Cal/OSHA Consultation Service 2008
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Transcript of Cal/OSHA Consultation Service 2008
Cal/OSHA Consultation ServiceCal/OSHA Consultation Service
20082008
Heat Illness PreventionHeat Illness Prevention Title 8 Section 3395Title 8 Section 3395
Heat Illness PreventionHeat Illness Prevention “Safety Basics”“Safety Basics”
POTABLE DRINKING WATER
SHADE ALLOWING THE BODY TO COOL
PREVENTATIVE RECOVERY PERIODS
EMPLOYEE/SUPERVISOR TRAINING
WRITTEN PROCEDURES
Enforcement ExperienceEnforcement Experience25 Serious Heat-Related Illnesses25 Serious Heat-Related Illnesses
May – November 2005May – November 2005
Agriculture 38%Agriculture 38%
Construction 29%Construction 29%
Service 12.5%Service 12.5%
Transportation 12.5%Transportation 12.5%
Public Safety 8%Public Safety 8%
What was discovered…What was discovered…
68% of employees spoke Spanish68% of employees spoke Spanish
Ages 17 to 76 yrs Ages 17 to 76 yrs
84% of cases involved outdoor work84% of cases involved outdoor work
92% of work was moderate 92% of work was moderate strenuous strenuous
46% of cases happened the 46% of cases happened the 11st dayst day on the job on the job
36% required hospitalization for more than 24hrs36% required hospitalization for more than 24hrs
54% of cases resulted in death of the employees54% of cases resulted in death of the employees
Environmental & Physiological Environmental & Physiological FactorsFactors
Average Average
Ambient air temperature 96Ambient air temperature 96º F º F (75 - 116º F)(75 - 116º F)
Humidity 29% Humidity 29% (12% - 55%)(12% - 55%)
Wind speed 7mphWind speed 7mph
Core body temperature 104º FCore body temperature 104º F (98 - 108º F)(98 - 108º F)
Worksite ConditionsWorksite Conditions
Potable water present - 100% of casesPotable water present - 100% of cases
Shade available - 77% of casesShade available - 77% of cases
80% of employers had a written IIPP80% of employers had a written IIPP
20% had written Heat Illness Prevention 20% had written Heat Illness Prevention PolicyPolicy
36% had an Emergency Action Plan36% had an Emergency Action Plan
Worksite ConditionsWorksite Conditions
Heat Wave - a sudden and Heat Wave - a sudden and temporary rise of temperature temporary rise of temperature above the seasonal average for a above the seasonal average for a particular region, which last for a particular region, which last for a prolonged period of timeprolonged period of time
Greatly increases the risk of heat Greatly increases the risk of heat illnessesillnesses
Heat Wave ImpactHeat Wave ImpactTemps/Day/Date/CasesTemps/Day/Date/Cases
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
0123456789
# Reported
Temp Kern CoSat
Mon
TueSun
Note: Direct Relationship Between Temps and Number of Reported Cases84% of the Cases Occurred During the July 2006 Heat Wave
Historical Temp
from UC IPM CIMIS
Worksite ConditionsWorksite Conditions
Heat Illness Prevention During Heat WavesHeat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - Take Extra Measures - More VigilanceMore Vigilance
Supervisors/employees watch each other very Supervisors/employees watch each other very closely & provide more frequent feedbackclosely & provide more frequent feedback
Avoid working alone - “buddy system”Avoid working alone - “buddy system”
Designate person - closely monitor/report Designate person - closely monitor/report employees conditionsemployees conditions
Account for employee whereabouts throughout Account for employee whereabouts throughout the work shift and end of the daythe work shift and end of the day
Worksite ConditionsWorksite Conditions
Heat Illness Prevention During Heat WavesHeat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - Take Extra Measures - More WaterMore Water
Employees should drink small quantities of Employees should drink small quantities of water more frequently before, during and after water more frequently before, during and after workwork
Effective replenishment of extra supplies of Effective replenishment of extra supplies of waterwater
Encourage employees to consult with their Encourage employees to consult with their doctor on salt/mineral replacementdoctor on salt/mineral replacement
Worksite ConditionsWorksite Conditions
Heat Illness Prevention During Heat WavesHeat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - Take Extra Measures - More CoolingMore Cooling
Use other cooling measures in addition to shadeUse other cooling measures in addition to shade
Spraying body with water/wiping with wet Spraying body with water/wiping with wet towelstowels
Additional/longer breaks in the shadeAdditional/longer breaks in the shade
Worksite ConditionsWorksite Conditions
Heat Illness Prevention During Heat WavesHeat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - Take Extra Measures - Change ScheduleChange Schedule
Start work earlier or later in the eveningStart work earlier or later in the evening
Split-up work shifts - avoid working in hotter Split-up work shifts - avoid working in hotter parts of the dayparts of the day
Cut work shifts short or stop workCut work shifts short or stop work
