Calpine Corporation NW Geysers Enhanced Geothermal System ...
Transcript of Calpine Corporation NW Geysers Enhanced Geothermal System ...
Calpine Corporation
NW Geysers
Enhanced Geothermal System
Demonstration Project
November 2, 2012
Community Update
Calpine Geysers Visitor Center
Middletown, CA
Calpine
Northwest Geysers Enhanced Geothermal System Demonstration
Accomplishments, Results and Progress
• Prati State 31 and Prati 32 were recompleted as a
production-injection well pair in September 2011 (respectively).
• Injection into Prati 32 began on October 6, 2011 and has been
continuously monitored.
• Continuous injection of water at rates of 400, 700 and 1000
gallons per minute into 750OF rock at a depth of 11,000 feet.
• A microseismicity “cloud” began to form almost immediately
with the Prati 32 water injection.
• An Enhanced Geothermal System has been created in hot dry rock.
The evidence for this comes from the analysis of:
Microseismicity data
Isotope data
Temperature data
Pressure data
Prati State 31 flow response
• A connection has been established between the deep, hot-dry rock
reservoir and the overlying normal temperature reservoir.
There are approximately 1100 undeveloped
acres in the vicinity of the EGS
Demonstration Area which are
underlain by a high-temperature, hot
dry rock reservoir.
Aidlin 1
View From West The undeveloped EGS Demonstration Area
is 7 to 9 miles from the nearest
sensitive communities.
Future Directions – Additional EGS
Development Area
EGS
Demonstration
Area
Injection:
Prati 32
Production:
Prati State 31
Microfractures Within
High Temperature Reservoir
260o C / 500o F
400o C / 750o F 11,143’
10,134’
SW NE
Scientific/Technical
Approach
Final Bit from Prati 32 (11,134’)
after 100’ of drilling where
Temperatures are 750 oF
Average Bit Condition after 300’
of drilling at the Geysers where
temperatures are 450 oF
Prati 32 Deepening
Calpine
Northwest Geysers Enhanced Geothermal System Demonstration
Water “Injection” Under Vacuum
Control Valve
Water Flow
Top of High
Temperature
Reservoir
Top of Standing
Water Column
Why Vacuum Conditions?
Injection of cool water into the hot steam reservoir
Steam condenses with a significant volume reduction
Results in vacuum conditions
Injected water “drawn” into reservoir
The NW Geysers EGS Demonstration Project
is “injecting” water under vacuum conditions
(as with all water injection at The Geysers)
Micro-fracture development relies primarily on thermal effects,
not pressure effects (as used in hydrofracturing)
Prati 32 Well Diagram Not to Scale
To Production
Well(s)
200
150
100
50
0
250
Day
s S
ince
In
ject
ion
Sta
rt
300
Prati 32 Injection Interval 7800’ to 11143’
Prati State 31 Production Interval
6900’ to 10000’
M 2.67
M 2.55
M 2.54
M 2.69
M 2.87
M 2.68
M 2.56
Calpine NW Geysers EGS Demonstration
Seismicity Analysis: 01 September 2011 to 19 September 2012 LBNL database events with ErH (horizontal error) and ErZ (vertical error) less than 1 km
Calpine NW Geysers EGS Demonstration
Seismicity Analysis: 01 September 2011 to 19 September 2012 LBNL database events with ErH (horizontal error) and ErZ (vertical error) less than 1 km
Seis
mic
Eve
nt
Mag
nit
ud
e
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
3.0
200
150
100
50
0
250
Day
s S
ince
In
ject
ion
Sta
rt
Prati 32 Injection Interval 7800’ to 11143’
Prati State 31 Production Interval
6900’ to 10000’
300
Calpine NW Geysers EGS Demonstration
Seismicity Analysis: 01 September 2011 to 19 September 2012 LBNL database events with ErH (horizontal error) and ErZ (vertical error) less than 1 km
Calpine NW Geysers EGS Demonstration
Seismicity Analysis: 01 September 2011 to 19 September 2012 LBNL database events with ErH (horizontal error) and ErZ (vertical error) less than 1 km
Instrument Failure (?)
