CAMBODIA: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM & EREFORM...

CAMBODIA: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE CAMBODIA: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE

REFORM & EREFORM & E--GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

1-3 DECEMBER, SEOUL, REPUBLIC OF KOREA1-3 DECEMBER, SEOUL, REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Presentation by: THUN BunthoeunPresentation by: THUN Bunthoeun

Council for Administrative Reform (CAR), Council for Administrative Reform (CAR),

CambodiaCambodia

ContentContent

�� IntroductionIntroduction

�� Administrative ReformAdministrative Reform

�� Public Service Delivery & ICT PromotionPublic Service Delivery & ICT Promotion

�� EE--government Policygovernment Policy

�� ChallengesChallenges

�� JICA & JICA & NiDANiDA Survey Report (2009)Survey Report (2009)

�� ConclusionConclusion

2Capacity Development Program on Local e-Government, Seoul, Korea

IntroductionIntroduction

General Status InformationGeneral Status Information

Area (Sq.Kms): 181,035

Population (2010 est.): 14,453,680

Pop. growth rate (2010 est.): 1.7%

Pop. Below poverty (2004): 31%

Literacy (read &write): 73.6%

(male: 84.7%,

female: 64.1% 2004est.)

GDP (2009): USD10.8 billion

GDP Per capita (2009): USD1,900

� The mass destruction and genocide of the Pol Pot

regime have destroyed the human and institutional

capacity of the Country.

� The present Administration is the results of peace

and reconciliation imperatives and a direct

consequence of the Win-Win strategy to unify the

Administration in early 1999. Administration in early 1999.

� Various administrations were unified into one Public

Administration.

� The Royal Government wants to deepen and widen

the Administrative Reform building on significant

and sustainable achievements to date to transform

“public administratorspublic administrators” into “service providersservice providers”.


Administrative Reform 2004Administrative Reform 2004--

20082008

Service Delivery

Improvement

Enhance Pay & PMG

Capacity

Promote ICTPromote ICT

Enhance Pay &

Employment PMGCapacity

Development

Serving People BetterServing People Better


Goal: Goal: Serving People BetterServing People Better for the wellbeing of citizens

and the prosperity of the Nation

Target: Target: The Public Administration becomes an effective

Public Service provider

Through:Through:

TransparencyTransparency

Administrative Reform 2009Administrative Reform 2009--20132013

Through:Through:

ResponsivenessResponsiveness EfficiencyEfficiency

LoyaltyLoyaltyMotivationMotivation

Culture of ServiceCulture of ServiceProfessionalismProfessionalism


•• The National Program for Administrative ReformThe National Program for Administrative Reform is designed to:

– Gradually change attitude and behavior

– Enhance human and institutional performance and accountability

– Develop human and institutional capacity to implement and sustain

– Mobilize and deploy requisite resources for – Mobilize and deploy requisite resources for implementation

•• National Program for Administrative Reform is not National Program for Administrative Reform is not involving directly with Einvolving directly with E--government, but it partly government, but it partly contributes to Econtributes to E--government through the government through the promotion of ICT in delivery of public servicespromotion of ICT in delivery of public services


Public Service Delivery and ICT Public Service Delivery and ICT

PromotionPromotion

The objective of promoting ICT is to rapidly

enhance the responsiveness and efficiency of

service delivery processes both in the “back

office” and the “front office”, and also to office” and the “front office”, and also to

enhance transparency and accountability of

those processes


SituationSituation• ICT is powerful instrument of reform, both by enhancing

efficiency (doing more with less) and changing the way government delivers services

• ICT enhances capacity – improving access to information related to service delivery systems

• To date, Administrative Reform has focused on • To date, Administrative Reform has focused on Improving delivery of public serviceImproving delivery of public service through developing and implementing HRMIS (Human Resource Management through the Information System); Computerized delivery of public services: Automated Payroll, Compendium of Information on Public services


HRMISHRMIS

� HRMIS functionality and accessibility to manage and control the establishment – enhancing online access, improving budgetary control and skills management, and streamlining HR processes e.g. retirement; extended information field for new application e.g. training needs (on the way)training needs (on the way)

� HRMIS center allowing access and manipulation by ministries (still under-construction)

� For maintenance and operation of HRMIS, train system administrators and end users across government (in the plan)


Computerizing Delivery of Computerizing Delivery of

Public ServicesPublic Services1. Automated payroll for all public servants –

computerization is efficiency tool in compiling

statistics, processing large quantities of data,

facilitating access and ease of use – accurate and facilitating access and ease of use – accurate and

on time

2. Compendium of information on public service

(at first stage): set information standards on

public services as document for service users and

providers (underway), then pose on CAR website,

and other ministries’ websites


EE--government policygovernment policy

� Within Cambodia, NiDA (National ICT Development Authority) is the authority making ICT policy and strategies to promote ICT for all public institutions, private sector and government ministries, especially to organize and administrate the e-government.organize and administrate the e-government.

� The Cambodian government has already launched e-government for all ministries. This e-government initiative allows to share information and exchange documents within and between ministries, and to create the national database for the country.

� However, Cambodia is just in the early stage of ICT development


�� Promoting the use of modern technologies to enable to Promoting the use of modern technologies to enable to

respond to the current needs in all the sectors.respond to the current needs in all the sectors.

