Callimachus and Lichrophon

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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYEDITED BY

E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. T. E. PAGE, LiTT.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, LlTT.D

CALLIMACHUS

LYCOPHRON

ARATUS

CALLIMACHUSAND

LYCOPHRONWITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

A. W. MAIR, D.Lirr.PROFESSOR OF GREEK, EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY

ARATUSWITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

G. R. MAIR, M.A.HEADMASTER OF SPIER'S SCHOOL, BEITH

LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANNNEW YORK: G. R PUTNAM'S SONS

MCMXXI

PREFACE

This volume was intended to appear in 1914. Thedelay occasioned by the war, while it has doubtless

enabled improvements to be made in detail, has at

the same time made it hard to observe a meticulous

consistency.

Such as it is, the hope may be permitted that the

book will be found helpful as an introduction to the

Alexandrine literature. The scholar will readily

understand that the limitations of this series com-

pelled us to partial statement where full discussion

was desirable ; he will understand, too, that to secure

even such statement as we could attempt, we had to

study the severest compression. In particular, it maybe explained that, to satisfy the limits required for

publication, a very considerable amount of work had

to be ruthlessly jettisoned. At the same time the

translators most cordially and gratefully acknowledge

that the Editors of the series have done their utmost,

by an unusual concession in the matter of notes, to

render the volume useful.

To enumerate the names of the scholars who have

at one time or another given us advice on special

vi PREFACE

points might seem to exaggerate the importance of

the book. But, while the translators are alone

responsible for their final decisions, they gratefully

remember among those who have aided them :

the Astronomer Royal, Sir Frank Dyson ; Mr. W. T.

Vesey ; Mr. E. W. Maunder ; the Astronomer Royal

for Scotland, Professor Sampson ; Professor Cossar

Ewart; Professor E. T. Whittaker; Mr. F. J, M.

Stratton, D.S.O. ; Dr. T. G. Smyly; Professor A. S.

Hunt ; Professor Burnet ; Professor Arthur Piatt

;

Professor Phillimore ; and among the younger menqui olim memorahuntur, Mr. E. P. Dickie, M.C., and

Messrs. A. and N. Porteous for help in revising the

proofs.

To the firm of Messrs. R. & R. Clark we owe

our cordial thanks. Mr. William Maxwell has shown

a warm personal interest in the progress of the work

which is in accordance with the best traditions of

Scottish printing. To Messrs. Clark's accomplished

Reader we desire to offer no merely formal acknow-

ledgement of the vigilance and scholarship by which

the book has been materially improved.

A. W. M.

G. R. M.

I

CONTENTS

I. CALLIMACHUS-Introduction : PA.OE

1

.

The Life of Callimachus .... 1

2. Callimachus and the Alexandrine

Library 6

3. Works 11

4. The Manuscripts of the Hymns . . 13

Bibliography l6

Introduction to Callimachus's Hymns . 18

The Hymns 36

The Epigrams 136

The Fragments :

Aitia 183

The Lock of Berenice 224

Branchus 230

Epigrams 232

Galateia . . 238

Grapheum , 238

Hecale 240

Iambi 270

Fragments of Uncertain Location . 300

vii

viii CONTENTS

II. ARATUS—Introduction : page

1. The Life of Aratus 359

2. The Manuscripts 364

3. The Scholia 366

4. BibUography 366

Introduction to the Phaenomena . . 369

The Phaenomena 380

III. LYCOPHRON—Introduction :

1. The Life of Lycophron 477

2. Works 480

3. The Manuscripts 488

4. The Paraphrases 490

5. The SchoHa 490

6. Bibliography 492

Alexandra 494

Index of Proper Names 6l9

Maps of the Stars At end

ADDENDUMBibliography of Lycophron p. 492 :

Add Viscount Royston, translation and notes, Cam-bridge, at the University Press, 1806.

INTRODUCTION

1. The Life of Callimachus

Our authorities for the life of Callimachus are a

notice in Suidas s.v. KaAA/'/u,a;(os and various refer-

ences in other authors.

Suidas says :^' Callimachus, son of Battus and

Mesatma, of Cyrene, grammarian, pupil of Hermo-crates of lasos, the grammarian [an authority uponaccents, Gr. Lat. iv. 530 f Keil], married the

daughter of Euphrates of Syracuse. His sister's son

was Callimachus the younger, who wrote an epic. OnIslands. So diligent was he that he wrote poems in

every metre and also wrote a great number of worksin prose. The books written by him amount in all to

more than eight hundred. He lived in the times of

Ptolemy Philadelphus [reigned 285-247 b.c.]. Before

his introduction to that king he taught grammar in

Eleusis, a hamlet of Alexandria. He survived to the

time of Ptolemy, surnamed Euergetes, and Olympiad127 [an error, see below], in the second year of whichPtolemy Euergetes began to reign."

Suidas gives also a notice of his nephew :" Calli-

machus of Cyrene, epic poet, nephew of the preceding

son of Stasenor and Megatima, sister of Callimachus."

From this Hemsterhys conjectured that in the first

notice also Megatima should be read for Mesatma.

B 1

INTRODUCTION TO CALLIMACHUS

The most probable date on the whole for the birth

of CaUimachus is circ. 310 b.c. We learn from Vit.

Aral. i. that CaUimachus, both in his epigrams andalso €v rot's tt/oos Upa^KJxxvrjv, referred to Aratus as

older than himself. But as they were fellow-students

at Athens the difference of age is not likely to havebeen considerable : we may put the birth of Aratusin 315, that of CaUimachus in 310.

CaUimachus claimed to be descended from Battus,

the founder of Cyrene (Pind. P. iv., v., Hdt. iv.

155 ff): Strabo xvii. 837 Aeyerat 8e ^ Kvp-qvrj

KTL(TfXa BctTTOV* TTpoyOVOV 8k TOVTOV CaVTOV <f>d(TK€l

KaXX-ifxaxos. In any case he belonged to a family

of some eminence, and we learn from himself that

his grandfather had distinguished himself in military

affairs (Epigr. xxiii.).

While still a young man he was, along with Aratus,

a pupil of Praxiphanes the Peripatetic philosopher

(author of treatises On Poetry, On History, etc.), in

Athens (Vit. Aral, i., iv., and the Latin Vit. Arat.)

probably circ. 287-281.Subsequently, as Suidas tells us, he was a teacher

in Eleusis, a suburb of Alexandria; afterwards hewas introduced to the court of Ptolemy Philadelphus,

in whose service he continued—apart from occasional

excursions—till his death circ. 235 b.c.

The statement in Suidas that CaUimachus irapeTetve

P'^xpi Tov Ev€/)yeTov kXtjO^vtos UroXcp^aiov [came to

the throne in 247], oAv/x7rta5o? Se pK^, rjs Kara to

Sevrepov eVos [271 B.C.] 6 Evepyhif]^ JlToXepalos rjp^aro

TTJs /Saa-iXeLas is manifestly wrong. Merkel proposedto read pXy, i.e. 247. Kaibel makes a more elaborateconjecture, reading K-qK/jiaa-e Se iirl rrjs oXv/xTrtaSos pK^>Kol 7rap€T€Lve . . . okvfxTndSos Se pXy, ^5 ktA., i.e. his

"floruit " was in Ol. 127 and he survived to the timeof Ptolemy Euergetes, 01. 133. No passage in his

works implying a later date than Ol. 133, that wasassumed as the date of his death.

But we read in Suidas s.v. 'ApLo-rocfidvrjs Bvfavrios

. . . fjLaOrjTrjS KaAXt/xa;(ov Kal ZrjvoSoTov' aXAot tot; fikv

v€os, Tov 8e Trats r/Kovcre. The natural interpretation

here (though some would take the last sentence as a

chiasmus) is to understand the first tov as Callimachus,

the second as Zenodotus ; and hence it is sought to

be inferred that Callimachus survived Zenodotus,whose death is put ci7'c. 24<5 -235.

Among the more distinguished pupils of Calli-

machus were Eratosthenes of Cyrene, Aristophanesof Byzantium, and Apollonius, a native of Alexandriaor of Naucratis, but from his sojourn in Rhodescalled "the Rhodian." With the last named Calli-

machus had a quarrel which, purely literary in its

origin, developed into a bitter personal feud, andled to Apollonius withdrawing from Alexandria to

Rhodes. In the view of Callimachus the day of the

Homeric type of epic was past. That spacious typeof poetry must now give place to a poetry moreexpressive of the genius of the age, the short andhighly polished poem, in which the recondite learn-

ing of the time should find expression. Apollonius,

on the other hand, in his Argonautica sought to con-

tinue the Homeric tradition. We are not concernedhere to decide the dispute, but we can appreciate

the two points of view. To Callimachus it may well

have seemed that the long epic, written in the

traditional epic language with its set phrases andformulae, could hardly be other than a weak andartificial echo of Homer : it could be no expression

3

of the living culture of Alexandria: it could have

no originality, nothing individual (Callim. Ep. xxx.).

To Apollonius, on the other hand, it might seemthat for Callimachus romance was dead ; and to him,

who deserves to be called the first of the romantics,

Callimachus might appear even more truly

The idle singer of an empty day,

lifeless and ^^ wooden " and uninspired : cf. A. P.

xi. 275.

The true inwardness of the quarrel may not have

been apparent to their contemporaries or even-^to

themselves, and it may have seemed to be merely a

question of the Small Book v. the Big Book. Athen.

ii. 72 A tells us on KaA.At/xaôs 6 y/Da/x/xartKos to /xeya

fSifSXiov icrov e'Aeycv etvat t<^ fieydXio KaKW, " that a

big book is a big evil." Even if we accept the

modern explanation that this refers merely to a

papyrus-roll (îÂiov) of inconvenient size we havethe evidence of Callimachus himself in Hymn. Apoll.

105 ff: "Spake Envy privily in the ear of Apollo

:

^ I admire not the poet who singeth not songs in

number as the sea.' Apollo spurned Envy with his

foot, and spake thus :' Great is the stream of the

Assyrian river, but much filth of earth and muchrefuse it carries on its waters. And not of everywater do the Melissae carry to Deo, but of thetrickling stream that springs from a holy fountain,

pure and undefiled, the very crown of waters.' " It

might be fanciful to equate the XyfiaTa (schol. Hymni. 17 XvfJLara' Kaddpfxara) and KaOap-q of this passagewith the KaOapfxa of Apollonius' epigram ; but in anycase the schol. on this passage says expressly : kyKaXdStot TOVTwv rov<$ <TK(jjTrTOVTas avTov /Jirj 8vva(r0at iroLrjaraL

4

r INTRODUCTION TO CALLIMACHUS

/jLiya TroLTjfxa, odev -i^vay KacrBy^ Trotâat TrjV 'EKaAT^v.

Some have supposed that Apollon. Argon, iii. 932 fF.

OLKXeirjS o8e fj.dvTL<s os ov8' ocra iralSes LO-acnv otSe

vow cfipdcrcraa-daL kt\. was a second edition insertion

intended to refer to those words of CaUimaehus, the

crow being Callimachus, Mopsus being ApoUoniushimself.

Doubtless Callimachus attributed the attitude of

ApoUonius to envy ; he says of himself : 6 8' êicrev

Kpea-crova f3a(rKavL7]<s, Epigr. xxiii. 4^ cf. Ht/mn. Apoll.

105; and he wrote a poem called Ibis, "of studied

obscurity and abuse on one Ibis, an enemy of Calli-

machus : this was ApoUonius, who wrote the

Argonautica" (Suidas s.v. KaAAt/xaxos), which served

as the model for Ovid's poem of the same name

:

Ovid, Ibis, 53 ff. " Postmodo, si perges, in te mihiliber iambus Tincta Lycambeo sanguine tela dabit.

Nunc, quo Battiades inimicum devovet Ibin, Hocego devoveo teque tuosque modo. Utque ille,

historiis involvam carmina caecis : Non soleamquamvis hoc genus ipse sequi. lUius ambagesimitatus in Ibide dicarOblitus moris iudiciique mei."

To understand the allusion in applying the nameIbis to ApoUonius we have only to read the descrip-

tion of the bird in Strabo xvii. 823, where he is

speaking of the botany and zoology of Egypt

:

" Tamest of all is the Ibis, which is like a stork in

shape and size, and is of two colours, one storklike

[the white or Sacred Ibis], the other all black [the

Glossy Ibis]. Every crossing (Tpio8o<i) in Alexandriais full of them, in some respects usefully, in others

not usefully. Usefully, because they pick up all

sorts of vermin and the offal (^diroKaddpfxaTo) in the

butchers' shops and fish-shops (oôttwXlo). They


are detrimental, because they are omnivorous andunclean (jrafxcfidyov kol aKaOapTov) and are with

difficulty prevented from polluting in every waywhat is clean and what is not theirs (rwv dAA,oT/3i(ov)."

Callimachus, as we have seen, abhorred the

common path {E. xxx. 1 f.), and loved the pure

spring {H. Apoll. 110 f.). So his professed disciple

Propertius iii. 1 . 1 ff. says :" Callimachi Manes . . .

Primus ego ingredior puro de fonte sacerdos Itala

per graios orgia ferre choros. . . . Non datur ad

Musas currere lata via . . . opus hoc de monteSororum DetuUt intacta pagina nostra via." ToCallimachus Apollonius was a treader in the beaten

track, a feeder upon the unclean. Himself he would

not have poetry to be

" Like a broad highway or a populous street

Or like some roadside pool, which no nice art

Has guarded that the cattle may not beat

And foul it with a multitude of feet."

2. Callimachus and the Alexandrine Library

The statement, so unreservedlymade in-manyworkson Greek literature, that Callimachus succeededZenodotus as librarian of the Alexandrian library,

would scarcely concern us here were it not that oneobserves in some recent writing remarks on theposition of Callimachus among his contemporarieswhich proceed on the assumption that the librarian-

ship of Callimachus is an ascertained fact.

6


The genesis of the statement is briefly this. In

1819 F. Osann discovered in a Plautine MS. in Romea scholium which professed to be based on a note byone Caecius on the Plulus of Aristophanes. Osanncommunicated the beginning of this scholium to

Meinekcj who published it in his Quaest. Seen.

Spec. iii. p. 3.

A complete copy of the scholium was published

by F. Ritschl in his Die alexandrinischen Bibliotheken,

Breslau, 1838, pp. 3-4. The MS. in which it occurs

is in the library of the Collegio Romano and is a

fifteenth-century parchment codex of Plautus in 4to,

designated 4.C.39, containing fifteen plays. Thescholium occurs on the page where the Poenulus

ends and the Mostellaria begins. It runs thus :

"Ex Caecio in commento comoediarum Aristo-

phanis poetae in pluto quam possumus opulentiamnuncupare. Alexander aetolus et Lycophron chal-

cidensis et Zenodotus ephestius impulsu Regis

ptolemaei philadelphi cognomento, qui mirum in

modum favebat ingeniis et famae doctorum hominum,graecae artis poeticos libros in unum collegerunt et

in ordinem redegerunt ; Alexander tragoedias, Lyco-phron comoedias, Zenodotus vero Homeri poemataet reliquorum illustrium poetarum. Nam Rex ille

philogophis affertissimus et caeteris omnibus autoribus

Claris disquisitis impensa regiae munificentiae ubique

terrarum quantum valuit voluminibus opera demetrii

phalerii phzxa senum duas bibliothecas fecit, alteram

extra Regiam, alteram autem in Regia. In exteriore

autem fuerunt miUa voluminum quadraginta duo et

octingenta. In Regia autem bibliotheca voluminumquidem commixtorum volumina quadringenta milia,

simplicium autem et digestorum milia nonaginta.


sicuti refert Callimacus aulicus Regius bibliothecarius

qui etiam singulis voluminibus titulos inscripsit.

Fuit praeterea qui idem asseveret eratosthenes nonita multo post eiusdem custos bibliothecae. hec

autem fuerunt omnium gentium ae linguarum quaehabere potuit docta volumina quae summa diligentia

Rex ille in suam linguara fecit ab optimis interpre-

tibiis converti. Ceterum pisistratus sparsam prius

homeri poesim ante ptolemaeum philadelphum annis

ducentis et eo etiam amplius sollerti cura in ea quaenunc e^^tant redegit volumina usus ad hoc opus

divinura industria quattuor celeberrimorum et erudi-

tissimorum hominum videlicet Concyli Onomacriti

athenien, Zopyri heracleotae et Orphei crotoniatae.

Nam carptim prius Homerus et non nisi difficillime

legebatur. Quum etiam post pisistrati curam et

ptolemaei diligentiam aristarchus adhuc exactius in

homeri elimandam collectipnem vigilavit. Helio-

dorus niulta aliter nugatur quae longo convitio

cecius reprehendit. Nam ol' LXXII duobus doctis

viris a pisistrato huic negotio praepositis dicit

homerum ita fuisse compositum. Qui quidem zeno-

doti et aristarchi industria omnibus praelatam com-probarint^ quod constat fuisse falsissimum. Quippecum inter pisistratura et Zenodotum fuerint anni

supra ducentos. Aristarchus autem quattuor annis

minor fuerit ipso et Zenodoto atque ptolemaeo."The unknown Caecius or Cecius W. Dindorf

{Rhein. Mus., 1830, iv. p. 232) proposed to identify

with John Tzetzes.

In 1839 J. A. Cramer published at Oxford his

Anecdota graeca e codd. manuscripLis Bibliothecae Regiae

Paiisiensis. The first of the Anecdota (vol. i. p.

3 ff.) is a short anonymous treatise He/at Kw/x(^8ias

from cod. 267 7, "written apparently in the sixteenth

century " according to the Paris catalogue : butCramer notes that " Catalogi autem confector

indicare neglexit, interesse quaedam vacua foHa inter

caetera quae Codice insunt et opusculum nostrum,

quod diversa prorsus manu scriptum videtur et

aliquantum recentiori : ut aliunde crediderim in

unum volumen cum prioribus coaluisse." Cramerdoes not quite accept the identification of Cecius =Tzetzes.

The relative portion of this treatise is as follovi^s

:

IcTTeOV OTL 'AX€âv8pOS 6 AtTOiXhs KOI AvK6(f)p(DV 6

XaA,Ki8evs VTTO UToXe/xaiov tov îXo.SeXcfôv irporpa-

irkvT€'s Tols arKTjVLKas Siiopdiocrav fSi^Xovs. AvKo^piav

IX€V ras ttJs /cw/iwStas, 'AXeâvSpos Be ras Try? T/oayw8ias,

dXXa 8ri Kal Ta<s (rarvpiKas. 6 yap IlToAe/xatos,

(îXoXoy(siTaTO<s wv, 6ta /XrjprjrpLOV tov âXrjpews kol

kTepuiV kXXoylpujiv dvSpiov, SaTTctvais (âdiXiKals diravra-

yodev rds (St/SXovs ci§ 'AXeâvSpeiav crvvrjOpotcrev, kol

Svcrl l3tl3XLo6T/]KaLS ravTas kirkdero. S>v rrjs €Kro<s fxev

dpLOjxos TerpaKKTixvpiai Stcr^tAtai oKTaKocrtat, t-^Js 8e

Twv dvaKTopiiiv evTos (rvfipayiov fxev fSlf^Xuyv dpiOfios

Ticra-apaKOVTa pvpcdSes, dpayCiv Se koI dirXOtv fivpLaSes

€VV€a' &v TOV<i TTivaKas vcrrepov KaAAi/xa^ô? iireypd-

xj/dTO. 'Eparoa-dei'ei Se rjXLKLCjTrj KaXXi/Jidxov irapa tov

fiacriXeios to tolovtov eveTria-Tevdr] iSifSXiot^vXaKtov.

(An edition of this anonymous treatise correct^ fromvarious MSS. was published bv Studemund, Philologus,

xlvi. (1886).)

Next in the Rkein. Mus. vi. (1847) H. Keil

published from a MS. at Milan^ " cod. AmbrosianusC 222 sup. 4. mai. bombycinus, saec. xiii., qui

olim Georgii Merulae fuit " the Prolegomena to

Aristophanes of John Tzetzes. The superscription

/3if3Kos 'Apicrro(fidvovs Têr^^/v <fiop€ovcr v7ro<f)y]Tr]V is

followed by two versions of the Prolegomena^ the

similarity of which to the scholium Plautinum com-pletely confirms Dindorf's conjecture. The relative

passages in the two versions are as follows

:

I. ^^ Alexander the Aetolian and Lycophron the

Chalcidian encouraged by royal bounties

revised (^Smypduxravro) for Ptolemy Phila-

delphus the scenic books—I mean the booksof Comedy, Tragedy, and Satyric dramas

—

there being with them and helping in the

correction such a librarian of so great a

library— Eratosthenes, Sv /3tÂo)v rovs

TTtVaKas KaA.Ai/xa;ôs aTTtypaxparo. Alexandercorrected the Tragics, Lycophron the

Comics, veaviai rja-av KaAAt/xaxos koX 'E/oaro-

(rdevrjs. These revised the scenic books, as

the Aristarchuses and Zenodotuses looked

over those of the poets."

II. The second version, after a similar reference to

the founding of the library, proceeds to

mention the number of books in the twolibraries, " whereof the number in the out-

side library was 42,800 ; in that within the

Court and Palace the number of ^ mixed'C books was 400,000, of '^ simple and unmixed

'

books 90,000, (OS 6 KaAA.i/>ta;(os v€avl(TKo<s (ov

Tyj<s avXrjs vcrT€p(x)<5 fiera rrjv dvopOoycnv tovs

TTtVaKas avrwv aTreypaxj/aTo. Eratosthenes,

his contemporary, was entrusted by the kingwith such a great library. aAAa rd KaAAi/xa-

Xov Kal Tov 'Eparoardevovs fierd ^paxyv riva

Xpovov iyeveTo ttJs (rvvayoyyrjs rcSv jSi/Skdov, tos

10

€<j>riu, /cat SiopBioaeiO's, Kai kir avrov tov

XlToAe/xatov tov ^tXaSe X<j>ov."

Thus the Plautine scholium alone names Calli-

maehus as librarian^ and even the phrase "aulicus

Regius bibliothecarius " does not necessarily implythat he was Chief Librarian. The words, in fact

seem rather to be merely a loose translation* of the

statement in the second version of Tzetzes.

The Prolegomena of Tzetzes can be consulted

conveniently in the Appendix to Nauck's edition of

the Lexicon Vindobonense, St. Petersburg, 1867, or in

Kaibel, Comicorum Xir. Frag. (Berlin 1899)^ p. 18 fF.

3. Works

,It will be convenient to divide these into twogroups.

A. Works mentioned by Suidas s.v. KaXXifxaxos.

His list does not profess to be complete :" among

his books are also these." The list runs as follows :

1. The Coming of lo. 2. Semele. 3. Settlements

of Argos. 4. Arcadia. 5. Glaucus. 6. Hopes('EA7rt6es). Nothing is known of any of these.

They may not have been independent works at all,

but merely subsections of the Aiiia or other worksmentioned below.

Suidas then mentions 7. Satyric dramas. 8.

Tragedies. 9- Comedies. 10. Lyrics (/xeA^). 11. Ibis

(see above).

Then follows a list of works presumably in prose :

1 2. Museum. This, of which nothing is known,

11

may have been a sub-title of the Pinaces. 13. Tables

of all those who were eminent in any kind of litera-

ture and of their writings (IlivaKes twv €v iraxnrj

TratSetct SiaAa/Aâvrwv kol cSv a-vveypaxj/av) in 1 20

books. 14. Table and register of dramatic poets

chronologically^ from the earliest times (IliVa^ Kal

dvaypacf)r] twv Kara )(^p6vov'S Kal dir apx^^ yevofxevcov

StSacr/caAwv).

No. 14 is doubtless only a sub-title of No. 13.

These tables were a catalogue of the books in the

larger Alexandrian Library^ i.e. part of the Brycheionnear the Museum. Besides giving a list of anauthor's works, this catalogue contained a bio-

graphical sketch of each author. It would seemthat the authors were distributed in at least eight

classes : Epic and other non - dramatic poets

;

Dramatic poets ; Legislation (this was Pinax No. 3;

Athen. 585 b, vo/jlov a-varcnTLKOV. . . dveypaxpe 8' avTov

KaAAt/xaôs ev^ TO) rpiTO) TvlvaKi rwv No/xwv) ; Philosophy(Diog. Laert. viii. 86 ; Athen. 252 c) ; History (Athen.

ii. 70 b) ; Oratory (Athen. 6^^ e KaAAt/âxos h rrj tmv'^Fr)TopiKwv dvaypa<f)rjy. Miscellaneous (jiov TravroSa-n-ioVj

Athen. 244 a). The Pinaces gave also the openingwords of each book and the number of lines it con-

tained (Athen. 244 a, 585b; Harpocrat. s.v."Iwv).

15. Table of the Glosses and Compositions of

Democritus (TLiva^ tcov ArjixoKptrov ykiocrcrMv Kal

(rvvray/jLaTiovy l6. Local Month-names (M7;v(ijv tt/joo--

rjyoptat, Kara Wvos Kal iroXets). 17. Foundations of

Islands and Cities and changes of name (Krto-eis

V7](T(i}v Kal TTokeiov Kal p,eTovo[xa.a-iai). Known onlyfrom Suidas. 18. On the Rivers in Europe. A sub-title of No. 23. 19. On strange and marvellousthings in Peloponnesus and Italy. A sub-title'of

12


No. 24. 20. TLepl /xeToi/o/Aao-ias IxOvoiv. 21. liepl

dve/xiov. Probably sub-titles of the 'E^. 'Ovofx. (see

below). 22. On Birds (Ilcpl opveojv). This, cited byAthen. 388 d as Jlepl opvWuiv, may have been a sub-

title of the 'E^. 'Ovop.. (see below). 23. On the

Rivers of the World (IJept twv h rrj oLKovpêvy Trora-

/xwv). 24. Collection of marvels in all the earth

according to localities {Oavp.aroiv twv eh aTracrav rr^v

yyjv Kara tottovs (rvvayioyq). This wâs used by Anti-

gonus of Carystus.

B. Works not mentioned in Suidas' list but knownof from other sources.

25. Aetia. 26. Hecale. 27. On Games (Uept

dyuiVMv). 28. Galatea. 29. Iambi. 30. Tpaêiov.

31. Epigrams. 32. The Lock of Berenice (Bepevi/cTys

TrAoKa/xos) = Catullus Ixvi. 33. Six Hymns. 34.

Elegy on Sosibios. 35. 'Apa-Lvorjs ydp,os, inferred

from fr. 196. 36. Branchos. 37. Jlepl AoyaScov.

38. Customs of Barbarians. 39- On the Nymphs.40. 'EdvLKal 'Ovop-aa-laL, or local nomenclature,

Athen. 329 a ( = fr. 38). To this belonged probably

not only the Hepl fxeTovopaaias (Karovo/xaatas ?) i^^^vwv

(No. 20), but also the Ilept dve/xwv (No. 21), the Uepl

6pv€(x)v, No. 22 above, and the Mr^vwv irpocrrjyopiai,

No. l6 above. 41. On the Rivers of Asia (schol.

Ap. Rh. i. 1165). A sub-title of No. 23 above. 42.

II/oos IIpa^L(f)dvr], Fit. Arati i. 43. ^YiropLV-qp.aTa

IcTTopiKd.

4. The mss. of the Hymns

All the extant MSS. descend from a Byzantinesylloge which contained the Hymns of Homer,

13


Callimachus, Orpheus, and Proclus. A MS. con-

taining this collection was brought from Constan-

tinople to Venice in 1423 by loannes Aurispa

(Sandys, Hist. Class. Schol ii. SQ), Neither this MS.nor any immediate copy of it survives, but from it

are derived all existing MSS. of the Hymns of

Callimachus.

These MSS. are now divided into three families

:

E, best represented by

m (Schneider S) = Matritensis Bibl. Nat. N 24,

written by Constantine Lascaris at Milan in

1464(1454 Schn.), containing Musaeus' /^ero

and Leander, Orpheus' Argonautica andHymns, the Hymns of Homer and Calli-

machus, and a collection of ancient epigrams.

q (Schneider Q) = Mutinensis Bibl. Estensis iii.

Ell, written by Georgius Valla of Piacenza,

who died in 1499 (Sandys ii. 133). Of this

MS. Schneider had only an imperfect colla-

tion, which he regrets, ^^nam codex inter

meliores est et proxime accedere videtur adcodicis E [i.e. Parisinus 2763] bonitatem."

p = Parisinus suppl. Gr. 1095 (page lost whichcontained iii. 66-145) olim S. Petri Perusinus

(library of S. Pierre de Perouse (Perugia)).

d (Schneider D) = Laurentianus 32, 45. Thepart of this MS. which contained Calli-

machus is now lost, having been torn out to

be printed in the editio princeps of JanusLascaris, Florence 1494, which now repre-

sents the lost MS.

Other MSS. of the E-family are Schneider's V,

i.e. the MS. from which in 1489 Angelus Politianus

14


published his Latin version of the Bath of Pallas

(Hymn v.).

Also Schneider's E, i.e. Parisinus 2763, written

in the fifteenth century, and containing Orpheus'Argonautica and Hymns, the Hymns of Callimachus

with marginal scholia, Homeric Hymns, Moschus'

Amor Fugitivus ("E/oto? A/aaTrcrr^v), Musaeus' Heroand Leander, Hesiod's Works and Days, Shield, andTheogony, Theocritus' Idylls. This is the only MS.which places the Bath of Pallas after the Hymn to

Demeter.

A, best represented by

a(SchneiderA) = Vaticanus 1 69 1 , fifteenth century,

containing Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica

with scholia, Orpheus' Argonautica andHymns, and the Hymns of Callimachus ;

also by Vaticanus 36 (Schneider B), fifteenth century;

Venetus Marcianus 480 (Schneider C), which be-

longed to Cardinal Bessarion and was written byJoannes Rhosus ; Urbinas 145 (Schneider K), endof fifteenth century.

F, represented by

r = Athous Laurae 587 (in the Laura monasteryon M. Athos), fourteenth century.

f (Schneider F) = Ambrosianus B 98, fifteenth

century, containing Apollonius' Argonautica

with scholl.. Homer sBatrachom., Herodotus'

Life of Homer, Hom. Hymns, and Calli-

machus' Hymns, etc.

15

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Editio princeps : Joannes Lascaris, Florence^ 1494 (with

scholia). Aldina, Venice, 1513. Frobeniana, Basel,

1532. Vascosiana, Paris, 1549. Robortelli (?),

Venice, 1555. H. Stephanus in Poet. Gr. principes

heroici carminiSj Paris, 1566 (with the Epigrams).

Benenatus, Paris, 1574. H. Stephanus, Paris, 1577(with Frischlin's translation). Bonaventura Vul-

canius, Antwerp, 1584. Anna Dacier (Faber)

;

Paris, 1675.

J. G. Graevius, Utrecht, 1697 (with Bentley's

collection of fragments, and Spanheim's commentary).Thomas Bentley (?), London, 1741. Stubelius,

Leipzig, 1741. Bandinius, Florence, 1763-1764 (with

versions in Latin and Italian). J. A. Ernesti, Ley-den, 1761 (with the fragments and Spanheim's com-mentary). Loesner, Leipzig, 1774. de la Porte duTheil, Paris, 1775. Petrucci, Rome, 1795^, 1818.

W. Bilderdijk, Amsterdam, 1808. C. J. Blomfield,

London, 1815 (an abbreviated Ernesti). Volger,Leipzig, 1817. Boissonade, Paris, 1824. AugustMeineke, Berlin, 1861, " omnes longo post se inter-

vallo reliquit" (Schneider). O. Schneider, Leipzig,

1870-1873.Hymns and Epigrams, .Wilamowitz-MoellendorfF,

Berlin, 1882^, 1896^, 1907^ Inni di Callimaco su

Diana e sui Lavacri ^ di Pallade, Recensione,Traduzione e commento, t. Nigra, Turin, 1892.

Translations : German—Ahlwardt, Berlin, 1794 ; Schwenk,Bonn, 1821, Stuttgart, 1833.

Italian—Hymns iii. and v., C Nigra (see above).

16

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Lock of Berenice, O. Nigra, Milan, 1879, S.

Scalzi, Bergamo, 1895.

English—J. Banks (verse by Tytler), London,1879.

Trans, of the epigrams by A. Hauvette (see below).

Scholia : G. Reinecke, De scholiis Callimacheis, Diss.

Halenses ix. 1-65 (1888).

Other Literature : A. F. Naeke, De Call. Hecale, Bonn,1829. M. Haupt, Emendationes Callimacheae, Berlin,

1859.

Dilthey, Analecta Callimachea, Bonn, 1865.

W. Weinberger, Kallim. Studien, Vienna, 1895.

K. Kuiper, Studia Callimachea, Leyden, 1896,1898.

''^ Kallimachos und Kyrene," E. Maass m. Hermes25 (1890), Studniczka in Hermes, 28 (1893).

Aug. Rostagni, Poeti Alessandrini, Turin, 1916,

pp. 253-327.

'^Die Locke der Berenike," Wilamowitz-Moellen-dorff, Reden u. Vortr'dge, Berlin, 1901, p. 195 if.

Ph. E. Legrand, "Pourquoi furent composes les

Hymnes de Callimaque," Rev. d. 6t. anc. 1901. C.

Caesi, '' Stud. Callimachei," in Studi ital. di Filol.

class, vii. p. 301 ff., Florence, 1902.

A. Ludwich, Callimachea, Konigsberg, 1907.

A. Hauvette, '^^ Les Epigrammes de Callimaque."Etude critique et^ litteraire accompagnee d'unetraduction, Rev. d. Et. gr. 1907, and Paris, 1907.

New Fragments : T. Gomperz, Aus der Hekale d. Kallim.,

Vienna, 1893 ; I. Nicole, Rev. d. M. gr. 1904 ; A.

Puech, ibid. 1910 ; K. Kuiper, ibid. 1912 and 1916;

P. Graindor, Musee Beige, 1911.

17

INTRODUCTION TO CALLIMACHUS'SHYMNS

As a literary form the Callimachean Hymn is the

descendant of the Homeric. That Callimachus wrotehis Hymns with a practical purpose, to be recited on real

occasions of public or semi-public ceremony, is a very

general assumption of modern scholarship. Thus Suse-

mihl, Geschichte d. griech. Litt. in d. Alexandrinerzeit,

i. 358 :" Sie waren ohne Zweifel bestimmt bei festlichen

Gelegenheiten declamirt zu werden " ; and to the sameeffect Couatj La Poesie alexandrine, p. 198 :

'^ Les allusions

directes qui s'y trouvent prouvent qu'ils etaient composespour une recitation publique, en vue de circonstances

determinees. lis ont le plus souvent pour objet decelebrer dans une fete religieuse, sous le nom d'unedivinite, la grandeur du prince et la gloire de son regne."

As to the truth of the assumption one may be permittedto be sceptical, and our scepticism is rather increased bythe poverty of the arguments adduced in its favour, andthe diversity of the theories advanced as to the particular

festival contemplated in a given Hymn. It is, moreover,to be remembered that a poem not intended for ceremonialperformance may be none the less alive and pertinent to

real events. It is difficult to see how Tennyson's Ode onthe Death of the Duke of Wellington would gain either in

poetic merit or in historical value if we knew it to havebeen actually performed in the Abbey ; and it would bea matter rather of personal curiosity than of literary

18

INTRODUCTION TO THE HYMNS

interest to discover that Mr. Bridges' Elegy on a Ladywas sung by a choir of maidens at a real funeral.

II.—Hymn I. To Zeus

After announcing his theme—the praise of Zeus—thepoet refers to the rival claims of Crete and Arcadia to bethe birthplace of Zeus. The Arcadian claim is preferred

—Cretans are always liars (1-9). Zeus was born in

Arcadia (10-33), thence he was conveyed by Neda to the

Cretan cave, where he was cradled by Adrasteia, attendedby the Dictaean Meliae, suckled by the she-goat Amaltheia,and fed on honey by the Panacrian bees, while the Curetesdanced round him to protect him from Cronus (33-53).

The mention of the Dictaean Meliae implies that the cave

is on Dicte {cf. Arat. 33), not on Ida. The cult of the

Idaean cave seems to have superseded that of Dicte, fromperhaps 800 b.c. {cf. A. B, Cook, Zeus, i, 150). Zeusspeedily exhibits precocious powers, and his elder brothers

ungrudgingly yield to him the sovereignty of Heaven(53-59). His supremacy is due to his own prowess, not,

as the old poets fabled, to the casting of lots (60-67).

Zeus has all the attributes of the supreme king. Theking of birds is his messenger, the kings of men derive

their power from him, iK 8^ Aibs /3a(nX?7es= Hesiod, Th. 96,

they are his peculiar care, above all Ptolemy (67-91).

The Hymn ends with the x°^'-P^t'-<^I^^) which is the Prayerproper (92-97).

As to the date and destination of the poem, the idea

of Richter that it was written for the accession of PtolemyPhiladelphus in 285 b.c. is rejected on the ground that

the poem in no way suggests a coronation hymn. Aconjecture which j&nds more favour is that lines 58 f.,

which tell of the elevation of Zeus over his older brothers,

allude to the circumstances of Ptolemy's accession.

Ptolemy Soter left five sons of whom Philadelphus wasthe youngest (Justin, xvi. 2, 7). There is no reason to

suppose that they accepted Ptolemy's elevation with

equanimity, nor was their fate such as to make any reference

19

to them a happy one. Recovery of the Egyptian thronewas doubtless the ultimate objective of the stormy career

of Ptolemy Ceraunus, who left Egypt for the court of

Lysimachus of Thrace^ where with Arsinoe II. hecompassed the death of the crown prince Agathocles

;

went thence to Seleucus whom he accompanied to

Corupedion (281 b.c.) where Lysimachus fell ; nextassassinated Seleucus and became king of Thrace^ butshortly after (280 b.c.) fell in a battle with the Gauls(Justin, xxiv. 3. 4). His brother Meleagrus whosucceeded him was almost immediately deposed. As for

the remaining brothers, Pausau. i. 7. 1, after mentioningthe marriage of Philadelphus to Arsinoe II., says : deOrepa

Sk ddeX^bv air^Kreivev ' Apyaiou iiri^ovkevovTa (ij XeyeraL . . .

dir^KTeive de Kal dWof ddeXcpbv yeyovora e^ l^vpvSiKrjs, Kvwplovs

d.<j)L<yTdvTa aladbfxevos. It is argued, then, that the Hymnbelongs to a time when his brothers had not yet made anymove against Philadelphus. But it is difficult to assert

that there was any time after the elevation of Ptolemywhen their hostility was not obvious. Clearly, too, thereference, if reference there be, may just as well be anadmonition, reproving their hostile attitude by appealingto the example of Zeus and his brothers. Wilamowitz,Textgeschichte d. griech. Bukol. p. 66, who thinks it un-deniable that lines 58 f. allude to Ptolemy's succession,

considers that the poem is dated by the absence of anyreference to the marriage of Ptolemy and Arsinoe II.

Couat dated it 280-275. Kaibel on certain metrical

grounds put it later than III., V., VI., but earlier thanII. and IV.

The preference given to the Arcadian tradition regard-ing Zeus is made iDy E. Maass, Hermes xxv. (1890), thebasis of a theory of the destination of the poem. Wehave to do, he says, with a contamination of an originally

purely Arcadian (Peloponnesian) saga with an originally

purely Cretan saga in such manner that the Arcadian(Peloponnesian) is preferred. Now in the time of BattusII., circ. 570, we hear of a large accession of colonists fromall parts of Greece to Cyreue (Herod, iv. 159), and in the

20


time of Battus III. troubles^ doubtless due to this immigra-tion, caused the Cyreneans to apply to Delphi. On theadvice of the oracle they asked Mantinea in Arcadia for acommissioner to arrange their affairs. The Mantineanssent Demonq,x as KaTapria-ri^p, who distributed the popula-tion in three phylae : 1. Theraeans and perioeci. 2.

Peloponnesians and Cretans. 8. All islanders {vqaidTai.)

(Herod iv. 161). Maass argues that the Peloponnesian-Cretan contamination of the Zeus tradition arose in the2nd Cyrenean phyle, and for a symposium of private

persons belonging to that phtjle the Hymn was written.

Maass' theory is entirely unnecessary. Everything points

to the original Gjeek settlers of Cyrene having comefrom the JPeloponnesus (Arcadia-Taenarus), partly direct,

partly by way of Crete. Thus from the first the Cyreneansettlement would have been precisely of the type whichMaass desiderates and finds in the later 2nd phyle.

III.—Hymn II. To Apollo

As to the destination of this Hymn, Couat, p. 235,Susemihl i. p. 361, Maass, Hermes xxv. (1890), agree that it

was written for the Carnean festival of Apollo at Cyrene.Maass, it is true, is somewhat troubled by the *^Delian"palm. But he gravely conjectures that a scion of theDelian tree was grown in Cyrene and he appeals to Hehn,Kultiirpflanzen, p. 224, to show that the palm is easily

transplanted. Most readers will probably feel withMalten (Kyrene, p. 52, n. 1) that the conjecture is '^^zu

gesucht!

