Cambodia: PSIA of Cambodia: PSIA of Social Land Concession Social Land Concession

Program – Lessons Program – Lessons LearnedLearned

Third International Third International Roundtable – Managing for Roundtable – Managing for

Development ResultsDevelopment ResultsHanoi, VietnamHanoi, VietnamFebruary 2007February 2007

Srey ChanthyIndependent Consultant – Agriculture &

Land

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OutlineOutline

1.1. Key featuresKey features2.2. How PSIA complements other approachesHow PSIA complements other approaches3.3. Relevance of technical, institutional and Relevance of technical, institutional and

political aspectspolitical aspects4.4. How PSIA strengthens results orientation in How PSIA strengthens results orientation in

design and implementation of the programdesign and implementation of the program5.5. How to strengthen incorporation of results How to strengthen incorporation of results

into policy making processinto policy making process6.6. How PSIA strengthen mutual and domestic How PSIA strengthen mutual and domestic

accountabilityaccountability7.7. Challenges in capacity development and Challenges in capacity development and

institutionalization of PSIAinstitutionalization of PSIA8.8. Lessons learnedLessons learned

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1. Key features: Objective 1. Key features: Objective and focusand focus

Objective: Determine the poverty and social impacts of Objective: Determine the poverty and social impacts of land distribution and the conditions for the successful land distribution and the conditions for the successful realization and sustainability of potential benefitsrealization and sustainability of potential benefits

Focus:• Extent and reasons for landlessness and

land-poverty• Institutional and policy issues• Availability of support services and infrastructure• Potential availability of land for distribution• Potential poverty and social impacts

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1. Key 1. Key featurfeatur

es:es:PPrroocceessss

First meetings with stakeholders (May 2003)

‘Concept Note’ for the PSIA

Discussions with potential research partners

Proposed studies were presented at a workshop

(October 2003)

Small workshop on methodological approach

(November 2003)

Fieldwork (December 2003)

Draft reports on individual parts

Workshop to present and discuss main findings and recommendations (May

2004)

LASED Program

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1. Key features: Partners 1. Key features: Partners and audience, and and audience, and

methodologiesmethodologies• Partners and audience:

– MLMUPC – Social land concession working group(s)

– GTZ – through LMAP Project– World Bank Task Team for this PSIA– Oxfam GB– ABiC – experienced local research/ANRM NGO– Other stakeholders, incl. gov’t agencies

(MAFF, MRD, etc.), donors, NGOs/CSOs, research agencies

• Research instruments / tools:– Review and analysis of secondary literature – Random sampling procedures– PRA exercises and household survey

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2. How PSIA complements 2. How PSIA complements other approaches currently other approaches currently

usedused• Provision of both qualitative and quantitative Provision of both qualitative and quantitative

information about impacts of multidisciplinary information about impacts of multidisciplinary aspectsaspects

• Very limited ex ante analyses doneVery limited ex ante analyses done• Other ex ante approaches (e.g. PPA, PIA) used Other ex ante approaches (e.g. PPA, PIA) used

not for specific program, policy reform …not for specific program, policy reform …• Consensus building among stakeholdersConsensus building among stakeholders• Inclusion of beneficiary, non-beneficiary and Inclusion of beneficiary, non-beneficiary and

influential groups (welfare and distributional influential groups (welfare and distributional impact)impact)

• Establishment of baseline and aspects for M&EEstablishment of baseline and aspects for M&E

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3. Relevance of technical, 3. Relevance of technical, institutional, and political institutional, and political

aspectsaspects• Technical:Technical:– Lacking familiarity with qualitative techniques or Lacking familiarity with qualitative techniques or

combined approachescombined approaches– Issue of consensus on sampling proceduresIssue of consensus on sampling procedures– Lacking involvement in analysis and result Lacking involvement in analysis and result

interpretation, incl. NISinterpretation, incl. NIS• Institutional:Institutional:

