Cambridge Entry Tests

8/13/2019 Cambridge Entry Tests

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Test One

Part 2

For questions 16-25 , read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines toform a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning ( 0).

A Roman Liner

One day last summer, a swimming (0) .......................... hunting for octopus in a bay off INSTRUCTthe coast of Sicily after a storm made a remarkable (16) .......................... . When he DISCOVER dived to the sea bed, he found a whole host of valuable items that had been lyingburied in the sand for two thousand years. The local archaeology department toldhim that he had made one of the most (17) .......................... finds for years. SIGNThe works of art that have since been revealed all came from a Roman cruise shipthat sank in a storm and is now lying only a few metres from the shore at a(18) .......................... of no more than four metres. DEEP

Ever since then, archaeologists have been working in the utmost (19) .......................... SECRETto rescue the treasures, fearing that if their work became known to (20) .......................... TOUR at a (21) ....... ...... ....... ...... holiday camp, the site could be damaged. NEAR

Roman aristocrats were fond of going for pleasure cruises in large ships thatthey constructed to impress their friends. They usually did so in calm weather butthis early liner was (22) ...... ....... ...... ....... caught in a sudden storm and driven into the APPEAR bay, which has a sinister reputation because of the (23) .......................... sands lying out SHIFTof (24) ...... ...... ....... ...... . under the water. Yet the sands that wrecked the vessel have SEEalso been the means of its preservation, and as the leader of the excavating teamremarked, it is poetic (25) ...... ....... ...... ....... that a storm destroyed the ship and another JUSTstorm has exposed it.

instructor

Example: 0 I N S T R U T O R C

www.new-editions.com

Cambridge Proficiency Entry Tests


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Part 3

Test One

For questions 26-37 , read the two texts below and decide which answer ( A, B, C or D ) best fits each gap.

Data you cant rub out We all have secrets, but once we have filed them away with a (26) ....... saying Private stuck on thefolder, we may imagine that is the end of the (27) ....... . Now that most of us working in offices havecomputers and are in the habit of committing our thoughts to the machine, we may imagine thatpressing the delete key will be enough to destroy the (28) ....... . The fact is, however, that hitting

delete does not actually destroy data; it merely removes the (29) ....... to it. If the data is everrecovered, this may have serious (30) ....... for an employee. An American judge argues that it is theintention that counts, and what you have deleted should not be held against you. But for the time(31) ......., you would be wise not to type your personal opinion of your boss into your computer!

26 A bill B ticket C label D title27 A subject B matter C topic D argument

28 A disclosure B identity C evidence D indication29 A reference B direction C relation D source30 A products B effects C consequences D results31 A now B meanwhile C being D present




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Take care of your HedgehogsHedgehogs are those friendly little creatures mostly covered in sharp spines that (32) ....... up into aball when they are threatened, which is enough to (33) ....... all but the most persistent predators.They are mainly nocturnal animals and sleep for most of the winter under (34) ....... of leaves orunderneath logs so you may not notice them very often in your garden, but if you are lucky enough tohave a family in residence, they are a very efficient, economical (35) ....... to pesticides. Hedgehogseat a wide variety of pests and keep them under control. Unfortunately, they are often killed by(36) ....... when people thoughtlessly plunge a fork into leaves. If you want them to help you to keep

your garden free from pests, leave an area of long grass unmown where they can live (37) ....... .

32 A roll B fold C gather D turn33 A entangle B deter C intercept D prevent

34 A bunches B piles C knots D stocks35 A substitute B exchange C replacement D alternative36 A hazard B accident C luck D fate37 A unmolested B unspoilt C uninhibited D inconvenienced

Test One




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Test One

A Hollywood added to the legends. Mountie filmsbecame a genre. The first was made in 1909 andthe most famous was Rose Marie . Tom Mix, GaryCooper and Alan Ladd were among many stars wh o do nned the scar le t tu nic. Nowadays ,television takes up the story with the series Due

South , though this is a good deal less respectfulthan the movies.