" We entirely agree with Malten—though notquite on the same grounds— that'^^^obwohl er also vonden kyrenaischen Karneen handelt, hat Kallimachosseinen Hymn us so wenig als ein sacrales Gedicht fur

Kyrene gedichtet wie Goethe die ^V^alpurgisnacht fiir denBrocken."

The speaker throughout is the poet, and the occasion

imagined is the epiphany of the God. To-day Apollo is

to visit his temple. Ere yet the God veritably comes, weperceive the signs of his approach in the quivering of the

21


holy laurel, in the trembling of the shrine. It is timefor the profane to withdraw. Apollo is at the gate—the

Delian palm bows to do him homage, the cry of the swan,

Apollo's sacred bird, is heard on high. Let the doors of

themselves roll back ! Let the young men declare his

praise with voice and harp ! To see Apollo is not given

unto all : it is the proof and promise of the Elect. Thatproof and that promise shall be ours. Now Apollo is

present in his temple—let the youths sing his praise : so

shall their days be long in the laud which Apollo gaveunto their fathers (1-15). Now the youths raise their songin honour of Apollo. Be silent, all ye faith ful, and hearkento that Paean which wins Thetis from her mourning andstays the tears of Niobe—whose monumental grief still pro-

claims the sorrow and the sin of envy, of war with Heaven.Against Heaven, against my king : against my king,

against Apollo ! But they who sing the praise of Apolloshall have their reward (16-29). Rich in gold is Apollo,ever beautiful and ever young, his unshorn locks sheddews of healing wheresoever he goes. He is the pattern

and patron of the Archer, the Poet, the Prophet, thePhysician, nay he is the Pastoral God (Nomios) as well,

ever since upon earth he did such service for Admetus.Lastly, he is the Founder of Cities, ever since as a child

of four years he built the Altar of Horns in Delos (29-64).

Under his guidance was Cyrene founded {65 ff.). Lines65-96 are occupied with the story of Cyrene, 97-104 withthe origin of the cry Hie Paean. Finally 105-113 containthe remarkable parable of Envy.

The schol. on v. 106 says :" In these words he rebukes

those who jeered at him as not being able to write a big

poem : which taunt drove him to write the Hecale." It

is generally assumed that Phthonos represents ApolloniusRhodius and Apollo perhaps Ptolemy. There is a striking

parallel to v. 106 in Apoll. Rh. iii. 932 f. dKXeirjs bde /jlolvtcs,

8s ov5' 6cra waiSes taaaiv\olde voi^ ^pdcraacrdai. But into the

thorny chronology of the quarrel of Callimachus andApollonius we cannot here enter. We can only saydogmatically that there is no real difficulty in the syntax

22


of oi55' 6aa : that the coustruction intended is Sa-a trbvTos

deldei, not earl or the like : that irdvTos is the sea, not theEuxine, as Mr, Smiley, Hermathenaxxxix. (1913), followingVoss, conjectures : and the " Assyrian river " is, as theschol. says, the Euphrates, not a river—Halys or Iris—in

Leucosyria (Smiley, I.e.),

For the student who is interested in the relations ofCallimachus and ApoUonius we append a list of passagesin which he may find, as he pleases, coincidence or"versteckte Kritik": Call. H. i. 15 = A. i. 129; B. ii.

79 = A. i. 431; H. ii. 96 = A. ii. 711 f. ; H. ii. 106= A.iii. 982 f. ; H. iii. 45 = A. iii. 881 ; H. iii. 108 = A. i. 997 ;

H. iii. 176 = A. iii. 1344; N. iii. 182= A. iv. 961; Call.

Hec. i. 1. 12 = A. iv. 217; Hec. i. 2. 11 = A. i. 177; Hec.4= A. i. 972; Hec. 5 = A. i. 1116; Hee. 6= A. iii. 277;Hee. 19= A. iii. 1226; Call./r. ineert. 9(a) = A. iv. I7l7

;

9(b)= A. ii. 1094; 21 = A. iv. 1323; 64= A. i. 738; 65 =A. i. 1309; 112 = A. iv. 1614.

As to the date of the poem it is agreed that it mustbelong to a period when Egypt and Cyrene were friendly,

say 258-247 b.c. In vv. 26 and 27 Callimachus speaksof "my king" in the singular. Now we know fromofficial documents that from 267/6 to 260/259 Ptolemyhad as co-regent a son named Ptolemy. It is prettygenerally agreed that this son was none other than thefuture Euergetes (Ptolemy III.), the reason for the dis-

appearance of his name from 260/259 being that by his

betrothal to Berenice, daughter of Magas, he becamevirtual king of Cyrene (see introd. and notes to the Lockof Berenice). If this is right, then the Hymn cannot beearlier than 258 b.c. Malten {Kyrene, p. 51) says that if

the war between Ptolemy and Cyrene, of which Polyaen.viii, 70 speaks, is rightly placed by Niese in 250-247, thenthe poem cannot be later than 250. The words vfieripois

/Sao-iXeCo-t v. 68 are much disputed. Who are " our kings " ?

It seems natural to understand the Battiadae, to whom as

a matter of fact the promise was made (oracles in Herod,iv. 155, 157 and Diodor. viii. 29), and so the words are

understood by Maass and Studniczka. On the other

23

hand it is pointed out that the Battiad rule came to anend with the fall of Arcesilas IV. somewhat between 460and 450 b.c. Hence it is more usually supposed that thereference is to the Ptolemies generally or more particularly

to Philadelphus as king of Egypt and Euergetes as kingin Cyrene.The schol. on v. 26 has ^a<n\r}i'] t(^ nroXe/ia^y r^

'EivepyiTrj' 8ia 5e to (f)i\6\oyov avrbv elvai cos debv riixq.. Thisis accepted by Studniczka who, proceeding on theequation Apollo = Ptolemy, thinks the king referred to

must be young, i.e. not Philadelphus but Euergetes.But Studniczka goes farther. He holds that the sceneof Gyrene's lion-slaying was originally Thessaly and that

tradition was accepted by Callimachus in the Hymn to

Artemis 206-8 : between that Hymn and the Hymn to

Apollo a new version arose which transferred the sceneto Libya : this was an invention of Callimachus intendedto represent Cyrene as Berenice, daughter of Magas : thelion is Demetrius 6 /caX6s whom Berenice slew ; and thedate of the poem is 247 when Cyrene was united to Egyptby the marriage of Euergetes and Berenice.

IV.

—

Cyrene

1. The legend of the nymph Cyrene was told in the

Eoeae of Hesiod (schol. Pind. P. ix. 6 = Hes. fr. 149)

from whom Pindar tells the story in P. ix. Cyrene,

daughter of Hypseus, is seen by Apollo struggling with

a lion near Mount Pelion. In accordance with the

prophecy of Cheiron Apollo carries her to Libya whereshe becomes mother of Aristaeus and eponym of the

city of Cyrene. According to Acesandrus of Cyrenethe king of Libya at the time was Eurypylus, whose land

was being ravaged by a lion. Eurypylus offered his

kingdom as a reward for slaying the lion. Cyrene,having performed the feat, received the kingdom. Shebare two sons, Autuchus and Aristaeus (schol. Apoll. Rh.ii. 498). According to Phylarchus she came to Libya

/ierd trXeiQvwv. When her company were sent out to

24

huut she went with them, slew the lion and received thekingdom. She bare to Apollo two sons, Autuchus andAristaeus. Autuchus remained in Libya, Aristaeus wentto Ceos (schol. Apoll. Rh. I.e.). Apollonius's account in

ii. 600 if. does not mention the slaying of the lion. ToNonnus she is essentially the lion-slayer {\€OPTo<p6vos)

27, 263 ; 25, 181 ; 45, 21 ; 46, 238, etc.

2. The story of the foundation of Cyrene is told in

Pindar, P. iv., Herod, iv. 145 if., Lycophron 886 ff., Apoll.Rh. iv. 1232 ff. The Argonauts on their way home weredriven by the wind into the Syrtes, from which theycarried their ship overland for twelve days and nights toLake Tritonis. From this they found no outlet to the sea,

till Triton appeared to them, in guise of Eurypylus, sonof Poseidon, who, in return for the gift of a tripod,

presented Euphemus with a clod of earth and showedthem the way out. The clod, which was the earnest ofthe possession of Libya, fell overboard and landed at

Thera. Medea declared that (1) had Euphemus takenthe clod home to Taenarus in Laconia, then, in the courseof the great migrations from the Peloponnesus in thefourth generation, his descendants would have colonizedLibya

; (2) as it is, Euphemus will go with the Argonautsto Lemnus where in wedlock with a Lemnian wife he will

beget descendants who will come to Thera, whence Battuswill lead a colony to Libya and so in the seventeenthgeneration fulfil Medea's prophecy.

The fulfilment came about in this way. The descend-ants of Euphemus were driven from Lemnos by thePelasgians, and came to Laconia where they settled onTaygetus. On the ground of their ancestry they wereadmitted to citizenship at Sparta, but when they aspiredto the kingship they were thrown into prison, from whichthey escaped again to Taygetus. At this time Theras (see

II. ii. 74 w.) was preparing to lead a colony to Calliste

(Thera), and he took with him a party of the Euphemidrefugees. Finally, by order of the Delphic oracle (for

details see Herod, iv. 150 ff.), Battus sets out for Libyawith a party of colonists. They reach Plateia, an island

25


off the coast of Cyrenaica;, where they stay for two years.

Thiug-s going badly with them, they consult Delphi andlearn that they must proceed to Libya itself. They cross

to the mainland and settle for six years in Aziris (Azilis),

rbv vdirai /cdXXtcTTat avyKkqiovai (Herod, iv. 157^ cf. Callim.

H. ii. 89). In the seventh year the Libyans conduct themwestward, passing Irasa by night, until they reacli the

Kp-fivTj 'KirbWwvos where they settle.

Here was the " Hill of Myrtles," from which Apolloand Cyrene watched the Theraeans dancing with theLibyan women—the Myrtussa of Callimachus ii. 91, the

^vpTibaiov aliros of Apoll. Rh. ii. 605. Smith and Porcher,

Discoveries at Cyrene (1864), record an inscription (No. 13)

found near the temple of Apollo at Cyrene which is

dedicated 'A.Trb\\(jovi MvpTdcf}, and they remark (p. 27) onthe abundance of myrtles in the place at the present day.

Here, too, was the imagined scene of the slaying of thelion by Cyrene (cf. Malten, Kyrene, p. 56).

V.

—

Hymn HI. To Artemis

According to Susemihl (i. 360) the one thing certain

about the date of this Hymn is that it was written after

277 B.C., because lines 251-258 presuppose the invasion of

Asia Minor by the Gauls in 278/7 b.c, and their raid

upon the Ionian towns (Pausan. x. 32. 4), when accordingto the dubious story of the Rhodian Cleitophon Ephesuswas betrayed to them (Plut. Parall. 15, Miiller, F.H.G.iv. 367). The assumption is a common one, but withoutthe slightest foundation. Callimachus refers to theburning of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus by theCimmerians under Lygdamis in the seventh century(Strabo i. 61, Herod, i. 15). To see in this a covert

allusion to the Celts as Couat and others do is a perfectly

gratuitous extravagance.

Gercke, jR^ein. Mus. xlii. (1887), p. 273 ff., sees in v. 130 ff.

an allusion to the two Arsinoes who are the elvdrepes andyd\6(^ : elvdrepes because Philadelphus, the husband ofArsinoe I., and Ceraunus, the husband of Arsinoe II.,

26


were (half) brothers, and 70X6^ because Arsinoe I. wasthe wife while Arsinoe II. was the sister of Philadelphus.

This would date the Hymn previous to the repudiation ofArsinoe I. and Philadelphus's marriage to Arsinoe 11.

Couat, on the other hand, holding that it was written for

the festival of Artemis at Ephesus, dates it between 258and 248 b.c.

E. Maass, Hermes xxv. (1890), propounds a theory for

which there is absolutely nothing to be said, namely, that

it was written for the Artemis festival of the Third Phyleat Cyrene, which, as we have seen, was made up of the

Nr/o-tcDrai. It is enough to say here that there is not anatom of evidence that the Third Phyle had anything to dowith Artemis, and the " surprising fact " from which his

theory starts, namely, that Artemis is attended by a choir

of Ocean nymphs, is of all things the least surprising. InHomer, Od. vi. 105, Artemis is attended by the nymphs,and though they are there said to be daughters of Zeus,

the far more fundamental doctrine is that the nymphs are

daughters of Ocean. They are the female counterpart of

the Rivers {UorafMoi)—see Hesiod, Theog. 337 ff., whosedoctrine is followed by Callimachus in Hymn i. 35 f. Andif the choir of Artemis here needs such a desperate

apology, how shall we apologize for Apollonius who (iii.

881 if.) like Callimachus makes her attended by the

nymphs of Amnisus, who are at any rate grand-daughtersof Oceanus }

Maass holds that the poem must belong to a time whenAlexandria and Cyrene were friendly, thus at earliest

circ. 260 b.c. Kaibel on metrical grounds would put it

earlier than any of the Hymns except vi. The early date

for which Gercke argued is accepted by Studniczka, whothinks the humble role assigned to Cyrene in tliis Hymnimplies a time when Alexandria and Cyrene were on such

unfriendly terms that a court poet could not well occupyhimself with the latter.

The lines referring to Cyrene have been the subject of

much dispute : koI fxr]i^ Kvprjvrjv eraplaaao, rg ttot ISo/cas|avrr]

dr)pr]Trjpe dvu k6v€, tois ^pl Kovpr)\'txprjls wapa t^t/x^op 'IuAklop

27


^fjLfiop didXov (206-8). The ^' lolcian tomb," according to

the schol., is the tomb of Pelias. Studniczka follows

Spanheim in thinking that î^/j-op d^dXov refers to Gyrene's

slaying of the lion. Meineke thought the reference wasto a hunting contest at the funeral games of Pelias.

Malten, Kyrene, p. 63, says, " Dafi der tv/hôs 'IwXkios, woKyrene an Wettspielen teilnimmt (^fijuope, sie ist also nicht

die einzige, die dort wettkampft !), ein Hinweis auf die

Grabspiele zu Ehren des Pelias sei, ist eine aus der Naturder Sache ergebende Folgerung Meinekes und Vahlens.

Da6 in Wettspielen, an denen mehrere beteiligt sind, kein

Lowenkampf figurieren kann, ist ebenso natiirlich. Alsobesteht Kyrenes Kunst hier in einem Wettlauf inbinnen{roh ivi) ihrer Hunde. Dariiber kann man sich wundern,aber die Worte besagen dies und jiiehts anderes." But,apart from the fact that the freak race suggested receives

no sort of support from such expressions as Hor. Ep.

i. 18. 50 f. cum valeas et vel cursu superare canem, noteven Malten's authority can compel us to assign an im-possible meaning (1) to tols hu^ (2) to 'ijxfiope, and (3) to

d^dXov. i/xfiop' d^dXov means '' won the prize," and only onthat assumption is tois ^pi, ^^ with which," perfectly natural

Greek. Whether the contest was part of the funeral

games of Pelias is of course a totally different question.

VI.—Hymn IV. To Delos

For dating this Hymn we have the references in the

prophecy of Apollo to the extent of the dominion of

Ptolemy Philadelphus (165-170) and to the Gauls (171-

188).

Apollo, prophesying of Philadelphus, says, '^'^ beneathwhose crown shall come—not loth to be ruled by a

Macedonian—both continents and the lands which are set

in the sea, far as where the limit of the earth is and againwhence his swift horses carry the sun." We are immedi-ately reminded of the more detailed account of Ptolemy'sdominion in the xviith Idyll of Theocritus, the 'EyKufiLov

els UroXefxaôv, where we read, 86 if. :

28

Kal ixT]v ^oiviKas aTroTifiperai 'Appa^las re

Kal liVpLas Ai^vas re KeXaivQv t AWiott'tjuv.

Jla/KpOXoKri re iraai Kal aix/XTyrats KcXiKcaaL

aafxaivei, AvkLois re <f)CKoTrTo\^ixoL<xl re Kapcr/,

Koi vdaois Kr/cXciSetrcriJ', iirei oi vdes ApiaraL

irbvTov iTTiirXwoPTi, ddXaccra d^ iraca Kal ata,

Kal TTOTafJLol KeXddovres avdaaovrai UToXefxalcf.

Into the question of the mutual relations of Theocritusand Callimachus we cannot here enter. Theocritus in his

Encomium speaks of Arsinoe II. as still alive, which dates

the poem hefore 270 b.c. Wilamowitz puts it during the

First Syrian War—" als der Krieg gegen Syrien_, der 274begonnen hat, guten Fortgang nahm, aber noch im Gangewar" {Textgeschichte d. gr. Bukol. p. 152). If we assumethe year 271 b.c, the year in which that war ended, as

the date of the Hymn to Delos, the dominion of Phil-

adelphus at that date would sufficiently justify the words of

Callimachus. It included, outside Egypt, Coele Syria

(recovered about 280), Lycia, Caria, Miletus, the island ofCyprus, and the Cyclades.

The reference to the Gallic invasion (see notes on thepassage) would suit the supposed date very well. Theschol. on V. l7o says : "Brennus, the king of the Gauls,

gathered together the Celts and went against Pytho,wishing to plunder the treasures of the god. But whenthey approached, Apollo destroyed most of them by hail.

A few survived, and one Antigonus, a friend of PtolemyPhiladelphus, procured them to serve him as mercenaries,

Ptolemy wanting such an army at the moment. But theywere equally eager to plunder his treasures. Knowingthis he arrested them and brought them to the so-called

Sebennytic mouth of the Nile where he drowned them.This is the ^common struggle' which he prophesies."

Some regard the Antigonus mentioned above as the kingof Macedon, others as merely a recruiting agent. Theaccount of the incident in Paus. i. 7- 2 is :

" WhenPtolemy was preparing to repel the aggression of Magashe procured mercenaries, among them four thousandGauls. Finding that these were plotting to seize Egypt,

29

he conducted them over the river to a desert island, wherethey perished by each other's hands and by hunger."

It should be remembered, further, that from 308 b.c.

there existed the Confederation of the Islanders— T6

Koivbp Tuv 'Nrjo-icoTwv— under the protectorate of Egyptand having its headquarters at Delos. See Dittenberger,

Orient, gr. Inscr. Nos. 25, 40, 67, Syll.^ Nos. 202, 209,

228, 224, 471, 588. The president of the Confederation

(prja-Lapxos) was nominated not by the Islands but byEgypt.

VII.—V. The Bath of Pallas

No one has detected in this poem any reference to con-

temporary events. It shares with Hymn vi. the peculiarity

of being written in the Doric dialect, while it alone

forsakes the heroic for the elegiac metre. On Kaibel's

metrical theory it would come third in date, after vi. andiii. As to its destination, Susemihl holds that it waswritten to the order of the Argives for a festival of Pallas

in that city. That is the view also of F. Spiro, " Prologund Epilog in Lykophrons Alexandra," Hermes xxiii. (1888)

p. 194 if., who holds further that it belongs to a period whensuch commissions were necessary for Callimachus, theperiod which he pictures in Epigrams xxviii., xxxiv., xlvii.,

when he was living as a poor schoolmaster in Eleusis,

before his introduction to the Alexandrian court. Heregards v. 56, fidOos 5' om e/ios dX\' er^pwv,^ as the announce-ment by the poet of an artistic dogma which he was after-

wards to express in less simple language in the Aitia :

^povTOLv 5' ovK 4fibv dXXct At6s, frag, incert. 146 (490). In v.

140 ff. he detects a " versteckte Kritik " of Lycophron,Alex. 1474 (rdo^cov waXaiav Be^pdKOJv irayKk-qplav , which the

Hymn therefore according to Spiro presupposes.

It was the custom, we are told by the schol. on v. 1,

for the women of Argos on an appointed day to carry theimage of Athena and the shield of Diomede to the river

Inachus and there to wash them. The image is thePalladium carried off from Troy by Odysseus and Diomede

<* " I cannot tell how the truth may be ; I say the tale as'twas said to me," Scott, Lay of the Last Minstrel, ii. 33.

30

and by the latter brought to Argos. The shield ofDiomede was dedicated by him in Athena's temple, cf.

Pausan. ii. 24. 2, who mentions a temple of AthenaOxyderces on the Acropolis at Argos dedicated byDiomede in memory of the day when Athena took themist from his eyes that he might discern God and man(//. V. 127 f).

For the widespread custom of annually bathing the

holy image we have to compare the Athenian Plynteria

(Xen. Hell. i. 4. 12, Plut. Ale. 34), also Pausan. ii. 10. 4where, speaking of the temple of Aphrodite at Sicyon, hesays iaiacrt /xh drj is avrb ywq re vecoKdpos . . . Kal vapdivos

iepucrijvrjv iirireiov ^x^^^*^' ^ovTpo<f>6pou tt]v irapdivov dvo/xdi^ovat,.

See further Ovid, Fast. iv. 336 fF. , Ammian. Marc, xxiii. 3,

Tac. Germ. 40, and for the significance of the practice

Mannhardt, Baumkultus chapter vii., Antike Wald u.

Feldkulte, chapter v.

VIII.

—

Hymn VI. To Demeter

Nothing can be determined as to the date of this Hymn.On Kaibel's metrical theory it is the oldest of all. Theschol. on v. 1 says :

" Ptolemy Philadelphus among other

imitations of Athenian customs which he established in

Alexandria, instituted the Procession of the Basket {tt)v

Tov KoXddov TTpbodov). For it was the custom in Athens that

on a fixed day a basket should be borne upon a carriage

in honour of Athena." The details of this Atheniancelebration are entirely unknown, but it may be supposedthat it followed more or less closely the model of

the Athenian Thesmophoria. In that and in similar

festivals there are three essential moments : Anodos (or

Cathodos), Nesteia, Calligeneia, as they were called in

the Thesmophoria. All that can be clearly distinguished

here is that the Basket with its mystic contents is

carried in procession to the temple of the goddess,

attended by women, some of whom being uninitiated

—

these, if we may infer from the Athenian Thesmophoria,include the unmarried women—go but part of the way,while access to the temple, is confined to the initiated

31


(v. 118 fF.); and, further, that the procession takes place

after sunset (v. 7).

B.C.

323.

323-321.

322.

321.

321-319.

320.

319-311.

318.

313.

311-305.310-9.

308.

305-285.

285.

283.

280-79.

277.

273-1.

270.

270-258.267-3.

262.

32

IX.

—

Table of Dates.

Ptolemy satrap of Egypt.Ptolemy under Perdiccas.

Cyrene conquered and attached to the satrapy of

Eprypt.

Ptolemy marries Eurydice, daughter of Antipater.

Ptolemy under Antipater.

Ptolemy seizes Coele Syria ; establishes protec-

torate of Cyprus.

Ptolemy under Polyperchon.Ptolemy marries Berenice.

Cyrene under Ophelias revolts from Egypt.Ptolemy independent satrap.

Birth of Ptolemy Philadelphus in Cos.

Establishment of To Koivbv tQv 'NrjatwTQv underprotectorate of Egypt.

Ptolemy recovers Cyrenaica : Magas, son of

Berenice, viceroy of Cyrene.Ptolemy I. Sofer, king of Egypt. •

Ptolemy 11. Philadelphus associated with his

father as king ; marries Arsinoe I., daughterof Lysimachus.

Death of Ptolemy I. Soter.

Invasion of Gauls. Ptolemy recovers CoeleSyria.

Ptolemy repudiates Arsinoe I. and marries his

full sister Arsinoe II.

Revolt of Magas of Cyrene, who marriesApama, daughter of Antiochus.

First Syrian War ; Lycia, Caria, etc. , fall to

Egypt.Death of Arsinoe II. Philadelphus.

Co-regency of Ptolemy III. Euergetes.Chremonidean War.Defeat of Egyptian fleet at Cos.


258. Death of Magas of Cyrene, who had betrothed

his daughter Berenice to Ptolemy, afterwards

Ptolemy Euergetes.

257-0. The affair of Demetrius the Fair at Cyrene.Ptolemy Euergetes king of Cyrene.

Second Syrian War.247. Death of Ptolemy II. Philadelphus.

247. Ptolemy III. Euergetes. Cyrene united to Egyptby marriage of Ptolemy III. to Berenice,

daughter of Magas.Third Syrian War.

221. Death of Ptolemy III.

33

CALLIMACHUS'S HYMNS

KAAAIMAXOT TMNOII.—EIS AIA

Z^rjvos eoL TL K€V aAAo rrapa (JTrovSrjaiv aetSetv

Xa)Lov rj deov avrov, det fxeyav, alev dvaKra,

UrjXayovojv^ iXarijpa, SiKaaTToXov ovpavi^rjGL; ^

TTCJS Kai fiiVy AiKTatov deiorofjLev rj€ Avkolov;iv Soifj fjidXa dvfxoSi CTret yivos d/jL^ijpLarov.

7i€V, G€ fiev *I8atotcrtv iv ovpecji (fyaari yeviddai,

Zi€V, G€ 8* iv ^ApKaSirj' TTorepot, Trdrep, iipevcravro

;

" Ys.pr\T€S det i/jcvarar " Kal yap Td(f>ov, S dva,

aelo

J^prJTCs ireKTijvavro' av 8* ov Odves, icrcrl yap alei.

^ irrfKaybvujv E.M. ; TrrfKo'ybvwv. The reading of the mss.

JlrfKoybvoiv (TrrjXoybvojV tu)v yiyavriov irapa rb iK tttjXov yev^<Tdai,

TovriaTL ttjs yrjs schol.) was corrected by Salmasius andothers from E.M. s.v. UyjXaybves' oi yiyavres, KaXkifxaxos** Ur]\aybvu}v iXarTJpa.'" Cf. Hesych. s.v., Strabo vii. 331,fr. 40.

« Mountain in Crete.* Mountain in Arcadia." This proverbial saying, attributed to Epimenides, is

quoted by St. Paul, Ep. Tit. i. 12, " One of themselves, aprophet of their own, said. The Cretans are always liars,

evil beasts, idle bellies " (KaKo. O-qpla, yacrripes dpyai), andseems to be alluded to by Aratus, Phaen. 30 el erebv drj.

CALLIMACHUS'S HYMNS

I._TO ZEUS

At libations to Zeus what else should rather be sungthan the god himself, mighty for ever, king for ever-

more, router of the Pelagonians, dealer of justice to

the sons of Heaven ?

How shall we sing of him—as lord of Dicte <* or

of Lycaeum^? My soul is all in doubt, since

debated is his birth. O Zeus, some say that thouwert born on the hills of I<ia<*; others, O Zeus, say

in Arcadia ; did these or those, O Father, lie ?

"Cretans are ever liars."*' Yea, a tomb,^ O Lord, for

thee the Cretans builded ; but thou didst not die,

for thou art for ever.

The explanation given by Athenodorus of Eretria ap.

Ptolem. Hephaest. in Photii Bihl. p. 150 Bekk. is thatThetis and Medea, having a dispute as to which of themwas the fairer, entrusted the decision to Idomeneus ofCrete. He decided in favour of Thetis, whereon Medeasaid, " Cretans are always liars " and cursed them that theyshould never speak the truth. The schol. on the presentpassage says that Idomeneus divided the spoils of Troyunfairly.

'^ The Cretan legend was that Zeus was a prince who wasslain by a wild boar and buried in Crete. His tomb wasvariously localized and the tradition of " the tomb of Zeus "

attaches to several places even in modern times, especially

to Mount luktas. See A. B. Cook, Zeus, vol. i. p. 157 ff.

37

CALLIMACHUS

iv Se G€ Ylappadir]^ ^Petr] t€K€V, rj^t' /xaAtcrra 10

€OK€V OpOS ddfJLVOLai 7T€£LGK(^T€9' CvOeV 6 X^P^SUpog, ovSe TL fXLV K€Xpr]fJL€vov YilXeidvirjs

ipTTCTOV ovSe yvvTj eTTLfjiiayerai, aX\d i ^Pelrjs

(hyvyiov KaXiovGL Ae;^66tov ÂTnhavrjes.

evda o* iirel pb'qrrjp fieydXajv OLTrediJKaTO koXttcov

avTLKa Si^TjTO poov v8aro9, aj k€ tokolo 15

XvfjLara ;^yTAc(JC7atro, reov 8' ivl xp^'^^ Xoiaaai.

Adhcov dXX OV7TO} fidyas eppeev ovS* 'Epu-

fxavdos,

XevKoraros TToraficoVf en 8' d^poxos "êv cxTraora

'ApAcaStT^' fieXXev Se fidX* evvSpo^ KaXeeudai

avTLS' inel TTjpioorSe, 'Pery 6t^ iXvaaro /jiLrprjv, 20

77 TToAAas" e<j)V7T€pd€ arapajyiSa? vypos *Iaa>v

7]€Lp€v, TToXXds Se MeAa? cjKXf]<J€V dfjbdâs,

TToXXd Se KapVLCovos^ ^vco Suepov Trep iovros iXi^^/iIXvovs i^dXovTO KLVcoTTera, VLcraero 8' dvrjp ^"^5

Treôs V7T€p Kpddiv re TToXvqrLgy ^ re MerwTrqv

SiipaXeos' TO 8e ttoXX.ov vScop vtto ttoggIv €K€lto.

Kai p VTT* dfjLTjxoLVi'rjS GXOfi€vr] ^dro Trorvia

^ Happacrirj Lascaris ; Ilappaairi.2 Kapvicovos Amaldus, cf. Paus. viii. 34, Plin. iv. 6

;

Kapicjvos Mss.^ iroKvffTLov schol. Apoll. Rh. ii. 1172 ; irokucyTeLov mss. and

schol Find. 0. vi. 146 ; cf. Nicand. T. 792, 950, A. 466.

« Arcadia. & Cf. Apoll. Rh. iv. 1240." Goddess of birth. '^ The ancient Arcadians (schol.).« River in Arcadia.•'' Melas] Dion. Per. 415 if. 'Ap/cdSes 'ATrtSai'ês vto aKoin7)v

'Epvfidpdov, ivda MAas, 6'î Kpa(9ts, IVa piei vypbs 'Idiou, ^x'- '^'O'

38

HYMN I

In Parrhasia * it was that Rheia bare thee, wherewas a hill sheltered with thickest brush. Thenceis the place holy, and no fourfooted ^ thing that hathneed of Eileithyia*^ nor any woman approacheththereto, but the Apidanians^ call it the primevalchildbed of Rheia. There when thy mother hadlaid thee down from her mighty lap, straightway she

sought a stream of water, wherewith she mightpurge her of the soilure of birth and wash thy bodytherein.

But mighty Ladon^ flowed not yet, nor Eryman-thus,* clearest of rivers ; waterless was all Arcadia

;

yet was it anon to be called well-watered. For at

that time when Rhea loosed her girdle, full many a

hollow oak did watery laon® bear aloft, and manya wain did Melas-^ carry and many a serpent aboveCarnion,^' wet though it now be, cast its lair ; and a

man would fare on foot over Crathis '^ and many-pebbled Metope,^ athirst : while that abundant waterlay beneath his feet.

And holden in distress the lady Rheia said, " Dear

(hy6yLos in}K{>v€TaL v8a<TL Adduv. Herodot. i. 145 has "(iXevos

iv Tip Heipos TTora/xos fxeyas iari. Strabo 386 has "DXej'os, irap'

8p TTorafibs fi^yas M4\as where it has been proposed to readTrap' 8v <Jle7posy and to omit MAay. M. T. Smiley, in

Classical Qu. v. (1911) p. 89 f., suggests that the Styx is

meant, which supplies the waterfall near Nonacris in NorthArcadia and later becomes a tributary of the Crathis (Paus.viii. 18. 4). When Leake discovered the waterfall in 1806the natives did not know the name Styx for it but called it

the Black Water (Mavro nero) or the Dragon Water. Thename TTeipos in any case suggests a connexion with theunderworld.

s Camion or Carion, river in Arcadia, Paus. viii. 34.^ Crathis, river in Arcadia (and Achaea), Paus. vii. 25. 11,

viii. 15. 5, viii. 18. 4.' Metope, river in Arcadia.

S9

CALLIMACHUS

'«•

35

40

** Fata îXr], reKe Kal av' real 8' (hStveg iXacppai.

CLTTC Kal dvravvouaa der) fieyav vi/joOl Trrjx^^ 30

TrXrjêv opos aK'^Trrpco' to Se ol SlxO' ttovXv Siearr],

€K 8* €X€€V fjueya êu/xa- t66l xP^^ (f)aiSpvvaGa,

cova, reov crTTelpcoae, NeSr) Se g€ SojKe KO/jbiêLV^

KevdfjLov €cro)KprjTaXoVy Iva Kpv(f>a TraiSevoLO,

TTpeorpvrdrr] NviJL<f>€ajv at puiv rore fiaiwaavro

,

TrpajTLarrj yeverj^ fxeTO, ye Hrvya re ^tXvprjv re.

ovS* dXcTjv direr€LG€ derj X^P^^y ^^^ '^^ X^^P'^KeZvo NeSi^v ovo/JLTjve' ro puev ttoOl ttovXv Kar avro

K.avK(x)vojv TTToXieOpov , o Aerrpeiov ^ Treârto-rat,

(jvix<j)eperaL NrjprJLy TraXaioraTOV 8e pav vSojp

vlcOVol^ TTLVOVOl AvKaOVLTJS dpKTOLO.

evre Sevds dTreXeiTrev eirl KvcoCTOto (jyepovGa,

Ze£> Trdrepy rj ]SvpL(f>rj ae {(deval S* eaav eyyvOi

KvcoCToi;),

TovraKL roL Trecre, Saipiov, dir* o/xâAos" evdev

eKeivo

'O/xâAtov pLereTTeira ireSov KaXeovai KuScoves".

Zeu, ere Se Kvp^dvrojv erdpai TTpoaeTrrjxvvavro 46

^ KOjxiêiv A ; Ko/niaaai other mss.2 irpajTiarr) yever] Schneider,^ AîrpLov MSS. ; corr. Wass.

* yvMvol MSS.

« Cf. Paus. iv. 33. 1, "The Messenians say that Zeuswas reared among them and that his nurses were Ithomeand Neda, after whom the river got its name." Cf. viii.

38 fF.

* Styx, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, Hesiod, Th. 361." Philyra, daughter of Oceanus, mother of Cheiron by

Cronus.<* Paus. iv. 20. 2. The river Neda rises in Mount

Lycaeon, flows into Messenia and forms the boundarybetween Messenia and Ehs. Cf. Strabo 348 who says it

40

HYMN I

Earthy give birth thou also! thy birthpangs are

hght." So spake the goddess, and hfting her great

arm aloft she smote the mountain with her staff;

and it was greatly rent in twain for her and pouredforth a mighty flood. Therein, O Lord, she cleansed

thy body ; and swaddled thee, and gave thee to

Neda « to carry within the Cretan covert, that thou

mightst be reared secretly : Neda, eldest of the

nymphs who then were about her bed, earliest birth

after Styx^ and Philyra.^ And no idle favour did

the goddess repay her, but named that stream

Neda ^; which, I ween, in great flood by the verj' city

of the Cauconians,^ which is called Lepreion,^ mingles

its stream with Nereus,^' and its primeval water do the

son's sons of the Bear,^ Lycaon's daughter, drink.

When the nymph, carrying thee, O Father Zeus,

toward Cnosus,* was leaving Thenae '—for Thenaewas nigh to Cnosus—even then, O God, thynavelfell_a»'ay: hence that plain the Cydonians ^ call 'the

Plain of the Navel.^' But thee, O Zeus, the com-panions of the Cyrbantes ^ took to their arms, even

rises in Lycaeon from a spring which Rheia caused to flowin order to wash the infant Zeus.

« A people of Triphylia, Horn. Od. iii. 366.'' Herod, iv. 148 says that Lepreon in Triphylia was

founded by the Minyae after driving out the Cauconians.5- i.g, the sea.^ Areas, the ancestor of the Arcadians, was the son

of Zeus and Lycaon's daughter Callisto who was changedinto a bear.

* Town in Crete.^ Cydonia, town in Crete.* Schol. Nicand. Alex. 7 'O/i0aX6s yap tottos h Kp-Zp-y, ws Kal

KaWi/xaxos " w^cre . . . Kijdcoues. Diodor. v. 70 tells the story

(he says Zeus was carried by the Curetes) and gives thename of the place as Omphalos and of the plain around as

Omphaleion. ^ Corybantes.

41

CALLIMACHUS

At/cratat MeAtat, G€ S' eKOi/JiLGev ÂSprjareva

Xlkvco ^ evl XP^^^^) ot) S* iSrjaao iriova fjiaôu

alyos 'AfjLaXdelrjs, eVt Sc yXvKV Kiqpiov e^pcog.

yivTO yap iâTTivaXa UavaKplSos epya fieXtcrcrrjs

'ISatots" iv opeacriy rd re KXelovau UdvaKpa. 60

j^ ovXa Se K.ovpr]T€S 0€ Trepl irovXiv (hpx'ijcrciVTO

^ revxâ TTeTTArjyovres ,'' Lva Kpovos ovaaiv rjxr]V

ZfT t AfcrdaTTiSos elcratoL /cat /zt^ (jeo Kovpiôvros.

' /caAa /x€V rjeêv, KaXd 8' €rpa(f>e9, ovpdvie Zeu,

oû 8' dvTJ^rjoras, raxtvol Se tol rjXdov lovXol. 65

aAA* ert TratSvos" icbv e^pdaaao Trdvra reXeta *

» j-î*^^ ^Q^ ^^^ yi/coTOt 7TpOT€priyeve€s nep eovres»Kt^<w-4 ovpavov ovK ifjLeyrjpav c'x^tv iinhaiaLOV oIkov.

^^-.U-. STîâtot S' ou rrdpLTrav dXrjdees rjoav doihoi'

(f>dvTO TToXov Ys.povi^rjGi SidrpLX^^ ScofJiara vet/xat* 60

rts" Se /c' €77* OvXvfJLTTO) re koI *'AtSt KXrjpov epvoaaiy

OS {JidXa fjLrj v^vltjXos; eir* laatT] yap €olk€

??AvS '"''7Aacrâf rd 8e roCTcrov ocrov^ta TrXeLcrrov exovai.

^^ tpevSoLiJirjv diovros d kcv Tremôtev a/couTji^.

ov G€ decjv iaaijva ttoXol Oeaav, epya 8e ;^€tpcov, 65

^^^ } V« ^ \elKV({} MSS. * vJ. irerrXrjydTes.

L(/J " The ash-tree nymphs, cf. Hesiod, Th. 187.

\ u*^ 6 C/. ApoU. Rh. iii. 132 fF. Atos TreptKaWes ^î^p/xa|

/ceti/o,

,

"^^^ "^^ ot TroiT)<Te (f>i\r] rpo(f>bs 'AdpTfja-Teia|Evrpt^ iv '\8ai(^ 'eri. vrjirca

*'^' KovpLôvTLI

<jct>atpav ivrpSxaXov ; i.q. Nemesis, sister of the«,i«A ' Curetes (schol.).

t i

.

" The nymph or she-goat who suckled Zeus ; Diodor. v.

70, Apollod. i. 5, schol. Arat. 161, Ovid, Fast. v. 115 ff.

^ Mountains in Crete (Steph. Byz. s.v. UdvaKpa). Zeusrewarded the bees by making them of a golden bronzecolour and rendering them insensible to the rigours of themountain climate (Diodor. v. 70).

* ApoUodor. i. 4, " The Curetes in full armour, guarding

42

ra*

HYMN I

the Dictaean Meliae/ and Adrasteia^ laid thee to

rest in a cradle of gold^ and thou didst suck the rich

teat of the she -goat Amaltheia/ and thereto eat

the sweet honey-comb. For suddenly on the hills

of Ida, which men call Panacra,*^ appeared the worksof the Panacrian bee. And lustily round thee

danced the Curetes * a war-dance/ beating their

armour, that Cronus might hear with his ears the

din of the shield, but not thine infant noise.

Fairly didst thou wax, O heavenly Zeus, and fairly

wert thou nurtured, and swiftly thou didst grow to

manhood, and speedily came the down upon thy

cheek. But, while yet a child, thou didst devise

all the deeds of perfect stature. Wherefore thy

kindred, though an earlier generation, grudged not

that thou shouldst have heaven for thine appointed

habitation.^'' The ancient poets spake not altogether

truly. For they said that the lot assigned to the

sons of Cronus their three several abodes,^ But whowould draw lots for Olympus and for Hades—save

a very fool ? for equal chances should one cast

lots ; but these are the wide world apart. When I

speak fiction, be it such fiction as persuades the

listener's ear ! Thou wert made sovereign of the

gods not by casting of lots but by the deeds of thy

the infant in the cave, beat their shields with their spears

that Cronus might not hear the child's voice."•'' irpyXis, the Cretan name for the Trvppixv (Aristotle fr.