– Weak capacity and appreciation of concerned agencies Weak capacity and appreciation of concerned agencies – Existence of political platform, strategy, certain legal Existence of political platform, strategy, certain legal

frameworkframework– Now … under national statistics law, PSIA would be Now … under national statistics law, PSIA would be

potentially under NIS depending on its sizepotentially under NIS depending on its size• Political:Political:

– No major issues – predictable and desirable impacts, yet No major issues – predictable and desirable impacts, yet to realizeto realize

– Ownership – participation in the process, dissemination Ownership – participation in the process, dissemination of and debate about results, use of resultsof and debate about results, use of results

– Resource constraints (for this PSIA: US$8,4000.oo; 24 Resource constraints (for this PSIA: US$8,4000.oo; 24 personnel, 4 months (from training to reporting))personnel, 4 months (from training to reporting))

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4. How PSIA strengthens 4. How PSIA strengthens results orientation in results orientation in

design and implementation design and implementation of the programof the program

• Awareness of social land concession Awareness of social land concession program committee at national levelprogram committee at national level

• Several studies identified under PSIA Several studies identified under PSIA followedfollowed

• Important legal framework and guidelines Important legal framework and guidelines considered, materialized and implementedconsidered, materialized and implemented

• Design of improved program, pilot sites Design of improved program, pilot sites chosen, etc. – LASEDchosen, etc. – LASED

• Capacity building in pilot areas, …Capacity building in pilot areas, …

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5. How to strengthen 5. How to strengthen incorporation of results incorporation of results

into policy makinginto policy making• Building ownershipBuilding ownership• Conducting policy advocacy/dialogueConducting policy advocacy/dialogue• Building consensus on policies / strategies / Building consensus on policies / strategies /

measures [identified by PSIA]measures [identified by PSIA]• Pilot-testing the identified policies / Pilot-testing the identified policies /

strategies / measures – LASEDstrategies / measures – LASED

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6. How PSIA strengthen 6. How PSIA strengthen mutual and domestic mutual and domestic

accountabilityaccountability• Characteristics of the eminent programs, Characteristics of the eminent programs,

and institutional roles, responsibilities and and institutional roles, responsibilities and arrangements as well as obligations of all arrangements as well as obligations of all stakeholders revealed and discussedstakeholders revealed and discussed

• Concerns and recommendations sharedConcerns and recommendations shared

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7. Challenges in capacity 7. Challenges in capacity development and development and

institutionalization of PSIAinstitutionalization of PSIA• Issue of familiarity and preference: Issue of familiarity and preference:

quantitative vs. qualitative techniquesquantitative vs. qualitative techniques• Complexity: multidisciplinary nature of Complexity: multidisciplinary nature of

impact analysisimpact analysis• New approach, and thus limited New approach, and thus limited

appreciationappreciation• Budgetary / priority issue: development vs. Budgetary / priority issue: development vs.

researchresearch• Research and analytical capacity of staffResearch and analytical capacity of staff• Culture / perception of research within Culture / perception of research within

anchoring unit in each agency / bodyanchoring unit in each agency / body

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8. Lessons learned8. Lessons learned• Building ownership through appropriate Building ownership through appropriate

engagementengagement• Building consensusBuilding consensus• Conducting after-process policy Conducting after-process policy

advocacy/dialogueadvocacy/dialogue• Allocating adequate time and resourcesAllocating adequate time and resources• Lacking streamlining of PSIA effort into the Lacking streamlining of PSIA effort into the

system ( because of (a) resource constraint, system ( because of (a) resource constraint, (b) capacity constraint, and lack of (b) capacity constraint, and lack of appreciation of the tools, and (c) lack of appreciation of the tools, and (c) lack of visibility of results)visibility of results)

• In case of PIA/PPA, investment did not In case of PIA/PPA, investment did not primarily match with priorities, but later primarily match with priorities, but later increased, while time lapsesincreased, while time lapses

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!ATTENTION!