B But at last the Mounties reached their goal, ranup the Union flag, and declared the arrival of lawand order. They built Fort Walsh (todayreconstructed as a museum), the first of manyoutposts constructed throughout the Canadian wilderness. The city of Calgary, for example,began as a Mounted Police fort in 1875.

C The immediate aim of the March West was tostop American whisky traders ruining CanadianIndian tribes with liquor. The larger purpose was to establish the author ity of the infantCanadian government in the vast wilderness of the north-west. Although the danger of American expansion across the border had bythen receded, Canadians nevertheless felt they would not be taken seriously if they failed toassert their presence and sovereignty there.

D Right from the start the Mounted Police worescarlet jackets. Some thought at the time thatthe red tunics were inappropriate dress for theprairies, but they made the Mountiesdistinctively different from the Americanfrontier forces. Officers were sworn in as

justices of the peace so that the Mounties werecomplete and self-contained, the law onhorseback.

E No police force in the world enjoys such iconicstatus. The Mountie is part of Canadas public

face, up there with the Rockies and the MapleLeaf. And in the popular idea of the Mounties foursquare, moral, conciliatory manyCanadians fancy that they see a reflection of their own identity. The image of the Mountiein his familiar red coat is on posters,postcards, key r ings, whisky, beer, jam,toothpaste and toys.

F French knew that if he did not change his plans,many of his men would not survive. He still had along way to go. So he divided his force.

G Living up to these precepts, they managed theYukon gold rush with a firm hand, determinedthat there would be none of the saloons of the American frontier. In the Arctic, they learnedfrom the Eskimos, whom they admired, howto travel, hunt and survive. And so theirlegend grew.

H In July 1874, 275 officers and men set out fromFort Dufferin, south of Winnipeg to march 800miles (1,300 km) to the whisky traderssettlement. With over 100 wagons and ox cartsand hundreds of horses and cattle, their jauntystride was accompanied from the fort by themusic of Auld Lang Syne .




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Test One

Part 5You are going to read an article about people who discover and develop perfumes. For questions 45-50 , choose theanswer ( A , B , C or D ) which you think fits best according to the text.

Tired, scratched and soaked with sweat, the hunters beginto think about turning back. Theyve slogged up and downthe steep paths of this Madagascan forest since dawn. Timeis running out. Dusk is falling and they still havent caughtsight of their quarry. Suddenly they stop. One of the menlifts his head and sniffs. He scans the undergrowth in the

deepening gloom, and suddenly he spots what theyve beenlooking for. There, hidden beneath some leaves at noseheight is a tiny spike of flowers, the whole bunch no biggerthan a thumbnail. Within minutes, the hunters have settheir trap. All they have to do now is wait. Next morning,there in the trap is a rare catch, a new sort of smell. For themen in the Madagascan forest are perfume hunters. Andinstead of rifles they are armed with nothing more sinisterthan a few glass jars, a couple of pumps and some siliconetubing as they search for new and exciting fragrances tomake our lives smell sweeter.

Perfumers have to keep abreast of changing fashions. Thesedays they have several thousand ingredients to choose from when creating new scents, but there is always demand fornew combinations. The bigger the palette of smells, thebetter the perfumers chance of creating something fresh andappealing. Even with everyday products such as shampooand soap, kitchen cleaners and washing powders, consumersare becoming increasingly fussy. And many of todaysfragrances have to survive tougher treatment than everbefore, resisting the destructive power of bleach or a high-temperature wash cycle. Chemists can create new smellsfrom synthetic molecules, and a growing number of theodours on the perfumers palette are artificial. But nature hasbeen in the business far longer.

Last October, Quest International, a company thatdevelops fragrances for everything from the mostdelicate perfumes to cleaning products , sent anexpedition to Madagascar in pursuit of some of naturesmost novel fragrances. With some simple technology anda fair amount of ingenuity, they bagged 20 promising newaromas. The technology allows the team to gatherfragrances as they waft from a flower or leaf, capturingthe mixture of volatile molecules that make up the smell while leaving the plant itself undisturbed. But capturingthe smell is just the start of a long process. Back at thelaboratory, the chemists must identify the componentchemicals and then try to recreate the original odourfrom materials closer to hand. First, though, you mustcatch some likely new odours. Each day the team trailedup and down paths and animal tracks, exploring the thick vegetation up to 10 metres either side of the trail.