476, schol. Pind. P. ii. 127) or dance in armour (Pollux iv.

96 and 99).fl" This has been supposed to refer to the fact that Ptolemy

Philadelphus was the youngest of the sons of Ptolemy Soter.

See Introduction.^ Homer, 11, xv. 187 ff.; cf. Apollodor. i. 7, Pind. O.

vii. 54 fF.

43

CALLIMACHUS

OJ] re ^LTj TO T€ KaproSy o /cat iriXas eiaao hi<l>pov.

diJKao S' olcjvcjv fxiy* VTretpoxov dyyeXiwrrjv

aa>v repdajv d r ifiOLGi ^^tAots" eVSefta (f>alvoL9.

€tAeo 8' alt,7]cjjv 6 TL (f)€praTov' ov ov ye vrjajv

ejjLTTepdfjLOVs, ovk dvSpa aaKeairaXov, ov fiev docSov 70dAAa rd fxev fiaKdpeacnv oXitocnv avdi TrapiJKas

dXXa fieXeiv erepotoi, ov o iêXeo iTToXidpxovs

avTOVs, (Lv VTTo X€tpa yeojfjLopog, Sv tSpts" alxf^rjs,

ojv eperrjs, c5v irdvra' ri S' ov Kpareovros vtt* tVp^w;

avTLKa ;\;aA/<:7jas' fJiev vSeiojxey 'HâtWoto, 75

revx'TjO'Tds 3' "Aprjos, eTraKrrjpag 8e XtrcovT^S"

ÂprefjuSos , ÔLpov 8e Xvprjs ev elSoras otpLOVS'

eK he Atos" âaiXrjes, eirel Atos" ov'êv dvdKTCUv

deiorepov rdj /cat cr0e^ rerjv e/cptVao Xdîv.

ScD/ca? 8e TrroXUdpa (fivXaoaepiev , tjeo 8' avros goaKpTja ev TToXieoaiv, eTTOi/jios ot re Slktjgl

XaOV VTTO UKoXlfJG* Ot T* epLTTOLAlV IdvVOVGLV

ev he pvr)(j)evL7jv eâAeg G(f)L(jiVy ev 8' a'Ats" oXôvTToioL piiv, ov pidXa 8' Icrov. eoiKe 8e re/c/xi^pao-ât

rjpLerepcp pueSeovri' rrepLTTpo yap evpv ê^rjKev. §5eGTTepLos Kelvos ye reXel rd Kev rjpL vorjurj'

earrepLOs rd pLeytara, rd pLelova 8*, evre vorjar].

ot oe ra pbev rrAeLcovL, ra o ovx eve, rcuv o airo

Trdpurrav

avros dviqv eKoXovcrag, eveKXaoaas 8e pievoivqv.

;)ât/oe pueya, KpovlSr] rravvTreprare, Scbrop idcjv, 90

^ o-0e Bentley ; crî.

* Bia and Cratos appear as personifications of the mightand majesty of Zeus in Aeschylus, P. K., Hesiod, Th. 385, etc.

* The eagle." Artemis Chitone (Chitonea, Athen. 629 e), so called from

the tunic (chiton) in which as huntress she was represented ;

not, as the schol. says, from the Attic deme Chitone.

44

HYMN 1

hands, thy might and that strength <» which thou hast

set beside thy throne. And the most excellent of

birds ^ didst thou make the messenger of thy signs

;

favourable to my friends be the signs thou showest

!

And thou didst choose that which is most excellent

among men—not thou the skilled in ships, nor the

wielder of the shield, nor the minstrel : these didst

thou straightway renounce to lesser gods, other cares

to others. But thou didst choose the rulers of cities

themselves, beneath whose hand is the lord of the

soil, the skilled in spearmanship, the oarsman, yea,

all things that are ; what is there that is not underthe ruler's sway ? Thus, smiths, we say, belong to

Hephaestus ; to Ares, warriors ; to Artemis of the

Tunic,'' huntsnjen ; to Phoebus they that know well

the strains ofthe lyre. But from Zeus come kings ; for

nothing is diviner than the kings of Zeus. Whereforethou didst choose them for thine own lot, and gavest

them cities to guard. And thou didst seat thyself

in the high places of the cities, watching who rule

their people with crooked judgements, and who rule

otherwise. And thou hast bestowed upon themwealth and prosperity abundantly ; unto all, but not

in equal measure. One may well judge by our

Ruler,^ for he hath clean outstripped all others. Atevening he accomplisheth that whereon he thinketh

in the morning;yea, at evening the greatest things,

but the lesser soon as he thinketh on them. But the

others accomplish some things in a year, and somethings not in one ; of others, again, thou thyself

dost utterly frustrate the accomplishing and thwartest

their desire.

Hail ! greatly hail ! most high Son of Cronus,

^ Ptolemy II. Philadelphus, 285-247 b.c.

45

CALLIMACHUS•

ScjTOp oLTrqfJLOVLrjg. rea S* epyfjLara rug K€v dctSot;

ov yiver y ovk carat, ris ^ Kev ^ Alos epyfjuar* detcrat.^

pâtpe Trdrep, X^^P' auot* SlSov S' dper'qv r d<f)€v6s

re.

our' dperrj^ drep oXôg cTrtWarat dvSpag deêtv

ovr dp€T7) d<f>evoLO' Sl8ov S' dperi^v re Acat oXôv. 96

^ ^(rrai ' r/y vulg. ^ Kev Mss. ; /cai Wilamow.^ deio-at Blomf. : de^croi or de^cret mss.

46

/

HYMN I

giver of good things, giver of safety. Thy workswho could sing ? There hath not been, there shall

not be, who shall sing the works of Zeus. Hail

!

Father, hail again ! and grant us goodness and pros-

perity. Without goodness wealth cannot bless men,nor goodness without prosperity. Give us goodnessand weal.

47

II.—EIS AnOAAQNA

Olov 6 rcjTToXkcDvos iaelaaro ^d^vivos opTrrj^,

ota 8* oXov TO fjLeXadpov eKas, eKas ocrns dXtrpos*

/cat Si] TTOV rd Ovperpa KaXcp ttoSI OotjSos" dpdaaei'

ovx dpdas; €7T€V€VG€V 6 ATÂtos r]hv n (J)olvl^

iâTTLvrjs, d Se kvkvos iv rjepi KaXov delSet. 5

avTol vvv KO^Toy^s dvaKXiveade TTvXdcjVy

avral 8e kX7]i6€S' 6 ydp Oeos ovk€tl /jLaKpi^v

ol Se v€OL fJLoXTnrjv re /cat is X^P^^ ivrvveode.

(hTToXXojv ov vavrl âetVerat, aAA' o ns iordXos'

OS /xtv lStj, fieyas ovros, os ovk tSeTAtros" €K€lvo9. 10

oi/jofied*, CO 'E/caepye, /cat iaaofxed* ovnore Xltol.

pLT^re GLCJTTrjXrjv KtOapLv fx-qr^ dipo(f)ov tp^voj

Tov ÔLôv Toifs TratSas" ^x^lv iTnSrjfx'^cravros,

et reXeeiv fieXXovai yd/JLOV TToXirjv re KepeZaSaiy

€(TTri^€lV Se TO TCLXOS €77* dpXOLLOLGL dcfieOXoLS. 15

« The palm-tree by which Leto supported herself whenshe bare Apollo. Cf. H. Delos 210, Horn. H. Apoll. 117,

Od. vi. 162 f., Theogn. 5 f. The laurel and the palmare coupled in Euripides, Hecuba, 458 if.

* For the association of the swan with Apollo cf. Hymn to

Delos 249 ; Plato, Phaedo, 85; Manilius v. 381 "ipse Deumcygnus condit.

"

" The schol. on v. 12 remarks that Callimachus emphasizesthe presence of the God because "it is said in the case ofprophetic gods that the deities are sometimes present

48

II.—TO APOLLO

How the laurel branch of Apollo trembles ! howtrembles all the shrine I Away, away, he that is

sinful ! Now surely Phoebus knocketh at the doorwith his beautiful foot. See'st thou not ? the Delianpalm "> nods pleasantly of a sudden and the swan ^ in

the air sings sweetly. Of yourselves now ye bolts bepushed back, pushed back of yourselves, ye bars

!

The god is no longer far away. And ye, young men,prepare ye for song and for the dance.

Not unto everyone (^oth Apollo appear, but untohim that is good. Whoso hath seen Apollo, he is

great ; whoso hath not seen him, he is of low estate.

We shall see thee, O Archer, and we shall never belowly. Let not the youths keep silent lyre or noise-

less step, when Apollo visits'' his shrine, if theythink to accomplish marriage and to cut the locks of

age,^ and if the wall is to stand upon its old founda-

{iTnSrffieip), sometimes absent {aTrobiqjxetv)^ and when they are

present the oracles are true, when absent false." Cf. Pind.

P. iv. 5 ovK dirodd/jiov 'A7r6XXwj'os tvx^vtos. The Delphianscelebrated the seventh day of the month Bysios—the birthdayof Apollo—when he was supposed to revisit his temple, andthe seventh of the holy month (Attic Anth^sterion) wascelebrated by the Delians when Apollo was supposed to

return to Delos from the land of the Hyperboreans.(W. Schmidt, Gehurtstag im Altertum^p. 86.) Cf. Verg. A.iii. 91.

^ i.e. if they are to live to old age.

E 49

CALLIMACHUS

rjyaadfJLrjv tov9 TT-atSa?, eTrel x^^^^ ovkct depyos.

ev<f)r]fjL€iT^ diovres €7r'^

A.tt6X\cl>vos doiSrj.

€V(l)r)lJL€i Kal TTOVTOS, OT€ kX€LOVULV doiSol

'q KidapLV rj roâ, AvKOjpeos evrea ôiôv.

ovSe Sens 'Ap^tA-â KLVvperat atAtva fjLTqrrjp, 20

OTTTTod^ LT) TTaLTJOV LTj TTaiTJOV dKOVGT]

.

Kal fJL€V 6 haKpvoeis dvaâXXerac dXyea Trirpos,

oang ivl Opvyirj Siepos Xldos ecrrT^pt/crat,

fidpfjiapov dvrl yvvaiKos dit,vp6v tl xâvovcnqs

.

LTj LT) ^deyyeade' KaKov pLaKdpeaaiv iptêtv. 26

OS fJidxcraL jJLaKdpeorGtv , ipucp âaiXrjt fxdxoiro'

oans cficp PaaiXrJLy /cat ÂttoXXcovl fiaxocro.

Tov xopov ojTToXXcuv, OTL ol Kord OvfjLov aetSct,*

TLfJi'â€L' SvvaraL ydp, inel Att Sextos' rjarat.

ovB* 6 xopo9 TOV ÔLôv i(j)* ev piovov rjpiap detcret, 30

ecrrt yap evvpivos' tis dv ov pea ôcôv deihoi;

Xpvorea T(x)7r6XXojvL to t. ivSvrov rj t^JJJ:7^2B'îy

'q re Xvprj to t* aejjjxa to Avktlov t) re (jyaperpr],

Xpv(yea Kal rd TreSiXa' TToXvxpvoros yap ÂttoXXcov.

Kal Se rroXvKTeavos' TlvOwvi Ke reKp^-qpaco. 35

Kal piev^ del KaXos Kal del veos' ovirore ôiôv^ Kal fih e ; other mss. Kal k€v.

« i.e. the lyre, originally made by Hermes from the shell

of a tortoise. -nyaaafMriv = Well done !

' Lycoreus, by-name of Apollo, from Lycoreia, town onParnassus above Delphi : Strabo 418. 3 viripKeiTai 5' avTrjs i)

AvKdbpeia i(f> od tSttov irpbrepov Wpvvro oi Le\(f>ol virkp rod iepov.

Legends of its foundation in Pausanias x. 6, 2-3. ^.

AvKojpdoLo ApoU. Rh. iv. 1490." Though tT7, not ti^, is the usual form, it is perhaps better

here to write the aspirated form to suit the suggestedetymology from I'ei " shoot." See vv. 97-104 for the legend.

^ Niobe, daughter of Tantalus, had, according to Hom.II. xxiv. 602 ff., six sons and six daughters, who were slain by

50

HYMN II

tions. Well done the youths, for that the shell <* is

no longer idle.

Be hushed, ye that hear, at the song to Apollo

;

yea, hushed is even the sea when the minstrels

celebrate the lyre or the bow, the weapons of

Lyeoreian Phoebus.^ Neither doth Thetis his motherwail her dirge for Achilles, when she hears Hi'e'^

Pae'eon, Hie Paeeon.

Yea, the tearful rock defers its pain, the wetstone that is set in Phrygia, a marble rock like a

woman ^ open-mouthed in some sorrowful utterance.

Say ye Hie ! Hie ! an ill thing it is to strive with the

Blessed Ones. He who fights with the Blessed Oneswould fight with my King * ; he who fights with myKing, would fight even with Apollo. Apollo will

honour the choir, since it sings according to his heart

;

for Apollo hath power, for that he sitteth on the right

hand of Zeus. Nor will the choir sing of Phoebus for

one day only. He is a copious theme of song ; whowould not readily sing of Phoebus ?

Golden is the tunic of Apollo and golden his

mantle, his lyre and his Lyctian-^ bow and his

quiver : golden too are his sandals ; for rich in gold

is Apollo, rich also in possessions : by Pytho mightst

thou guess. And ever beautiful is he and ever

Apollo and Artemis respectively, because she boasted overtheir mother Leto, who had but two chiWren. Niobe wasturned into a stone, and this was identified with a rude rockfigure on Mount Sipylos near Smyrna which is stUl to beseen. The water running down the face of the rock wassupposed to be Niobe's tears

—

^vda \idos irep iovaa deCiv €k

KTjdea Trecrcret, Hom. I.e. 617, cf. " Phrygium silicem," Stat. S.

V. 3. 87.

« Ptolemy III. Euergetes, according to the schol. Butsee Introduction.

•'' Lyctos, town in Crete.

51

CALLIMACHUS

OrjXeLYja ovS^ ocraov €7tI xôos rjiXOe Trapeiaig.

at 8e KOfxai dvoevra TreSw Xelôvatv cAata* '

ov Xlttos ÂttoXXcdvos OLTTOGrdôvcnv edeipaiy

dAA' avTTjv TTavaKeiav ev dare'C 8* w k€v e/cetvat 40

TTpaJKCS €pa^€ TriacjGiv aKrjpia ttoivt iyevovro.

rexyj) S' aix(f)iXa^s ov ris roaov oaaov

ÂttoXXojv

K€LVos oLCTTCVTTjv ^Xax OLvepa, Kelvos aoiSov

{ôi^cp yap /cat roôv eTTtr/oeTrerat /cat aotSi]),

K€LVOV Se dpj^cd /cat fxavncs' e/c 8e vv ôiôv 45

Irjrpol SeSaaatv avd^X-qaiv davdroio.

OotjSov /cat No/xtov klkXt]gkopl€V i^€TL KeivoVy

eôT €77* *AiJL<f)pvaaa> êvyinSas €Tp€<f>€v lttttovs

Tjideov VTT^ epojTi KeKavjJuevos 'AS/xi^roto.

peta Ke ôvôuiov reXidoi ttXIov, ovSe Kev alyes 50

hevoivTO ^pe(f)€cov iTTijjLrjXdSeg ^ fJGiv 'AttoAAojv

ôGKopbivTja 6(j>daXfi6v iirriyayev' ovh^ dydXaKres

OLL€S ouS' aKvdoL, TTacrat 8e k€V etev virapvoiy

Tj Se K€ pLOVvoTOKOs SiSvpLTjTOKog atipa yivoiTO,

OotjSo) 8' iuTTOpieVOL TToXiaS BL€pL€Tprj(jaVTO 55

avdpcoTTOi' ôZôs yap del ttoXUggl <^tA7^8et

KTLôjjLevTjG^ , avTOs 8e OepLeiXia ôXpos v<f>aiv€L.

Terpaerrjs rd npajra depLeiXta Ootôs" €7T7]^€

KaXfj ev ÔprvyLT) irepLrjyeos iyyvdi Xifxvrjg.

"AprefJiis dypcjGGOVoa Kaprjara uvvex^S alyojv 60

Yivvdidhojv (f)op€€C7Kev, 6 8' CTiAe/ce Pcofiov 'AttoXXwv.

^ fieve/xTjXdSes v. I. in schol. ; evLix-rfKibes Schneider, cf.

Hesych. ififiyjXdSas aTyas.

** As a personification Panaceia appears frequently as thedaughter of Asclepius. In the Hippocratean oath she is

named after Apollo, Asclepius, and Hygieia. Such " all-

healing " virtue was in early times ascribed to variousplants (UdvaKes Xetpibyfiov, 'AaKXrjirieLov^ etc.).

52

HYMN II

young : never on the girl cheeks of Apollo hathcome so much as the down of manhood. His locks

distil fragrant oils upon the ground ; not oil of fat

do the locks of Apollo distil but very Healing of

AIL* And in whatsoever city those dews fall uponthe ground, in that city all things are free from harm.

None is so abundant in skill as Apollo. To himbelongs the archer, to him the minstrel ; for unto

Apollo is given in keeping alike archery and song. . i*

His are the lots of the diviner and his the seers ; and 7^ ^*J ,

from Phoebus do leeches know the deferring of death, ^.^^j^ uJuXPhoebus and Nomius ^ we call him, ever since the ^ ^^^^

time when by Amphrysus" he tended the yoke- ^/y/ ^

mares, fired with love of young Admetus.^ Lightly " '

would the herd of cattle wax larger, nor would the

she-goats of the flock lack young, whereon as they feed

Apollo casts his eye ; nor without milk would the ewesbe nor barren, but all would have lambs at foot ; andshe that bare one would soon be the mother of twins.

And Phoebus it is that men follow when they mapout cities.* For Phoebus evermore delights in the

founding of cities, and Phoebus himself doth weavetheir foundations. Four years of age was Phoebuswhen he framed his first foundations in fair Ortygia/near the round lakes'

Artemis hunted and brought continually the

heads of Cynthian goats and Phoebus plaited an

^ Cf. Pind. ix. 65.

" River in Thessaly where Apollo tended the flocks ofAdmetus. Cf. Verg. G^. Hi. 2 " pastor ab Amphryso."

'' King of rherae in Thessaly.« Hence Apollo's titles 'kpxny^Tr)s, Kria-Tris, etc. .

^ Delos.fl' A lake in Delos. Cf. H. iv. 261, Theognis vii, Apollo

is born iwl rpoxoeibh Xlfivrj, and Eur. I.T. 1104.

5S

^H:

CALLIMACHUS

Sct/xaro fjiev KepdeGorcv iSeOXca, nrjê 8e ^co/xov

€K Kepdojv, Kepaovs Se Trept^ VTre^dXXero tol)(ovs.

cSS' efJuaOev rd npajra defjueiXia ôlôs iyelpeiv.

OotjSos' Kal âdvyeiov i/jurjv ttoXlv €(f)pa(j€ Barroj 65

/cat Al^vtjv icjLOVTL Kopa^ rjyijcraTO Xacp •

Seîos OLKiarrjpL ^ Kal cii/xocje rcixâ SaJcretv

rjpierepOLS âGiXevGiv' del S' evopKog ÂttoXXcov.

(x)7ToXXoV, TToXXoL (J€ BoTjSpOfliOV KaXcOVCTL,

TToXXol 8e KXdpLov, TrdvTT] 8e rot ovvofjua ttovXv' 70

avrdp iyd) lâpveXov epuoL Trarpcoiov ovtoj.

llTrdpTT] TOL, Kâpvele, to 8r] TTpcjTiorov eSedXov,

Sevrepov av Qi^pr], rpiraTov ye pikv darv K.vpT]vrjs.

€K fiev G€ TtTrdprrjg cktov yivos OlSiTToSao

rjyaye Sr]pair)v e? dTTOKTiGiv iK Se ere Q-qprjs 75

ovXog ÂpLGToreXr]^^

Ag^vgtISl Trdpdero yoLLj),

8et/xe Be rot fjidXa koXov dvdKTOpov, ev 8e TToX-qt

9rJK€ reXeG(j)opLrjv eirerriGLOV,fj

evl ttoXXol

VGrdnov ttLtttovgiv eir* IgÎ'OV, cL dva, ravpoi.

Ir) LT) Kapvete TToXvXXire, Gelo Se PojfjLol 80

dvdea fJLev (f>opeovGiv ev elapi roGGa rrep ^Qpai^ olKKXTrjpi Bentley ; olKiarrip.

" The KeparJiv (Plut. Thes. 21, Dittenb. Syll.^ No. 588,

172), ^wfibs KepoLTivos (Plut. Sollert. animal. 35), madeentirely of horns, was one of the Seven Wonders of theWorld. Cf. Anon. De incredih. 2 ; Ovid, Her. 21. 99.

* Battus (Aristoteles), founder of Cyrene, birthplace ofCaUimachus.

'' The raven was one of the birds sacred to Apollo.^ The Battiadae. See Introduction.* Boedromius : Et. Mag. s.v. BorjSpofiiuv 6tl ttoX^/jlov

a-varavTos 'Ad7)PaioLS Kal 'EXevaivloi^ (Tv/j./xaxô'a.fTos "liovos . .

iviKr)<rav Âdrjvaloi. dirb odv ttJs tov crrpareu/uaros /So^s tt]s iirl t6

darv bpaiioiffTj'i 8 re ÂirdWup Bo7/5p6/x.ios iKXyjOr} Kal i] 6vala Kal 6

/iifjp, Kal TO. Borjdpdfiia ireXeiTo eoprrj. According to schol. ^XPW^âvTois 6 9e6s ywerd ôrjs dTrt.6âdai rots TroXefiiois. Doubtless the

54

HYMN II

altar. <* With horns builded he the foundations, andof horns framed he the altar, and of horns were the

walls he built around. Thus did Phoebus learn to

raise his first foundations. Phoebus, too, it was whotold Battus^ of my own city of fertile soil, and in

guise of a raven ^—auspicious to our founder—led his

people as they entered Libya and sware that hewould vouchsafe a walled city to our kings.^ Andthe oath of Apollo is ever sure. O Apollo ! manythere be that call thee Boedromius,^ and many there

be that call thee Clarius^: everywhere is thy nameon the lips of many. But I call thee Carneius 9

; for

such is the manner of my fathers. Sparta, OCarneius ! was thy first foundation ; and next

Thera ; but third the city of Cyrene. From Sparta

the sixth ^ generation of the sons of Oedipus broughtthee to their colony of Thera ; and from Thera lusty

Aristoteles *' set thee by the Asbystian-? land, andbuilded thee a shrine exceeding beautiful, and in the

city established a yearly festival wherein many a-

bull, O Lord, falls on his haunches for the last time.

Hie, Hie, Carneius ! Lord of many prayers,—thine

altars wear flowers in spring, even all the pied

flowers which the Hours lead forth when Zephyrus

Athenians associated the name with help given thenoi bysome superhuman champions {^or)5p6fioi = ^oaOooi, Pind. N.vii. 31), Mommsen, Feste d. Stadt Athen, p. 171.

f Clarius, by-name of Apollo, from Claros near Colophon.^ Carneius, by-name of Apollo in many Dorian states, as

Sparta, Thera, Cyrene.^ The genealogy is Oedipus—Polyneices—Thersander—

Tisamenus—Autesion—Theras, who led the colony to Theraand who is sixth descendant of Oedipus according to the

Greek way of reckoning inclusively. Cf. Herod, iv. 147.

^ Battus.^ The Asbystae were a people in the Cyrenaica.

55

CALLIMACHUS

ttoikLX ayivevai t,€(j>vpov TTveiovros ieparjv,

)(^€LfJLaTL Se KpoKov TjSvv' del Se rot devaov nvp,

ovSd TTore ')(Qil,6v TrepiôaKerai dvOpaKa r€cf)prj.

rj p ix^PV P'^y^ OotjSos", oT€ tôjaryjpes 'Evuous" 85

dvepes (LpXTJcroLvro fxerd âvdijat KipVGGais,

TiOfxiai evre aîv KayovetctSes" rjXvOov cLpai.

ol 8' ovTTOJ TTrjyfjcTL^ K.vp7js iSvvavTO TreXdaaai

AcopUes, TTVKLVTjv Sc vdiTais "A^tAti^ evaiov.

Tovs /X€^' dva^ iSev avros, ifj8* ineSeLâro vvix<j>rj 90

ards eVt Îvprovoaris KeparajheoSy rjXf^ Xeovra

^YllfTjls KaTe7T€^Ve ÔCOV GLVlvEiVpVTTvXoiO.

OX) Keivov xopov etSe ^ decorepov aAAov ÂttoXXojv,

ovSe TToAet toct' eVet/xev otêAo-t/xa, rocrcra KupTyvT^,

pLva)6pL€Vog 7Tporep7]g dprraKTVos. ou8e ju-ev aurot 95

BaTTta8at ôlôlo irXeov deov dXXov ereiaav.

LTj Irj TraLTJov dKOVopiev, ovveKa rovro

AeAÔS" TOL TTpWTlGTOV i(j)Vp,VLOV eVp€TO AttOS",

-^fjLOS iKriôXirjV XP^^^^^ eTreSeLKwao roôjv.

YivBu) TOL Kariovri ovvijvTero SaifxovLOs d-^p, 100

alvos 6j)LS' rov pikv ov Karijvapes aAAoi^ eV d'AAoi

^dXXojv wKVv OLCTTov, €7T7jVTrjae 8t Aaos",

^Q */«^*^ "it) LTj Traurjov, L€L êAos".^' evdv ae fJi'^rrjp

j^ u^- ^ yetvar aoao7)TY]pa, to o eêrt k€lo€V aecor].

I -^ ^^ ° Odovos ÂttoXXojvos €77* outtTa XddpLO? elrrev 105

5* / -N ^ Tnryatai schol. Find. P. iv. 523 ; Tnjyrjs.

^^d^J • 2 ^„^,^g A ; e'Setyue EF.

« Cyre : stream at Cyrene which after running somedistance under ground reappears at the Temple of Apollo as

the fountain of Apollo (Herod, iv. 158, Find. F. iv. 294).* Azilis or Aziris where the Theraeans with Battus dwelt

for six years before they went to Cyrene (Herod, iv. 157 ff.).

" Cyrene.<^ i.e. " Myrtle-hill" in Cyrene. See Introduction, p. 26.' Eurypylus : prehistoric king of Libya, who oifered his

56

HYMN II

breathes dew, and in winter the sweet crocus.

Undying evermore is thy fire, nor ever doth the

ash feed about the coals of yester-even. Greatly,

indeed, did Phoebus rejoice as the belted warriors of

Enyo danced with the yellow-haired Libyan women,when the appointed season of the Carnean feast cameround. But not yet could the Dorians approacli

the fountains of Cyre,^ but dwelt in Azilis ^ thick withwooded dells. These did the Lord himself behold andshowed them to his bride ^ as he stood on hornedMyrtussa^ where the daughter of Hypseus slew the

lion that harried the kine of Eurypylus.* No other

dance more divine hath Apollo beheld, nor to any city

hath he given so many blessings as he hath given to

Cyrene, remembering his rape of old. Nor, again, is

there any other god whom the sons of Battus havehonoured above Phoebus.

Hie, Hie, Paeeon, we hear—since this refrain did

the Delphian folk first invent, what time thou didst

display the archery of thy golden bow. As thouwert going down to Pytho, there met thee a beast

unearthly, a dread snake./ And him thou didst slay,

shooting swift arrows one upon the other ; and the

folk cried "Hie, Hie, Paeeon, shoot an arrow!" Ahelpers' from the first thy mother bare thee, and ever

since that is thy praise.

Spake Envy ^ privily in the ear of Apollo : " I

kingdom to anyone who should slay the lion which wasravaging his land. Cyrene slew the lion and so won thekingdom (Acesandros of Cyrene in schol. ApoU. Rh. ii. 498).

^ In Strabo 422 Python is a man, surnamed Draco.Pytho was popularly derived from the fact that the slain

snake rotted (wudu)) there.

^ Callimachus seems to adopt the old derivation ofaocrarjTTjp from 6craa (voice). Thus doaar)T7jp= ^or]06os. Fori^eTL cf. II. iv. 275. * See Introduction, p. 22.

57

CALLIMACHUS

ovK ayafxac rov aoioov os ovo oaa ttovtos aetoet.

TOV ^doVOV (hlToXXcJV TToSl T 7JXa(T€V c5Se T* €€L7T€V'

" *AorcrvpLOV 7TOTa}Xolo fteyas" poo?, dAAo, ra TroAAa

XvfjLara yrj^ koL ttoXKov€(f>*

vSan crup(f>€r6v €Xk€l.

/S.r]OL 8* OVK OLTTO TTOVTOS vScop (f)opeov(TL MeAtao"at, 110

J.aAA' yjns KaOap-q re /cat dxpa^vrog avipirei

TTiSaKos i^ teprjg oXiyq Xl^ols aKpov acurov."* N X^^P^ dva^- 6 Se McD/xo?, tv' o O^dvos",^ evOa

VeOLTO,

1 0^61/05 I (Vat. 1379), L (Mosquensis), schol. Gregor.Naz. Catal. MSS. Clark, p. 35 ; cpddpos.

58

HYMN II

admire not the poet who singeth not things for

number as the sea." * Apollo spurned Envy with his

foot and spake thus :" Great is the stream of the

Assyrian river,^ but much filth of earth and muchrefuse it carries on its waters. And not of every

water do the Melissae carry to Deo/ but of the

trickling stream that springs from a holy fountain,

pure and undefiled, the very crown of waters."

Hail, O Lord, but Blame—let him go where Envydwells

!

« Cf. ApoU. Rhod. iii. 933. » Euphrates.« Deo = Deraeter, whose priestesses were caUed Melissae

(Bees) : Porphyr. T>e antro nympharum 18 kuI tcls AifjfXTiTpos

iepelas o)s rijs x^^^^^^ ^^^s fivaridas M.e\icrcras oi iraXaiol iKdXovv

avTTiv re rrjv Kdprjv MeXiruJS?; (Theocr. XV. 94).

59

III.-EIS APTEMIN

*'Apr€fJLLV (ov yap iXac/ypov deiSovrecrGL XaOiaOai)

VfJiveofieVy rfj roâ XayojôXiai re fxiXovrai

/cat x^P^^ diJL<f)LXa(f)rj? Kal iv ovpecnv iijsidaadai,

dpxi^^voLy^ c6? ore narpos i<f>€ôiJL€V7] yovdreaat

Trdls ert Kovpitôvaa raSe TrpocrectTre yovrja 5** hos fJiOL TrapdevLTjv alcjviov, aTnra, (f>vXdacj€LV,

Kal TToXvcDvvfjLirjVy tva /xi^ /xot ôtôs eptî^.

86s S' lov£ Kal r6$a—ea, ndrepr, ov ere <f)ap€TpT]v

ouS' alreco pueya roôv ijjuol Ku/cAcoTres" oiarovs

avTLKa rexvrjorovraL, i/xol 8* evKafiTres oe/x/xa* iq

dAAa (f>a€G(l>opi7jv re /cat e? yovu p-^XP^ ;j(;tTa)va

t^wvvvGdai XeyvojTov, Iv* dypia drjpia /caiVo).

Sos" Se /xot e^rjKovra xopinSas ^Q^Keavlvag,

irdcras elvereaSy Trdaas ert TratSas" dpiirpovs.

86s 8e /xot dpLcfyLTToXovs ÂpLviaihas €t/cocrt w/xâs", 15

at re /xot ivSpopuiBas re /cat OTrnore pLTjKerL

XvyKaspu-qr* iXd(f)ovs âXXoijxiy doovs Kvvas €V KopueoLey,

86s Se /xot ovpea Trdvra' ttoXlv 8e /xot '^vriva veipLOV

'qvTLva Xfjs' OTTapv6v yap or "AprepLis darv Kdr-

€l(JLV'

^ &PXfievo(. Blomfield; cf. fr. 9* and now Aitia iii. 1. 56,Herodian i. p. 471, ii. p. 190 and p. 252 Lentz ; dpx6/j.€yoi

or dpxofxepos >iss.

60

III.—TO ARTEMIS

Artemis we hymn—no light thing is it for singers

to forget her—whose study is the bow and the

shooting of hares and the spacious dance and sport

upon the mountains ; beginning with the time whensitting on her father's knees—still a little maid

—

she spake these words to her sire :" Give me to

keep my maidenhood, Father, for ever: and give

me to be of many names, that Phoebus may not vie

with me. And give me arrows and a bow—stay.

Father, I ask thee not for quiver or for mightybow : for me the Cyclopes will straightway fashion

arrows and fashion for me a well-bent bow. Butgive me to be the Bringer of Light ^ and give me to

gird me in a tunic ^ with embroidered border reaching

to the knee, that I may slay wild beasts. Andgive me sixty daughters of Oceanus for my choir

—

all nine years old, all maidens yet ungirdled ; andgive me for handmaidens twenty nymphs of Amnisus "

who shall tend well my buskins, and, when I shoot

no more at lynx or stag, shall tend my swift hounds.

And give to me all mountains ; and for city, assign

me any, even whatsoever thou wilt : for seldom is

it that Artemis goes down to the town. On the« <f)wa(f)6po$ is one of the titles of Artemis ; cf. v. 204,

Eur. Iph. in T. 21.* See note on v. 225.« Amnisus, 'river in Crete. Cf. Apoll. Rhod. iii. 877 ff,

61

CALLIMACHUS

Web> ,

20

30

ovpeGiv oLK'^Gco, TToAecTtv 8' eTTt/xctô/xat dvSpcDv

fiovvov or* 6$€Lr)(7LV v-n (LSlveGcn yvvaiKes

T€ip6fjL€vaL KaXeovGL ÔTjdoov, fjui fjL€ MoXpaL

ycLVOjJLevrjv to rrpcbrov eireKXripayaav aprjy€iv,

oTTi p.€ /cat TLKTOvaa Kal ovK 'rjXy7](J€ (f)epovaa

pbrjTiqpy aAA* dfioyqrl <j)iX(x)V dirediJKaro yvicov." 25

ws 'T] TTois eiTTOvaa yeveidSog rjdeXe irarpos

difjaadai, TToXXds Se jidrriv iravvaaaTO êipa?,

fjiexpi'S tva ipavG€L€. Trarrjp 8' inevevGe yeXdoaas,

- ^rj Se Karappeôjv " ore fxoL Toiavra êatvac

TLKTOiev, tvt66v K€V iyoj t,7]Xrip,ovos "¥Lp7]S

\\y,fj- Ycao/xeVTis" dXiyouii. (hdpev, t€kos, oaa ideXvuLos

atTt4^''S'> Kac o aAAa Trarrjp en pieiL,ova ocoaeL.

Tpls SeKa roL TrroXiedpa Kal ovx €va irvpyov oTrdaGCO,

Tpls SeVa roL TTToXUOpa, rd fxrj Oeov dXXov de^civ

ctcrerat, aAAa pLOvrjV ere /cat ÂprdfiiSog KaXeeadac 35

TToAAa? Se ivvfj TToXias Sta/xerpTjcrao-ât

fjieacroyews viâovs t€* /cat iv TrdojjGiv eaovrai

JtvJ- ÂprejJLiSos ^cofjLOL re /cat aAaea. /cat fiev dyvials

eo-CTT^ /cat XifievecTGLV iTridKOTTOs.^^ cjs 6 puev elTTCJV

fjivdov i'7T€Kprj'qv€ Kaprjari. âlve Se Kovprj 40

XevKov inl K/oi^ratov 6po£ K€KOfjL7]jj,€vov vXr]'

evdev €77-' *Q.K€av6v' iroXeas S' iireXeâTO iû/xâs",

Trdaag elvereas, Tracras" ert vratSas" dfxirpovs.

X^^P^ ^^ Katparos" irorafjuos ftcya, âtpe Sc Tt^ûs",

ovveKa dvyarepas AtjtojlSl TTejXTTOv^ dfxopôvs. 45^ irifiirov schol. Nicand. TA. 349 ; irifjLTrev or iri/xireiv.

" Artemis in one aspect is Eileithyia = Lucina. She is

said to have been born before Apollo and to have assisted

at his birth. Hence her birthday was put on the 6th ofThargelion (Diog. L. ii. 44), while Apollo was born on the7th. (W. Schmidt, Gehurtstag im Altertum, p. 94.)

* Hence her title dvodia, A.'P. y\. 199.

62

HYMN III

mountains will I dwell and the cities of men 1 will

visit only when women vexed by the sharp pangs

of childbirth call me to their aid^—even in the

hour when I was born the Fates ordained that I

should be their helper, forasmuch as my mothersuffered no pain either when she gave me birth or

when she carried me in her womb, but without

travail put me from her body." So spake the child

and would have touched her father's beard, but

many a hand did she reach forth in vain, that

she might touch it. And her father smiled andbowed assent. And as he caressed her, he said

:

^' When goddesses bear me children like this, little

need I heed the wrath of jealous Hera. Take,child, all that thou askest, heartily. Yea, and other

things therewith yet greater will thy father give

thee. Three times ten cities and towers more thanone will I vouchsafe thee—three times ten cities

that shall not know to glorify any other god but

to glorify thee only and be called of Artemis

;

and many cities will I give thee to share with

others, both inland cities and islands ; and in themall shall be altars and groves of Artemis. And thou

shalt be Watcher over Streets * and Harbours.''

"

So he spake and bent his head to confirm his words.

And the maiden fared unto the white mountain of

Crete leafy with woods ; thence unto Oceanus ; andshe chose many nymphs all nine years old, all

maidens yet ungirdled. And the river Caeratus ^

was glad exceedingly, and glad was Tethys that

they were sending their daughters to be hand-maidens to the daughter of Leto.

" As goddess of mariners she is called Euporia, Limenitisetc. So l^yjoaabos^ Apoll. Rh. i. 570.

"^ River near Cnossus in Crete, Strabo 476.

63

CALLIMACHUS

au^t 8e Ku/cAwTras" fJuereKLaOe' rovs fxev ererê

VT^GCp ivl ALTrdpT) {AiTrdpT] viov, dXXd tot ecjKev

ovvofid ol ^^Xiyovvis) iir aKfioaiv 'H(âtCTTOto

ccrraoras" 7T€pl fivSpov cVetyero yap fieya epyovL7nT€Lrjv reTVKOVTO ITocjetSacovt TroTtcTTpTjv. 60

at vvpL<pai o €006Laav, ottojs loov atiâ TreAajpa

TTpyjocTLV ÔcraaLOLGLv ^ ioLKOTa, ttoLgl 8' vn o(f)pvv

(fydea fjLovv6yXr]va adKet taa TeTpapoelo)

Seivov VTToyXavororovTa, /cat OTnroTe Sovttov aKovcrav

aKfJiovos rjxrjorGLVTOs irrl ^ jjueya ttovXv t ctT^/xa 55

(^vddoiv avTOJV t€ âpvv gtovov ave yap AiTvrjy

ave Se TpLvaKir], St/caj^cDv eSos, av€ Se yeiTcov

'IraAtT;, fJueydXrjv Se ^07)v inl K.vpvos dvT€L,

€vd* OL ye paiGTrjpas deLpdp.€Voi virep wficDv

^ XolXkov ^€LOVTa KafiLvoOev 'qe Gihrjpov 60

djjLôXaSls t€TV7t6vt€s cTTt^ puiya ixox^rjoeiav

.

Tco a<j)eas ovk eraAacrorav aKrjSee? 'QKeavtvai

oijT* dvT7]v ISeetv ovt€ ktvttov ovaai Sexdon,.

oy vepLCGLS' Keivovs ye* Acat at pudXa pL7]K€Ti TVTdal''^'

ovhiTTOT* d<f)piKTl puaKdpcjv opocoai dvyaTpeg. 65

dAA' 6t€ Kovpdwv TLS diTeiOia pLrjTepi Tev-)(oi,

P''r]rrjp puev Ku/cAcoTras" ifj eVt 77at8t KaXiOTpelj

"Apyrjv rj TiTepoTrrjv 6 Se BcvpLaTO^ ek piVxdTOio

^Y^ epx^rai ^^pjJLeirjs gttoSltj Kexprjpievos^ aWfj'

i,

"^ ^ 6(T(T€loL(nv {-rjaiv) ; corr. Meineke. ^ ivl Bentley ; iirel.

. .V b*^'^ ^ fTTt Stephanus, Bentley ; ^TreL

* Keipovs 5^ ; corr. Meineke.^ Kexpt-fievos in marg. e ; Kexpî-ti^vos in marg. T(aurinensis).