Worksite ConditionsWorksite Conditions
Heat Illness Prevention During Heat WavesHeat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - Take Extra Measures - Change MealsChange Meals
Encourage employees to:Encourage employees to:
Eat smaller/more frequent meals ( less body Eat smaller/more frequent meals ( less body heat during digestion than with big meals)heat during digestion than with big meals)
Choose foods with higher water content (for Choose foods with higher water content (for example, fruits, vegetables, salads)example, fruits, vegetables, salads)
Worksite ConditionsWorksite Conditions
Heat Illness Prevention During Heat WavesHeat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Acclimatization WarningAcclimatization Warning
Even employees previously fully Even employees previously fully acclimatized are at risk for heat illnessacclimatized are at risk for heat illness
Body needs time to adjust to sudden, Body needs time to adjust to sudden, abnormally high temperatures or other abnormally high temperatures or other extreme conditionsextreme conditions
Heat Illness PreventionHeat Illness Prevention 3395(a) Scope and Application3395(a) Scope and Application
Applies to the control of Applies to the control of
risk of occurrence of heat risk of occurrence of heat
illnessillness in all outdoor in all outdoor
places of employmentplaces of employment
Does not exclude other Does not exclude other
Title 8 requirements, Title 8 requirements,
such as, IIPP, drinking such as, IIPP, drinking
water, first aidwater, first aid
3395(b) Definitions3395(b) Definitions
“ “ Heat IllnessHeat Illness"" means a serious means a serious
medical condition resulting from themedical condition resulting from the
body's inability to cope with a body's inability to cope with a
particular heat load, and includesparticular heat load, and includes
heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat cramps, heat exhaustion,
heat syncope and heat stroke.heat syncope and heat stroke.
""Environmental risk factors for heat illnessEnvironmental risk factors for heat illness""
means working conditions that create the possibility that heat means working conditions that create the possibility that heat
illness could occur, includingillness could occur, including air temperature, relative humidity, air temperature, relative humidity,
radiant heat from the sun and other sources, conductive heat radiant heat from the sun and other sources, conductive heat
sources such as the ground, air movement, workload severity sources such as the ground, air movement, workload severity
and duration, protective clothing and personal protective and duration, protective clothing and personal protective
equipment worn by employees. equipment worn by employees.
““Personal risk factors for Personal risk factors for
heat illnessheat illness”” means factors such means factors such
as an individual’s age, degree of as an individual’s age, degree of
acclimatization, health, water acclimatization, health, water
consumption, alcohol consumption, consumption, alcohol consumption,
caffeine consumption, and use of caffeine consumption, and use of
prescription medications that prescription medications that
affect the body’s water affect the body’s water
retention or other physiological retention or other physiological
responses to heat.responses to heat.
““AcclimatizationAcclimatization””A temporary adaptation of the body to work in the heat that A temporary adaptation of the body to work in the heat that
occurs gradually when a person is exposed to it. occurs gradually when a person is exposed to it. Acclimatization Acclimatization
peaks in most people within 4 - 14 days of regular work for at peaks in most people within 4 - 14 days of regular work for at
least 2 hours per day in the heat.least 2 hours per day in the heat.
3395(b) Definitions3395(b) Definitions
""ShadeShade"" means blockage of direct sunlight. Canopies, umbrellas means blockage of direct sunlight. Canopies, umbrellas
and other temporary structures or devices may be used to provide and other temporary structures or devices may be used to provide
shade. One indicator that blockage is sufficient is when objects do shade. One indicator that blockage is sufficient is when objects do
not cast a shadow in the area of blocked sunlight. Shade is not not cast a shadow in the area of blocked sunlight. Shade is not
adequate when heat in the area of shade defeats the purpose of adequate when heat in the area of shade defeats the purpose of
shade, which is to allow the body to cool. For example, a car sitting shade, which is to allow the body to cool. For example, a car sitting
in the sun does not provide acceptable shade to a person inside it, in the sun does not provide acceptable shade to a person inside it,
unless the car is running with air conditioning.unless the car is running with air conditioning.
""Preventative Preventative
Recovery PeriodRecovery Period““ means a period of time to means a period of time to
recover from the heat in recover from the heat in
order to prevent heat order to prevent heat
illness.illness.