With most flowers or fruits, the hunters used a techniqueoriginally designed to trap and identify air pollutants. Thetechnique itself is relatively simple. A glass bell jar or flask isfitted over the flower. The fragrance molecules are trappedin this headspace and can be extracted by pumping the airout over a series of filters which absorb different types of volati le molecules. Back home in the laboratory, themolecules are flushed out of the filters and injected into a gaschromatograph for analysis. If it is impossible to attach the

headspace gear, hunters fix an absorbent probe close to thesource of the smell. The probe looks something like ahypodermic syringe, except that the needle is made of silicone rubber which soaks up molecules from the air. Aftera few hours, the hunters retract the rubber needle and sealthe tube, keeping the odour molecules inside until they canbe injected into the gas chromatograph in the laboratory.

The moist mountain forest is a far cry from the perfumehouses of Paris or Manhattan, but the sweat and insect bitespaid dividends. Those tiny Dichapetalum flowers discoveredin the dusk had a peachy, coconutty smell. Higher up themountain, the hunters found an even fruitier fragrance. Itcame from a green golf-ball-sized fruit, very popular with thelocal lemurs. The fruits were from a large Chrysophyllumtree. And the smell? It was like some supercharged pear. Analysts showed that the fragrance contains many of thesame ingredients as a pear, but with a lot of extras.

Some of the most promising fragrances were those given off by resins that oozed from the bark of trees. Resins are thesource of many traditional perfumes, including frankincenseand myrrh. The most exciting resin came from a Calophyllumtree, which produces a strongly scented medicinal oil. Thesap of this Calophyllum smelt rich and aromatic, a little likechurch incense. But it also smelt of something the fragranceindustry has learnt to live without, castoreum, a substanceextracted from the musk glands of beavers and once a keyingredient in many perfumes. The company does not useanimal products any longer, but it was wonderful to find atree with an animal smell.

Before the odour-seekers left the forest, there was one otherfragrance they were determined to capture. MontagneDAmbre is famous for its waterfalls. The Grande Cascadedrops some 80 metres from a green lake past lushly vegetated cliffs. Like everything else in the forest, the fallshave a distinctive smell. To a group of fragrance hunters,this was a new challenge. Could they capture the essence of a waterfall? Using the same technique, the team were ableto identify some of the odorous ingredients. There werefamiliar materials, mainly from trees and plants upstream, with resins, leaves, bark and moss from the plants growingaround the falls.

The Perfume Hunters




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Test One

45 The perfume hunters were equipped to catch

A animals.B plants.C flowers.D scents.

46 What was the object of the hunters search?

A A new combination of scents found in a flower.B Increasing the range of scents perfumers can choose from.C A flower with a scent strong enough to withstand modern chemicals.D A natural product to substitute for artificial odours they had created.

47 How do the hunters obtain what they are looking for?

A By identifying the plant producing the odour and sending it for analysis.B By picking plants on either side of the path or using pins to release their odour.C By trapping the plants in a glass jar or pricking them with a rubber needle.D By conveying the scent to a receptive surface or using a tool that sucks it in.

48 The bunch of flowers referred to at the beginning

A had a scent that smelt like a fruit and a nut.B had a stronger smell of fruit than any other.C was about the size of a golf ball.D smelt rather like a pear.

49 The hunters were particularly interested in the Calophyllum tree because it

A smelt like the presents two of the Three Kings gave the baby Jesus.B could be employed to prepare incense for use in church.C had a smell like an ingredient no longer available to them.D could replace a substance at present taken from animals.

50 What gave the waterfall its distinctive smell?

A The lake above it.B The vegetation on the cliffs beside it.C Material from the lake combined with the surrounding vegetation.D Plants floating in the water.



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