** Sicily. * Corsica.

I

<= It is hard to determine the sense of d/i/3o\a5ts. TheI schol. says iK Btadoxv^, i.e. in succession or alternately,;' The same difficulty attaches to d/j.p\rj8T]P and afiôXddrjp,

64

HYMN III

And straightway she went to visit the Cyclopes.

Them she found in the isle of Lipara—Lipara in

later days, but at that time its name was Meligunis—at the anvils of Hephaestus, standing round amolten mass of iron. For a great work was beinghastened on : they fashioned a horse-trough for

Poseidon. And the nymphs were affrighted whenthey saw the terrible monsters like unto the crags

of Ossa: all had single eyes beneath their brows,

like a shield of fourfold hide for size, glaring

terribly from under ; and when they heard the dinof the anvil echoing loudly, and the great blast of

the bellows and the heavy groaning of the Cyclopesthemselves. For Aetna cried aloud, and Trinacia"

cried, the seat of the Sicanians, cried too their

neighbour Italy, and Cyrnos *^ therewithal uttered

a mighty noise, when they lifted their hammersabove their shoulders and smote with rhythmicswing'' the bronze glowing from the furnace or

iron, labouring greatly. Wherefore the daughtersof Oceanus could not untroubled look upon themface to face nor endure the din in their ears. Noshame to them ! on those not even the daughtersof the Blessed look without shuddering, thoughlong past childhood's years. But when any of the

maidens doth disobedience to her mother, the

mother calls the Cyclopes to her child—Arges or

Steropes ; and from within the house comes Hermes,

which the scholiasts interpret usually as either= d7ro Trpooi/xiov

or as = " by spurts "(e.ff. Pind. N. x. 62, where among other

explanations in the scholia one is ovk icpeîjs, i.e. notcontinuously). The combination of afxô\a.5r)v with fetw

in Hom. 11. xxi. 364, Herod, iv. 181 might suggest that

here too dfiôXadis should be taken with êlovra in the senseof " sputtering," but the order of words is against that.

F 65

CALLIMACHUS

avTLKa rrjv KOVpr]V fJLopfivGoreraL, rj 8e rcKovcrqg 70

8wet eao) koXttovs Oefjuevr] evrc (jyaeoL x^lpas.

Kovpa, (TV 8e nporepoj Trep, en Tpier-qpos iovcra,

€VT epuoXev Arjrco oe fJier dyKaXiSeorai (j)epov(ja,

*Hât£rrou KoXiovros ottojs qjrrripia Soltj,

Bpovreo) ore GnPapolGLV iêG(jap,evov yovarecrat, 75

GTTÔeos €K fieydXov XacriTjg iSpdâo -x^diTr]?,

^jXgxJâs 8e ^ltj^l' to 8' drpi)(OV elcrert Kal vvv

lieaaariov aripvoLO /xcVet piipos, (hs ore Koparjv^

(fxjjros iviSpvOeXaa KOfJLTjv eVevet/xar' dXivmî'

rco fjbdXa dapGoXej] G<j)e rdSe TTpoaeXegao rrjfjios 80

" Ku/cAcoTre?, Kr)p,OL^ tl K.v8a)VLOV el 8' dye roôv

078* lovs KOiXrjv re /cara/cAiytSa êXepuvcuv

revâre' /cat yap eyd> Arjrcoids wanep ÂttoXXcov.

at 8e /c' iyd) robots fxovLOV SdKos t] tl TreXojpov

drjpLov dypevarcu, ro 8e Kev Ku/cAcottcs" e8ot€^'." 85

evveires' ol 8' ireXeaaav d(f)ap 8' coTrAtacrao, oac-

fMOV,

ali/ta 8' enl GKvXaKas irdXiv yjies' iKeo 8' auAtv

ÂpKaSuKTjv em Uavos. 6 8e Kpea XvyKos erafive

MatvaAtTys", tva ol roKdSes Kvves etSap eSoiev.

rlv 8* o yeveLTJrr^s Svo jxev Kvvas TJ/unGrv Trrjôvs 90

^ KbpffTj Vindob. 318, Vossian. 59.* Ki}ixol Meineke ; rj i} fioi.^

« Kexpw^'ôs of Mss. is probably correct. This participle

in late poetry is used in the vaguest way to indicate anysort of condition.

* 6irTr)pLa, rk virkp rod Ideiv 8wpa (schol.), were gifts givenon seeing for the first time a new-born child (schol. Aesch.Eum. 7 ; Nonn. v. 139). Very similar is the birthday-giftproper, the doa-ts yev^dXios or yepÔXia- to. erri ttj irp'.oTri r]fx4pq,

SQpa (Hesych.). Phoebe gave the oracle at Delphi as abirthday gift to Phoebus. More usually oTrrTjpta= dva/ca-

XvirrripLa, gifts given to the bride by the bridegroom on

HYMN III

stained** with burnt ashes. And straightway heplays bogey to the child and she runs into her

mother's lap, with her hands upon her eyes. Butthou_, Maiden, even earlier, while yet but three years

old, when Leto came bearing thee in her arms at

the bidding of Hephaestus that he might give thee

handsel ^ and Brontes ^ set thee on his stout knees

—

thou didst pluck the shaggy hair of his great breast

and tear it out by force. And even unto this daythe mid part of his breast remains hairless, even as

when mange settles on a man's temples and eats

away the hair.

Therefore right boldly didst thou address themthen :

" Cyclopes, for me too fashion ye a Cydonian ^

bow and arrows and a hollow casket for my shafts

;

for I also am a child of Leto, even as Apollo. Andif I with my bow shall slay some wild creature or

monstrous beast, that shall the Cyclopes eat." Sodidst thou speak and they fulfilled thy words.

Straightway didst thou array thee, O Goddess, andspeedily again thou didst go to get thee hounds

;

and thou camest to the Arcadian fold of Pan. Andhe was cutting up the flesh of a lynx of Maenalus *

that his bitches might eat it for food. And to

thee the Bearded-^ God gave two dogs black-and-

seeing her for the first time ; Pollux ii. 59 oTT-fjpia ra ddpa rkirapa rod irpCiTOv Ibburos tt]v vv/jL<pr]v vv/j.(f>iov di56/Ji€va. Cf. lii.

36 TO, 8^ irapa tov dvSpbs 5id6/xeva 'edva Kai oirT'fjpLa koI ava-

KoKviTTripia . . . Kai wpocripdeyKTrjpLa eKaXovv. Moeris 205. 24dirT-qpia 'AttlkCjs^ dvaKaXvTTTrjpLa'EWrjvtKWi.

" The three Cyclopes, sons of Gaia, were Brontes,Steropes, Arges (Hesiod, Th. 140).

<^i.e. Cretan, cf. Stat. Th. iv. 269 "Cydonea harundine,"vii. 339 " Cydoneas sagittas."

« Mountain in Arcadia.f Cf. Horn. H. Pan 39.

67

CALLIMACHUS

rpeXg Se Trapovaioys^ eVa 8' atoAov, ot pa Xeovrag

avrov£ av ipvovres, ore hpdâivro Sepdcov,

eiAKOv ^ ere i,oiOVTa^ ctt auAtov, CTrra o eoco/ce

OdcrcTovas avpdojv K.vvo(TOvpL8as, at pa StcDât

co/ctcrrat ve^pov^ re /cat ov puvovra Xaycoov, ^^

/cat KOLTTjV iXd(f)OLO /cat varpixos evda KaXial

crr]ixr\vai, /cat tôpKos in^ lxîôv '^yi^Gaadat.

Gvdev d7T€pxofJL€V7] {fJL€rd /cat /ewes' icrorevovro)

€vpe9 inl TTpopioXjja* opeos rod YlappaaioLO

UKaipovaas eXdôvs, /xeya rt xpôs- at /xev ett' oxOjjS 100

atev ipovKoXeovTO fjueXafJupijcfyLSos Âvavpov,

p.daooves ri ravpoi, Kepdcvv 8' aTTeXdfXTTero xp^ôs'iâTTLvrjs S' eraêV t€ /cat w 770Tt dvpuov eeiTres

^^Tovro K€V 'Apre/^tSos" TTpcjrdypiov d^tov etT^."

Trevr* eaav at Trdorai' TTicrvpas 3' e'Aes" c5/ca diovaa 105

v6<J<f)L KVVoSpOlJLL7]9y tva TOt ÔOV tt/O/Xa (f>ipOJGL.

TTjv Se jLttav KcAaSoi'TOS' ^Trep TrorafjLoXo (f)vyovaav

'Jiprjs ivveatrjcnv, dlBXiov 'UpaKXrJL

varepov^ ocfypa yivoiro, Trdyos Kepweto? eSeKro.

"Apre/xt YlapdevLT) TiTVOKrove, p^pucrea /xeV rot 110

evrea /cat t^cLvrfy ;\;pi;cr60V 8' i^cvâo hi^pov,

^ irapovaiovs Schneider after M. Haupt who conjecturedTrapwat'ous, c/. Hesych. *.vu. irapcods and Trdpwos, Arist. i/.-4.

ix. 45, etc. ; irapovaTlovs.

2 erXicoj/ e, c/. Nonn. 25. 188 ; elXoi' A.' Sarepop schol. Apoll. Rh. i. 996 ; varaTov.

J » The ancients differed as to whether 7r7776s meant black'

or white (Hesych. s.w. wrj-ySs and Tn}ye(nixaXKip).

It * It is by no means certain that the mss. irapovariovs is

;j

wrong, "with hanging ears." irapovaiovs is based uponi I Hesych. s.w. irapwds, irdpcoos, AeHan. H.A. viii. 12, cf.

i) I Arist. H.A. ix. 45, Dem. De cor. 260. Should we read.'

' Ila/aaiâtovs, i.e. Molossian?,

68

HYMN III

white,** three reddish/ and one spotted, which pulled

down*' very lions when they clutched their throats

and haled them still living to the fold. And he gavethee seven Cynosurian*^ bitches swifter than the winds—that breed which is swiftest to pursue fawns andthe hare which closes not his eyes ^ ; swiftest too

to mark the lair of the stag and where the porcupine

/

hath his burrow, and to lead upon the track of thegazelle.

Thence departing (and thy hounds sped withthee) thou didst find by the base of the Parrhasian

hill deer gambolling—a mighty herd. They alwaysherded by the banks of the black-pebbled Anaurus

—

larger than bulls, and from their horns shone gold.

And thou wert suddenly amazed and saidst to thine

own heart :" This would be a first capture worthy of

Artemis." Five were they in all ; and four thoudidst take by speed of foot—without chase of dogs

—

to draw thy swift car. But one escaped over theriver Celadon, by devising of Hera, that it might bein the after days a labour for Heracles,^ and the

Ceryneian hill received her.

Artemis, Lady of Maidenhood, Slayer of Tityus,

golden were thine arms and golden thy belt, and a

golden car didst thou yoke, and golden bridles,

" ad eptjovres, common in Oppian and Nonnus, is appar-ently a misunderstanding of the Homeric aveprjovres { = dva-

Fepvovres).

^ Arcadian, cf. Stat. Th. iv, 295 "dives Cynosuraferarum."« Oppian, Cyneq. iii. 511 f.

^ Oppian, i6if^. 391 ff.

^ Apollodor. ii. 5. 3 " The third labour which he(Eurystheus) imposed on him (Heracles) was to bring theCerynean hind {KepwlTLv eXacpov) to Mycenae alive. Thiswas a hind . . . with golden horns, sacred to Artemis."Cf. Find. 0. iii. 29.

69

CALLIMACHUS

iv 8' i^dXev ;\;puc7eta, de'q, KefidSecrori x^^^^^'TTOV Se (T€ TO TTpcjTOV Kepoets oôs Tipâr deipeiv

;

Al[jl(x) €7rt SprjLKL, Todev ôpeao Karai^

cpx^Tai dxÔLi'VOiGL Svcraea KpvfjLOv dyovaa. 115

TTOV S' era/xes" TrevKTjv, oltto Se (f)Xoy6£ -rjiltao rroiris

;

Mucra) ev OvXvfJLTTCp, <^deos S* iverjKas dvr/jirjv

dapecTTOVy to pa rrarpog diroardlôvGi Kepavvol.

TToaadKL 8* dpyvpeoLO, Oeri, TreiprjGdo roôv

;

vpajTOV iirl TrreXerjv, to 8e SevTepov rJKas inl Spvv, 120

TO TpiTov avT* irrl drjpa. to T€TpaTOv ovk€T* €7tI

dXXd fjitv els dSiKOJv eâXeg ttoXlv, olt€ Trepl aîasol T€ 7T€pl êivovs dXiTTjixova TToAAa TeXeuKov,

gx^tXiol' ots" Tvvrj x^^^'^W ^P^P'dêai dpyr^v

KTijved (^ XoLjjLog ^ KaTaôGKeTai, epya 8e Trdxvr], 125

KeipovTai 8e yepovTes i(f>* viaGLV, at Se yvvaiKes

^ ^XrjTal dvQGKOVGL AcpôjtSes" 'r]€ (f)vyovGaL

TiKTO-OGLV Ta)v^ ovSev eVt G(j)vp6v opdov dveGTY).

otg* 8e K€v evfjLetSijs t€ /cat tAaos" avydGGrjai,

KeivoLS ev pLev dpovpa <f)ip€L GTdxvv, ev 8e yevedXr] 130

TeTpanoScuVy ev 8' oAjSos" aeferat* ovS^ eTrl Grjfjia

epxovTai ttXtjv evTe TToXvxpovLOV tl êpojGiv

ovê SixoGTaGLT) Tpcoei yevos, tj t€ /cat ev Trep

oIkovs eGTTjOJTas eGLvaTO' rat 8e dvwpovt."^-

I^"' , elvdTepes yaXocp Te /xtav Trepl Sicfypa TiOevTai. 135

l^^t-v^Y''^^ TTOTVia, Tojv eir] /xev e/xot ^t'Aos" ogtls dXridrjs,

«^'*^<^'*.- €h]V 8' avTos, dvaGGa, /xeAot 8e yitot atei^ aotSry*

^ drjp Editor ; 5pvv. ^ Xifibs A.^ tCiv 5' Mss. ; corr. Cobet. * o&s d and Paris. 456.

« etVarepes = wives whose husbands are brothers; ya\6(f =wife and sister(s) of one man. (Horn. II. vi. 378.) Gercke,Rh. Mus.

70

HYMN III

goddess^ didst thou put on thy deer. And wherefirst did thy horned team begin to carry thee ? ToThracian Haemus^ whence conies the hurricane of

Boreas bringing evil breath of frost to cloakless men.And where didst thou cut the pine and from whatflame didst thou kindle it ? It was on MysianOlympus, and thou didst put in it the breath of

flame unquenchable, which thy Father's bolts distil.

And how often goddess, didst thou make trial of

thy silver bow ? First at an elm, and next at an oakdidst thou shoot, and third again at a wild beast. Butthe fourth time—not long was it ere thou didst

shoot at the city of unjust men, those who to oneanother and those who towards strangers wroughtmany deeds of sin, froward men, on whom thou wilt

impress thy grievous wrath. On their cattle plaguefeeds, on their tilth feeds frost, and the old men cut

their hair in mourning over their sons, and their

wives either are smitten and die in childbirth, or, if

they escape, bear births whereof none stands onupright ankle. But on whomsoever thou lookest

smiling and gracious, for them the tilth bears the

corn-ear abundantly, and abundantly prospers the

fourfooted breed, and abundant waxes their prosper-

ity : neither do they go to the tomb, save when theycarry thither the aged. Nor does faction wound their

race—faction which ravages even well-established

houses : but brother's wife and husband's sister set

their chairs around one board." Lady, of that

number be whosoever is a true friend of mine, andof that number may I be myself, O Queen, and maysong be my study for ever. In that song shall be the

xlli. (1887), p. 273 if., sees an allusion to Arsinoe I. andArsinoe II.

71

CALLIMACHUS

rfj €vi (lev ArjTovs ydfjuos ecraeraij ev 8e av ttoAAtJ,

€V Se /cat ÂttoXXojv, iv 8' ot aeo ttolvtcs dedXoL,

ev 8e Kvves /cat rdfa /cat aVruye?, at re ere peta 140

drj-qrrjv (fiopiovaiv, or is Ato? olkov iXavvets.

evda TOL dvTLOcovres ivl TrpofxoXrJGL Sexovrat

OTrXa fxev ^Yipfxei'qs ÂKaKrjGLpSy avrdp 'AttoXXcov

dripiov OTTL (f)eprjada- TrdpotOe ye}- irplv Trep iKeadai

Kaprepov 'AXKetSrjv vvv 8' ovKeri rovrov dedXov 145

(ÔLôs ^X^^> TOLOS yap del TipyvOiog aKpLCjov

earrjKe Trpo rrvXewv TToriheyfJievos, el n êpovoa

veZai 7TLOV eSeapua- deol 8' CTrt Trdvres e/cetVoj

dXXrjKTOV yeXoojGL, jLtaAtara 8e Trevdeprj avrrj,

ravpoy or e/c 8i(f)poio fidXa fxeyav r) o ye ^ ;Âow7yi^ 150

Kdirpov ottkjOlSlolo <êpoL rrohos ddTraipovra'

KepSaXecp fivdcp ae, derj, p^dXa rcpBe invvoKei

"^(xAAe KaKovs eTrl drjpas, tva dvrjroi ere ôr)96v

COS ifJLe klkXtigkcjglv .^ ea TrpoKas rjSe Xaycoovs

ovpea ÔGKeadat' rl 8e Kev^ irpoKes 7^8e Aayoôt 155

peêiav ; aves ^pyoL, (Jves (jyvrd XvjjiaivovraL.

/cat ôes dvdpcjTTOiaL /ca/cov jxeya- âAA' eTrl /cat

TOl'S'.

60S" everrev, raxi'Vos 8e pueyav irepl dijpa Trovelro.

OX) yap 6 ye ^pvylrj Trep vtto Spvl yvla dewdels

1 7e Blomf. ; 5^.

2 6' 76 d ; 6t€,

^ KLKXrjaKoocnv F and Voss. 59 ; -ova-iv AE.* tL K€V.

" Cf. the Homeric epithet of Hermes, 'A/fd/fijra, //. xvi.

185, etc.* Heracles, as son of Amphitryon son of Alcaeus.

According to Apollodor. ii. 4. 12, Alcides was the original

name of Heracles, the latter name having been bestowedupon him by the Pythian priestess when he consulted the

72

HYMN III

Marriage of Leto ; therein thy name shall often-times

be sung ; therein shall Apollo be and therein all thylabours^ and therein thy hounds and thy bow and thychariots^ which lightly carry thee in thy splendour,

when thou drivest to the house of Zeus. There in

the entrance meet thee Hermes and Apollo : Hermes,the Lord of Blessing," takes thy weapons, Apollo

takes whatsoever wild beast thou bringest. Yea, so

Apollo did before strong Alcides ^ came, but nowPhoebus hath this task no longer ; in such wise the

Anvil of Tiryns ^ stands ever before the gates, waiting

to see if thou wilt come home with some fat morsel.

And all the gods laugh at*him with laughter unceas-

ing and most of all his own wife's mother ^ when hebrings from the car a great bull or a wild boar,

carrying it by the hind foot struggling. With this

cunning speech, goddess, doth he admonish thee :

" Shoot at the evil wild beasts that mortals may call

thee their helper even as they call me. Leave deerand hares to feed upon the hills. What harm could

deer or hares do ? It is boars which ravage the tilth

of men and boars which ravage the plants ; and oxenare a great bane to men : shoot also at those." Sohe spake and swiftly busied him about the mightybeast. For though beneath a Phrygian* oak his

oracle after he had gone into exile for the murder of his

children. Heracles asked the oracle where he should dwelland he was told to settle in Tiryns and serve Eurystheusfor twelve years.

" There is no reason whatever to suppose that &k/j.wv herehas any other than its ordinary sense of anvil, used meta-phorically, as in Aesch. Pers. 52. It has been sometimessupposed to mean unwearied = d/cd;LiaTos.

'^ Hera, mother of Hebe.* " Phrygia, a hill in Trachis where Heracles was burnt"

(schoL).

73

CALLIMACHUS

iravaar dSr)(f)a'yL7]S' ert ol irdpa vrjSvs iKelvrj, 160

TTJ 7TOT* dporpiOOJVTL GVVT^VT€TO 0€toSa/XaVTt.

Gol S* 'AjLtvtcjtaSe? /xev vtto ^€vyXrj(l)L Xvdelaas

i/jijXOVGLV /ce/xaSas", Trapd Se o(J)igl ttovXv vepbeudai

H/oi]S" e/c XeifJiaJvos dfi'qcrdiJLevai cf)op€OV(nv

(LkvOoov^ rpiiTerrjXov, o /cat Atos" t77-7rot eSovaiV 165

€V /cat ;^/)U(7€tas" VTToXrjvlSag iirX-qoavTO

vharos, o(f)p^ eXd(f)OiaL ttotov Ojjjidpjjievov €£/^.

auTi] S' e? Trarpos Sofiov epxâc ol Se ct* €^* eSprjv

irdvres ofxcog KaXeovcn' crv S' 'ATrdAAoivt TrapLêtg.

TjVLKa 8' at vvfji(f)ai ae X^P^ ^^'^ KyxXwcrovraL 170

dyxodi TTTjydcov Alyvirriov 'IvojTroto

^ ntravTys" (/cat yap YiLrdvr] aedev) ri ivl AijivaiSt

Tj tva, SaifJLOv, 'AAas" 'Apa^TyvtSas" olKijcrovaa

^Xdes dTTO YiKvOir^s, diro 8' elirao red/jLia Tavpcuv,

fJiTj v€l6v tt]fiovTOs ifjual ôes etve/ca fjnadov 175

rerpdyvov refivoiev V'n dXXorpLCO dporrjpi'

rj ydp K€v yviai re /cat au;^^'^^ K€KiJL7)VLai

1 (JoKijdoov e, c/. Hesych. s.v. ; uiK^deov.

" When Heracles was passing through the land of theDryopes, being in want of food for his young son Hyllus,he unyoked and slaughtered one of the oxen of Theiodaraas,king of the Dryopes, whom he found at the plough. Warensued between the Dryopes and Heracles, and the Dryopeswere defeated, and Hylas, son of Theiodaraas, was taken as

a hostage by Heracles (Apollodor. ii. 7. 7, ApoU. Rh. i.

1211 if., Ovid, lb. 488). Hence Heracles got the epithet

Bouthoinas, schol. Apoll. Rh. /.c, Gregor. Naz, Or. iv. 123.

The Lindian peasant who was similarly treated by Heracles,

and who, while Heracles feasted, stood apart and cursed(hence curious rite at Lindos in Rhodes, where, when they

74

HYMN III

flesh was deified, yet hath he not ceased fromgluttony. Still hath he that belly wherewith he metTheiodamas <* at the plough.

For thee the nymphs of Amnisus rub down thehinds loosed from the yoke, and from the mead of

Hera they gather and carry for them to feed onmuch swift-springing clover, which also the horses

of Zeus eat ; and golden troughs they fill with waterto be for the deer a pleasant draught. And thyself

thou enterest thy Father's house, and all alike bid

thee to a seat ; but thou sittest beside Apollo.

But when the nymphs encircle thee in the dance,

near the springs of Egyptian Inopus ^ or Pitane ^

—

for Pitane too is thine—or in Limnae^ or where,goddess, thou camest from Scythia to dwell, in AlaeAraphenides,* renouncing the rites of the Tauri,/

then may not my kine cleave a four-acred 9 fallow

field for a wage at the hand of an alien ploughman ;

else surely lame and weary of neck would they come

sacrifice to Heracles, they do it with curses, Conon 11,

Apollod. ii. 5. 11. 8, Lactant. Inst. Div. i. 21) is identified

with Theiodamas by Philostr. Jma(/. ii. 24. Cf. G. Knaack,Hermes xxiii. (1888), p. 131 ff.

* Inopus in Delos was supposed to have a subterraneanconnexion with the Nile.

" On the Eurotas with temple of Artemis.'^ This may be the Athenian Limnae (so schol.) ; but there

was a Limnaeon also in Laconia with temple of Artemis andan image supposed to be that carried oif by Orestes andIphigeneia (Paus. iii. 7) from Taurica.

« Attic deme between Marathon and Brauron with templeof Artemis (Eurip. Iphig. in T. 1446 if.).

'' In the Crimea, where Artemis was worshipped withhuman sacrifice (Eurip. I.e., Ovid, Trist. iv. 4, Ex Pontoiii. 2, Herod, iv. 103).

^ The typical heroic field (Horn. Od. xviii. 374, Apoll.Rh. iii. 1344) ; cf. Od. vii. 1 13.

75

CALLIMACHUS

KOTTpov em TTpoyivoLVTO, /cat el SrUjU-âttSes" elev

elvaertôfJievaL KepaeXKees, at pt-ey^ dpajrat

repuveiv coA/ca âdelav eTrel Oeog ovttot eKelvov 180

rjXde Trap" 'HeAto? koXov xopo^, dXXa deijrai

8l(f)pov eTTLGT'qaas, ra Se <j)dea pLrjKvvovrai.

TLS he vv TOL vtJgojv, TTolov 8' opo? evaSe TrXelarov,

ris he XtpLt^v, ttolt] he TToXtg; rcva 8' eôxci vvficfyecov

(j)iXao, Kal TTOiag 'qpcolSa^ eaês eralpas; 185

etTre, 6eij, crv fjiev dpbpbiv, eyoj 8' erepoiGLV deiGco.

vârcov /xev AoXtxr], ttoXlojv he tol evahe Hepyr],

Trjvyerov 8* opecov, Xcpueveg ye puev EuptVoto.

eôxa 8' dXXdctJV Toprvvlha <f)LXao vvpi(j)7]v,

eXXoôvov BpiTopâpriV evGKonov tjs rrore MtVcus" 190

TTTOnqOels VTT* epojTi Karehpapiev ovpea Kp-qrrjs.

Tj 8* ore puev Xaairjuiv vtto hpval KpVTrrero vvpL<f>r],

dXXore 8* elaiJievfJGLV' 6 8' evvea purjva? e(j)oira

irairraXd re Kprjpbvovs re Kal ovk dverravGe huoKrvv,

pL€G(f) ore pbapTTropLevT) Kal hrj Gxehov rjXaro rrovrov 195

Trprjovos e^ VTrdroio Kal evdopev els dXirjCxyv

hiKrva, rd Gcf)^ ecracocrav odev pbereTretra Kvhwves

»wW yvp'(l>'^y pêv AcKrvvav, opos 8' odev rjXaro vvp,(f)7]

4 AiKratov KaXeovGiv, dveGrrjGavro he ^copcovs

lepd re pet,ovGi' ro he Grecjios TJpLan Keivo) 200

'^^^*^'K Tj TTirvs 77 GX^voSi pLVproLo he x^^P^^ ddiKror

L-J« i.e. from Epirus. For the great size of the 'HTreipwrt/cai

/36€s see Aristotle, H.A. iii. 21, who says that when milkingthem the milker had to stand upright in order to reach theudder. Both Stymphaea and Tymphaea seem to be attested,

though the latter seems to have the better authority (Steph.Byz. s.v. TvfKpT]).

* Hesiod, W. 436." Dohche: either Euboea {E.M. s.v. Eif/3oia), E. Maass,

' Hermes xxv. (1890), p. 404, or Icaros (Steph. Byz. *.'y.''l/ca/)os),

76

HYMN III

to the byre, yea even were they of Stymphaean <*

breed, nine ^ years of age, drawing by the horns

;

which kine are far the best for cleaving a deepfurrow ; for the god HeUos never passes by that

beauteous dance, but stays his car to gaze upon the

sight, and the Hghts of day are lengthened.

Which now of islands, what hill finds most favour

with thee ? What haven ? . What city ? Which of the

nymphs dost thou love above the rest, and whatheroines hast thou taken for thy companions ? Say,

goddess, thou to me, and I will sing thy saying to

others. Of islands Doliche '^ hath found favour with

thee, of cities Perge,^ of hills Taygeton,^ the havensof Euripus. And beyond others thou lovest the

nymph of Gortyn, Britomartis,/ slayer of stags, the

goodly archer ; for love of whom was Minos of old

distraught and roamed the hills of Crete. And the

nymph would hide herself now under the shaggyoaks and anon in the low meadows. And for nine

months he roamed over crag and cliff and made not

an end of pursuing, until, all but caught, she leapt

into the sea from the top of a cliff and fell into the

nets of fishermen which saved her. Whence in after

days the Cydonians call the nymph the Lady of the

Nets (Dictyna) and the hill whence the nymphleaped they call the hill of Nets (Dictaeon), andthere they set up altars and do sacrifice. And the

garland on that day is pine or mastich, but the hands

or an island off Lycia (Steph. Byz. s.v. AoXtx^ ' v^aos irposry

AvKlq:, (bs KaXXi/iaxos)."^ In Pamphylia, with temple of Artemis, Strabo 667.^ In Laconia.'' Britomartis or Dictyna, a Cretan goddess sometimes

represented as an attendant of Artemis, sometimes regardedas identical with her.

77

^^'

CALLIMACHUS

Srj rore yap ireTrXoicriv iveax^ro fjuvpaivos 6t,09

rrjg Kovpr]9y or* ecfyevyev 66ev /jueya •)(0)<jaro [xvprcp*

OvTTi dvaaa evojTn (f)a€(j(f)6p€, /cat Se ae Keivrjs

K.prjTa€€9 KaXeovoTLV i7rojvvfjLir]V oltto vvpi<j)7]£. 205

/cat jLti7v Yivpriv7]v irapLaaao, rfj ttot ehojKas

(*-A avTY) drjprjrrjpe Svco /ewe, rots* eVt Kovprj

y^ *Yip7]ls TTapa rvfjLôv ÎcoXklov e/xfjuop^ dedXov.

/cat Ke^ctAou âvOrjv dXoxov ArjiovtSao,

TTOTVia, arjv oaodr^poy eOrjKao' /cat 8e cre âcrt 210

KaXrjv *Avrt/cAetav taov âeeccrt îXrjdaii /7

at TrpaJraL dod roâ /cat djjL(f>* cojLtotcrt (f>ap€rpas

loSoKov? i(f)6pr]aav' daiXXajTOL Se <j)iv co/xot

heîrepOL /cat yvfivog del 7rap€<j)aiv€ro fjuaôs.

'^vrjoras 8* en Trdyxv 'ô§2i2£^£22y^^'^^Xdvrrjv

,

215

Kovprjv 'laatoto gvoktovov 'A/3/caCTt8ao,

^'^ ** /cat € KVvr]XaGL7]v re /cat evcrrop^tT^v iSlBaâs.

^"I- " - ov fjLLV eviKXiqTOi Ys.aXvhcx)viov dypevrrjpes

fX€jx<ôvrai Kairpoio' rd ydp orrjfjLtjLa vlktjs 220

'Ap/caStT^v elarjXOev, e;^€t 8' ert 6r)p6s oSovras'

ovSe fJL€V 'YXaiov re /cat d^pova 'Pot/cov eoXira

ovSe 7T€p exQaipovras ev *'At8t fxcupi'âaadaL

TOÔTLV ov ydp G<j)LV Xayoves (TUveTrtj/revcjovrat,

rdojv MatvaAtTy vaev (f)6va) dKpcLpeia.

TTOTVia TTOvXvjjLeXadpe, ttoXvittoXl , X^^P^ XtrcuvTy 225

MtAi^TO) eTrihr^pLe' ae ydp TTOiTâaro NtÂcvs"

^ " Artemis in Ephesus, Sparta, etc. * Cyrene." " The tomb of Pelias " (schol.). See Introduction.^ Procris. * Mother of Odysseus.' The MS. d(n^X(X)wToi is quite unknown. The transla-

tion assumes a connexion with fio-tXXa.

78n

HYMN III

touch not the myrtle. For when she was in flight,

a myrtle branch became entangled in \he maiden'srobes ; wherefore she was greatly angered against

the myrtle. Upis/ O Queen, fairfaced Bringer or

Light, thee too the Cretans name after that nymph.Yea and Cyrene thou madest thy comrade, to whomon a time thyself didst give two hunting dogs, withwhom the maiden daughter of Hypseus ^ beside the

lolcian tomb'' won the prize. And the fair-haired

wife^ of Cephalus, son of Deioneus, O Lady, thoumadest thy fellow in the chase ; and fair Anticleia,*

they say, thou didst love even as thine own eyes.

These were the first who wore gallant bow andarrow - holding quivers on their shoulders ; their

right shoulders bore the quiver strap,-^ and always

the right breast showed bare. Further thou didst

greatly commend swift-footed Atalanta,^ the slayer

of boars, daughter of Arcadian lasius, and taught herhunting with dogs and good archery. They that

were called to hunt the boar of Calydon find nofault with her ; for the tokens of victory came into

Arcadia which still holds the tusks of the beast.

Nor do I deem that Hylaeus ^ and foolish Rhoecus,

for all their hate, in Hades slight her archery. Forthe loins, with whose blood the height of Maenalusflowed, will not abet the falsehood.

Lady of many shrines, of many cities, hail ! God-dess of the Tunic,*' sojourner in Miletus ; for thee

s' Atalanta took a prominent part in the hunt of the Caly-donian boar, and received from Meleager the hide and headof the boar as her prize (Paus. viii. 45).

^ Hylaeus and Rhoecus were two centaurs who insulted

Atalanta and were shot by her (ApoUod. iii. 9. 2).

* Chitone, by-name of Artemis as huntress, wearing asleeveless tunic {xt-rcov) reaching to the knees,

79

CALLIMACHUS

'qyefxovqv y ore vrjvalv dvqyero JêKpoTTirjOev.

yLrjGias ÎfJu^pacrLTj rrpojroBpove, aol S' *AyajLte/xvct)v

TTT^haXiov vr]6s oêripris iyKdrdero vrjco

pLelXiOV dTTXotrjs , ore ol KareSrjaag drjraSy

TcvKpcjv r)VLKa vrjes 'A;âtt8es' darea KrjSeiv

errXeov dpLcj)^ "FiXevj] ^PapLVOVGiSi dvjjLCodetaaL.

7^ fji€V TOL UpoiTos y€ Suco eKadiGaaTO vriovsy

dXXov fi€V K.opir)9, on ol avveXeâo Kovpas

ovpea irXaiôfievas Â^-qvcap- rov 8' ivl Aovaotg

^Hfiepf), ovveKa dvfJLOV dir" dypiov etAeo TralScjv.

aol /cat ÂfxaôviSes TToXefjuov 42Ii;î^/i?IlJ^^£?'

'%^l> €v TTore TrappaXirj 'Eêcroj Operas topvaavro

^rjyo) V7t6 TTpejJLVcp, reXeorev Se rot iepov 'Ittttcu'

[^} ' dvral S\ OvTTL dvacjGa, Trepi 7r£vXw (l)pxr]o>avTO

Trpwra puev iv aaKeeaatv evoirXioVy avOi he kvkXco

arrjo-dfJLevaL x^pov evpvv VTnjeiaav 8e Xiyeiai

XcTrraXeov Gvpiyyes, tva ptJggojglv^ ofjuaprfj'

ov ydp TTCO ve^peua St' dcrrea Terprjvavro,

epyov Âdr]valrjs iXd(j)cp KaKov eSpapue S' '^X^TidpStas €s T€ vopLov BepeKvvdiov. at 3e rroSeGGLV

ovXa KaT€KpordXiôv y €7r6i/j6(f)€OV 8e âperpai.

1 dêivLa Mss. ; corr. Spanheim.^ Tr\i^(x{cr)u}aiv mss. ; irXiaffucnv Arnaldus ; priaaiaaiv de Jan.

« Neleus, son of Codrus, founder of Miletus (Strabo, 633).* Artemis Hegemone as leader of colonists (Pans. viii. 37)." i.e. Athens. ^ Cape in Samos. « River in Saraos.'' Artemis was worshipped in Ephesus with the title

UpcoTodpovlr) (Pans, x. 38. 6). For rock-cut throne on MountCoressus at Ephesus cf. A. B. Cook, Zeus, i. p. 140 f.

^ The dwXoia is sometimes described as a storm, sometimesas a dead calm.

'' Epithet of Helen as daughter of Nemesis, who wasworshipped at Rhamnus in Attica.

» King of Argos.

80

HYMN III

did Neleus " make his Guide,^ when he put off withhis ships from the land of Cecrops.^ Lady of

Chesion^ and of Imbrasus/ throned/ in the highest,

to thee in thy shrine did Agamemnon dedicate therudder of his ship, a charm against ill weather/when thou didst bind the winds for him, what timethe Achaean ships sailed to vex the cities of theTeucri, wroth for Rhamnusian ^ Helen.

For thee surely Proetus* established two 'shrines,

one of Artemis of Maidenhood for that thou didst

gather for him his maiden daughters/ when theywere wandering over the Azanian *^ hills ; the other

he founded in Lusa ^ to Artemis the Gentle,*" because

thou tookest from his daughters the spirit of wildness.

For thee, too, the Amazons, whose mind is set onwar, in Ephesus beside the sea established an imagebeneath an oak trunk, and Hippo "^ performed a holy

rite for thee, and they themselves, O Upis Queen,around the image danced a war-dance— first in

shields and in armour, and again in a circle arraying

a spacious choir. And the loud pipes thereto pipedshrill accompaniment, that they might foot the dancetogether (for not yet did they pierce the bones of

the fawn, Athene's handiwork,*' a bane to the deer).

And the echo reached unto Sardis and to the Bere-cynthian^P range. And they with their feet beat

loudly and therewith their quivers rattled.

' For their madness and cure cf. Pans. ii. 7. 8, viii. 18. 7 f.

* Azania in Arcadia. ' In Arcadia."* For the temple of Artemis Hemera or Hemerasia at

Lusa cf. Paus. viii. 18. 8.

" Queen of the Amazons, no doubt identical withHippolyte.

« The flute (ai'X6s) invented by Athena (Find. P. xii. 22)was often made from fawn bones. Poll. iv. 71, Athen. 182 e,

Plut. 3[or. 150 E. ^ In Phrygia.

G 81

CALLIMACHUS

K€LVO Se rot iJL€T€7r€LTa Trepl operas evpv OepLeiXov

ScjfjLT^dr] , rod 8' ovre decorepov oiperai rjo)?

ov8^ a^veLorepov pea Kev YVvdihva rrapiXdoL. 250

TcD pa /cat r^Xaivoiv dXanaêfxev rjTTeiXrjae

AvySapLLS v^pKyrrjS' inl Se arparov LTTTrrjpLoXycov

T^yaye ^ Kt/x/xepi6t>v ifjafiddcp laov, ot pa nap^ avrov

KCKXifxevoL vaiovGi poos rropov Îvaxi'Covrjs

.

d SeiXos- pacriXeojv, ooov TJXtTev ov yap e/xeXXev 255

ovT^ avTog TiKvdirjvSe 7raXip,Treres ovre ris dXXos

oaaiov iv Act/xcDvt K-avarpla) earav djxaâi

voaTT]a€LV' ^l^(f>€aov yap del red rdfa TTpoKeirai.

TTOTVia lAovvLX^T] XifjievoGKOTTe, X^^P^ Oepalrj.

fJLij rts" drLfiTârr] tyjv "Aprepav' ov8e yap OlveX 260

^cxipiov drifJLiJGavrL^ KaXol ttoXlv rjXdov dycbves'

fjLTjS^ iXa<f)7jpoXLr)v /xt^S' €VGroxi'r]V epihaiveLV

ovhe ydp ÂrpecSr^g dXiyco em KOfiTraae fjnGdaJ'

/JLrjSe TLva pLvdaBai rrjv rrapdevov ovhe ydp ^Q.tos,

ovê fxev ^Q.apia)v dyaOov ydfiov epLvrjCFTevoav' 265

. /X7^8e x^poy <f>evyeiv ivtavcnov' ovSe ydp 'Itttto)

e^» ^J aKXavre l Trepl ôj/jlov dTTeLTraro KVKXcocraadai'^ yat/oe pueya Kpelovora Kal evdvrrjorov doiSfj.

y^vl€)r(Ky, 1 ijXaffeEt. Gud. Et. M. s.v. taos.

2 drifiTfia-avTi e and Vindobon. 318; aTifidaaPTi Af; drt-

/xdffffavTt Schneider.

« A people living on the north of the Black Sea.* The Cimmerian Bosporus, which was named after the

Cow (/SoDs), i.e. lo, daughter of Inachus, king of Argos." The Cayster is a river in Lydia.^ Harbour of Athens, where Artemis had a temple

(Pans. i. 1. 4).

« Artemis Pheraia is Artemis as Hecate from Pherae in

Thessaly (Paus. ii. 23. 5).

