fu!Carolo, ?oinlo,-aao

Note: You do not need to write addresses in the exam.

Don't panic in the exam!! You have practisedall the language and writing skills you need.Stop and think! Use the skills you have learnt. "\\\",,\

:A;

114