11
Negligible Strong Motion Instrument Responses at Anderson Springs and Cobb From Maximum Seismic Event (M 2.87)
Magnitude 2.87 Event
31 May 2012, 05:31:26 UTC
Anderson Springs:
Geometric Mean (Horizontal Components):
1.53 cm/sec2 = 0.16% of gravitational acceleration
Modified Mercalli Intensity: I
Not Felt; No Potential Damage
Cobb:
Geometric Mean (Horizontal Components):
1.38 cm/sec2 = 0.14% of gravitational acceleration
Modified Mercalli Intensity: I
Not Felt; No Potential Damage
20120531_053126_COB-03432_EF081 COB 05/31/2012/ 05:31:26.000
HNE 1.484894 0.019180 0.590780 0.054566 0.008896 HNN 1.281621 0.021821 1.063913 0.045667 0.008398 HNZ 0.818167 0.010188 0.395494 0.036799 0.004547
20120531_053129_ADSP-03433_FF1239 ADSP 05/31/2012/ 05:31:26.000
HNE 1.718394 0.022286 0.600226 0.034296 0.008010 HNN 1.366358 0.019826 0.484243 0.029602 0.010503 HNZ 0.998494 0.011479 0.185820 0.014799 0.004931
Calpine NW Geysers EGS Demonstration
Seismicity Analysis: 01 September 2011 to 19 September 2012
Research Collaboration with European GEISER Project Coordinated with Dr. Roland Gritto; Array Information Technology
At The Geysers:
• 32 stations installed in early 2012:
• 25 within field boundary
• 7 beyond field boundary
o Continuous monitoring
o Broadband
o Within and beyond geothermal field
The Geysers
Field Outline
Most are co-located:
LBNL Stations (24)
USGS Stations (4)
Strong Motion Stations (1)
Improve understanding of:
structural features
seismic energy attenuation
seismic velocities (Vp and Vs)
velocity change with reservoir fluid variations
This seismic monitoring network contributes to worldwide GEISER consortium goals
Seismic Monitoring Advisory Committee Meeting
1 October 2011 to 31 March 2012
Additional Seismic Monitoring and Research
Seismic Monitoring Advisory Committee Meeting
1 October 2011 to 31 March 2012
Additional Seismic Monitoring and Research
Research Collaboration with European GEISER Project*
Coordinated through GFZ Potsdam (Germany)
Goal:
Address challenges to geothermal energy
Main topics:
Mendocino County Line GEISER Seismic Monitoring Station
* GEISER Partners: GFZ Potsdam, BRGM, ISOR, TNO, ETHZ, STATOIL, GEOWATT, NORSAR, ARMINES, EOST, KNMI, AMRA, INGV
1. World-wide acquisition and analysis of induced seismicity data
2. Understanding induced seismicity the geomechanics and processes
3. Consequences of induced seismicity
4. Strategies for the mitigation of induced seismicity
Action Packer with
Digitizer and Battery
Solar Panel on
Triangular Frame
Triaxial Broadband Seismometer
in Sealed Container
GÜRALP: 60 second to 50Hz
or
Trillium: 120 second to 100 Hz
Trillium triaxial
seismometer
14
?
?
Prati 32
345 psig
PS 31
340 psig
Prati 25
340 psig
Prati 38
285 psig
Prati 9
300 psig
Northwest Geysers EGS Demonstration Stimulation (Injection started: 10/06/2011 10:00 AM)
Abril 2
182 psig
WHS 56
190 psig
WHS 36
345 psig
WHS 34
365 psig
WHS 71
345 psig
Calpine NW Geysers EGS Demonstration Geochemical Analysis
Calpine NW Geysers EGS Demonstration Geochemical Analysis
Calpine NW Geysers EGS Demonstration Geochemical Analysis
Prati 32 Injection and Prati State 31 Pressure Response
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Inje
cti
on
Ra
tea
tP
rati
32
[gp
m]
We
llH
ea
dP
res
su
re[p
sig
]
Pra
ti2
5F
low
Ra
te[K
PH
]
20
11
-10
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11
-11
-05
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-11
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-31
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-28
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-25
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-06
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-20
0
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140Prati 32 Injection
Prati State 31 WHP
Prati 25 WHP
P25 Flow
PS 31 Data Logger WHP
P32 WHP
Injectivity Test
(11/15/11)
Water Depth [rate]
7490 ft [606 gpm]
7454 ft [871 gpm]
7450 ft [1218 gpm]
Injectivity Test
(10/17/11)
Water Depth [rate]
7770 ft [215 gpm]
7356 ft [600 gpm]
7479 ft [1195 gpm]
Injectivity Test(3/6/12)
Water Depth [rate]7192 ft [200 gpm]7103 ft [533 gpm]7094 ft [800 gpm]
7071 ft [1180 gpm]
Injectivity Test(1/11/12)
Water Depth [rate]7295 ft [228 gpm]7259 ft [522 gpm]7170 ft [790 gpm]
7127 ft [1180 gpm]
Injectivity Test(6/18/12)
Water Depth [rate]7486 ft [217 gpm]7338 ft [602 gpm]
7209 ft [1265 gpm]
The injection of SRGRP wastewater into Prati 32 resulted in wellhead pressures Increasing in Prati State 31 from about 320 psi before injection to 460 psi after five months of injection. Consequently, the steam flow increased in Prati State 31
• Flow rate of PS-31 increased from 55,000 lb/hr prior to the October 2011 stimulation, to 93,000 lb/hr when tested in January 2012.
• Total NCG decreased more than 90%
following the injection of water at P-32.
• About 5 MW equivalent of new
injection-derived steam from SRGRP wastewater which is produced from PS-31 and P-25 may result if the proposed Wild Horse Power Plant is constructed near the EGS demonstration.
WELL KPH
(klbs/hr)
WHP
(psig)
SIWHP
(psig)
NCG
(wt.%)
H2S
(ppmw)
Cl
(ppmw)
PS-31 55 100 320 3.9 1280 135
PS-31 72 100 465 0.3 550 125
PS-31 93 100 440 0.5 645 15
Flow Testing Geochemistry
Test prior to October 2011 stimulation
January 31, 2012 test results
Northwest Geysers EGS Demonstration Prati State 31 Flow Test Results
June 14, 2012 test results