82

HYMN III

And afterwards around that image was raised a

shrine of broad foundations. Than it shall Dawnbehold nothing more divine, naught richer. Easily

would it outdo Pytho. Wherefore in his madnessinsolent Lygdamis threatened that he would lay it

waste, and brought against it a host of Cimmerians *

which milk mares, in number as the sand ; whohave their homes hard by the Straits ^ of the Cow,daughter of Inachus. Ah ! foolish among kings,

how greatly he sinned ! For not destined to return

again to Scythia was either he or any other of those

whose wagons stood in the Caystrian^ plain; for

thy shafts are ever more set as a defence before

Ephesus.

O Lady of Munychia,<^ Watcher of Harbours, hail.

Lady of Pherae*! Let none disparage Artemis.

For Oeneus f dishonoured her altar and no pleasant

struggles came upon his city. Nor let any contendwith her in shooting of stags or in archery. For thesons' of Atreus vaunted him not that he suffered

small requital. Neither let any woo the Maiden

;

for not Otus, nor Orion wooed her to their owngood. Nor let any shun the yearly dance ; for not

tearless to Hippo ^ was her refusal to dance aroundthe altar. Hail, great Queen, and graciously greet

my song.

/ King of Calydon in Aetolia, who neglected to sacrifice

to Artemis. In anger she sent the Calydonian boar to

ravage his land.3 Agamemnon, who shot a stag which was sacred to

Artemis and boasted of the deed (Soph. Electr. 566 f.,

Hygin. Fah. 98). This led to the dTrXoia at Auhs and thesacrifice of Iphigeneia.

^ Queen of the Amazons, who founded the temple ofArtemis at Ephesus.

83

IV.—EIS AHAON

Tr)v lepT^v, a) dvfxe, riva xpovov ^ ttot^ actcrets"

A-Âov, ÂrroXkoivos Kovporp6<j>ov ; rj fxev aTracrat

Kf/cAaSes", at vijacov Upwrarai elv aXi KeZvrai,

evvfJLVoL' ArjXo9 8' edeXei ra Trpcora (j)epeodai

€K M.ov(jecov, on ôlôv doiSdajv /jLeSeovra 5

Xovae re Kal aTTCLpcoae /cat co? deov jjveae Trpwrr).

(1)9 Movtrat Tov ololBov o purj Ilt/XTrAetav deicnrj ^

exOovGLv, rd)9 Ootôs" ons ATyAoto XdSrjrai.

ArjXcp vvv ot/xT^S" OLTToSaGaofjiaL, cos dv ÂttoXXojv

Kw^tos" alviqurj fxe <f)LXrjg dXeyovra tlOt^vtjs. 10

K€ivr] 8' rjvefJLoeaaa Kal drpoiros old 6^ aAtTrAj^jf

aldvirjs Kal fidXXov eirthpopios r)€7Tep Ittttois

TTOVTCp ivecrrijpiKraL' 6 8' d/x^t e ttovXvs iXiaocjv

'I/ca/otou TToXXrjv dTTOjULdaaerai vSaros dxv7]V'

T(x) (7ê Kal IxdvôXrjes dAtVAoot ivvdcrcravTO. 15

dAAct ol ov vefjLeoTTjTov ivl 7Tpd)Tr)cn Xeyeadai,

OTTTTor* is ^Q.K€av6v T€ Kal ig TirrjVLSa Trjdvv

VTJGOt, doXXlôvrai, del 8' eâpxos oSevei.

ri8* oTTidev OotVtcro-a yuer* tpî^ta K.vpvos orrTjSel

^ d iroT Reiske. But the text is quite right.2 deter?; schol. Lycophr. 275 ; de/(ret.

" Fountain in Pieria near Mt. Olympus, sacred to theMuses. * Cynthos, mountain in Delos.

" The Icarian sea, so called from Icarus, son of Daedalus,

84

IV.—TO DELOS

What time or when^ O my soul, wilt thou sing of

holy Delos, nurse of Apollo ? Surely all the Cyclades,

most holy of the isles that lie in the sea, are goodlytheme of song. But Delos would win the foremostguerdon from the Muses, since she it was that bathedApollo, the lord of minstrels, and swaddled him, andwas the first to accept him for a god. Even as theMuses abhor him who sings not of Pimpleia<* so

Phoebus abhors him who forgets Delos. To Delosnow will I give her share of song, so that Cynthian ^

Apollo may praise me for taking thought of his dearnurse.

Wind-swept and stern is she set in the sea, and,

wave-beaten as she is, is fitter haunt for gulls thancourse for horses. The sea, rolling greatly roundher, casts off on her much spindrift of the Icarian*'

water. Wherefore also sea-roaming fishermen havemade her their home. But none need grudge that

she be named among the first, whensoever untoOceanus and unto Titan Tethys the islands gatherand she ever leads the way.^ Behind her footsteps

follow Phoenician Cyrnus,* no mean isle, and

who fell into it when his father and he attempted to fly fromCrete with artificial wings to escape the wrath of Minos.(Strabo 639, Diodor. iv. 77.)

^ See Introduction.« Corsica, colonized by the Phoenicians.

85

OVK ovorrj /cat Ma/cpts" 'AjSavrtas" 'EAAottii^cov 20

TiapBo) 6^ LfJiepoeGGa Kal rjv iTrevqâro K.V7Tpis

ef v8aro9 rot irpcora, aaoX 8e /xtv avr' iTTLâOpajy.

K€LVai fJbkv TTVpyOLGL 7TeplGK€7T€€0(JlV epVfMVaL,

ArjXos S' ÂttoXXojvl' tl 8e ariâpajrepov epKOs;

T€LX€a fi€V Kal Xdes vnal pLirfjg k€ TreGOtev 25

^TpvfjLovLOV ôpeao' deos S' del darvîXiKTOS'

ArjXe îXr]y tolos ae ô-qdoos d/x^tjSejSrÂcev.

el he Xltjv TToXeeg ae TrepirpoxoiJoaLv dotSaly

TTOLYj^ ivLTrXeô) oe; tl tol Ovpiijpes dKovaai;

7} (hs ^ TCL TTpcjTLara jxeyas deos ovpea deivojv 30

aopL rptyXcjxi'Vt', to ol TeXx'lves erevâv,

vrJGOvs elvaXias elpydêro, vepOe he Trdcras^

eK vedrcjy dj;Âtcrcre /cat eicre/cuAtcre daXdocrrj;

/cat rds pêv Kara ^vacroVy tv* rjTreipoLO Xddoivrai,

TTpvpuvoOev ippLôjcre' ae 8* ovk edXiipev dvdyKT], 35

oAA' d(f)eros TreXdyeacnv eTrerrXees, ouVo/xa 8* rjv gol

ÂcrrepiT] to TraXaiov, errel âdvv T^'Aao Td(j>pov

ovpavodev <j)evyovGa Atos" ydpuov duTepi tar].

T6(jipa pbev ovTTio gol xP^^^'^ eirep^LGyeTO Atjto),

T6(f>pa 8* €r* ÂGTepir) gv Kal ovhenoj e/cAeo ArjXos' 40

TToXXaKL ere* TpoLîjvos dno âvdolo TToXixvrjS

•^ Tolt] MSS. 2 X <^5 MSS.^ 5f 7rci<ras MSS. ;

5' e\d(r<ras Meineke ;5' iirdpas Schneider.

* iroXKaKL a iK marg. Taur. , corr. Meineke ; TroXXdfctj iK.

« Euboea, which was also called Ellopia from Ellops, sonof Ion (Strabo 445, Steph. B. s.v. 'EWowia.)

* Sardinia. «= Cyprus (schol.).'^ iiriâdpov (Horn. Od. xiv. 449, Callim. Hec. 31, Apoll. Rh.

1. 421) is properly the fee for entering a ship ; cf. Eustath.on Horn, /.c, Hesych. s.v.=vav\ov. Here = fee for settingfoot in Cyprus. Cf. Nonnus xiii, 457 Ildôj' . . . e| vdarcvv

iir'iâdpov dvepxo/xhrjs 'AcppodiTrj^.

" Strymon, river in Thrace, (d^' oS 6 ^Sopas • ^Tpvfioviov

ôpiao, Steph. B. *.v.)

86

HYMN IV

Abantian Macris** of the EUopians, and delectable

Sardoj^ and the isle ^ whereto Cypris first swam fromthe water and which for fee'* of her landing she

keeps safe. They are strong by reason of sheltering

towers, but Delos is strong by aid of Apollo. Whatdefence is there more steadfast ? Walls and stones

may fall before the blast of Strymonian * Boreas

;

but a god is unshaken for ever. Delos beloved, suchis the champion that encompasses thee about

!

Now if songs full many circle about thee, withwhat song shall I entwine thee ? What is that

which is pleasing unto thee to hear ? Is it the tale

how at the very first the mighty god/ smote the

mountains with the three-forked sword which theTelchines^' fashioned for him, and wrought the

islands in the sea, and from their lowest foundations

lifted them all as with a lever and rolled them into

the sea .'' And them in the depths he rooted fromtheir foundations that they might forget the main-land. But no constraint afflicted thee, but free uponthe open sea thou didst float ; and thy name of old

was Asteria,^ since like a star thou didst leap fromheaven into the deep moat, fleeing w^edlock with

Zeus. Until then golden Leto consorted not with

thee : then thou wert still Asteria and wert not yet

called Delos. Oft-times did sailors coming from the

town of fair-haired Troezen ^ unto Ephyra-? within

'' Poseidon.3 Mythical artificers, " notique operura Telchines, " Stat. T.

ii. 274 ; 8. iv. 6. 47.^ As if from aster -^X^s. Stat. A. i. 388 '' instabili Delo."' Troezen, son of Pelops, founder of Troezen in Argolis

(Strabo 374, Pans. ii. 30. 8, Steph. B. s.v.)

^ Ephyra, old name of Corinth (Paus. ii. 1. 1, Strabo 338,

Steph. Byz. s.v.)

87

CALLIMACHUS

ipXOfJLevoL *Fi(l)vp7jvh€ TtapojviKov evSodi koXttov

vavrai iTreaKdipavro, Kal ef 'Eû/jt^s* olvlovtcs

OL fjiev er ou/c toov avtfc, av oe gtclvolo Trap ogvv

eSpafies Eu/atVoto TTopov KavaxrjSa peovros, 45

XaA/ctStK'^S" S* avrrjfxap dvqvajjLdvrj dXos vSojp

/Aco-^* eV Âdr^vaiwv TTpoaevqâo Sowtov aKpov

T] Xtov '^ VT^CTOto hid^po)(OV vhari fiaorrov

tlapdevLTjs {ovttcjo yap erjv Xdfjios), rjx^ ^^ vvpi<j>ai

I (yJ^. y€iTOV€S ÂyKaLOV MvKaXrjaaLhes^ iêiviaaav. 50

7jLor^ rjVLKa 8' ÂttoXXojvl yeveOXiov ouSa? viriox'^S,

% iJ^ Tovro roL avTyiuoiBov dXirrXooL ovvoll edcvro,

owe/cev ovK€T aorjAos eTreTrAees", aAA €Vt ttovtov

^^^ KVfjLaaiv AlyaioLO ttoBojv ivediJKao piâg.

oi5S' "Hprjv Koreovaav virirpeaas' r) [jl€V aTrdcraLg 55

heivov irreppajfidTO Xexoiicriv at Att iralhas

iîêpov, ArjTOi Se SiaKpibov, ovveKa jjlovvt]

"ZiTjVL T€Keiv rjpieXXe <j>iXaiT€pov "Apeos via.

TO) pa Kal avrrj fiev aKOTTvrjv €X€V aWepos €lgoj

arrepxofJLevr] fxeya St} rt /cat ov ârdv, elpye 8e*****"*'

Ar^ro) 6^

^^ reipofievr^v cLSlctl' Svo) Se ot etaro <j)povpoi

yalav iTTOTrrevovres, 6 pikv Trehov rjireipoio

-qfjbevos vi/jTjXrjs KopV(f>rJ£ em Sp^LKOs Alpuov

dovpos *'Apy]s i(f)vXaoG€ avv evreai, rco Se ol Itttto)

iTTrdfXVXOV ôpiao irapd airios rivXit,ovTO' 65

1 Mu/ca\77(rcrt5es Blomf., cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. ; Mu/coXT/o-^Ses.

* Parthenia, old name for Samos (Steph. Byz. s.v.).

* Mycale lies on the mainland, opposite Samos, or whichAncaeus, son of Zeus or Poseidon and Astypalaia, was themythical king. Steph. Byz,, s.v. MvKaXrjaaSs, says ^(ttl Kal

6pos M.vKa\r)(X(rQS ivavriov Xd/xov ' Kai MvKa\7)(rais t6 Qt)\vk6v.<= Stat. T. viii. 197 " partuque ligatam Delon."^ Apollo.

88

HYMN iV

the Saronic gulf descry thee, and on their way backfrom Ephyra saw thee no more there, but thou hadst

run to the swift straits of the narrow Euripus with

its sounding stream. And the same day, turning

thy back on the waters of the sea of Chalcis, thou

didst swim to the Sunian headland of the Atheniansor to Chios or to the wave-washed breast of the

Maiden's Isle/ noir yet called Samos—where the

nymphs of Mycalessos,^ neighbours of Ancaeus, enter-

tained thee.

But when thou gavest thy soil to be the birth-

place of Apollo, seafaring men gave thee this

name in exchange, since no more didst thou floaf

obscure (a8>;Aos) upon the water, but amid the

waves of the Aegean sea didst plant the roots of thy

feet.

And thou didst not tremble before the anger of

Hera, who murmured terribly against all child-

bearing women that bare children to Zeus, but

especially against Leto, for that she only was to bear

to Zeus a son ^ dearer even than Ares. Whereforealso she herself kept watch within the sky, angeredin her heart greatly and beyond telling, and she

prevented Leto who was holden in the pangs of

child-birth. And she had two look-outs set to keepwatch upon the earth. The space of the continent

did bold Ares watch, sitting armed on the high top

of Thracian Haemus, and his horses were stalled bythe seven-chambered cave* of Boreas. And the

« Gf. Stat. Th. vi. 100 "Dat gemitum tellus : non sic

eversa feruntur Ismara, cum fracto Boreas caput extulit

antro." The cave of Boreas lay in the far North-east (PUn.N.H. vii. 10; Soph. Ant. 983, schol. ; Apoll. Rh. i. 826 ; Sil.

It. Frin. viii. 513 ; Serv. Verg. A. x. 350, xii. 366 ; [Plutarch],

Defiuv. 14. 5).

89

CALLIMACHUS

7)8' IttI vrjcrdcov iriprj gkottos evpcidcov

rjcrro Koprj Savfjuavros iiratâaa Mlfxavrt.

€vd* ol fJLev TToXieacTLV oaais eVeâAAero Ar^rdi

fxifxvov OLTreLXrjrrjpes, direrpajiroiv Se Sex^Gdai.

<f)€vy€ puev ÂpKaSiT), êvyev S' opos Upov Avyrj^ 70

HapOevLov, (j)€vy€V 8' o yipcov fjueroTnade êveiog.^

(f)€vy€ S' oXt] UeXoTTTjls oar] TrapaKeKXirai ^laOfjuw,

€pi7rXrjv AlyiaXov re kol "Apyeos' ov yap eKeivas

drpaTTLTOvg iTrdrrjacVy iirel Xdx^v "Ivaxov "Uprj.

(f>€vy6 /cat ÂovLt] tov eva hp6p,ov, at 8' i(f)€7TOVTO 75

7^ AupKr] re lurpo<j)Lr] re ix€Xaix^ri<f)Lôs exovaat'^'^'

lGfJL7]vov X^P^ Trarpos, 6 8* etTrero iroXXov OTnaOev

ÂacoTTOs âpvyovvos, eVet TrendXaKro Kepavvcv.

7)8' VTToSivrjOeLora x^pov dTTeiravGaro vvp.(f>ri

^M^4^^\\ avroxdoiv MeAt?^ /cat vrroxXoov ecr^ê Trapecrjv 80

'qXiKO? dorOpLaivovcra nepl Spuo?, cu? t8€ ;âtT7yv

a€Lopb€V7]v 'EAt/ccDiôs". €ftat êat, etTrare Moucrat,

T^ p" ireov eyivovro rore Spves rjviKa Nu/xât;

NvyLtât /xev ;(;at/30i;(7tv, ore Spvas opL^pos de^ct,

^VfjLcfyaL 8' au KXaiovaiv, ore Spvcrlv ovKeri (j)vXXa. 85

rats' /xev er' 'AttoAAcuv vttokoXttios alvd xoXcodr],

^ ^€V€l6s Arnaldus ; êvai6s.

« Iris (Stat. Th. x. 123).* Mimas, mountain in Ionia opposite to Chios." Auge, daughter of Aleos, king of Tegea. Her father,

warned by an oracle that his sons would perish by adescendant of his daughter, made her a priestess to Athena.She became, however, mother of Telephus by Heracles andgave birth to her son on the hill Parthenium in Arcadia(Diodor. iv. 33. 7 ff.). Cf. Pans. Viii. 48. 7, who says at

Tegea Eileithyia was worshipped as A^'y?? iv yovaat becauseAuge bare her son there. But he mentions another storywhich said Telephus was exposed on Parthenium.

** The autochthonous founder of Pheneos, town in

Arcadia (Paus. viii. 14. 4).

90

HYMN IV

other kept watch over the far-flung islands, eventhe daughter " of Thaumas seated on Mimas/ whithershe had sped. There they sat and threatened all

the cities which Leto approached and preventedthem from receiving her. Fled Arcadia, fled Auge's <-'

holy hill Parthenium, fled after her aged Pheneius/fled all the land of Pelops that lies beside the

Isthmus, save only Aegialos ® and Argos. For onthose ways she set not her feet, since Inachus-^

belonged unto Hera. Fled, too, Aonia^' on the

same course, and Dirce ^ and Strophia,* holding the

hands of their sire, dark-pebbled Ismenus-?; far behindfollowed Asopus,^ heavy-kneed, for he was marredby a thunderbolt. And the earth-born nymphMelia ^ wheeled about thereat and ceased from the

dance and her cheek paled as she panted for hercoeval oak, when she saw the locks of Helicontremble. Goddesses mine, ye Muses, say did the

oaks come into being at the same time as the

Nymphs .f^ The nymphs rejoice when the rain

makes the oaks to grow ; and again the Nymphsweep when there are no longer leaves upon the

oaks. And Apollo, yet in his mother's womb, was« Aegialos sometimes denoted the whole district from

Sicyon to Buprasium (Steph. Byz. s.v.), i.e. Achaia (Paus.V. 1. 1, vii. 1. 1, Strabo 333), here more strictly the district ofSicyon (which was also called Aegiale, Paus. ii. 6. 5).

f Inachus, river in Argolis.3 Aonia=Boeotia.* Dirce, river at Thebes.* Strophia, unknown river of Boeotia.^ Ismenos, river of Boeotia.^ River in Boeotia.^ The Meliae or Ash-nymphs were of the same class as

the Dryads or Hamadryads. The Melia referred to herewas the sister of Ismenus. For the general idea cf. Stat.

Silv. i. 3. 59 ff.

91

CALLIMACHUS

<j)deylaro 8* ovk dreXeGTOV aTretATJcra? eVt Q'qprj'

^.^^.^^ s<^*' ** Qi^^rj, TLTTre rdXaiva rov avruKa ttotôv eAeypêtS",*

ji- y^rff*^^' jxriTTO} fJLT] fx deKOVTa ptdêo fjuavreveodai.

OV7TCO fJLOL HvdoJVL /XcAct TpLTToS'^LOS eSpT]

,

^^

ovSd Tt 7TC0 redvrjKev 6(f)t£ jjueyas, dAA' ert K€lvo

drjpLOV alvoyiveiov diro YiXeiarolo KaOeprrov

HapvYjGov viôevra 7T€pLGre(j>€L evvia kvkXols'

dAA' €fjL7rrj9 ipeo) rt rojxcLrepov ri diro 8d(f>vr]^.

(j>€vye rrpoGco' rax^vog ore KiXT^cropLaL at/xart Xovaojv 95

TOôv ifjLov orv Se reKva KaKoyXcoGGoio yvvaiKos

eXXax^S. ov gv y e/xeto îX-r] rpoôs ovhe Ktât-

pojv

eGGerac evayiojv Se /cat €vay€€GGL fjLeXolfjLTjv.^^

COS" dp^ ^^V' A07T6L) 8e fxerdTpoTTOs avTis ixc^pci.

dAA' or' 'A;)âttdS€S' /xti^ d7T7]pvrjGavTO ttoXtjcs 100

ipXOfiev-qv, 'EAt/CTy re nocretSdcovos' iraipr]

Bovpd T€ Aeâfi€VOLO ôoGraGLS Ot/ctd8ao,

d0 S' eTTt SeGGaXlrjv iroSas erpeire, êvye 8*

"Aiâupos"

Acat fxeydXr) AdpLGa Kal at ^CLpojviSeg aKpai,

(fyevye 8e /cat HT^vetos" iXiGGOjxevos hid TefiTrecuv. 105

"Hpry, crot 8' ert tt^/xos" dvTyAees" t^to/) e/cctro

OT58e KareKXdGdrjs re /cat WKTiGag, 'qviKa rrriX'î'S

diJ,(f>OT€povs opeyovGa pLdrrfv icfidiyâro rota

" The dragon which occupied or watched Delphi andwhich Apollo slew ; cf. Hymn Apoll. 100 if. , Horn. HymnApoll. 282 ff.

* River at Delphi." The laurel of the Pythian priestess at Delphi.'^ Niobe, daughter of Tantalus and wife of Amphion of

Thebes, had twelve children—six sons and six daughters

—

who were slain by Apollo and Artemis because Niobe

92

HYMN IV

sore angered against them and he uttered against

Thebe no ineffectual threat :" Thebe, wherefore,

wretched one, dost thou ask the doom that shall bethine anon ? Force me not yet to prophesy against

my will. Not yet is the tripod seat at Pytho mycare ; not yet is the great serpent "^ dead, but still that

beast of awful jaws, creeping down from Pleistus,^

wreathes snowy Parnassus with his nine coils. Never-theless I will speak unto thee a word more clear thanshall be spoken from the laurel'' branch. Flee on!swiftly shall I overtake thee and wash mybow in blood.

Thou hast in thy keeping the children of a slanderous

woman.^ Not thou shalt be my dear nurse, norCithaeron.^ Pure am I and may I be the care of themthat are pure." So he spake. And Leto turnedand went back. But when the Achaean cities refused

her as she came—Helice,-^ the companion of Poseidon,

and Bura,^ the steading of Dexamenus, the son of

Oeceus—she turned her feet back to Thessaly.

And Anaurus fled and great Larisa and the cliffs

of Cheiron '' ; fled, too, Peneius, coiling throughTempe.

But thy heart, Hera, was even then still pitiless

and thou wert not broken down nor didst havecompassion, when she stretched forth both her arms

boasted of the number of her children as compared withLeto, who had but two.

« Cithaeron, mountain in Boeotia.•'' Helice, town in Achaia with temple of Poseidon

Heliconios (Pans. vii. 24. 5, Strabo 384, cf. Horn. II. xx. 404).

Helice was daughter of Selinus and by Ion mother of Bura(Paus. vii. 1. 2, vii. 25. 5).

3 Bura, town in Achaia, where Dexamenos a Centaur hadgreat cattle-stalls (schol.). In E.M. s.v. Bovaa he is called

^ Pelion in Thessaly, home of the Centaur Cheiron.

93

A. ^'V<

CALLIMACHUS

" ^vfjL(f)ai ©CCTO-aAtSes", TTorafjiov yevos, etTrare Trarpl

KOijuLTJcTaL jLteya )(€Vjxa' TrepiTrXeâGde yevelcp 110

XiGCJOfxevai ra Zt^vo? ev ^Sart reKva reKiaOai.

Y['r]V€i€ O^tcDra, ri vvv avi}Jboi(jiv €pit,€Ls;

(L Tvarepy ov firjv lttttov aiOXiov djuLcfyLê^rjKas.

"5 pa TOL cSS' alel rap^tiôt TToBes, t] ctt' €/xeto

fjLOVVOL €Xa<f)pLôvaL, TreTTOLrjcraL 8e Trireadai 115

GrijX€pov iâTTLvrjg;^^ 6 8' av')7/coos*. " c5 €/xov axOos,

7TOL a€ (f)€pco; fjLeXeoi yap aTreiprjKaGi revovres.

Y{r]Xiov cS îXvpTjs vvfjL(f)'qLov, dAAa ctu pteXvov,

pL€LVOv, eVet Acat drjpes iv ovpeort TroXXaKc aeXo

WLLOTOKOvs cuStvas" aTTrjpelcravro Aeatvat." 120

TT^v S' dpa Kal UrjveLos a/xetjScro SaKpva Xeiôiv

jjf#r>^''" AT^TOt, ÂvayKair] pLeydXr] Oeos. ov yap eyojye

TTOTVia ads (hSivas dvaivojxaC olSa Kal dXXasXovaa/jLevag dri* i/jLeiO Ae;\;a;tSas'" aAAa /xot "Hpy]

SaipiXes r)Tr€iXrj(j€V. dTravyaaai, olos eêhpos 125

ovpeog i^ virdrov gkottltjv ^X^^> ^^ ^^ M^ peta

^VGGoOev i^€pva€L€. TL fJiT]GOfJLaL ; ^ dTToXeGdai

r]Sv TL Toi Ylrjvetov; ltcx) ireTrpcjjpiivov rjpbap'

TXrjGopiai €iV€Ka g€lo Kal el pLeXXoLpa podojv

SnliaXerjv dpLTTOjrtv e;\;ajv alcjviov eppeiv 130

Kal puovos iv TTorapLOLGLV dripLoraros KaXeeGdai.

tjvlB* iyo)' TL vepLGad; /caAet piovov EtAi7ûtav."

etVre Kal 'qpdorjGe pueyav poov. dXXd ol "Aprjs

Mf.^

Hayyalov TrpodeXvpuva KaprjaTa pLeXXev delpag

ff'f*^ ipLâXeeLV SlvrjGLVy dTTOKpvipaL Se piedpa' 135

, " Among the daughters of Peneios are Iphis, Atrax,Tricea, Menippe, Daphne, and, according to some, Cyrene.

^ Cheiron was the son of the union of Cronus and Philyraon Mt. Pelion (Pind. P. iii. 1 f., ix. 30, etc.).

" The reference is to the helplessness and shapelessnessof the lion cub at birth. Cf. Aristotle, De gen. animal, iv. 6

94

HYMN IV

and spake in vain :" Ye nymphs of Thessaly, off-

spring of a river/ tell your sire to hush his great

stream. Entwine your hands about his beard andentreat him that the children of Zeus be born in his

waters. Phthiotian Peneius, why dost thou now vie

with the winds ? O sire, thou dost not bestride a

racing horse. Are thy feet always thus swift, or are

they swift only for me, and hast thou to-day beensuddenly made to fly.'*" But he heard her not.

" O burden mine, whither shall I carry thee ? Thehapless sinews of my feet are outworn. O Pelion,

bridal chamber of Philyra,^ do thou stay, O stay,

since on thy hills even the wild lionesses oftentimes . . •..

lay down their travail of untimely birth." '^ Then J

shedding tears, Peneius answered her : " Leto,^^^^^^^ '

Necessity is a great goddess. It is not I who refuse,

Lady, thy travail ; for I know of others who havewashed the soilure of birth in me—but Hera hathlargely threatened me. Behold wliat manner of

watcher keeps vigil on the mountain top, who wouldlightly drag me forth from the depths. What shall

1 devise ? Or is it a pleasant thing to thee that

Peneius should perish } Let my destined day take

its course. I will endure for thy sake, even if I

must wander evermore with ebbing flood and thirsty,

and alone be called of least honour among rivers.

Here am I ! What needeth more } Do thou but call

upon Eileithyia." He spake and stayed his great

stream. But Ares was about to lift the peaks of

Pangaeum^ from their base and huri them in his

eddying waters and hide his streams. And from on

TO. ixkv ddtdpdpojTa ax^^^v yevva, KaOdirep aXuTrrj^ ApKTOS X^wp.

The sense of a)/x6s is precisely that of crudus in Stat.

Th. iv. 280 " quercus laurique ferebant Cruda puerperia."'^ Mountain in Thrace.

95

CALLIMACHUS

vtfjoOe 8* ccr/xapctyTyae /cat aoiriha rvi/jev dKWKrj

hovparos' r^ S' iXeXiêv ivoTrXiov erpefxe 8' "Oaorqs

ovpea /cat ireSiOV Kpavvcoviov at re SvcraeX^

icrxoLTLal IltVSoto, (fio^cp 8' (LpXTJcroiro Trdcra

GeGaaXlr)' rolog yap 0,77' aamSos" e^pepiev^ VX^^' 140®***''

COS" S' 077Gt' Alrvaiov opeos TTVpl rvôpievoio

(jeiovrai pivx^ Trdvra /carouSatoto yiyavros

€19 ireprjv Bptaprjos iTTCopLlSa KLvvpuevoLO,

^*^ deppidoTpaL ^ T€ PpepbovGLV V(f)* 'Hâtcrroto TTvpdypiqs

epya 9* opuoVy heivov Se TTVpLKpLrjTOi, re Xep-qres 145

/cat rpLTToSes TTLTrrovres €77' aAATÂots" tapêucrt*

'^'*'''TTJpLog eyevr dpaôs crdKeos roaos €VkvkXolo.

tv^" IlrjveLos 8' ou/c aurts" ixdêro, puipive 8' opboiois

*j. Kaprepos d)s rd Trpcvra, Bods 8' iarijo-aTO Stvas,

elaoKe ol KotTyt? €K€kX€to " crdjêo x^^P^^> 150

IZ—- Gcpêo' pLTj crv y e/xeto Trddrjs /ca/cov etve/ca r-ô-Se

avr' iXerjpiOOVV.rjs, ;!âptTps' 8€ rot €CjGeT a/itot^T^."

7^ /cat TToAAa Trdpotdev inel Kdp,€v eomx^ vqaovs

clvaXias' at 8' ou /xti^ iTrepxopLevrjv iSexovro,

ov XiTTapdv vriecrcjiv 'E;!^tm8€S' oppLov exovaac, 155

o?)8' 'jjrts" K.€pKvpa <j)LXo^€Lvcx}rdT7] ctAAcov,

'Îpt? eVet Trdarjcnv e<^' vi/jtjXolo Mt/xavros"

aTrepxopLevrj pudXa noXXov direrpanev at 8* vtt'

o/xo/cA^S"

TTavarvSiTj ôêovro Kara poov rfvrLva reV/xot.

^ fpp€/x€v e ; ^^pafxev A ; ^^paxev other mss.^ depfidarpai Hesychius ; depfiaOaTpai.

« C/. Frazer, (9.J5.3, ^<iowwr, ^«wf, O^m*, i. p. 197 : "Thepeople of Timor, in the East Indies, think that the earthrests on the shoulder of a mighty giant, and that when he is

weary of bearing it on one shoulder he shifts it to the otherand so causes the ground to quake." Ibid. p. 200: "The

96

HYMN IV

high he made a din as of thunder and smote his

shield with the point of his spear^ and it rang with a

warUke noise. And the hills of Ossa trembled andthe plain of Crannon^ and the windswept skirts of

Pindus^ and all Thessaly danced for fear : suchechoing din rang from his shield. And even as

when the mount of Aetna smoulders with fire and all

its secret depths are shaken as the giant under earth,

even Briares, shifts to his other shoulder/ and withthe tongs of Hephaestus roar furnaces and handi-

work withal ; and firewrought basins and tripods ring

terribly as they fall one upon the other : such in

that hour was the rattle of the fair-rounded shield.

But Peneius retired not back, but abode his ground,

steadfast even as before, and stayed his swift eddyingstreams, until the daughter ^ of Coeiis called to him

:

"Save thyself, farewell! save thyself; do not for mysake suffer evil for this thy compassion ; thy favour

shall be rewarded."

So she spake and after much toil came unto the

isles of the sea. But they received her not whenshe came—not the Echinades*' with their smoothanchorage for ships, nor Cercyra which is of all other

islands most hospitable ; since Iris on lofty Mimas'* waswroth with them all and utterly prevented 'them.

And at her rebuke they fled all together, every onethat she came to, along the waters. Then she came

Tongans think that the earth is supported on the prostrate

form of the god Moooi. When he is tired of lying in oneposture, he tries to turn himself about, and that causes anearthquake."

* Leto, daughter of Coeiis and Phoebe.<= At the mouth of the Achelous.^ " Windy Mimas," Od. iii. 172. Mountain in Erythraea

opposite Chios.

H 97

CALLIMACHUS

chyvyLTjv SjJTTeLTa Kowv, MepoTrrjuSa vrjaov, 160

iK€TOy XaXKLOTT-qg Upov jJLVXOV rjpcx)Lvr]s.

aAAa € naiSos epvKev eiros t6^€ ''firj av ye, ^J^rjrepy

rfj jLt€ re/cotS". ovr* ovv €TniJbepi(j)Oixai ovhe /xeyat/jw

vrjaov, €77€t XiTTaprj re /cat evôros, el vv tls oAXt]-

aAAct ot eV MoLpiiov ns 6<j>€i\6ix€Vog deos dXXos 1G5

i(TTL, TiacoTrjpajv vnarov yevos' w vtto p,LTprjv

tferat ovk deKovaa MaKrjSovL KOLpaveeadau

d/jL(j)OT€p7] pueaoyeia /cat at TTeXdyeaai Kadr^vrai,

fjuexpi'S 07T0V TTepdrr] re /cat oTnrodev ci/cees" lttttol

'HeAtov (jiopeovGiv 6 8' etcrerat -^'êa irarpos. 170

/cat vu TTOTC ûvos- Tts- eAeucrerat a/XjLttv aeÂos"

varepov, ottttot* dv ol jjiev icf)^ 'EAATyveo-at /i,a;ât-

pav

âppapLKTjv /cat KeArov avaCTTTjaavrcs' "Aprja

oi/jlyovoL Tirrjves d^' iarrepov iaxoiToajvTOS

paxjcovraL vi(j>dh€GGLV ioLKores 'q iGdpidjJiOL 175

reipeariv, rjVLKa irXeLara /car' 'qepa ôvKoXeovrai,

(jypovpia /cat [/ccD/xat AoKpojv /cat AeA^tSc? a/cpatj

/cat TreSta Kptaaata /cat ')57ret/30t[o âpayycs-]-^

djJb^LTrepLareiVCDvraL, lSojgl Se Trtova Karrvov^

yeirovos aWopLevoio, /cat ovk€tl [jlovvov dKov^, 180

^ The best mss. and the Aldine (1513) have only (ppovpia,

Kal (177) and /cat TreSt'a Kpto-o-ata /cat ijireipoL (178). The wordsin brackets are a worthless attempt to supply the lacunaeand are found only in the late and inferior mss. (Schneider's

LMNO).2 Kapirbv MSS. ; corr. Reiske,

" King of Cos (Steph. Byz. s.vv. Kws and Mepo\^).* Daughter of Euryplos, king of Cos, mother of Thessalos

by Heracles (Apollod. ii. 7. 8)." Ptolemy II. Philadelphus, son of Ptolemy I. Soter and

Berenice, was born in Cos in 310/9 b.c. T1^ date of the

98

I

HYMN IV

unto primeval Cos^ the isle of Merops/ the holy

retreat of the heroine Chalciope,^ but the word of

her son restrained her :" Bear me not^ mother^ here.

I blame not the island nor have any grudge^ since a

bright isle it is and rich in pasture as any other.

But there is due to her from the Fates another god/the most high lineage of the Saviours <^ ; beneathwhose crown shall come—not loth to be ruled by a

Macedonian—both continents and the lands which JtZM\are set in the sea, far as where the/end of the earth /'^^îs and again whence his swift horses carry the sun. v^'^*'^'^^

And he shall know the ways of his sire. "/U- cAt

Yea and one day hereafter there shall come upon A{?-r \\!t

us a common struggle, when the Titans of a later day Âk '

shall rouse up against the Hellenes barbarian sword P^ând Celtic war/ and from the furthest West rush on 4r^ ^

»

like snowflakes and in number as the stars whenthey flock most thickly in the sky ; forts too [and

villages of the Locrians and Delphian heights]-^ andCrisaean plains and [glens of the mainland] bethronged about and around, and shall behold the

rich smoke of their burning neighbour, and no longer

birth of Philadelphus is now settled by the discovery of anew fragment of the Marmor Parium {A then. Mitth. xxii.

[1897]) which has : apxovTos Âdrjvrjai. 'lepo/j.vrifxovos (310/9 B.C.)

IlToXefxaiov 6 vibs iv Kwt iyevero. Cf. Theoerit. xvii. 58 if.

^ Soter, or Saviour, a title of the Ptolemies.^ From 300 b.c. there was a great southward movement

of the Celts from the Balkan peninsula. In 280/279 theyinvaded Greece, where they attacked Delphi, but weremiraculously routed by Apollo. It was shortly after this

that a body of them settled in the district of Asia after-

wards known as Galatia {circ. 240 b.c).f The readings here translated are an attempt in the

inferior mss. to supply the lacunae. They have no intrinsic

value.

99

CALLIMACHUS

aAA' '^St] irapa vrfov aTravydtôivro âXayyas ^

SvafJL€veajv y tJSt] Se irapa rpirroheaaiv ifxelo

^dayava /cat ^coarijpas dvatSeag ixOo/Jievas t€

acrmSas", at raAariât KaKrjv 686v d^povi (j)vXa)

arriaovrai' rdcov al fxev ijJLol yipas, at S' CTrt NetAoj 185

€V TTVpi TOV£ ôpeovTa£ OLTTOTTvevcjavTa? ISovaai

Keiaovrai âcriXrjos dedXia vroAAa Kapiovros.

cCTcro/xeve riroAe/xate, ra rot pbavT-qta âiv(x).

t<y.(^ J'*<*'^ atViJo-ets" /xeya 817 rt rov etcreVt yacrrept pidvTLV

^rt^^, varepov TJfxara Trdvra. av 8e ^v^dXXeo, pirjrep' 190

'- eart SieiSofjuevr] ng iv vBan v^cros apai'q,

TrXaôfxevT] TTeXdyeorcrr TroSes Se ol ovx eVt x^p>

,dAAa TTaXippoiT) eTrivrix^'Tai dvdipiKos cos",

kt^'' 'ivda voTOs, eV^' evpos, 07717 cftoperjcn OdXaacra.

ZXt " rrj fji€ (j)ipoLS' KelvTjv yap iXevaeai ets" ideXovaav.^^ I95

at /xev Tocro-a Aeyovros- dnerpexov elv dXl vrjaor

'AcrreptTy (juXopLoXire, cru 8' l^vôirjde Kar-êcs,

Kf/cAaSas" oijjop.ev'q Trepiiqyeas , ov tl TToXaioVy

aAA' ert rot pLeroinade Tepalcrnov eiTrero (f)VKos'

200

. Âeâs" €7r€t TrepiKaUo "fTTvpi,^

rXripiov* VTT* (I)8iV€GGi Papwopiev-qv opocoaa'" "HpTy, rovro fJL€ peôv 6 rot (j)LXov ov yap aTretAds-

Vfierepas i(f>vXaâ' rrepa, Trepa els ipue Ai^rot."

^ (fxiXayyes Mss, ; corr. Bentley.^ The better mss. leave a vacant space for line 200 and of

line 201 have only 0X^âs iirel irepLKaieo irvpi (KrjpL emend.Bentley). Only the late and inferior mss. (Schneider's

LMNO) supply kcrrrjs 8' h fiiaa-rjac KaroiKTelpaaa 8i Atjtoj|<pvKos

dTrav /fare0Xeâs, or similar words ; a very bad attempt to fill

the lacuna. Some verb of speaking seems necessary.

« In the course of the revolt of Magas of Cyrene PtolemyPhiladelphus had enrolled a body of Gallic mercenaries.

100

HYMN IV

by hearsay only ; but already beside the templebehold the ranks of the foemen, and already besidemy tripods the swords and cruel belts and hateful

shields, which shall cause an evil journey to thefoolish tribe of the Galatians. Of these shields

some shall be my guerdon ; others, when they haveseen the wearers perish amid fire, shall be set bythe banks of Nile * to be the prizes of a king wholaboured much. O Ptolemy who art to be, these

prophecies I declare for thee. Greatly shalt thoupraise in all the days to be him that prophesiedwhile yet in his mother's womb. But mark thou,

mother : there is to be seen in the water a tiny

island, wandering over the seas. Her feet abide notin one place, but on the tide she swims even as a stalk

of asphodel, where the South wind or the East windblows, whithersoever the sea carries her. Thither dothou carry me. For she shall welcome thy coming."

When he had spoken thus much, the other islands

in the sea ran away. But thou, Asteria, lover of

song, didst come down from Euboea to visit theround Cyclades—not long ago, but still behind theetrailed the sea-weed of Geraestus . . . since thyheart ^ was kindled, seeing the unhappy lady in the

grievous pangs of birth :" Hera, do to me what thou

wilt. For I heed jiot thy threats. Cross, cross

over, Leto, unto me."They became rebellious and attempted to make themselvesraiasters of Egypt. Ptolemy enticed them into a desertisland formed by the branches of the Nile, where he left

them to die by famine and mutual slaughter (Paus. i. 7. 2).