3395(b) Definitions3395(b) Definitions
3395(c) Provision of Water3395(c) Provision of Water
Sufficient amounts of Sufficient amounts of cool water available at cool water available at all times w/at least one all times w/at least one quart per employee per quart per employee per hour for the entire shifthour for the entire shift
Easy access to clean and Easy access to clean and cool water encourages cool water encourages frequent drinkingfrequent drinking
Keep the water Keep the water replenished replenished
3395(d) Access to shade3395(d) Access to shade
Preventative Recovery Period (PRP)Preventative Recovery Period (PRP) is is necessary if an employee is suffering from necessary if an employee is suffering from heat illness or believes that a rest break is heat illness or believes that a rest break is needed to recover from the heat needed to recover from the heat
Employees must have access to an area Employees must have access to an area with shade that is either open to the air or with shade that is either open to the air or provided with ventilation or cooling for a provided with ventilation or cooling for a period of no less than 5 minutesperiod of no less than 5 minutes
3395(d) Access to shade3395(d) Access to shade
Access to shade is permitted at all timesAccess to shade is permitted at all times
Non agricultural employersNon agricultural employers are are permitted cooling measures other than permitted cooling measures other than shade if alternate means are proven as shade if alternate means are proven as effective as shade in cooling the bodyeffective as shade in cooling the body
3395(e) Training3395(e) Training Recognition of Environmental & Personal Risk FactorsRecognition of Environmental & Personal Risk Factors
Procedures for Complying with the RegulationsProcedures for Complying with the Regulations
Importance of Frequent Consumption of WaterImportance of Frequent Consumption of Water
Importance of Acclimatization to Working ConditionsImportance of Acclimatization to Working Conditions
Recognition of Signs/Symptoms of Heat Illnesses Recognition of Signs/Symptoms of Heat Illnesses
Importance of Reporting Signs/Symptoms to SupervisorImportance of Reporting Signs/Symptoms to Supervisor
Procedures to Follow When Heat Illness is Reported Procedures to Follow When Heat Illness is Reported
Procedures to Contact Medical Services Procedures to Contact Medical Services
Means & Methods Available to Transport Ill WorkersMeans & Methods Available to Transport Ill WorkersProcedure to Ensure Clear/Concise Directions are Given Procedure to Ensure Clear/Concise Directions are Given to Emergency Medical Responders to Locate the Worksiteto Emergency Medical Responders to Locate the Worksite
Employee TrainingEmployee Training The environmental and The environmental and
personal risk factors for heat personal risk factors for heat illnessillness
Importance of frequent Importance of frequent consumptions of small consumptions of small quantities of waterquantities of water
Importance of Importance of acclimatizationacclimatization
Different types of heat Different types of heat illness, common signs and illness, common signs and symptomssymptoms
Employee TrainingEmployee Training
Importance of immediately reporting signs/symptoms of heat illness to supervisor
Procedures for responding to possible heat illness
Procedures for contacting and directing emergency medical services to the worksite
Section 3395(e)(1)Section 3395(e)(1)Employee TrainingEmployee Training
Employers procedures Employers procedures that ensure clear and that ensure clear and precise directions to the precise directions to the work site will be provided work site will be provided to emergency medical to emergency medical service providers.service providers.
Procedures to follow when contacting Procedures to follow when contacting emergency medical services and if necessary emergency medical services and if necessary transporting employeestransporting employees
3395(e)(2) Supervisor Training3395(e)(2) Supervisor Training
Same information required under Same information required under employee training employee training PLUSPLUS
Procedures to follow to implement the Procedures to follow to implement the applicable provisions of the standardapplicable provisions of the standard
Procedures to follow when an Procedures to follow when an employee exhibits symptoms employee exhibits symptoms consistent with heat illness, including consistent with heat illness, including emergency responseemergency response
For Non-Fatal Heat Illnesses, Supervisor Trained on Heat Illness Prevention: Yes (67%) and No (33%)
Supervisor Training Conducted in Cases with Heat Related Fatality?
0
50
100
Trained Not Trained
Perc
ent
37%63%
2006 Data
Impact of Supervisor Training on the Impact of Supervisor Training on the Outcome of Heat IllnessOutcome of Heat Illness
Employer’s Written Employer’s Written ProceduresProcedures
Written policy addresses controlling the Written policy addresses controlling the risks of heat illness and includes all the risks of heat illness and includes all the elements in Section 3395elements in Section 3395
Policy and procedures can be integrated Policy and procedures can be integrated within the IIPPwithin the IIPP
Training provided to all employees to Training provided to all employees to recognize heat illness hazards before recognize heat illness hazards before starting to work outdoorsstarting to work outdoors
Procedures must be made available to Procedures must be made available to representatives of Cal/OSHA upon requestrepresentatives of Cal/OSHA upon request
ADDITIONAL GUIDANCEADDITIONAL GUIDANCE
Internet Resources – Cal/OSHA & NIOSHInternet Resources – Cal/OSHA & NIOSH
http://www.dir.ca.gov/DOSH/HeatIllnessInfo.htmlhttp://www.dir.ca.gov/DOSH/HeatIllnessInfo.html
http://http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/