�� In the short run, ICT is used to serve and to meet the dayIn the short run, ICT is used to serve and to meet the day--toto--day day

National ICT policy

� In 2003, the government adopted a policy to use ICT as a potential In 2003, the government adopted a policy to use ICT as a potential

enabler for national socioenabler for national socio--economic and social development.economic and social development.

�� In the short run, ICT is used to serve and to meet the dayIn the short run, ICT is used to serve and to meet the day--toto--day day

needs of the people.needs of the people.

�� Promote the use of ICT in public sector to provide quick Promote the use of ICT in public sector to provide quick

response, efficiency, transparency and good governance.response, efficiency, transparency and good governance.

��Cambodian ICT policy follows with the digital divide opportunity Cambodian ICT policy follows with the digital divide opportunity

which focuses on 5 core development agendas.which focuses on 5 core development agendas.


e-Government System:

Vertical Enhancement

Towards Entire

e-Government

E-Government development plan

Network Infrastructure:

Horizontal Expansion

P-WAN

Pr-WAND-WAN

V-WAN

Keys

P-WAN: Phnom PenhWAN (existing) (1)

Pr-WAN: Provinces WAN (23)

D-WAN: DistrictsWAN (185)

C-WAN: Communes WAN (1,622)

V-WAN: Villages WAN (13,866)

C-WAN

Towards Entire G-WAN

e-Government

System


Objectives

� To improve productivity and efficiency of clerical work at governmental offices (Back Office Service)

� To provide better services to private enterprises and citizens (Front Office Service)

� To create data bases containing various types of information that people need and can get access at any place and at any time

� To promote development of industry� To promote development of industry

� To strengthen Good Governance and broaden citizen participation

� To strengthen the legal system and law enforcement

�� Most importantly is to generate revenuesMost importantly is to generate revenues


Two eTwo e--Government projects Government projects have been adopted

and implemented

� Government Administrative Information System

(GAIS) to computerize the administrative

processes – made through concession loan from

the govt of the Republic of Korea for 2 years

development in 2002 & 2 years maintenance in development in 2002 & 2 years maintenance in

2004

� Provincial Administrative Information System

(PAIS) – extended from GAIS to provinces in

which 10 provinces are under pilots


Key applications for GAIS: Key applications for GAIS:

� Electronic Approval System: to allow ministries to exchange document internally and externally, paperless office, fast & easy administrative affairs – electronic approval, electronic mail, online posting information, storing & managing documents

� Real Estate Registration: to keep track real estate transaction including price & tax paid

� Resident Registration: to keep track of resident, family composition & jobs for compulsory education for school age children & collecting income tax

� Vehicle Registration: to keep track of vehicle ownership, tax paid & safety inspectionsafety inspection

� Presence of government on the World Wide Web: govt. national homepage provides information about govt., Cambodia, King, PM, Senate, National Assembly, govt. organizations, and other news

� E-visa application via Ministry of Foreign Affairs – 3 working days processing

� Initial revenue generation and better govt image and services achieved, as compared to before that was inconsistent and unable to control or verify report, losing documents, time spent (according to report of HE Phu Leewood, Secretary General of NiDA)


ChallengesChallenges

• Competent public administration to meet constantly evolving needs of the people, and international competitiveness

• The change of behavior and attitude of public servants

• Rule of law in the framework of effective public service provider and accountability

• Coordinating sectoral reforms with national reforms• Coordinating sectoral reforms with national reforms

• Harmonizing and aligning development partner support

• Increasing salary for civil servants and career progression perspective

• Financial resource mobilization, and management, development and deployment of human resources to sustain implementation


JICA & JICA & NiDANiDA survey report (2009)survey report (2009)

� Survey on ICT development in some

ministries shows mixed results (widened gap)

– some stayed or reached score level of

“advanced”, “average”, “behind”“advanced”, “average”, “behind”

� Low score level due to: unawareness of use of

ICT, no nomination of high rank officer for

responsibility, and less budget allocation for

ICT development


Some challenges can be drawn from the survey:Some challenges can be drawn from the survey:

� ICT management unit/personnel: unready (understanding concept, retaining skilled ICT personnel, salary & incentives, women engagement)

� Leadership in ICT promotion: long-term commitment & cooperation (negative attitude towards ICT usage, inadequate authority of ICT personnel (empowerment), lack collaboration across govt agencies (duplication), information sharing on personal relationship)

� ICT literacy (half of govt staff basic skills, unwilling practice)� ICT literacy (half of govt staff basic skills, unwilling practice)

� Lack of basic infrastructure: National Information Infrastructure is needed for safe, secure and cost benefit

� Lack of expertise: for Local Area Network & Wide Area Network for inter-ministry, ICT equipment procurement to ensure quality control and standards

� Difficulties internal and external resources funding in ICT promotion – low capacity to create proposals


ConclusionConclusion

• Though there’re some challenges, Cambodia’s moving slowly on the right direction

• Changing behavior and attitudes need time, and reform need cautious analysis on the impact

• Though there’s gap across govt agencies, but the notion of ICT development is penetrated & spreading

• The Government should take a lead in infrastructure and the related utilities development to pave the way and the related utilities development to pave the way forward

• Private sector should play a key partnership role in building the information society, and should be encouraged

• To assure the sustainability of reform and implementation, necessary measurements, regulations, and laws should be in place.


THANKS FOR YOUR THANKS FOR YOUR

ATTENTION!ATTENTION!


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