See Bouche - Leelercq, Histoire, des Lagides, i. p. 167

;

Mahaffy, The Empire of the Ptolemies, p. 124 ff. The dateof the revolt of Magas is round about 278 bc, and thusabout the same date as the Gallic attack on Delphi.

* Translating Krjpi.

101

CALLIMACHUS

€VV€7T€S' Tj 8' dp r̂ TOV ^ (xAt^S" OLTTeTTavcraTO Xvyprjs, 205

e^€TO 8' 'IVCOTTOLO TTapOL pOOV , OVT€ ^ddlUTOV

yaia tot iâvlrjcnv, ot€ ttXtÔoptl peidpco

NetAo? OLTTO Kprjfxvolo KaT€px€Tai AWlotttjos'

XvaaTO Se â)vr)v, oltto S' iKXiOr] epLTraXiv w/jlols

(fiOLVLKOS ttotI TTpepLVOV dpLTjXOLVi'yjS VTTO Xvypijs 210

TeLpo/Jueur)' votlos Se Sta ;\;poos' eppeev ISpcog.

€6776 8* aXvadpiaivgvoa " tl ixrjTepa, Kovpe, papvveis;

avTTj Toiy (/)lX€, vrJGos eTTLTrXcoovcya daXdaar].

yeiveOy yeliêo, Kovp€, /cat tJttlos eîOi koXttov^

vvfxâ Atos" âpvOvpLE, av 8' ovk dp" e/xeAAcs" dirvaTog 215

817^ €fji€vaL' TOLT] G€ TTpoGeSpafJuev dyyeXiojTLS,

cine 8' eV dadfJiaLvovaa, (f)6â)8' dvepbioyeTO fivOos,

*' ''H/)T7 TLpbrjeaaa, ttoXv Trpov)(ovaa Oedcov

arj /jLev iyw, act 8e rrdvTa, av 8e Kpeiovua Kddrjaai

yvr]crLrj OvXvpLTTOio, Kal ov êpa 8et8t/xev dXXrjv 220

dr]XvT€pr]v, (jv 8', dvaaaa, top aiTLOv etaeai opyrjs.

ArjTCO TOL pLLTpriV dvaXv€Tai €v8o9l VT](J0V.

dXXai jX€V irdaai pnv aTreaTvyov ovS^ iSexovTO'

^ \-^l^^ *AaT€pLr] 8' dvojxaoTl TrapepxofjLevrjv eKdXeoorev,

ÂaTepLTj, TTOVTOio KaKov crdpov ' otada /cat avTij. 225

aAAa, (f)LX7], SvvaaaL ydp, d/jLVveuv, iroTvia, ôvXois

v/xerepots", ol uelo neSov Trareoucrtv i(f)eTfJifj.^^

rj /cat VTTO ;!^pucretov iSeOXiov tê kvojv a)S,

^[^ J ÂpTefjiiSog TfTLS T€, dorjg ot€ TravoeTai dypiqg,

. , - tiêi 6iqpiqT€ipa Trap* tîêcrtv, ovaTa 8' avTrjs 230

.^^^_aj dpdd fxdX , alev iTOLfxa Oerj? VTTohexdai ofioKX^qv

l«ft t^ ^3v ^^ t/ceA^y QavfjLavTog vtto Opovov tt,eTO Kovpr).

'^*, Kelvj] 8' ovhiTÔTe G(f)eT€prjs e7nXr]deTai eSpj]?,

''^ OUO OT€ OL ATjOaLOV €771 TTTEpOV VTTVO? epeiOTj,

^ dprjTOP Dilthey ; dprfrop.

« See note on Hymn iii. 171. * See note on Hymn ii. 4.

102

HYMN IV

So didst thou speak, and she gladly ceased fromher grievous wandering and sat by the stream of

Inopus,^ which the earth sends forth in deepest

flood at the season when the Nile comes down in

full torrent from the Aethiopian steep. And she

loosed her girdle and leaned back her shoulders

against the trunk of a palm-tree,^ oppressed bygrievous distress, and the sweat poured over her

flesh like rain. And she spake in her weakness

:

"Why, child, dost thou weigh down thy mother?There, dear child, is thine island floating on the sea.

Be born, be born, my child, and gently issue fromthe womb." O Spouse of Zeus, Lady of heavy anger,

thou wert not to be for long without tidings thereof

:

so swift a messenger hastened to thee. And, still

breathing heavily, she spake—and her speech wasmingled with fear :

" Honoured Hera, of goddesses

most excellent far, thine am I, all things are thine,

and thou sittest authentic queen of Olympus, andwe fear no other female hand ; and thou, O Queen,wilt know who is the cause of thine anger. Leto is

undoing her girdle within an island. All the others

spurned her and received her not ; but Asteria

called her by name as she was passing by—Asteria,

that e.vil scum of the sea : thou knowest it thyself.

But, dear Lady,—for thou canst—defend thy servants,

who tread the earth at thy behest."

So she spake and seated her beside the golden

throne, even as a hunting hound of Artemis, which,

when it hath ceased from the swift chase, sitteth byher feet, and its ears are erect, ever ready to receive

the call of the goddess. Like thereto the daughterof Thaumas sat beside the throne. And she never

forgetteth her seat, not even when sleep lays uponher his forgetful wing, but there by the edge of the

103

CALLIMACHUS

aAA' avTov fJieydXoLO ttotl yXoJX^ÔL Opovoio 235

rvrOov OLTTOKXivaora Kap'qara Xexptos evSec.

oifSe TTore t^cLvqv avaXTjerai ovhk Ta)(€Las

ivSpojilSas, pLTj ot Ti Koi al^vihiov €7tos €i7rrj

SeaTTOTLS. r) 8* dXeyeivov dXaarrjGacra TrpoarjvSa

"ouTCO vvv, S Zj7]v6s ovGiSeaj /cat yapbeoiuBe 240

Xddpca Kal TLKTOLT€ K€KpvfifJL€vay pLrjS^ odt, SetAat

SvGroK€€? fjLoyeovGLV dXerpiSes, aAA* oOi ^cu/cat

clvdXiaL TLKTOVGLVy €vl GTTiXdSeacnv epripLOis-

Âareplr] S* ovSev tl âpvvofxai etveKa rrjaSe

dfJLTrXaKirjs, ovS* eariv ottojs drroOvfjiia pe^co, 245

TOCTcra SeoL^' fidXa ydp re KaKcog ixoLpi-côrcLTO ArjTol'

dXXd fiiv €K7rayX6v tl cre^tô/xat, ovv€k €p.f.to

hipLViov ovK iTrdrrjae, Atos" S' dvdeiXero ttwtoi-'."

7) jjiev e(j)r]' kvkvol Se deov fJLeXrrovres docSol

yirjovLov IlaACTCoAot' eKVKXcoaavro XiTTOvres ^^^

i^SofjidKLs irepl A'Âot', iTrrjeiaav Sc Xox€ir]

M-Ovcrdajv opvtdes, doiSoraroL Trererjvcbv

evOev 6 TTOis roacrdaSe Xvprj eveSiâaro x^P^^^varepoVy ouadKi kvkvol iir* (I)Blv€gglv deLuav,

oySoov ovkIt deLuav, 6 S' eKdopev, at S' eVt fia-

Kpov 255

vvpb<j)aL ATÂtaSes", TTorafiov yivos dpxcuLOLo,

etirav 'EAetûtTys" lepov jxeXos, avTLKa S' aWrjp

XdXK€os dvT'^xV^^ SLaTTpVGLTjv oXoXvyqv,

ouS' 'HpT] vejJi€Grj(j€V, eTTel x^Xov iêXero "Zevs.

XpvGed rot rore irdvra ê/xet'Ata ycLvero, AijXe, 260

Xpvcr({> Se Tpoxo€Gaa Traviqp.epos eppee Xipuvq,

Xpvc^€Lov S' eKopnqoe yevedXiov epvos eAatrys",

Xpvao) Se irXripLVpe âdvs 'Ivcjttos iXLxOeis.

* 5^ ol Mss. ; 5^w Reiske.

104

HYMN IV

great throne with head a little bent aslant she sleeps.

Never does she unloose her girdle or her swift

hunting-boots lest her mistress give her some suddencommand. And Hera was grievously angered andspake to her :

" So now, O shameful creatures of

Zeus, may ye all wed in secret and bring forth in

darkness, not even where the poor mill-women bring

forth in difficult labour, but where the seals of the

sea bring forth, amid the desolate rocks. But against

Asteria am I no wise angered for this sin, nor can I

do to her so unkindly as I should—for very wronglyhas she done a favour to Leto. Howbeit I honourher exceedingly for that she did not desecrate mybed, but instead of Zeus preferred the sea."

She spake : and with music the swans,*^ the gods'

own minstrels, left Maeonian Pactolus and circled

seven times round Delos, and sang over the bed of

child-birth, the Muses' birds, most musical of all birds

that fly. Hence that child in after days strung the

lyre with just so many strings—seven strings, since

seven times the swans sang over the pangs of birth.

No eighth time sang they : ere that the child leapt

forth and the nymphs of Delos, offspring of anancient river, sang with far-sounding voice the holy

chant of Eileithyia, And straightway the brazen

sky echoed back the far-reaching chant and Heragrudged it not, because Zeus had taken away her

anger. In that hour, O Delos, all thy foundations

became of gold : with gold thy round lake ^ flowed all

day, and golden foliage thy natal olive-tree put forth

and with gold flowed coiled Inopus in deep flood.

" ApoU. Rhod. iv. 1300 f. 6're Koka vAovros iir' 6(f)p6(n

IlaKTwXoLO KVKVOL KivrjcruxTiu ebv fx^Xos.

^ See note on Hymn ii. 59.

105

CALLIMACHUS

avTT) 8e )(pv(T€OLo OLTT^ ovSeo^ €tAeo TratSa,

iv S* i^dXev koXttolglv, erros S* i(f)deyâo rolov 265

*' cS fJLeydXrj TToXvâjfie ttoXvtttoXl ttoXXcl (f)€povGa,

moves rjirecpoL re Kal at TrepivaUre vtjgol'

avry]^ iycj roLrjSe, Sva-qporog, aAA' avr* ifieXo

A'^Xlos ÂttoXXojv KeKXijaeraL, ovSe ris dXXr)

yaidcjv roGGovhe deep 7Te(f>LXrjG€raL dXXco, 270

ov lêpxvls Kpeiovri Yioaeihdojvi Ae;\;ata),^

ov irdyos ^Ytppueir^ KfAAi^vtos", ov Att Yiprjry),

(Ls iyoj ÂttoXXwvl' /cat ecrcropLai ovk€tl TrAayACTT^."

SSe ov fxev KareXeâs' 6 Se yXvKvv eoTraoe /xajov.

rcb Kal vrjodcov dyiojrdrr] eêVt Keivov 275

kXtj^T), 'ATrdAAa)^©? Kovporpocftos' ovhe cj' 'Evucb

02)8* ÂlStjs ov8* LTrTTOL eTTLOTeiôvoLV "Apr]og'

dXXd TOL a/x^terets" SeKarrjcfiopOL alev dirapx^l

TTejjLTTOvrai, Tracrat Be ^ppovg dvdyovoi TToXrjes,

at re irpos 'qourjv at 6^ eoirepov at r dvd fJLeaorjV 280

KXripovs eorrjoavro, Kal ot KaOvnepde ôpetr]?

OLKia Olvos exovai, TroXuxpovicorarov at/xa.

01 fxev roL KaXdfjLYjv re Kal lepd Spdypuara irpwroi

duTaxvcjJV (j)Opeovoiv ' d AcoScjvrjdi^ UeXaaryol

^ aVrrj Reiske. ^ Aexaiov Hemsterhuis.^ Auddjvrjdi marg. Taur. ; Acodwyrjde.

« i.e. Cenchreae, one of the harbours of Corinth ("bimarisCorinthi "), the other being Lechaeum.

* In Arcadia." The Hyperboreans, who suffered neither disease nor

age (Find. P. x. 41, 0. iii. 16 ; Hesiod fr. 209 ; Herod, iv.

32 ; Diodor. ii. 4T ; Strabo 341 ; Piin. N.H. iv. 89, vi. 34and 55 ; Mela i. 12 f., iii. 36). There is a useful recentdiscussion by Otto Schroeder in Archiv f. Religionswissen-

schaft, viii. (1904-5) p. 69 ff. The meaning of the name is

much disputed. Pindar, 0. iii. 55, takes it to mean "thepeople behind Boreas," the north wind. Modern sugges-

106

HYMN IV

And thou thyself didst take up the child fromthe golden earth and lay him in thy lap and thou

spakest saying :" O mighty and of many altars and

many cities^ bounteous Earth ! rich continents and yeislands set around lo ! I am as thou see'st—hard of

tillage;

yet from me shall Apollo be called ' of

Delos/ and none other among all lands shall be so

beloved by any other god : not Cerchnis * so loved

by Poseidon^ Lord of Lechaeum, not Cyllene's hill ^

by Hermes^ not Crete by Zeus^ as I by Apollo ; andI shall no more be a wandering isle." Thus didst

thou speak and the child drew the sweet breast.

Wherefore from that day thou art famed as the

most holy of islands, nurse of Apollo's youth. Onthee treads not Enyo nor Hades nor the horses of

Ares ; but every year tithes of first-fruits are sent to

thee : to thee all cities lead up choirs, both those

cities which have cast their lots toward the East andthose toward the West and those in the South, andthe peoples which have their homes above the

Northern shore, a very long-lived race.'' These ^

first bring thee cornstalks and holy sheaves of

corn -ears, which the Pelasgians of Dodona, whotions are virip + ^bpa, hill, " the people over the hills,"

or i.q. U€p(pepees, Herod, iv. 33, cf. Hesych. irepcpep^es'

dewpoL.

^ The version of Callimachus is that the offerings comefrom the Hyperboreans to Dodona, thence to Malls, then to

Euboea, then to Delos. Herodotus says the offerings camefrom the Hyperboreans to Scythia, then from tribe to tribe

till they reached the head of the Adriatic, thence to Dodona,then to Mahs, to Carystus in Euboea, then to Andros, thento Tenos, and thence to Delos. Pausanias, i. 31. 2, says theHyperboreans gave them to the Arimaspi, they to the

Ilssedones,then the Scythians carried them to Sinope, then

they passed through Greece to Prasiae in Attica, and werethen carried by the Athenians to Delos.

107

CALLIMACHUS

« TTjXodev iKâtvovra^ ttoXv TTpcoTLGra Seôvrac, 285

"0/ yrjXexês depdirovres aGiyiqTOio Xeîqros'

*^" h€VT€pov 'lepov aarv /cat ovpea MtjXlSos atrjs"'^^"'

' ' epxovrai- Keidev he BiaTrXcoovcriv Âpdvrojv

€LS dyadov rreSiov ArjXdvriov' ovS^ en jxaKpos

6 ttXoos FiVÔLrjdev, iirel ceo yeiroves oppuoL. 290

TTpojrai TOL rdS^ eveiKav aTTO âvOcbv ÂpLpiadTTOJV

OvTTLS T€ Aoô) T€ Kal evalcov 'FiKaepyr],

Ovyaripes Bopeao, kol dpoeves ol ror^ dpiaroi

rjidecov ovS* ot ye TraXipLTreres ot/caS' lkovto,

evpLOLpOL S* eyevovTO, kol dKXees ovttot eKeZvoi. 295

rj TOL ArjXLdSes piev, or* evr]xy]9 vpievatos

TJOea Kovpdcjjv puoppLVGoerai, 'qXiKa ;\;atr7^^'

tCC|*|^> TrapOeviKois,^ Tvalhes Se 6epos to TrpcoTOV lovXojv

wt -i / apaeves rjideoLoriv dTrapôpievoi <j)OpeovGLV

.

>i>^c},t?Tr©|»»^» 'AcrTepLTj dvoeoraa, ae piev rrepi t dpL<f)L re vrjaoi 300

i^9f 't'lvKv'^^'^^^^ eTTOLijaavTO Kal cos" x^P^^ dpuc/ie^dXovTO'

J * ovTe (JLCOTTrjXrjv ovt dijjoôv ovXos edeipais

\!2ZJZ^ "YiGTTepos, aAA* alei ae KaTa^Xeirei dpL(f)L^67)TOV

.

*t'; ol piev VTTaeiSovorL vopiov Avklolo yepovTos,

6v TOL drro "RdvOoLO deoirpoTTos Tjyayev 'Q.X'qv' ^^^

at 8e 7to8l TrXriaoovGL ;\;optTtSe? doâXes ovhag.

St) TOTe Kal oTe^dvoLaL âpwerat Ipov dyaXpua

^ elaâivovra Meineke.^ TrapOeuLKois marg. e ; irapOevcKal.

" The famous Acvdc^vaiov xaX/cetoj' (Suid. s.v., Steph. Byz.s.v. AcodibvT], cf. Strabo, vii. fr. 3) is discussed by A. B. Cook,"The Gong at Dodona" in J.H.S. xxii. (1902) p. 5 fF., whothinks the various alhisions may be harmonized ifwe assumethat the original "gong" was the row of resonant tripodsround the sacred enclosure, and that later (say 4th centuryB.C.) these were replaced by a more elaborate gong consist-

ing of two pillars, on one of which was mounted the figure

of a boy holding a whip formed of three chains tipped

108

Ini*;!.^

II

HYMN IV

couch upon the ground, servants of the caldron *»

which is never silent—far first receive, as these

offerings enter their country from afar. Next theycome to the Holy town and mountains of the Malianland ; and thence they sail across to the goodlyLelantian plain ^ of the Abantes ; and then not longis the voyage from Euboea, since thy havens are nigh

thereto. The first to bring thee these offerings fromthe fair-haired Arimaspi ^ were Upis and Loxo andhappy Hecaerge, daughters of Boreas, and those whothen were the best of the young men. And theyreturned not home again, but a happy fate was theirs,

and they shall never be without their glory. Verily

the girls of Delos, when the sweet-sounding marriage

hymn affrights the maidens' quarters, bring offerings

of their maiden hair to the maidens, while the boysoffer to the young men the first harvest of the downupon their cheeks.

Asteria, island of incense, around and about thee

the isles have made a circle and set themselves aboutthee as a choir. Not silent art thou nor noiseless

when Hesperus of the curling locks looks down onthee, but ringing evermore with sound. The mensing the song of the old man of Lycia—the very songwhich the seer 01en<* brought thee from Xanthos :

the maidens of the choir beat with their feet the

steadfast ground. Then, too, is the holy image laden

with buttons which, when mov^ed by the wind, beat upona bronze Xe^rjs mounted upon the other pillar. Cf. Callim.

fr. 111. * In Boeotia." For the Arimaspi see Herod, iv. 13 ff.

^ Prehistoric poet from Lycia (Xanthos is a river in

Lycia) ; Herod, iv. 35 says he wrote the hymn sung at

Delphi in honour of the Hyperborean maidens. Cf. Paus.ix. 27. 2, Suid. s.v. 'nXrjy.

109

CALLIMACHUS

YLvTrpiSog dpxoL^'f]9 apiiqKoov, yjv ttotc Srjaevs

elaaro ovv iraiheGGiv, ore KpTJrrjdev dveTrXei.

ot xaXeiTOV fJLVKrjiJia Kal dyptov via (^vyovres 310

Uaatcfydrjg Kal yvafXTrrov eSos gkoXlov Xa^vplvdoVy

TTOTVia, GOV 7T€pl ÔJfJLOV iyeipOfJLeVOV KidapLG/jiOV

kvkXlov (hpx^GavTOy x^P^^ ^' rjyi^GaTO QrjGevs.

evdev dei^coovra OeajplSos Upd ôi^co

Ke/CpOTTtSat 7T€fJL7TOVGi, TOTTTJia VTjOS iK€ivr]s. 315

ÂGT€pL7j 7roXvâ>fjL€ 7ToXvXXiT€, TLS 84 G€ VaV-

rrjs

€fi7Topos AlyatOLO TrapijXvde vrfi OeovGr);

ovx ovro) fidydXoL pnv iTrnrveiovGiv d^rat,

XP^^^ ^* O'^'^^ Tdxi'fJTOv dy€L ttXoov, dXXd rd Xai^t)

(I)K€es €GT€iXavro Kal ov ttoXlv avrcs e^rfGaVy 320

TTplv fxeyav tj^ Geo ^co/xpj/ vtto irXiqyfJGLV iXiâu

prjGGOfievov Kal TTpipuvov dSa/crdcrat dyvov iXairjs

X^Xpag diroGrpiipavTas' d^7]XLds evpero vuixcjit]

Traiyvia Kovpitôvn Kal^

AttoXXcjvi yeXaGTvy.

LGTLr] CO VT^GCvv cuecTTte, X^^P^ P"^^ avrrjy 325

XOL^pOL 8* ÂttoXXojv re nTal rjv iXox^VGaro^ Arjro).

^ fiiyav ^ {fj) Mss. ;/xeydXt) Wilamowitz.

2 fjv eXoxevaaro mss. ; -^ i\. Stephanus ; i] acp' i\. Meineke ;

fj VeX. Schneider ; '^v iXoxeveao Wilamow.

« The Minotaur.* Pasiphae, daughter of Hehos, wife of Minos, king of

Crete.*= The ship in which Theseus carried to Crete the seven

maidens and seven boys as an offering to the Minotaur.

110

HYMN IV

with garlands^ the famous image of ancient Cypris,

whom of old Theseus with the youths estabhshedwhen he was sailing back from Crete. Havingescaped the cruel bellowing and the wild son<* of

Pasiphae ^ and the coiled habitation of the crookedlabyrinth, about thine altar, O lady, they raised the

music of the lute and danced the round dance, andTheseus led the choir. Hence the ever-living offer-

ings of the Pilgrim Ship '^ do the sons ^ of Cecrops

send to Phoebus, the gear of that vessel.

Asteria of many altars and many prayers, whatmerchant mariner of the Aegean passes by thee with

speeding ship ? Never do such mighty winds as that

blow upon him, but though need urges the swiftest

voyage that may be, yet they speedily furl their sails

and go not on board again, ere they have circled thy

great altar buffeted with blows and bitten the sacred

trunk of the olive, their hands tied behind their

backs." These things did the nymph of Delos devise

for sport and laughter to young Apollo.

O happy hearth of islands, hail to thyself! Hail

also to Apollo and to her/ whom Leto bare !

With the help of Ariadne, Theseus slew the monster (Plato,

Phaedo, 58 b).** The Athenians, who vowed that if Theseus came safely

home they would send a decopla every year to Delos(Plato, I.e.).

« " In Delos it was the custom to run round the altar ofApollo and to beat the altar and, their hands tied behindtheir backs, to take a bite from the olive-tree " (schol.).

/ Artemis,

HI

v.—EIS AOTTPA THE HAAAAAOS

"Ocrcrat Xajrpoxooi ras" IlaAAaSos" e^tre Tracrat,

e^tre* rdv lttttcov dpri (j^pvaaoojxevdv

rdv lepdv iaoLKOvaa, /cat a deos ^vtukos epneiv^'

(jovade vvv, cL âvOau, crovcrde lleAacrytaSes'.

ovTTOK ^Kdavaia pieydXixis dTTevLi/jaro Trdx^c? 5

TTplv Koviv iTTTTeidv iêXdoai Xayovojv,

ouS' o/ca hr] XvOpu) 7re7raAay/xeVa Trdvra îpoiaa

revxâ rcov dBiKOjv rjvO^ aTTO yr^yevicjjVy

aXXd TToXv TTpdnarov vcf)* dpfiaros avx^vas IvTrctiv

XvGap.€va TTayals eKXvaev 'O/ceavoJ 10

tSpo) Kal paddpayyas, ecfioiâaev he Trayevra

Trdvra ^âAtvoâycDV dcf)p6v drro aropidrcov.

o) It ^Kxaadhes, Kal pLrj puvpa pirjS^ dXa^duTpajs

{(TVpiyycDv dlo) SOoyyov vnaôincoy ^)

,

pbTj puvpa XiorpoxooL to, riaAAoot purjS* dXa^dcTTpco? 15

{ov yap ^Kdavaia xp^H'0,Ta /xetAcra ^tAet)

otaere pirjSe Kdronrpov' del KaXov opLpua ro r'qva?

ouS' oKa rdv "ISa ^ Opu^ ehiKatêv epiv,

ovr is opeixo-XKOv pueydXa deo? ovre * HipLovvrog

e^XeiJjev StVav es" SiacfyaLVopLevav 20

* ^pirei Mss. ^ vira^bvLov e ; vir' aôviwv Schneider.' "ISaj' MSS, ; corr. Bentley.

* ou5' . . . ov5^ MSS. ; corr. Meineke.

112

I

v.—ON THE BATH OF PALLAS

All ye that are companions of the Bath of Pallas,

come forth, come forth ! I heard but now the

snorting of the sacred steeds, and the goddess is

ready to go. Haste ye now, O fair-haired daughters

of Pelasgus, haste ! Never did Athena wash her

mighty arms before she drave the dust from the flanks

of her horses—not even when, her armour all defiled

with filth, she returned from the battle of the

lawless Giants ; but far first she loosed from the car

her horses' necks, and in the springs of Oceanuswashed the flecks of sweat and from their mouthsthat champed the bit cleansed the clotted foam.

O come, daughters of Achaea, and bring not

perfume nor alabasters (I hear the voice of the axle-

naves !) ; bring not, ye companions of the Bath, for

Pallas perfume nor alabasters ^ (for Athena loves not

mixed unguents), neither bring ye a mirror. Alwaysher face is fair, and, even when the Phrygian ^ judgedthe strife on Ida, the great goddess looked not into

orichalc " nor into the transparent eddy of Simois, nor

« i.e. vessels made of alabaster, used especially to holdperfumes, cf. N.T. Matt. xxvi. 7, Mark xiv. 3, Lukevii. 37; Theophrast. De odor. 41. * Paris.

." First mentioned Hesiod, Shield 122, Hom. H. Aphr. 9.

Already to Plato it is only a name (t6 vvv dpofia^d/xevov fiSuov

Critias 114 e, cf. schol. ApoII. Rh. iv. 973). Later it wasidentified with the mixture of copper and zinc which theRomans called aurichalcum, i.e. brass.

I 113

CALLIMACHUS

ovS* "Hpa' K^TT/ots" Se hiavyia xoXkov iXoXaa

TToXXoLKL rav avrav St? fJLeredrjKe KOfiav

d Se, 8is i$^KOvra SuaOpeâcra StauAcus*,

Ota Trap' Eupcora rot Aa/ceSat/xoi/tot

dcrrepes, ifXTrepajjiCos iverpiifjaro ^ Atra XapoXora ^ 25

Xpi'P'CLTa, rds ISuas €Kyova ûraAtas"

^cS KCtjpai, TO S* epevOos dveSpa/jLC, TrpcoLov otav

^^^. 'q poBov ^ (Jipdas KOKKos €X€L xpotav

.

TCJ KOI vvv dpaev ri^ /co/xtâre fxcjvov^ eXaiov,

w K^darwp, Jj /cat ;)(;pt€Tat ^Hpa/cAerys" 30

oto-ere /cat Kreva ol Trayxpvcreov, cos dno ;\;atTavwr^-j ->.

TTe^rjraL, XiTrapov apLaaapueva irXoKapiov.^«^.u. eîd* ÂOavaia- irdpa tol Karadvpnos t'Aa,

•<• TTapdevLKal pLeydXcov TratSes" 'A/ceo-roptSav^* "

(hddva, (f)ep€TaL Se /cat d Ato/xo^Seos" doTris, 35

COS" côs" Âpyeiojv rovro jraXaiorepov

^vpnqhris iSiSaê, relv Kexoipi'Crp'^vos Ipevs'

OS TTOKa PcoXevrov ^ yvovs evrt ot Odvarov

BdpLov iroipidtôvra (j)vyd reov Ipov dyaXpua

aj;Y€T' exoJv, K/oetov S' etV opos (pKLaaro- 40

Kpetov opos" ae Se, Sat/xov, diToppojyeaaLV edrjKev

iv TTerpais, ats vvv ovvopia naAAartSes".

e^t^' ^KBavaia Trepo-CTrroAt, xp^^^^'^V^vS

>

LTTTTWV /cat aaKeojv dSopueva Trardyo).

^ irpLxf/aro Mss. ; corr. Meineke.2 âXotaa EF. ^ ti Bergk ; re.

* Kofilâre Schneider, fiCovov Ernesti ; Kofiiaaare fxavvov.

5 *Ap€(rTopt5av Valckenaer. ^ ttotc /SouXeur^v Mgs.

« TibuU. i. 8. 23 " saepeque mutatas disposuisse comas."* Castor and Pollux, known as stars to Eurip. Hel. 138 ff.,

114

HYMN V

did Hera. But Cypris took the shining bronze andoften altered and again altered the same lock." ButPallaSj after running twice sixty double courses, evenas beside the Eurotas the Lacedaemonian Stars,^ tookand skilfully anointed her with simple unguents, the

birth of her own tree. And, O maidens, the red

blush arose on her, as the colour of the morning rose

or seed of pomegranate. Wherefore now also bring

ye only the manly olive oil, wherewith Castor andwherewith Heracles anoint themselves. And bring

her a comb all of gold, that she may comb her hair,

when she hath anointed her glossy tresses.

Come forth, Athena ! A company pleasing to

thy heart awaits thee, the maiden daughters of

Acestor's mighty sons." And therewithal, O Athena,is borne the shield of Diomedes, since this is the

Argive custom which in olden days Eumedes ^ taught

them : a priest who found favour with thee : whoon a time, when he knew that the people wereplotting and planning death for him, fled with thy

holy image and dwelt on the Creion hill—dwelt onthe hill of Creion and established thee, O goddess,

on the rugged rocks, whose name is now the Pallatid

rocks.

Come forth, Athena, Sacker of Cities, golden-

helmeted, who rejoicest in the din of horse and

etc. ; their identification with the constellation Gemini wascomparatively late.

" 'AKeaTopiddv has been unjustly suspected. It is quite

correct and is a mere etymological variant for 'ApeaTopLddu,

since aKiaa(Tdai = dp^aa(r6ai. See Hesych. s.vv.

^ " Once when the Heracleidae came against the Ores-tiadae, Eumedes, priest of Athena, was suspected by theArgives of wishing to betray the Palladium to the Hera-cleidae. Eumedes, being afraid, took the Palladium andcame to the hill called Creion " (schol.).

115

CALLIMACHUS

crafxepov vhpo<f)6poi {jltj jSctTrrerc

—

adfjucpov "Apyos 46

TTLVer OLTTO Kpavdv /XT^S' O-TTO TCD TTOrafJiOJ,^

udfxepov at ScoAat rds KaXTTiSa? ^ 's" ^vadSeiav

7) es" ÂfivfJLwvav otaere rav Aaiâo).

/cat yap St) )(pvGa) re /cat avdeauv vSara jxiâs

rjêl (f>opPaLOJV "Ivaxos i$ 6peo)v 50

rdddva to Aoerpov ayojv /caAw. aAAa, ITeAaayc,

^pdêo fiTj ovK ideXcov rdv âaiXeuav lStjs.

OS Kev iSrj yvjxvdv rdv IlaAAaSa rdv TroXiovxoVy

rtopyos i(Toifj€LraL rovro TravvardrLOV.

TTorvL Âdavaia rv^ fiev eîOu' p,eG(f)a S' iyco n 55

ratcrS' ipeco. puvdog 8* ovk ifxos, dXX irepcov.

TratScs", 'Aâvata vvp,<f)av filav ev rroKa Si^âis

TTOvXv n /cat Trepl Srj <j)[Xaro rdv irapdv,

fiardpa TeLpealao, /cat ovnoKa x^P^S" eyevro'

aAAa /cat dpxaiatv evr iirl SecrTnecov qq

"^ Vt K.opajv€Las ^ ets" *AXiaprov iXavvot

ImrcoSi BotcuTcDv epya hiep^ppîva,

71 ttI ¥sx>p(jjveias ,^ tva ol redvojpievov dXoo£

/cat pcofjLol TTorafjicp Kelvr iirl Ka>paAta>*

TToAAa/ct? d SaifjLOJv vlv ico iire^daaro hi(j)p(jj, 65

ouS' oapoL vvfJL(f)dv ouSe ;ôpocrracrtat

aSetat reXddeaKov, ok ov^ dyeXro Xa/9t/cAc6'

dAA' €Tt /cat TTîâv SdKpva ttoAA' epuevcv,

KaiTTep Âdavaia KaraOvfiLov eooav iraipav.

hiq TTO/ca * yap TriirXajv Xvaapueva rrepovas 70

1777760 e77t Kpdvo, *EAt/c6i>vt8t /caAct peoLGO,

Xwvro' jxeaa/jb^pLvd S' €t;\;' opos" davx^'CL'

^ tQ>V TTOTa/xQv MSS. ^ (Tl) MSS.^ There is much uncertainty about the text here. We

assume a very bold epanaphora. ^ wore mss.

116

HYMN V

shield. To-day, ye water-carriers, dip not yourpitchers—to-day, O x^rgos, drink ye from the foun-

tains and not from the river ; to-day, ye handmaidens,carry your pitchers to Physadeia," or Amymone,^daughter of Danaus. For, minghng his waters withgold and with flowers, Inachus will come from his

pastoral hills, bringing fair water for the Bath of

Athena. But beware, O Pelasgian, lest even un-

wittingly thou behold the Queen. Whoso shall

behold Pallas, Keeper of Cities, naked, shall look onArgos for this the last time. Lady Athena, do thoucome forth, and meanwhile I shall say somewhatunto these. The story is not mine but told byothers.

Maidens, one nymph of old in Thebes did Athenalove much, yea beyond all her companions, even the

mother of Teiresias, and was never apart from her.

' But when she drave her steeds towards ancient

Thespiae or towards Coroneia or to Haliartus, pass-

ing through the tilled fields of the Boeotians—or

toward Coroneia where her fragrant grove and altars

are set by the river Curalius—often did the goddess

set the nymph upon her car and there was no dalli-

ance of nymphs nor sweet ordering of dance, whereChariclo ^ did not lead.

Yet even her did many tears await in the after

days, albeit she was a comrade pleasing to the heart

of Athena. One day those twain undid the buckles

of their robes beside the fair-flowing Fountain of the

Horse on Helicon and bathed ; and noontide quiet

" Spring at Argos. Cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. "Aa^wris.* Spring at Argos. Cf. Apollod. ii. 1. 5, Strabo 368, Paus.

ii. 37, etc.

" Chariclo, wife of Eueres and mother of Teiresias.

117

CALLIMACHUS

a^KJiOTepaL Xwovro, /xecra/xjSptvat 8' ecrav Spat,

TToAAa 8' davxÔL ttjvo Karelx^v opog.

TetpeGias 8' eri fjicovog^ dfxd kvgIv dpri yeveia 75

rrepKaâjv lepov xd>pov dv€GTp€(f)€ro-

Siipdaa^ 8' aârov rt ttoti poov jjXvde Kpdvag,

gx^tXlos' ovk iOeXojv 8* etSe ra fjurj Oe/JLird'

rov 8e xoAcucra/AeVa Trep o/xcos" 7TpoGi(j)aa€v 'AOdva" rt? ere, rov 6(j>6aXpi(x>s ovKer dTroiao/jievoVy 80

cS Eu')7pet8a, ;;âAe7Tav o8oj/ dyaye Saifxajv;"

a /xev €(j)a, TraiSo? 8* o/x/xara vu^ eXaêv.^

iaraKr] ^ 8' d(f)doyyos, eKoXXacrav yap dvtat

ydivara /cat (jycavdv eax^v djxiqx'^via.

d vvjJLâ 8' ejSoacre " rt /xot rov Kcopov epeâg^ 85

TTOTVia; TOLavrai Saipioves icrre îXai;

ofipLard pLOL rco TraiSos dcfyelXeo. t€Kvov dXaare,

etSes Âdavalag Gr-^dea /cat Aayot'a?,

aAA* OVK deXiOV ndXiv oipeai. c5 e/xe 8etAai/,

(3 opoSy a> 'EAt/ccbv ovKeri /xot Trapire, 90

';5 pi€ydX dvr oXiywv irrpdâo' SopKag oAecrcras'

/cat TTpoKag ov TToXXds âea 77-at86s' exî^.^'

d /cat a/x' * dpL(f)orepaLorL (j)[Xov irepl TraXSa XaôZaapbdr-qp pLeu yoepdv olrov ^ drjSovlSojv

dy€ papv /cAatotcra, Oed o iXerjaev eraipav 95

/cat vtv 'Aâi'ata Trpos" to8* eXeêv eiros** 8ta yvvaiy /xera ndvra âXev TrdXiv ouoa 8t'

opyav

eliras ' iyd) 8* ou rot reKVOv eOiqK dAaoV.

ou yd/3 ^Kdavaia yXvKepov ireXei opLpbara Traihoiv

dpirdtêLV' Kpovtot 8' 658e XeyovTi v6p.oi' loo

1 fJ.OVVOS SISS.

2 Aa/3ei' Vindob. 318 ; ^âXev other mss.^ earcLKT) Buttmann ; eaTadrj (eaTadr)).

118

HYMN V

held all the hill. Those two were bathing and it

was the noontide hour and a great quiet held that

hill. Only Teiresiasj on whose cheek the down wasjust darkening, still ranged with his hounds the holy

place. And, athirst beyond telling, he came untothe flowing fountain, wretched man ! and unwillingly

saw that which is not lawful to be seen. And Athenawas angered, yet said to him :

'' What god, O son of

Everes, led thee on this grievous way } hence shalt

thou never more take back thine eyes !

"

She spake and night seized the eyes of the youth.

And he stood speechless ; for pain glued his kneesand helplessness stayed his voice. But the nymphcried :

" What hast thou done to my boy, lady } Is

such the friendship of you goddesses ? Thou hast

taken away the eyes of my son. Foolish child

!

thou hast seen the breast and body of Athena, butthe sun thou shalt not see again. O me unhappy !

O hill, O Helicon, where I may no more come, surely

a great price for little hast thou exacted. Losing a

few gazelles and deer, thou hast taken the eyes of

ni}^ child."

Therewith the mother clasped her beloved child

in both her arms and, wailing the heavy plaint of

the mournful nightingale, led him away. And the

gt)ddess Athena pitied her comrade and spake to her

and said :" Noble lady, take back all the words that

thou hast spoken in anger. It is not I that madethy child blind. For no sweet thing is it for Athenato snatch away the eyes of children. But the laws

of Cronus order thus : Whosoever shall behold any

4 a Kol (ifx Editor ; d (r,) fxeu.

^ oIktov Stephanus.

119

CALLIMACHUS

OS K€ riv* aOavdrcxiVy o/ca jLto) deos avros cAr^rat,

adp-qar), {JLLaOcb rovrov iêlv /xeyaAw.

Sta yvvaiy to jikv ov TraXivdyperov avdi yevoiro •

epyov eirel fjLOipdv c5S* iTrevrjoe^ Xiva,

dvLKa TO TrpaTov vlv iyîvao- vvv Se KOfiLêv, 105

(5 ^vrjpeiSa, TeXdos 6(f>eLX6ix€vov.

TToaaa puev a KaS/xT^ts" is voTepov epuTTVpa KavaeX,

TToaaa 8' 'Aptcrratos', tov puovov evxopievoL

TratSa, tov djSarav 'A/crato^'a, tv^Xov ISeadaL.

/cat TTJvos fJueydXag cnjvhpojxos ÂpTepuhos noeoGeiT' aAA* ou/c aurov o t€ Spofios at r' cV opeaoi

pvaevvTai ^vval ra/xos" e/cajSoAtat,

OTTTTOK ^ dv ovK eOiXcjv 776/0 t^T^ ;\;a/3t€vra Ao€r/)a

Satpuovos' dAA' aurat rov vrptv dvaKTa kvv€s

TOVTdKL heiTTvriaevvTL' Ta 8' vleos ooTea pidTrjp 115

Aeêtrat Spvpucjs TrdvTag iirepxopieva-

oXîGTav ipeei ere /cat euata>va yeveadai,

i^ opeojv dAaov 7rat8* VTToSeâpievav .^

c5 €Tdpa, TCJ pLTj TL pLLVvp€0' TwSe ydp dXXa

T€V xdpi-v €$ epiedev TroAAd pLevevvTi yepa. 120

pidvTiv inel OrjadJ vlv dotSt/xov iorcropLevoiatv,

rj /xeya rcD;^ dAAcov Siy tl TrepccrooTepov.

yvcoaeLTaL 8' opvix^S, os atcrtos" ot re rreTOVTai

TiXida /cat rroLCov ovk dyadal TTTepvyeg.

TToAAd 8e BotojTOtCTt deoTTpoTTa, TToAAd 8e Kd8/xa) 125

Xpy]<y€L, /cat fieydXcLs voTepa Aa^8a/ct8ats".

8a;ora) /cat /Lteya ^dKTpov, 6 ol iroSag is Seov dfet,

8ajcra> /cat ^lotco Tepfxa TToXvxpovtov

.

^ iwivr)(xe Spanheim, Bentley ; ixipevae. ^ oirtrbTav mss.^ atrobeâix^vav Meineke ; an absolute solecism, but

accepted by Wilamowitz and others.

« Autonoe.* Actaeon, son of Aristaeus and Autonoe, was torn to

120

HYMN V

of the immortals, when the god himself chooses not^at a heavy price shall he behold. Noble lady, the

thing that is done can no more be taken back ; since

thus the thread of the Fates span when thou didst

bear him at the first ; but now, O son of Everes,

take thou the issue which is due to thee. Howmany burnt offerings shall the daughter of Cadmus **

burn in the days to come ? how many Aristaeus ?

—

praying that they might see their only son, the youngActaeon,^ blind. And yet he shall be companionof the chase to great Artemis. But him neither the

chase nor comradeship in archery on the hills shall

save in that hour, when, albeit unwillingly, he shall

behold the beauteous bath of the goddess. Nay, his

own dogs shall then devour their former lord. Andhis mother shall gather the bones of her son, ranging

over all the thickets. Happiest of women shall she

call thee and of happy fate, for that thou didst

receive thy son home from the hills—blind. There-

forfi, O comrade, lament not ; for to this thy son

—

for thy sake—shall remain many other honours fromme. For I will make him a seer to be sung of menhereafter, yea, more excellent far than any other.

He shall know the birds — which is of goodomen among all the countless birds that fly andwhat birds are of ill-omened flight. Many oracles

shall he utter to the Boeotians and many untoCadmus, and to the mighty sons of Labdacus in later

days. Also will I give him a great staff which shall

guide his feet as he hath need, and I will give hima long term of life. And he only,'' when he dies,

pieces by his own dogs because he had seen Artemisbathing in Parthenius in the Gargaphian valley. Apollod.iii. 4. 4, Nonn. v. 287 ff., Ovid, Met. ill. 131 ff.

'^ Horn. Od. X. 494 f.

121

CALLIMACHUS

ât fxovoSy €VT€ 6dvr), TreTrvvfJuevos iv veKveaoL

(jtoLraaeZ, {JLeydXojL rijJLios *Ay€crtAa." 130

cjs â/xeVa Karivevae- to S' evreXes S k cttl v€V(7r) ^

HaAAas", irrel fJLCJva Zcu? to ye dvyarepcov

BcoK€v Âdavaia, TrarpcLua Trdvra îpeadai,

XcorpoxooL, [xdrrip S' ovns eriKre Qedv,

dAAa Atos" K0pv(j>d. Kopv(l>a Alos ovk iwiveveL 135

ijjevhea KKOvhk Atos" ijsevher ^ >ai <d> Ovydrrjp,

cpx^T* *A.6avaia vvv drpeKes' dXXd B€X€Gd€

rdv 9e6v, co Kcopai rajpyov ^ oorais /xeAerat,

crvv T €vayopia ovv t evypLaoru avv r' oXoXvyal^.

X^^P^ ^^d, KdSev 8' "Apyeog 'Iva;^tco. 140

;âtpe /cat iêXdotaa, /cat es" irdXiv avris iXdacrais

tTTTTCus", /cat AavacDi' KXdpov diravra ado).

^ ?7rt veTuarj Wilamowitz ; iiTLveOarj.

* lacuna supplied by the Editor,^ Twpyov Boissonade ; rCbpyos.

122

HYMN V

shall walk among the dead having understanding,

honoured of the great Leader of the Peoples.*"

So she spake and bowed her head ; and that

word is fulfilled over which Pallas bows ; since to

Athena only among his daughters hath Zeus grantedthat she should win all things that belong to hersire, O companions of the Bath, and no mother bare

that goddess, but the head of Zeus. The head of

Zeus bows not in falsehood, and in falsehood his

daughter hath no part.

Now comes Athena in very deed. O maidens,whose task it is, receive ye the goddess with pious

greeting and with prayer, and with the voice of

thanksgiving. Hail, goddess, and have thou Inachian

Argos in thy keeping ! Hail when thou drivest

forth thy steeds, and home again mayst thou drive

them with joy, and do thou preserve all the estate

of the Danaans.

" Hades. The title 'AyeaiXaos, which was used of Hades byAeschylus also (Athen. iii. 99 b), refers to his character as host

of the dead {ol woWol, oi irXeiopes) and is to be compared withhis titles lloXvd^y/uiUiv (Horn. H. Bern. 17,31, 430), lloXubiKT-qs

{ih. 9), UoXvarjfxdvTup {ib. 31), Uav8oK€vs (Lycophr. 655).

\'^

123

-.t ^^

,0#i

VI.—EIS AHMHTPA

TcD KoXadcx) KanovTog imcjideyâGde, yvvalKeg," Aa/xare/o fxeya X^^P^ 7ToXvTp6(f)€ TrouAu/xeSt/xve."

Tov KoXadov Kariovra xcÂât OaGeiade êâXoi^

fiTjS^ drro tCj riyeos fJirjS* vipodev avydaarjade

fjLT] Tralg {Jur^Se yvvd fxrjS^ d Acareêuaro ;\;atrav, 5

/XT^S* 6k^ d(f)* avaXeojv Grofjbdrojv TTTvajfJues diraoroi.

"YiGTrepos iK V6(f)€Cov iaKeiparo iraviKa veZrai,

"FiGTTepOS, OGT€ 7TL€LV Aa/XCtTepa fJLWVOS €7T€L<J€V,

dpTTayifias ok aTTVcrra /JLereariX^v lx^^'Ol Kcopas.

TTOTVia, TTCtJS ere Svvavro TrdSes* (j)epev ear* eTrl

hvdjjidg, 10

^(0 jp''i^- ecjT^ inl rcos" pLcXavas /cat OTra rd ;\;puo-€a pidXa;

ov Tries ovr dp* e8es" rrjvov xpdvov ovSe Xoiaaa.

rpls fiev Srj Steâ? *A;;êAc6toj^ dpyvpoSivav,

ToaadKL 8' devdojv TTorafiojv iTrepacras eKaarov,

^ Schol. Plato, Symp. 218 b koX el tls &\\os €<ttI jSt/Sr/Xos

re Kai &ypoLKOSi wvXas irafifieydXas rots (hcriv iiridea-de] ivrevdev

irapipSTjcre KaXX/ynaxos ev ijfivi^ At^/at^t/jos KaXddov t6 66pas 5'

iirideade ^^^r}\oi.

« KaridvTos might mean " comes home " but probably it is

safer to take it as "comes in procession." Cf. Kd6o8os

Herondas i. 56.* i.e. dedicated on arriving at puberty. Or "hath her

hair unbound," i.e. a maiden unwed. Cf. schol. ij.r]8' -^ns

dyafjios i<jTi. Scott, Heart of Midlothian chap. 22, says ofEffie Deans on her trial : " Her . . . tresses . . . M-^hich,

124

VI.—TO DEMETER

As the Basket comes, ^ greet it, ye women, saying" Demeter, greatly hail ! Lady of much bounty, of

many measures of corn." As the Basket comes, fromthe ground shall ye behold it, ye uninitiated, andgaze not from the roof or from aloft—child nor wife

nor maid that hath shed her hair^—neither thennor when we spit from parched mouths fasting."

Hesperus from the clouds marks the time of its

coming : Hesperus, who alone persuaded Demeterto drink, what time she pursujed the unknown tracks

of her stolen daughter. <^

Lady, how were thy feet able to carry thee untothe West, unto the black* men and where the

golden apples/ are ? Thou didst not drink nor

didst thou eat during that time nor didst thou wash.

Thrice didst thou cross Achelous with his silver

eddies, and as often didst thou pass over each of the

ever-flowing rivers, and thrice didst thou seat thee on

according to the custom of the country, unmarried womenwere not allowed to cover with any sort of cap, and which,alas ! Effie dared no longer confine with the spood or

riband which implied purity of maiden fame, now hungunbound."

'^ The second day of the Thesmophoria was a day offasting, Nesteia.

'^ Persephone. « The Aethiopians (schol.).

^ The garden of the Hesperides.

125

CALLIMACHUS

rpls S' CTTt K.aXXL)(^6pa) ^ ;â/xaSts' CAca^tcrcrao (f)pr]TL 15

avaraXia airoros re /cat 02) cfxiyeg ovSe Xoeaaa.

fjuTj fjuT) ravra Xeycofies d SaKpvov ayaye AtjoX'

KaXXiov, d)9 ttoXUgglv iaSora ^ redfjua Sco/ce*

V KaXXiov, d)s KaXdfjbav re /cat Upa Spdyfiara rrpdra

daraxvcov aTreKoipe /cat eV jSoa? rJK€ TTarfjaac, 20

dvLKa TpLTTToXe/jLOs dyaddv iSSdaKero rix^CLV

KdXXiov, (1)9, Iva KaL ris VTrepâaCas ^ dXerjraL,

7T Ihiudai^

ovTTO) rdv KvtStW, €Tt AwTLOV Ipov cvaiov

,

Tiv 8* ^ avra KaXov dXaog iTTOLijcravTO UeXaayol 25

SevSpecTLV d}X(j)iXa^(ES' Scd K€v pLoXis rjvdev oiaros'

^ ev TTLTvg, €V {jLeyaAai rrreAeai, eorav, ev be /cat op^vat,

^€ , iv he KaXd yXvKVfiaXa' to S' cocrr' dXeKrpivov vScap

i$ dfxapdv dveOve. Oed 8* eVe/xatVero X^PVoaorov '^XevaXvL, TpiOTTO) 9^^ ocrov, okkogov "Evva. 30

dAA' o/ca TpiOTrihaioLV 6 heîog dxdero Salficov,

TOvrdKis d x^^p^^ ^^pvmxdovos di/jaro ârXd-

aevar excov depdirovras cet/cocrt, Tvdvras ev d/c/xa,

Trdvras 8' dvhpoyiyavras oXav ttoXlv dpKios dpai,

dpitjyoTepov TreAe/cecrcrt /cat dîvaioLV OTrXicraas, 35

€? 86 TO ras" Adfiarpos dvaiSees eSpapLOV ctAcjos'.

.-. 'i^?'' 8e Ttj alyeipos, pieya SevSpeov aWept KVpov,

>) \. Tip 8' eVt rat vvpiât rrorl rcovhiov eipLocovro,

^ rph 8 iwl KaWi . . . only is preserved in A ; the lacunais supplied in F and late mss.

* TTToXiea-aiv ea . . . A ; lacuna supplied in F.^ virepâ . . . A ; lacuna supplied in F etc.* TT . . . A ; . . . ISiadai pd.* tIv 8' MSS. ; TcW Schneider.® Tpidirq} 0' LM ; Tpt.oTra8' Schneider ; Tpt6irai8' AF

;

Tpi67rg. 6' d.' ^s d : î'.

126

HYMN VI

the ground beside the fountain Calhchorus,* parchedand without drinking, and didst not eat nor wash.

Nay, nay, let us not speak of that which broughtthe tear to Deo ^

! Better to tell how she gave to

cities pleasing ordinances ; better to tell how she

was the first to cut straw and holy sheaves of corn-

ears and put in oxen to tread them, what timeTriptolemus ^ was taught the good craft ; better to

tell—a warning to men that they avoid transgression

—how [she made the son of Triopas hateful andpitiful] ^ to see.

Not yet in the land of Cnidus,^ but still in holy

Dotium-^ dwelt the Pelasgians and unto thyself

they made a fair grove abounding in trees ; hardly

would an arrow have passed through them. Thereinwas pine, and therein were mighty elms, and therein

were pear-trees, and therein were fair sweet-apples

;

and from the ditches gushed up water as it were of

amber. And the goddess loved the place to madness,even as Eleusis, as Triopum,^ as Enna.'^

But when their favouring fortune became wrothwith the Triopidae, then the worse counsel tookhold of Erysichthon.' He hastened with twentyattendants, all in their prime, all men-giants able to

lift a whole city, arming them both with double

axes and with hatchets, and they rushed shameless

into the grove of Demeter. Now there was a^poplar,

a great tree reaching to the sky, and thereby the

nymphs were wont to sport at noontide. This poplar

'^ Callichorus, well (4>peap) at Eleusis, Paus. i. 38. 6.

* Demeter." Son of Celeus, was taught agriculture by Demeter.^ The lacuna is supplied in LM : <fi-qKaTo Tpioiridrjv ix^phv

Kol oiKTpbvy. * In Caria, ^ In Thessaly.ff i.e. Triopium in Caria. ^ In Sicily. *Son of Triopas.

127

II

CALLIMACHUS

a TTpdra TrXayeZaa KaKov fieXos ta;\;ev d'AAat?.

aadero AafioLTrjp, on ol $vXov Upov dXyet, 40

€t7re 8e ;\;a>cra/xeVa *' rtV /xot KaXa SdvSpea Koirrei;"

avTLKa NiKLTTTTa, rdv ol TroAts" dpdreipav

SapLoaiav eorraoav, ieiaaro, yevro Se x^'-P^

orefJLfiara /cat fiaKajva, KarcjOfxaStav 8' e;)(;e /cAaSa.

â Se Trapaijivxoloa KaKOV kol dvaihea <f)WTa 45

^'rdKvov, OTLS rd deoXoLV dveifiiva SevSpea /coTrrets",

TEKVOV iXlVVGOVy TCKVOV TToXvdeOTTe TOK€V(n,

TTaveo /cat Oepdirovras drrorpeTre, pL-q n ;)âAe^^7j

TTOTVLa Aapbdrrjp, ra? tepov iKK€paL%eL9.^^

rdv 8' ap' VTTO^Xeâs ;âAe7rdSTe/90V 976 /cup'ayov 50

cjpeGiv iv TpâpioLoiv vtto^X€7T€l dvSpa Xiaiva

(hpLOTOKo?, rag (f)avrl iriXeiv ^Xocrvpajrarov o/x/xa,

*' âêu," €â," )Lt7^ rot TreXeKVV fxeyav iv XP^^ irdôj.

ravra 8* e/xov 9r]or€L or^yavov hopiov, w €vl Sairas

alev ip,OL9 irdpoiOLV dSrjv Ovpiapeag a^cD." 55

eiTTev 6 TTolsy NepêoLg 8e /ca/cav iypdiparo (jycovav.

AapLdrrjp 8' d(j)ar6v tl KoriGoaro,yeivaTO^ 8' a^ d€VS'

tdpuara /xev x^P^^> KeâXd hi oc dtpar 'OAu/xttco.

ol pL€V dp* r}jjiidvi]T€s, iirel rdv TTorviav elhov,

iâTTLvas diropovoav ivl Spvol ;\;aA/cov d(f)ivr€s' 60

a 8' aAAcos" /xev eaoev, dvayKaia ydp errovro

SeGTToriKdv vtto ;!êt/oa, âpvv 8' aTra/xetj/rar' dvaKra*' p'at vat, reu;)(eo Scofxa, kvov, kvoVj w €vl Sairas

^ yelvaro Mss.;yelvero Schneider. ^ a mss. ; a5 Bergk.

» " As priestess " (schol.).

^ Tmariis, mountain near Dodona in Epirus." For strict sense of u}/.lot6kos see note on Hymn iv. 120.

Here it is no more than tokols " with cubs " as in Eur. 3Ied.

187 TOKados depy/xa Xôutos.

^ Nemesis takes note of presumptuous acts and words,Plato, Laws 717 d. Nonn. Dion. i. 481 imitates Callimachus.

128

HYMN VI

was smitten first and cried a woeful cry to the others.

Demeter marked that her holy tree was in pain, andshe was angered and said :

" Who cuts down my fair

trees?" Straightway she likened her to Nicippe,

whom the city had appointed to be her public

priestess, and in her hand she grasped her fillets andher poppy, and from her shoulder hung her key.<*

And she spake to soothe the wicked and shameless

man and said :" My child, who cuttest down the

trees which are dedicated to the gods, stay, my child,

child of thy parents' many prayers, cease and turnback thine attendants, lest the lady Demeter beangered, whose holy place thou makest desolate.*'

But with a look more fierce than that wherewith a

lioness looks on the hunter on the hills of Tmarus ^

—a lioness with new-born cubs," whose eye they say

is of all most terrible—he said :" Give back, lest I

fix my great axe in thy flesh ! These trees shall

make my tight dwelling wherein evermore I shall

hold pleasing banquets enough for my companions."

So spake the youth and Nemesis ^ recorded his evil

speech. And Demeter was angered beyond telling

and put on her goddess shape. Her steps touchedthe earth, but her head reached unto Olympus.^'

And they, half-dead when they beheld the lady

goddess, rushed suddenly away, ' leaving the bronzeaxes in the trees. And she left the others alone

—

for they followed by constraint beneath their master's

hand—but she answered their angry king :" Yea,

yea, build thy house, dog, dog,^that thou art, wherein

^ From Horn. II. iv. 443 "E/jis oupav(^ iarrjpiê Kdpr) Kal

iirl xôvi âivcL. Cf.Yerg. A. iv. 177, x. 767, Nonn. xxix.

320.f Cf. Aitia iii. 1. 4.

K 129

CALLIMACHUS

TTOirjaclg' Oafjutval yap is vurepov elXaTnvai roi.

a fJLev TOGG* elnoLG ÊtpvalxOovi revx^ TTOvqpd. 65

yavTLKa ol pâAeTTOV re /cat aypiov e/AjSaAe \ijx6v

pi^Y^X-'^' aWcova Kparepov, fJLeydXa 8' iarpevyero vovaco.

t ^îri axirXiog, ouaa TrdoaiTO togojv e^^v Lfiepog avns.* , arwriTi PinTTn Trevnvm ni)/nnei^n. n ni.vnv clcnvCTCroV'

^.^^CiKari Satra ttcvovto, SvcoSeKa S' otvov d(f>VGGOv

kft^.^^

TOGGa AioyvvGOV yap a /cat Ad/juarpa ;)(aAeW€f 70

'* V' /cat yap ra Adpuarpi GWcvpyiGdrj Alovvgos.

,M^ y ovT€ viv €Ls epavojs ovre ^vvoeiirvLa TrefXTTOV

t\iH • alSopuevoL yovees,'^l£22C2'J^^

^' evpuGKero TraGa.

^2. rjvdov 'IrcuvtaSos' vtv AOavaias eV dedXa^

t'i-^ '0/3/xevtSat KaXeovres' avr' cSv dpvqGaro fxdTTjp 75

'' w. *'ou/c ev8ot, ;)(;^tôs' ya/3 CTrt Kpavvcova êj8a/ce"'^

reXOos aTTairrjGcov eKarov ôa?." •^t'ê HoAf^ctj,- lidrrjp ÂKTopicDvos, eTrel ydjJLOv dprve TratSt,

diJL(f)6r€pov TpiOTrav re /cat ftea /ct/cA7ô"/cotcra.

rav Se yuiâ papvdvjJLOs d/JLeLêro SdKpv x^^LGa 80

i«»—"^^ " yctrat rot TpLonas, *^pvGLX0ova 8' rjXaGe Kdrrpos

c' lltvooi/ ay €uay/c€tav, o o eyvea <pa6a /cetrat.

^T^^j., SetAata ^tAore/cve, rt S' ou/c itpevGao, fidrep

;

c haivvev elXairivav rts" *' ev dAAorptots" 'Epuo-t;\;â;y."

-—-/ ayero rtS" vvpicfiav " '^pvGLxdova Slgkos ervipev,^^ 85

ivypt' 7] €7reG eg lttttcov, i] ev KjupvLTroipLVi a/xtc/pet/

V Bf>^^ ivSofjLvxo? SrJTTetra y.7Tavdp,€pos elXaTTivaGrds

^-^(•^ rfGdie jjivpia Trdvra' /ca/ca 8' e^dXXero yaGrrjp

00^0^"^ cttet /xaAAov eSovTL, ra 8' eV pvdov oia daXdGGag

,.,c—=r-~- dXefJbdroJS dxdpiara Kareppeev elhara Trdvra. 90

^^^ e^-n CO? Se MtjLtayrt x^^^> ^^ deXicp eVt irXayyojv

^

^ dfiiOpei Ruhnken, Valckenaer ; dfxL- A, d/x' E, dpid/xei d

;

dn^Xyei F.

" Eponymous king of Ormenion in Thessaly.* So called from her cult at Itone in Thessaly.

130

HYMN VI

thou shalt hold festival ; for frequent banquets shall

be thine hereafter." So much she said and devised

evil things for Erysichthon. Straightway she sent

on him a cruel and evil hunger—a burning hungerand a strong—and he was tormented by a grievous

disease. Wretched man, as much as he ate, so muchdid he desire again. Twenty prepared the banquetfor him, and twelve drew wine. For whatsoeverthings vex Demeter, vex also Dionysus ; for Dionysusshares the anger of Demeter. His parents for shamesent him not to common feast or banquet, and all

manner of excuse was devised. The sons of

Ormenus ^ came to bid him to the games of Itonian

Athene.^ Then his mother refused the bidding

:

"He is not at home ; for yesterday he is gone untoCrannon to demand a debt of a hundred oxen."

Polyxo*' came, mother of Actorion—for she waspreparing a marriage for her child—inviting bothTriopas and his son. But the lady, heavy-hearted,

answered with tears :" Triopas will come, but

Erysichthon a boar wounded on Pindus of fair glens

and he hath lain abed for nine days." Poor child-

loving mother, what falsehood didst thou not tell ?

One was giving a feast: "Erysichthon is abroad."

One was bringing home a bride :" A quoit hath

struck Erysichthon," or " he hath had a fall from his

car," or "he is counting his flocks on Othrys.*^

"

Then he within the house, an all-day banqueter, ate

all things beyond reckoning. But his evil belly

leaped all the more as he ate, and all the eatables

poured, in vain and thanklessly, as it were into the

depths of the sea. And even as the snow uponMimas,* as a wax doll in the sun, yea, even more

<- Unknown. ** Mountain in Thessaly.« Hymn iv. 67 n,

131

CALLIMACHUS

Kal rovrcov en /xetôv irdKero jjueacf)* inl vevpds'

SctAatoj tv€S re Kal ocrrea fxcbvov eX€L(j)dev.

KXate fxev d fidrrjp, papv 8' earevov at 8u' dSeAât

X(i) fxaaros rov encove /cat at Se/ca TroAAa/ct ScDAat. 95

/cat 8' avTOS TpLoiras TroAtatS" itrl ')(€ipas e)8aAA€,

TO ta rov ovK diovra YioGeihdcova KoXiGrpecoy*' i/jevSoTrdrcop tSe rovSe reov rpirov, elirep iyoj piev

aev T€ /cat AioAtSos" Kavct/ca? yeVos", avrdp ifjuelo

TOVTO TO SctAatov yivero ^picjios' aWe yap avrov 100

" ^ pXrjTov v-n 'AttoAAco^'os' e/xat X^P^^ eKrepeLâv

J vvv he /ca/ca ôv^pcoaris iv 6<j>daXpio'iGL Kddiqrai.

*, , t) ot aTToaraaov ;\;aA€7rai^ vooov ')7e vtv avros

^6gk€ Xa^cov a/xat ya/) dTTeiprjKavTL rpdiretâi.

p^Tjpat /xev pLdvSpat, Keveal 8e /xot avXieg tJSt] 105

,/x T€T/3a7ro8ajv, T^Sry yap aTTapvrjGavro pidyeipoi.

dXXd /cat ovprjag pieyaXdv vveXvaav dpLo^dv,

Kal rdv Pwv ecfyayev, rdv 'Eorta eTp€(j)€ pLdrrjp,

Kal rov dedXoôpov Kal rov TroXepirjLOV Ittttov,

Kal rdv a'iXovpov, rdv erpepê Orjpla puKKa. 110

/xeo"^' o/ca pikv TpioTrao So/xots" eVt ;\;/37J/xaTa Kelro,

fjLcbvoL dp* oiKeloi ddXa/JLOL KaKov rjTTiaravro.

aAA' o/ca Toi^ âdvv olkov dveîqpavav^ oSovtcs",

^" /cat Td;\;' o tcD âGiXrjos ivl rpiohoiai KaOrjuro

alriôjv d/coAo)? t€ /cat e/c/SoAa Xvpâra Sauros. 115

^ ave^rjpavav Ernesti ; dve^Typati'OJ' mss.

« Canace, daughter of Aeolus and Enarete, mother byPoseidon of Triopas (Diod. v. 61, Apollod. i. 7, iii. 4).

.

.

* This rendering, which takes ôv^pcjarLs as abstract for v

,

\» concrete, seems better than " gluttony sits in his eyes." n

" The Greek fMayeipos is butcher as well as cook.'^ At libations and sacrifices the first and last oflFerings

were made to Hestia, the goddess of the family hearth.

132

HYMN VI

than these he wasted to the very sinews : onlysinews and bones had the poor man left. His motherwept, and greatly groaned his two sisters, and thebreast that suckled him and the ten handmaidensover and over. And Triopas himself laid hands onhis grey hairs, calling on Poseidon, who heeded not,

with such words as these :" False father, behold this

the third generation of thy sons—if I am son of theeand of Canace,<* daughter of Aeolus, and this hapless

child is mine. Would that he had been smitten byApollo and that my hands had buried him ! Butnow he sits an accursed glutton before mine eyes.^

Either do thou remove from him his cruel disease or

take and feed him thyself ; for my tables are already

exhausted. Desolate are my folds and empty mybyres of four-footed beasts ; for already the cooks '^

have said me " no."

But even the mules they loosed from the great

wains and he ate the heifer that his mother wasfeeding for Hestia ^ and the racing horse and the warcharger, and the cat at which the little vermintrem||led.

So long as there were stores in the house of

Triopas, only the chambers of the house were awareof the evil thing ^ but when his teeth dried up therich house, then the king's son sat at the crossways,*

begging for crusts and the cast out refuse of the

Hence the proverb d0' 'Eo-r^as &pxe<Tdai, which sometimesapproaches the sense of tjjv d(f)' lepds kivclv^ indicating a last

desperate move, or something thorough-going {cf. Germ,"von Hause aus." Plato, Euthyphr. 3 a, etc.).

* There seems to be a reference to the disposal of rubbishat the crossways, Aesch, Cho. 97 with schol., and offeringsmade to Hecate there, Aristoph. Plut. 594 with schol.

Harpocr. s.v. o^vdvixLa. It seems possible that Hecate's nameEucohne is a euphemism for Acoline (fi/coXos).

133

CALLIMACHUS

Adfiarep, fjurj rrjvos ejxiv (j)iXoSy os rot aTrexOrjSy

€17] fjurjh* ofjLoroLxog' ifJiol KaKoyelroves ix^poi.

aaare ^ TrapdevLKai, /cat i7n(f)deyâa6e reKoZaai" Aa/xare/D ybiya X^^P^ 7ToXvTp6(l)€ TTOvXvfieStfjLve.^^

XO)S CLi^ TOV KoXaOoV XcVKOrpiX^S L1T7TOL dyovTL 120

T€Gaap€s, aJs dpXv fieydXa deos evpvdvacraa

XevKov eap, XevKov Se depos /cat ;)(€tâ (f)epoLGa

'q$€i /cat (jiOivoTTCjpov^ 'irog S' els dXXo <j)vXaêl.

*^ COS" S* aTreSt'AcoTOt /cat dvd/jLTTVKes dcrrv TraTevjxes

,

j^krt. *\ COS" TTohas, COS" K€<j)aXds TravaTrrjpeas eô/xes atet. 125

COS" S* at^ XiKvoôpoL XP^^^ TrXia XtKva êpovri,

W9 dfJL€s Tov xp^^ôv aêtSea TraaalfMeada.

fjL€(j<f>a rd rds ttoXlos TTpyravrjia rdg dreXiarcDSy

rds 8e reXeacôpeas * ttotI rdv dcov dxpt'9 opLaprelv,

aiTLves €^7]KOvra KarcorepaL- at Se ^ jSapetat 130

Xdrts 'EAetûta retVet êpa ;)âTts' eV aAyet,

a>s dXis, d)s avrdv cKavov yovv raXat he Arjoj

Sojael rravT ejnjxeGra /cat cos" ttotI vaov LKCovrat.

;)âtpe 9ed /cat ravSe craco ttoXlv ev 6^ o/jlovolo.

ev r evjiTreXiay (f)epe 8' dypoOi vdcrrt/xa rrdvra' 135

êp^€ poag, êpe fidXa, êpe ardxw, oto-e depforfiov,

y^cA.***' <j>epê /cat elpdvav, Iv* os dpoae rrjvos dfidGT].^

^^ «A-** IXaSi fjLOL rpiXXiGTe fxeya Kpeioiaa, dedcov.

^'û't.^ <*^'*''^ F; om. AE.

Pjj!il3^"^

X'is a' Stephanus ; xOô-at.

"^^/^ ^ ws at Mss. ; corr. Meineke.^ ^y*** 4 T€\e<T<i)opia s MSS. ; corr. T. Bentley.

JfjJ^^ aT'Te MSS. ; corr. Ernesti.

i*^**^ ,«

d/Ltdo-T; Stephanus; dfida{(T)e(, mss., which may be right,

JLf^- cf. fr. incert. 16.

134

HYMN VI

feast. O Demeter, never may that man be myfriend who is hateful to thee, nor ever may he share

party-wall with me ; ill neighbours I abhor.

Sing, ye maidens, and ye mothers, say with them :

" Demeter, greatly hail ! Lady of much bounty, of

many measures of corn." And as the four white-

haired horses convey the Basket, so unto us will the

great goddess of wide dominion come bringing whitespring and white harvest and winter and autumn,and keep us to another year. And as unsandalled

and with hair unbound we walk the city, so shall wehave foot and head unharmed for ever. And as the

van-bearers bear vans ^ full of gold, so may we getgold unstinted. Far as the City Chambers let the

uninitiated follow, but the initiated even unto the

very shrine of the goddess—as many as are undersixty years. But those that are heavy ^ and she that

stretches her hand to Eileithyia and she that is in

pain—sufficient it is that they go so far as their

knees are able. And to them Deo shall give all

things to overflowing, even as if they came unto her

temple.

Hail, goddess, and save this people in harmonyand in prosperity, and in the fields bring us all

pleasant things ! Feed our kine, bring us flocks,

bring us the corn-ear, bring us 'harvest! and nurse

peace, that he who sows may also reap. Be gracious,

O thrice-prayed for, great Queen of goddesses !

« \LKva, skull-shaped baskets, used for offering first-fruits

to the gods {cf. Hesych. s.v. \e7Kua\ also for winnowingcorn and for cradles. Equivalent to Latin vannus, whenceour " van " and " fan."

^ ^apeta has the ambiguous sense of heavy with age(Soph. O.T. 17) or heavy with child—Lat, gravida.

]35

EmrPiVMMATA

Eetvos" Ârapveirris ris aveipero YiirraKov ovtoj

rov MvTiXrjvalov, TratSa rov ^YppdSiov^'

" drra yepov, Soto? ft€ KaXel ydfxos' rj fiia fiev S'^

vviJLcl)rj Kal TrXovTip /cat yevefj /car* ipue,

7)8* ireprj TTpoê^rjKe' ri XcLiov ; el S* dye crvp, fiOL 5

ôvXevcrov, Troreprjv els Vfievaiov ayco."

€LTTev' 6 8e GKLTTCova, yepovTiKov ottXov, delpas,

^^TjViSe, KeivoL croL irdv epeovaiv evos.^^

ol h^ dp* VTTO TrXrjyfjcrL dods êfi^cKag exovreg

eaTpe(f)ov evpelrj TratSe? evl rpioSa). 10

^^ Keivcjv epx€o/* ^tjgl, "/xer* t^vta." x^ H'^^ eTrearr)

TrXrjGiov olh^ eXeyov ^^ ttjv Kara aavrov eXa.^^

ravT diojv 6 êLVOs"i<f)eLGaro p,eiL,ovos olkov

Spdâadai, TralSajv KXr]86va ^ avvdefxevos,

^ 'TppaSiov Schneider ; 'Tppadiov.^ K\ri86yL Diog.

* In Mysia.* One of the Seven Wise Men." The pecuhar AeoHc form of patronymic in -ddios is

attested by the Greek grammarians (Bekker, Anecd. ii. 634,Cramer, Anecd. Ox. iv. 32(3, etc.), who mention that Pittacus

136

EPIGRAMS

I.

A stranger from Atarneus" thus asked Pittacus^

of Mytilene, the son of Hyrrhas ^ :" Reverend

Father, two marriages invite me. One lady is myequal in wealth and blood : the other is above mystation. Which is better ? Come advise me whetherof those I should lead to the altar."

So he spake : and Pittacus lifted up his staff, theold man's weapon, and said :

" Lo ! these yonder shall

tell thee all." Now these were boys who at a widecrossing were spinning their swift tops with blows of

the lash. " Follow their tracks/' saith he. And the

stranger stood by them : and they were saying

:

" Keep your own rank !^ " When the stranger heard

the words, he laid to heart the saying of the boys

and spared to grasp at the greater estate. Now,

was called Hyrrhadius as son of Hyrrhas. But it is verylikely that 'Tppadiov is right here.

^ The phrase rV /card aavrbv ^Xa = " drive your own line,"

or " path " was a proverb. Suidas s.v. , who gives not quite acorrect rendering (" Seem to be what you are "), says someattributed it to the Pythian oracle, some to Solon, some to

Chilon. It is hinted at by Aesch. Prom. v. 887 ff., whereschol. A attributes it to Pittacus. It is imitated Aristoph.Clouds 23 ^Xavve rbv aavfov 8p6/jLov. A. Hauvette—" c'est-a-

dire poiisse la toupie qui est a ta portee, a ta hauteur "— quitemisunderstands the phrase.

137

CALLIMACHUS

TTjv 8' oXlyrjv CO? kclvos is oIklov rjyero vvfji(f)rjv. 15

OVTOJ Kal (jv y IdiV^ ti]V Kara uavrov e'Aa.

A.P. vii. 89, Diog. Laert. i. 79 f.

II.

Et7T6 T6S", 'H/oa/cAetrc, reov fxopov, is 8e fjue SaKpvyjyayev, ifJLvrâOrjv 8* oGoaKis d/xôrepot

tJXlov iv XicrxD KareSvaaiJiev' dXXa av fxiv ttov,

êlv* *AXiKapvrjcrev , rerpaTraXaL gttoSlt^'

at 8e real t,cjovoiv arjhoves, rJGiv 6 Trdvrcuv

apTraKTTjs 'At8r^? ovk iirl X^^P^ jSaAet.

^.P. vii. 80, Diog. Laert. ix. 17.

III.2

[*Of€tat TTavTYj TT€pl Tov rd(j)OV €IgIv aKavdai

Koi gk6Xo7T€9' ^Xdijjeis rovs TToSag, 'qv TTpocrirjs'J^

Tlfiojv fjLLcrdvOpojTTOs ivoiKecj. dXXd irdpeXde

ol/jicoêLV eirras TToXXd, TrdpeXOe pLovov.

A.P. vii. 320, where it is attributed to Hegesippus. Plut.

Ant. 70 quotes the last distich as rb irepicpepofievov KaXXi-

IV.2

M17 ;ât/D€tv €L7rr)S fJi€, KaKov Keap, dXXd rrdpeXOe'

taov ifJLOL xalpetv iarl ro (jlt) g€ yeXdv.^

A.P. vii. 318.

^ 7' idiv A.P. ; Alwu Diog. *

2 Rejected by Wilamowitz. Other epigrams on TimonA.P. vii. 313 IF. ^ yeXav mss. ; TreXav Jacobs.

138

EPIGRAMS

even as he led home the humble bride, so go thouand keep thine own rank.

IL«

One told me, Heracleitus, of thy death andbrought me to tears, and I remembered how often

we two in talking put the sun to rest.^ Thou,methinks, Halicarnasian friend, art ashes long andlong ago ; but thy nightingales live still, whereonHades, snatcher of all things, shall not lay his hand.

III.

[All about my grave are sharp thorns and stakes

:

thou wilt hurt thy feet if thou comest nigh :]

^ I, Timon,^ hater of men, inhabit here ; but gothou by ; curse me as thou wilt, but go.

IV.

Bid me not " farewell," evil heart, but go by. It

is well with me if thou refrain from laughter.

"- Quoted Diog. Laert. ix. 17, where he gives a list ofpersons called Heracleitus : t/ji'tos eXeyeia^ TroL-qTy]s 'AXiKap-

vaa<T€vs, ets dv KaWi/xaxos irewoirjKev outojs, El-jre ris . . . [iaXei.

Strabo, xiv. 666, mentions among notable men of Hali-

carnassus 'HpaicXeiTos 6 iroi7}Tr]$ 6 KaXKifiaxov eraTpos. Anepitaph by him is A.P. vii. 465 (imitated by Antip. Sid.

A.P. vii. 464). The epigram of Callimachus is translated in

lonica (1858, rep. 1891) by Wm. Cory (Johnson).* Verg. E. ix. 51 f. " saepe ego iongos Cantando puerum

memini me condere soles."<= On Timon, the Athenian misanthrope, cf. Aristoph.

Birds 1549, Lys. 809 ff. ; Lucian, Timon ; Diog. Laert. ix.

112 ; Plut. Anton. 70. Schneider assigns the first distich to

Hegesippus, the second to Callimachus.

139

CALLIMACHUS

Tlfiajv, ov yap er* i&al, ri rot, gkotos r^ (jxxos

exQpov;^^ TO (TKOTOS' vfJLeajv yap irX^ioves etv 'AiSt^.'*

A.P. vii. 317.

VI.

l^oyxos eyco, 7j€(j)vpLTL, 7TaXaLT€po9^' dAAa av vvv p,€,

K.V7rpL, Tt€X7jva(rj£ dvOefxa TTpcoTOV ^';(et?,

vavTiXos ^ OS TTeXdyeo-anv eTreVAeov, €t puev d^Jrat,

Teivas oiKeicxiV Xai(j)Os oltto rrpoTovcoVy

el Sc VaX7]vai7], XiTraprj Oeos, ovXos ipecracov 5

TTOGoi VLV^, WOT €pyCx) TOVVOfXa OVfl(f>€p€TaL,

€GT eireaov napd divas 'louAtSa?, 6(f)pa yevwpiai ,

Gol TO TrepLGKeTTTov TraiyvLov, 'ApGLVorj,

^ irdXai W/sas Schneider. ^ vavrCKov ; corr. Kaibel.^ TToa-ffly ip' ; corr. Hermann.

<» oi irXeloves, as we say The Great Maiority= the Dead:Aristoph. Eccl. 10T3; A.P. vii. 731, xi. 42; Suid. TrXetdvwv

* On a nautilus shell dedicated to Arsinoe Aphrodite ofZephyrium (c/. epigr. of Poseidippus in Athen. vii. 318) bySelenaea, daughter of Cleinias, who, we may suppose, on theway from Smyrna to Egypt had obtained the shell at lulis in

Ceos. For Zephyrium cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. icn /cat &KpaTTjs KlyuTTTov d(f>' ^s if 'A(ppo8iTr) Kal 'ApaiyoT] Z€<pvpLTis ws

KaWlfj-axos. See W. Deonna, Bev. Arch. 1917, Rev. deVhistoire d. relief. 80 (1919).

The epigram is quoted by Athenaeus apropos of Aristotle's

description (fr. 316) of the nautilus : "The so-called nautilus

(i.e. sailor) is not a polypus but resembles the polypus in the .

matter of tentacles. It has a testaceous back. In emergingfrom the water it keeps the shell atop so as not to carry

140

EPIGRAMS

V.

Timon (for thou art no more), which is hateful to

thee—Darkness or Light ? " The Darkness, for there

are more * of you in Hades."

Ylfi

An old shell am I, O Lady of Zephyrium/ but now,Cypris, I am thine, a first offering from Selenaea : I the

nautilus that used to sail upon the sea, if there werewind, stretching my sail on my own forestays, if Calm,<*

that bright goddess, prevailed, rowing strongly withmy feet—so that my name befits my deed !—till I

fell on the shores of lulls, that I might become thyadmired toy, Arsinoe, and that in my chambers may

water. Then it turns over and floats on the surface, hold-

ing erect two tentacles which have a membrane betweenthem, similar to the skinny web seen between the toes offowls. Other two tentacles it lets down into the sea to

serve as rudders. When frightened by the approach of

anything it draws in its feet, fills itself with sea water andsubmerges quickly." This is the Argonaut or Papernautilus.

" Arsinoe II. Philadelphus, who died, as we now knowfrom a new fragment of the Mendes stele, in July 270 b.c,received divine honours and had, among others, a templeat Zephyrium, a promontory between Alexandria andthe Canopic mouth of the Nile, dedicated by Callicrates

(Poseidippus ap. Athen. vii. 318) 6 vavapxo^, where she wasworshipped as Arsinoe Aphrodite (Strabo 800), i.e. Aphroditeas patroness of sea-faring (EuTrXota, \ie\a-yla).

'^ Galenaia, or Galene, a Nereid (Hes. Th. 244), wasthe goddess of Calm, cf. Eurip. Hel. 1457 ; Paus. ii. 1. 8.

But the word is frequently used in the sense of the '

' calmsea," e.^. Hom. Od. vii. 319 iXowa-i yaXrjvrjv ; which justifies

us in taking vlv here to be the sea ; cf. vrjea-ffiu epiaaerai

. . . vdup A.p. iv. 3^ 30.

141

CALLIMACHUS

fiTjSe fJLOi €v OaXdjjLrjaLv e^* cos ndpos, ctfil yapdiTVOvs,

TLKrr]TaL voreprjs^ a>€OV olXkvovtjs. 10

KXcLVLOv dXXd dvyarpl SlSov )(dpLV. otSe yap iadXdpe^€LV /cat llfJLvpVTjs iorrlv dir* AtoAtSos".

Athen. vii. 318.

VII.

Tov Sa/xtou ^ TTOvos clfjil Sofjuo) 7TOT€ Oelov doithov ^

Seâfjuevov, /cAetco * S* ^vpvrov, oaa* eiradev,

/cat âvdrjv 'loActav, 'OpLTjpGLOv he /caAcu/xat

ypdfjL/jLa- Kp€aj(f)vXa) , Za€V îXe, rovro pueya,

Strabo xiv. 638, Sext. Emp. Adv. math. p. 609, schol.

Dion. Thrac. p. 163 (except the last four words).

VIII.

Xn^Xrjv fJL-qrpVLTJg, puKpav ^ XtOov, €(jT€(f)e Kovpos,

(1)S îov rjXXd)(daL /cat rpoirov oloficvos'

7j Se rdcfycp KXivdivra /care/crave 77-atSa rreaovaa'

(j)€vy€T€ p,r]TpVLrJ9 /cat rd(f)ov ol TTpoyovoi'.

A.P. ix. 67 anonym, but attributed to Callim. by Planud.

^ voreprja . . . oKkvovLs Kaibel.2 Tov i,a/j.iov Strabo ; Kp€U(pv\ov schol. Dion. Thrac. and

Sext. Emp.' doi5bv Sext. Emp. ; "Ofirjpov Strabo.^ KXelu Sext. Emp. ; K\aiu Strabo.^ fuapav Bentley, but cf. Suid. s.v. Kwrtyiov' . . . elSev

iKeiae aTrjXrjP fxiKpav T(f jx-qKei /cat TrXaretaj' koL irax^'io.v ttclvv . . .

irapevdi) ireaelv tt]v <TT7]\r]v ex tov iKeiae v\l/ovs Kai Kpovaai rbv

'J/ii^pLov Kai dauaruxxai.

142

EPIGRAMS

no more be laid, as erstwhile—for I am dead—the

eggs of the water-haunting kingfisher. But give

thou grace to the Daughter of Cleinias ; for sheknows to do good deeds and she is from AeolianSmyrna.

VII.

I am the work of the Samian," who once received

the divine singer in his house ; and I celebrate the

sufferings of Eurytus* and of fair-haired loleia ; but I

am called the writing of Homer. Dear Zeus, for

Creophylus this is a great thing.

VIII."

A youth was garlanding the grave-pillar of his

step-mother, a short stone, thinking that with changeof life her nature too was changed. But as he bentover the grave, the stone fell and killed the boy.

Ye step-sons, shun even the grave of a step-mother.

« Strabo xiv, 638 " To Samos belonged also Creophyluswho is said to have entertained Homer and received fromhim as a gift the inscription of the poem called ' The Takingof Oichalia ' (Ot'xaX/as "AXoxrts). But Callimachus in anepigram asserts the contrary and implies that Creophyluswrote the poem while Homer was reputed to be the authoron account of the alleged entertaining." Then he quotesthe epigram.

* Eurytus, king of Oechaha, variously localized in Thessaly{II. ii. 730), Messenia, and Euboea. He offered to wed hisdaughter lole, or loleia (Hesiod ap. schol. Soph, Tr. 263),to him who should defeat him in archery. Heracles defeatedhim, but he refused to give lole to Heracles, who thereupondestroyed Oechalia, killed Eurytus, and carried off lole.

" The unkindness of the step-mother to the first family(irpoyovoi, so A. P. ix. 68) is proverbial in the Greek andLatin poets, A.P. ix. 68 and 69.

143

CALLIMACHUS

IX.

*HA^€ SealrrjTOs KaOaprjv oSov. et 8* iirl kluctov

Tov reov ovx avrr), Bolkx^, KeXevdos dyei,

dXXcov fiev KijpvKes €7tI ^pa^vv ovvofxa Kacpov

<j)de'yôvTaij kcIvov S' 'EAAas" act ao(f>L7]v.

A.P. ix. 565.

X.

MiKpT^ Tt?, Aiovvcrc, KaXa TTprjcrGovrL TTOirjrfj

prJGLS' 6 fJL€V " l^tKTO)" <^7^Crt TO jJLaKpOTaTOV,

aj Se (jv fjuT) TTvevcrrjs ivSeîos,^ rjv ris eprjrai

" TTOJS eâXes *'; ^t^cti " GKXr]pd rd ytyvo/xeva.'*

TO) fJLepfJLr^pLâvTL rd fjurj "vStKa rovro yivoiTO

TOVTTOS' ifjiOL S*, ojva^y Tj ppaxvGvXXa^LT]

.

5

A. P. ix. 666.

XI.

TfjSe Udojv 6 Alkojvos ÂKavOios lepov vttvov

KOLfidrai. OvrjOKeLV (jltj Xeye rovs dyadov?.

A.P. vii. 451.

XII.

*Hv Si^Tj Tifiapxov €V "AiSoSy 6(f)pa Trvdrjai

7] TL Trepl iffvx^s '^ irdXi ttcjs eaeac,

SlêaOai <f>vXrJ£ ITroAe/xatSos' vlia rrarpos

UavaavLov Sijecs 8' avrov eV evaeêojp.

A.P. vii. 520.1 iiri5e^Lo% Kaibel.

* Theaetetus was the author of several extant epigrams,Diog. Laert. iv. 25, viii. 48; A.P. vii. 444, 499, 727. We14.4

EPIGRAMS

IX.

Theaetetus ** travelled a splendid path. If that

path, Bacchus, leads not to thine ivy wreath—other

men's names the heralds will voice a little while, buthis skill Hellas will voice for ever.

Short is the speech, Dionysus, of the successful

poet :" Won," says he, at most. But if thou breathe

not favourably and one ask, ''^ What luck .'^ " "'Tis a

hard business," he says. Be these the words of himwho broods injustice ; but mine, O Lord, the

monosyllable

!

XI.

Here Saon of Acanthus, son of Dicon, sleeps theholy sleep. Say not that the good die.^

XII.

If thou seekest Timarchus " in the house of Hadesto learn aught of the soul, or how it shall be withthee hereafter, seek the son of Pausanias of thePtolemaic tribe,^ and thou shalt find him in the abodeof the righteous.

may perhaps infer from A.P. vii. 49, which is on Ariston ofCyrene, that he belonged to that town. The reference ofKadapy]v odov is obscure : cf. Pind. Isth. iv. (v.) 23, 01. vi. 23and 73. Hauvette has " T. est entre dans une voienouvelle.

"

* J. Montgomery : When the good man yields his breath—for the good man never dies (Wanderer of Switz. v.).

" Diog. Laert. vi. 95 mentions a philosopher Timarchusof Alexandria.

'^ This Athenian tribe was so named in honour of PtolemyPhiladelphus, Paus. i. 6. 8.

L 145

CALLIMACHUS

XIII.

^vvrofjLOs rjv 6 êlvog' o /cat cjtlxo? ov fiaKpa Xe^cov

" QrjpLS Âpiaraiov Ys^p-qs'* eV* e/ôt 8oAt;\;os".

A.P. vii. 447.

XIV.

Kv^t/cov riv eXdrjSy oAtyo? tt-ovos" 'iTTTrafcov evpeXv

Kal AiSvfJLTjv' d(j)avr]s ov re yap rj yeverj.

/cat G<f)iv dvLTjpov fiev ipeXs ewoSi e/x7ra Se Aefat

Tovd^j on Tov K€Lva)v ciSS* iirexco KpLrirjv.

A.P. vii. 521.

XV.

*H /)' T57ro (Tot XaptSas" dvaTraverai ; " et rov 'Apt/x/xa

Tou Kvprjvalov TratSa Aeyets", utt' ejxoi.^^

c5 XaptSa, Tt TO, vepde; " ttoAu gkotos.'^ at 8'

avoSot Tt;

"iffevSo^.^^ 6 Se IlXovTcov; " fxv9o£.^^ diTOjXo-

ficda.

" It seems best to take avvroixos as short of stature, c/.

Ovid, Amor. ii. 7. v59 f. "Ossa tegit tumulus, tumulus procorpore magnus. Quo lapis exiguus par sibi carmen habet " ;

but some understand it as short of speech or swift of foot.

The interpretations are various :

1. The deceased was small of stature, the monument wassmall, so that the inscription, though of the shortest, wasyet too long to be written in one line (Wilamowitz),

2. The Planudean gives the epigram as one of several els

dyuiVLffTCis. Hence Meineke reads vir' ijiol, 56\lxov (i.e. thelong race) in the sense " Theris hes under me (the tomb-stone), <victor> in the long race." Stadtmiiller reads ^7r6i'et

ddXixov.

146

EPIGRAMS

XIII.

Short "' was the stranger : wherefore the line,

though brief its tale :" Theris, son of Aristaeus,

Cretan/' is long for [upon] me.

XIV.

If thou goest to Cyzicus, it will be small trouble

to find Hippacus ^ and Didyme : for not obscure is

their family. And a painful message thou wilt tell

them, yet tell them this, that I here cover Critias,

their son.

- XV.''

Doth Charidas rest under thee ? " If thou meanestthe son of Arimmas of Cyrene, under me." OCharidas, what of the world below ? " Much dark-

ness." And what of the upward way? "A lie."

And Pluto? ^^A fable." We are undone. "This

3. Others, taking a-^vrofios as concise in speech, read Xe^wand vtt' ifioi, doXix^s. " Th. was brief of speech : so shall theverse be : I shall not say much : Th., etc., rests under me :

"

too long still

!

^ For the name Hippacus cf. Pittacus, Astacus, Buttacus,Pyrrhacus. Ajax in his last words (Soph. Aj. 845 ff.) appealsto the Sun to carry the news of his death to his father andmother. Epigrams in which this last appeal is made by theepitaph on the tomb to the passenger are numerous in theAnthology: A. P. vii. 499, 500, 502, 540, 544, 569, 589, 631.

Hauvette refers to CJ.A. i. 463 ; iv. 477^, 477^." On Charidas, son of Arimmas of Cyrene. Arimmas is

a short form of 'Api/xaxo^ and is found in Arr. Anah. iii.

6. 8 (Hoffmann, Die Makedonen, p. 193).

147

CALLIMACHUS

" ovTOs ifJLos Xoyos Vfjufitv dXrjdivos' el Se rov rjSvv 5

povXei, IleAAatoi; ôvs fjueyas etV *AtSi7."

A.P. vii. 524.

XVI.

Aalfiova ris 8' ev otSe rov avpiov; aviKa /cat ere

yidpiJLi, rov 6<f)daX[JLo'LS x^tfov iv dfjuerepois

ra irepS! KXavaavres idaTrropicv' ovSev eKeivov

etSe Trarrip Ato^cDv XPVH'* dviaporepov.

A.P. vii. 519.

XVII.

"TtjJLOvor)." ris S* eaai; /xd Salpiovas, ov ct' ai'

eTTeyvcuv,

€1 fiTj TtfioOeov TTarpos iTrrjv ovofia

GrrjXrj /cat MT^ûjLtva, rer] ttoXls. 77 /xeya ^T^/xt

XVP^^ dvidaSai gov ttoglv "Eivdvpidvr].

A.P. vii. 522.

XVIII.

Ys.p'qdiha rr)V TToXvpuvdov, eTTiGrapêvriv KaXd 7rai^€LV

hit,y]vrai Hafilajv rroXXaKi Ovyarepes,

rjSiGrrjv Gvvepidov del XdXov r) 8* dTTO^plêi

ivddSe rov Tracats" virvov 6(f)eLX6fJLevov.

A.P. vii. 459.

" The cheapness of things in Hades seems to havebeen proverbial. Cf, Callim. lamb, i, 2 e/f twv okov ôvv

KoWvôv tnTrpr}(TKOV(XLV and Phot. dôXoO x^/xat/ja* iv A'idov.

Coins of Pella had ox as type {Head, Hist. Numm. p. 212,

cf. schol. Ambros. Theocr. i. 26) and hence may have been

148

EPIGRAMS

that I say to you is the true tale, but if thou wouldst

have the pleasant tale^ a great ox costs but a copper

in Hades." "

XVI.

Who knows aright to-morrow's ^ fortune ? Wheneven thee, Charmis, whom we saw with our owneyes yesterday, next day we laid in the grave with

tears. Than that thy father Diophon hath seen

nothing more painful.

XVII.«

"Timonoe." Who art thou } By the gods I hadnot known thee, were not the name of thy father

Timotheus on thy tombstone, and Methymna, thy

city. Great, methinks, is the sorrow of thy widowedhusband Euthymenes !

XVIII.

Crathis, of many tales, skilled in pretty jest, dothe daughters of the Samians oft-times seek—their

sweetest companion, always talking ; but she sleeps

here the sleep that is due to all.

known as /36es ITeXXaioi, as Attic drachmas were called yXavKcs

AavpeomKaL (Aristoph. Ai\ 1106) or IlaXXdSes (Eubiilus

ap. Poll. ix. 76), and the Corinthian coins with figure

of Pegasus were called TrwXot (Eurip. fr. 673 = Poll. ix. 75).

The meaning will then be that in Hades a real /SoOs /A^7as

costs only a /SoCs IXeXXatos. Cf. Kaibel, Hermes xxxi. (1896).* Wilamowitz' rbv Mpiov is incredible. There is no such

deity." Kaibel {Hermes xxxi. (1896)) suggests that the epigram

implies an epitaph in the form iLixovba TLfiodeov Mrjdv/xvaLov,

yvva Be ^vOvfxiveos.

149

CALLIMACHUS

XIX.

"QêAe jjLTjS^ iyivovTO Ooal vees' ov yap av rjfxetg

rraiSa AiOKXetSov TicorroXiv iarevofiev

.

vvv 8' o /xev €tV aXi ttov êperai veKVs, avrl S*

€/cetvoi»

ovvofjua /cat Keveov crfjfjua TrapepxofJLcda.

A.P. vii. 271.

XX.

Nd^Los ovK €7tI yrJ9 eSavev Avkos, aAA' ivl ttovto)

vavv dfjia Kal ipvxrjv elBev aTToXXvfjLevrjv,

efjLTTopos AlylvTjdev or* cVAee. x^ /^^^ ^^ ^YPVvcKpos, iycb 8' dXXojs ovpojjba rvfjuôs exojv

K7]pVGaa) TTavdXrjOes eiros rohe " êvye daXdaarrj

avjjLixiayeiv ipL<f)a>v, vavrlXc, Suo/xcVojv."

A.P. vii. 272.

XXI.

A<x}S€K€rr] Tov TTalSa irarrjp aTreOr^Ke OlXlttttos

ivddBe, TTjv TToXXrjv iXTrlSa, Nt/corcAr^v.

A.P. vii. 453.

XXII.

Hojot M.€XdvL7T7rov iddnTOfjiev, rjeXlov Se

Svofievov Bao-tAo; KdrBave TrapOevLKT)

avTOX^pL' t,oj€iv yap aSeAêov eV TTvpl delaa

OVK erXr]. StSu/xov 8' olkos iaelSe KaKov

150

EPIGRAMS

XIX.«

Would that swift ships had never even been!So should we not be mourning Sopolis, son of

Diocleides. But now he floats somewhere in the sea,

a corpse,, and, in his stead, his name and empty tombwe pass by.

XX.&

Not on land died Lycus of Naxos, but at sea

he saw ship and life perish together, when sailing as

a merchant from Aegina. And he in the wet sea is

a corpse, while I, the tomb that holds only his name,proclaim this message of utter truth : Flee the

company of the sea, O mariner, when the Kids are

setting

!

XXI.

Here the father laid his twelve-year son : here

Philippus laid his great hope—Nicoteles.

XXII.

At morn we buried Melanippus : as the sun set

the maiden Basilo died by her own hand ; for she

could not endure to lay her brother on the pyre andlive ; and the house of their father Aristippus

« Cp. A.P. vii. 496.* For the cosmical setting of the Kids in December

bringing storm, as also their heliacal rising in May, cf. Plin.

N.H. xviii. 69 "haec (terapestates) ab horridis sideribus

exeunt veluti Arcturo, Orione, haedis." Hor. C. iii. 1. 28;Verg. A. ix. 668. Similarly Capella, Ovid, Fast. v. 113,

M. iii. 594 ; Arat. Ph. 158 f. ; Theocr. vii. 53.

151

CALLIMACHUS

Trarpos ÂpiarlTTTroLO, KaT'q(f)rjG€V 8e Kvp'qvr]

irdaa rov evreKvov XVP^^ ISovcra Sopiov.

A.P. vii. 317.

XXIII.

"Ocrrts' ip'OV Trapa crrjpLa <f)ip€is TroSa, KaAAt/xa;;ôu pue

tadt }{.vprjvaLOV TratSd re /cat yeverrfu.

elSeiTjg S' dpi(f>o) Kev o puev kot€ rrarpihos ottXcdv

jjp^€Vy 6 8' rjetcrcv Kpeaaova âaKavuTjS'

ov V€pL€(JLS' M-OvaaL yap ogovs tSov opLpuari TralSa^ 5

pLT] Xo^Cp, TToXlOVS OVK OLTTedeVTO (f>LXovs.

A.p. vii. 525.

XXIV.

ÂaraKiBrjv tov Kprjra rov anroXov 'qpiraae Nvpi(f)r]

€^ opeos, Kal vvv lepos Â.oraKih'qs -

OVK€TL AlKraL7]aLV VTTO SpVCJiV, OVK€rL /^d(f>viv

7roLpL€V€9y 'AaTaKiBTjv 8* aL€V deiaopieda.

A.P. vii. 518.

XXV.

EtTra? " "HAt€ X^^P^'* KXeopL^poros 'Qpi^paKLcorrjs

'qXar* dc/y* vip7]Xov reixôs els ÂlStjv,

" On Battiis, son of Callimachus the General and fatherof CalUmachus the Poet.

* Cf. Hes. Th. 81 f. ; Hor. Od. iv. 3. 1.

" i.e. is become a hero. Cf. Wilaraowitz, Die Textge-

schichte der griechischen Bukoliker, p. 176.

152

EPIGRAMS

beheld a twofold woe ; and all Cyrene bowed her

head to see the home of happy children madedesolate.

XXIII.«

Whosoever thou art who walkest past my tomb,know that I am son and sire of Callimachus of Cyrene.

Thou wilt know them both. For the one once led

the arms of his fatherland, the other sang songs

beyond the reach of envy. Naught in this is there

to surprise ; for on whom as children the Museslook^ with no sidelong glance, those they do not

reject as friends when their heads are grey.

XXIV.

Astacides, the Cretan, the goat-herd, a nymphcarried off from the hill, and now Astacides is madeholy." No more beneath the oaks of Dicte, no moreof Daphnis shall we shepherds sing, but always of

Astacides.

XXV.*^

Farewell, O Sun, said Cleombrotus of Ambraciaand leapt from a lofty wall into Hades. No evil

^ A.P.yW. 471, cf. xi. 354. Cleombrotus of Ambracia wasa pupil of Plato. He was in Aegina at the time of Socrates'death, Plato, Phaedo 59 c. For his suicide cf. Lucian,Philopatr. i. dWa Kara KprjfMvwv ihdovjxiqv hv iirl KecpaXijS

(XKOTodiPTjaas, el fxr] eireKpa^ds /ioi, Co rdv^ Kai to tov KXeofx^pdrov

Trri5r}/j.a tov 'A/x^paKubTov ipivdevdr] iir' ifxoL The work ofPlato is the Phaedo, or On the Soul. Cf. Th. Sinko in Eosxi. (1905), pp. If.

153

k

CALLIMACHUS

d^iov oifSev ISojv davdrov KaKov, dXXd YiXdrCDVOs

ev TO irepl ^vxr]s ypd/xfju* dvaXe^dfievos

.

A. P. vii. 471; Sext. Emp. Adv. math. p. 690; schol.

Dion. Thrac. p. 160.

XXVI.

"Upcxjs 'Hcrtcovos" iTTLGradfjLog *A/x^t7roAtT€a>

ISpVfXaL fJLLKpO) [JLLKpOS €771 TTpodvpip

Xo$6v 6(f)LV Kal fjiovvov excov ^l(I)os' dvBpl S* 'ETretoi

Ovfjicodelg 7T€^6v /ca/xc TrapcpKLaaro.

A.P. ix. 336.

XXVII.

*'Q.fxocT€ KaAAtyvajTOS" 'IcovtSt fjLrjnoT^ eKcivrjg

€^€iv fXTjTe (f}LXov Kp^GOOva fjL'qTe (fyiXrjv.

wfJLOcrev' dXXd Xiyovcriv dXrjdea rovg ev epcorc

opKOVS fXTj 8vu€LV ovaT is ddavdrajv.

vvv 8' o pLev dpcrevLKO) Oeperai TTVpr rrjs Se raXalvr]?

vvp.(l)r]s d)S Meyapecov ov Xoyog ouS* dpiO/jios.

A. P. V. 6.

* Heroes were characteristically represented armed andon horseback and attended by a snake (indicating their

chthonian nature). Eetion is atypical Trojan (cf. Eetion fatherof Andromache) who hates the idea of a horse in consequenceof the wooden horse made by Epeius {Od. viii. 493), andso has a hero at his door who is represented on foot.

dvSpi){T]pcos is a mortal. Cf. Pind. O. ii. 2 riv' %c.;a, riva5' &pdpa ;

* Instability of lovers' vows ; cf. Ovid, Ars am. i. 633** luppiter ex alto periuria ridet amantum."

" The Megarians : the concluding words ttjs . . . dpL0/x6s are

154

EPIGRAMS

had he seen worthy of death, but he had read onewriting of Plato's, On the Soul.

XXVI.«

I, a Hero, am set by the doors of Eetion of

Amphipolis—a small statue by a small vestibule,

with coiling snake and a sword—no more : Wrothwith the man Epeius he has set me also by his

house on foot.

XXVII.^

Callignotus swore to lonis that he would neverhold man or woman dearer than her. He sware

:

but what they say is true—that lovers' oaths enter

not the ears of the immortals. And now his flame

is a man, while of poor lonis there is, as of theMegarians,*' "nor count nor reckoning."

quoted from " Callimachus in his Epigrams " by Suidas s.v.

u/xets cD Meyapeh, where the explanation of the proverb is

given :" Mnaseas relates that the Aegians in Achaea,

having defeated the Aetolians at sea and captured fromthem a penteconter, dedicated a tithe at Pytho and inquiredwho were the best of the Greeks. The Pythian priestess

gave them the oracle quoted above. A Thessalian mare, aLacedaemonian woman, the men who drink the water offair Arethusa . . . vfiels 8', Alyi^es oUre rpiToi oiire rerapToi,

ovre dviajd^KaroL, out' iv \6yi^ o{jt iv apidfi^. Ion also saysthe oracle was given to the Aegians. But some think it

was spoken to the Megarians, and quote u/xeZs 5' S) Mtyapetskt\., as Callimachus in his Epigrams, etc." Cf. Suid. s.vv.

AlyuTs and Meyap^cov, Steph. Byz. s.v. Myiou, etc.

155

CALLIMACHUS

XXVIII.

Er\;ov 0,770 GfjbiKpcjv oXtyov piov ovT€ TL heivov

pitîov OVT* ahiKCJV ovSeva. Fata îAt^,

MlkvXos €l TL TTOv-qpov eTTT^vecTa, ixrire crv kov(I>7]

yiv€o /xtJt' aAAo6 Satfioves ot fi ^X^'^^'

A.P. vii. 460.

XXIX.

*HcrtoSoi> TO T* d€VGf.La Kal 6 Tpoiros' ov tov aoihov

eaxoLTOv, aAA' OKvecj firj to /xeAt^porarov

Tcbv ineajv 6 HoXevs aTre/xaâro • pâtpere AeTrrat

pineries, ÂpT^TOv GVVT0V09 dypVTTvlr].

A. P. ix'. 507. Arati Vit. iii. (West. p. 54).

XXX.

'Exât/060 TO TTolrjfia to kvkXlkov, ovSe KeXevOcp

XOL^pf^ TiS TToXXovg c58e /cat c58e êpet,

IMidO) Kal 7TepL(f>OLTOV ipCOjJieVOVy Oz)S* OLTTO Kpi]V7jg

TTLVCJ' GLKXCLiVCx) TTOLVTa TO, SrjfJLOaLa.

AvaavLTjy Gv Sc vatxl KaXos KaXos—aAAa irplv elirelv 5

TOVTO (Ta<f)ct)s H^co, (j)7]Gi TVS " dXXos ^X^l'-^*

A.P. xii. 43.

« The name Micylus occurs as the name of a Macedoniangeneral in Diodor. xix. 88. 5. It is chosen here probably assuiting the context (Micylus = small).

* On the Phaenomena of Aratus. If doiSoi' of all mss.

is right, the interpretation adopted (Kaibel, Hermes xxix.

(1894), p. 120) seems best. It would be hazardous to takeT. d. ^(Tx- as = r. âx- «•» and in that sense it would be better

to read doidwu.^ " Odi profanum vulgus et arceo," Hor, Od, iii. 1. 1.

156

EPIGRAMS

XXVIII.

With little means I led a humble life^ doing nodreadful deed nor injuring any. Dear Earthy if I,

MicyluSj** have praised any evil things be not thoulight to me, nor light ye other Spirits which haveme in your keeping.

XXIX.&

Hesiod's is the theme and Hesiod's the manner.I misdoubt that not to the utter end but only the

most honeysweet of his verses has the poet of Soli

copied. Hail subtle discourses, the earnest vigil

of Aratus,

XXX«

I hate the cyclic poem, nor do I take pleasure in

the road which carries many to and fro. I abhor,

too, the roaming lover, and I drink not from every

well ^; I loathe all common things. Lysanias, thou

art, yea, fair, fair : but ere Echo has quite said the

word, says someone, "He iS another's."

Echo is the companion of Pan, Eros, etc. (Plut. Qu.Symp. viii. 711 e) and mother of lynx, the Love Charmer(Callim. ap. schol. Theocrit. ii. 17). Her function is

to repeat the last word or words of a sentence—here/ca\6s. Cf. Ovid, Metam. iii. 368 "tamen haec in fine

loquendi Ingeminat voces auditaque verba reportat," and ih.

380 "dixerat, Ecquis adest, et Adest responderat Echo."The repeated koKos as part of the lover's language occurs as

early as Pind. P. ii, 72 /caXos rot irldoiv (pet name for irldrjKos)

irapa Traialv d^ KoKbs, and Attic vases frequently exhibit

such forms as 6 irals vai-xl KaXos, KoXbs veavias, 6 wais Ka\6s,

vaLXL KaXos, Acopddeos icaXos, vaixl Ka\6s.

The punctuation after 'H^w was first proposed by E.Petersen in 1875. The old punctuation, after aacpuis, gavethe words &\\os e'xet to Echo. <^ Cf. Theogn. 959 ff.

157

CALLIMACHUS

XXXI.

''Ey;\;et Kal ttolXlv etTre " Ato/cAeos"." ouS' 'A;êAajos'

Keivov Tcjv lepcov aladdveraL Kvddojv.

KaXos 6 TTaXs, 'A;^€Aa)e, Xtrjv KaXos, et Se rts^ ou;3^t

^TjGLV—eTriaTaifxriv fMovvos iyoj rd KoXd.

A.P. xii. 51.

XXXII.

SearaaXiKc KXeovLKe, rdXaVy rdXav, ov fid rov o^vv

rjXiov, ovK eyvcov ax^rXLe, ttov yeyovas;

oarea aol /cat fxovvov en rpLX^S' rj pd g€ SalfJLCov

ovpLos €xei, xP-XeTrfj 8* rjvreo devfiopLT)

;

eyvcjv ^vîdeos ae avvijpTTaGe, Kal ov yap iXdcbv 5

rov KaXoVy (L /jloxOt^P*, e^Xenes dix(j)OTepois

.

A.P. xii. 71.

XXXIII.

*Q,yp€VT'qs, 'ETTtK-uSes", eV ovpeau Trdvra Xaycjov

Stâ Kal irda-qs txîa SopKaXtSos

GT€i^r) Kal vi(j)€Tip K€Xpr]fJL€V09P- 'qv Se rts" €L7Trj

"T7J, ToSe pe^XrjraL drjpLov/^ ovk eXaêv.

Xovfiog epojs rotoaSe* rd ydp <ji€vyovTa Scwkclv

otSc, rd 8' iv fxeaacp Keifieva TrapTTererai.

A.P. xii. 102.

^ Kexo-pv/^^ôs Bentley.

" For the custom of drinking to a person in unmixedwine cf. A.P. v. 136, 137. For Achelous = water cf. Verg.Georg. i. 9 " Poculaque inventis Acheloia miscuit uvis."

158

EPIGRAMS

XXXI.

^ Fill the cup and say again ^^To Diodes!" And2" Achelous * knows not of his sacred cups. Fair is the

:> boy, O Achelous, and very fair : and if any denies it,

! may I alone know how fair he is !

XXXII.

Cleonicus of Thessaly, poor youth ! poor youth !

nay, by the scorching sun I knew thee not. Where,poor wretch, hast thou been ? Thou hast but bonesand hair.^ Hath then the same doom overtaken

thee as me, and hast thou met a hard dispensation

of the gods ? I know—Euxitheus hath caught thee

too : for thou, too, didst come and gaze upon the

fair one, poor youth, with both thine eyes.

XXXIII.«

The hunter on the hills, O Epicydes, searches out

every hare and the tracks of every roe, beset byfrost and snow. But if one say, " Lo ! here is a

beast shot " he takes it not. Even such is my love :

it can pursue what flees from it, but what lies ready

it passes by.

» Cf. Theoor. ii. 89.

" This epigram is paraphrased by Horace, Sat. i. 2. 105 fF.

" ' Leporem venator ut alta In nive sectatur, positum sic

tangere nolit,' Cantat et apponit :' meus est amor huic

similis, nam Transvolat in medio posita et fugientia captat.'

"

The sentiment is a common one, cf. Ovid, Amor. ii. 9. 9

"Venator sequitur fugientia, capta relinquit Semper et

inventis ulteriora petit"; cf. ii. 19. 35 ; Sappho, frag. 1. 21 /cat

yap al (pevyei rax^ojs Siw^et.

159

CALLIMACHUS

XXXIV.

OtS' OTL fJLOL TtXoVTOV K€V€al X^P^^* (xAAci, MeVL7T7T€,

jiirj Xiye irpos âpircov rovfiov oveipov iyioi.

aXyeo) ttjv Slol iravros eiros rohe inKpov OLKOvajv

vol (jiiXcy TOJV Trapa aov tovt dvepaarorarov.

A.P. xii. 148.

XXXV.

"ApTCfjLty rlv Toh^ dyaXfjua (^lXtjparts etaaro rfjSe•

A.P. vi. 347.

XXXVI.

TtV /xe, Xeovrdyx covol avoKTOve, (fy'qyivov oôv

6rJK€ " ris ;'* Âp^lvos. " ttoZos ;

" d Kpi^s".

" SixofJbaL.^*

A.P. vi. 351.

XXXVII.

BarrtaSect) Trapa arjfia êpeis Trohas ed p.kv doiS'^v

etSdros", €V 8' otvo) Kaipia avyyeXdcrai.

A.P. vii. 415.

XXXVIII.

*0 AvKTLOs Mevlrasrd roâ raur* iireLTTcbv

160

EPIGRAMS

XXXIV.

Empty of wealth, I know, are my hands. But,

for the Graces' sake, Menippus, tell not "my owndream to me." * Pained through and through am I,

when I hear this bitter saying. Yes, my friend, of

all I have had from thee this is the most unloverlike.

XXXV.

Artemis, to thee Phileratis set up this image here.

Do thou accept it, Lady, and keep her safe.

XXXVI.

S>To thee, O Lord, Strangler of the Lion,^ Slayer of

the Boar, I, a branch of oak, am dedicated—" Bywhom?" Archinus. '^^ Which.''" The Cretan. "Iaccept."

XXXVII.

'Tis the tomb of Battus' son that thou art passing

—one who was well skilled in poesy and well skilled

in season to laugh over the wine.

XXXVIII.

Menitas of Lyctus dedicated this bow with these

« Proverbial of what one knows well ; cf. xlix. 6.

* The Strangler of the Lion i^eovTo.'yx']^ ? c/- f i'''c£7X'>7s ofHermes, Hippon. fr. 1) is Heracles stranghng the Nemeanlion, a frequent type in art, e.g. on the throne at Arayclae

d7xw^ 'Hpa/cX77s rbv \kovra (Pans. iii. 18. 15). He is Slayer of

the Boar, i.e. the Erymanthian Boar (Paus. viii. 24. 5).

M l6l

CALLIMACHUS

edrjKe "rrj, Kepas rot

hiScofJbL /cat <f)apeTpr]Vy

TtdpaTTL' TOV9 8* OLGTOVS

€)(ov(JLV 'EaTTcptrat."

XXXIX.A.P. xiii. 7.

To, h(x}pa ra^pohirri

TiXfJiov 7] 7r€pi(l)OiTOS, cIkov aVTTJS,

€drjK€ TTJv T€ fJLLTprjV

rj fiaoTTOvg i^lXrjGe tov t€ Travov,

avTOVs 6^ ovs €J)6p€L ToAatva dvpaovs?" 6

A.P. xiii. 24.

XL.

A'qfJLTjTpL rfj HvXalrj, ^rfj TOVTOV ovK fleAaoycov

*A.KpiaLos TOV vTjov iSelfiaro, ravd* 6 âvKpariTTjs

Kal rfj Kara) Ovyarpl

ra Scopa Ti/xoSt^/xos" ^

eloraro twv KepSeojv SeKarevfJLara' /cat yap evâO*

OVTCJS.A.P. xiii. 25.

XLI.

'leperj ^riii7]Tpos eyco 7tot€ koI ttolXlv Kaêtpcov,

(Lvep, /cat pL€T€7T€LTa AivSvfJL'qvrjg

* dvp<rovs Bentley ; airrovs . . . i<p6p€i Editor ; Kal tol-s

ah-oOs oprj roKai-va ddpaovs A.P.

" Steph. Byz. s.v. ''Ecnrepls' Tr6\i$ At^vrjs, i] vvv BepovlKrj^

6 Tro\iTT]S 'Eairepirrjs. KaWifiaxos iv rots 'Eiriypafifiaatv.

" Cf. Hephaest.<= Acrisius, son of Abas of Argos {ovk UeKaayCJv). The

shrine referred to seems to be implied to be at Ther-mopylae, cf. Strabo ix. 420 'AKpiaios 5i tQv fjivrjiiovevofxhuv

162

EPIGRAMS

words : " Lo ! I give to thee horn and quiver,

Sarapis ; but the arrows the men of Hesperis <* have."

• XXXIX.

These gifts to Aphrodite did Simon, the Hght o'

love, dedicate : a portrait of herself and the girdle

that kissed her breasts, and her torch, yea, and the

wands which she, poor woman, used to carry.

XL.&

To Demeter of the Gates, to whom Pelasgian

Acrisius^ builded this shrine, and to her daughterunder earth, Timodemus of Naucratis'* dedicated

these gifts as a tithe of his gains. For so he vowed.

XLI.

Priestess, Sir, of old was I of Demeter and again

of the Cabeiri and afterward of Dindymene ^—I the

irpOros diard^ai doKei to. irepl rods 'AfKpcKTvovas (the DelphicAmphictyony) .... t7]v 8^ avvobov livKaiav ^koXow . . .

iTreidr] ev IlvXais (XVVTjyovTo, As Kai QepfioirOXas KaXovaiv ^dvov

8k TTj A7]/xT]Tpi oi TvXaydpoi.. As ITiiXatos was an epithet ofHermes as warder of the gates of Hades (schol. Horn. II.

ii. 842, cf. TTvXrjSoKov Horn. H. Merc. 15) and the leader ofthe Pelasgians from Larissa was called Pylaeus (Horn. II.

I.e.), the exact significance of the epithet is somewhatdifficult.

'' Naucratis, town in Egypt, founded by the Milesians,

Strabo xvi. 801.« Dindymene = Cybele, from Mt. Dindymus in Phrygia, at

the foot of which lay Pessinus, the early centre of herworship, cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. Aiv8vfjt.a . . . d0' &v ALvSvfjt,r]vr] ij

'Via, and Catull. Ixiii. 13 " Dindyraenae dominae."

163

CALLIMACHUS

7] ypTjvs yevofjLTjVf 97 vvv /covt?, 17 V [otXols

'EXevdovs] ^

TToXXcQV TTpoGTaGLT] viojv yvvaiKchv

.

Kai fioL T€KV* iyevovTO Su' âeva, AojTre/xucr'

€K€ivO)V 6

€vyiqpo}s ivL ;!^€/)atV* epwe )(aipo)V.

A.P. vii. 728.

XLII.

"H/xtcru /xeu ijjvx^s ert to rrveoVy ripnav S' ouac ot8'

etr' "Epos" etr' *Kihr]s 'qpiraGe, ttXtjv dâves".

^ pd T6V* es" TTalScov ttolXlv colx^to; /cat /xev oLTreLTTOv

TToXXaKL "rr)v Sprjcmv jjlt} VTroSex^crOe veoi.'*

OV TLS CrVvSKfyi^GOV' iK€LG€ yOLp 7] XlOoXeVGTOS 6

Keivi] Koi hvaepcxis otS* on ttov GTpiêrai,

A.P. xii. 73.

XLIII.2

Et pukv eKCov, Âpx'iv* , iTreKcofjuaaa, [xvpia /xe/x<ôi>,

el 8' aKCJV rJKO), ttjv TTpOTrereLav ea.

^ Supplement by Editor.2 This epigram was found on a wall in a house on the

Esquihne in Rome (Kafbel, Hemi. x. 1 ff.); cf. Kaibel, Ep.Gr. e lap. conlect. p. 502.

« Aulus Gellius, N.A. xix. 9, has preserved an imitation

of this by Q. Catulus :" Aufugit mi animus, credo, ut solet,

ad Theotimum Devenit. sic est : perfugium illud habet.Qui, si non interdixem, ne illunc fugitivum Mitteret ad se

intro, sed magis eiceret? Ibimus quaesitum. verum, neipsi teneamur, Formido. quid ago? da, Venus, consilium."

* Cf. A. P. xii. 166." The language of this epigram is that of the Stoic logic.

vpoir^reia, "rashness," is opposed to aTrpowTUjaia, cf. Diog. L.vii. 46 Tif)v T€ dtrpoTTTua-lau ^Tnarrifxrjv tov ttotc dei avyKaTaTiOeadai

164

EPIGRAMS

old woman who am now dust, I who in the travail

of Eleutho was the friend of many young wives. -

And two male children were born to me and in a

ripe old age I closed my eyes in their arms. Go thyway and farewell

!

XLII.«

Half of my soul still lives, but half I know notwhether Love or Death hath stolen : only it is

vanished.^ Has it gone again to where the boysare ? and yet I forbade them often :

'' O youths,

receive not the runaway!" There help me, someone, to search ; for there somewhere of a surety flits

that lovesick one, worthy to die by stoning.

XLHI.c

If of my free will, Archinus, I serenaded thee,

blame me ten thousand times ; but if I came unwill-

ingly, away with rashness! Wine and Love con-

Kal fii^ ; ibid. 48 diaTeipeiv 8k tt)v iv rais dTro(pd<Te(ri irpoir^Tciav

Koi eirl TO. yipd/xeva, ware els dKoa/uilav kuI eiKaioTTjTa rp^weadaiToi/s dyvfivdaTovs ^xoi'Tas rds (pavraaias. See von Arnira,Hermes, xxv. p. 475 i] /xiv dirpotrTwaia . . . &v€\ktou {cf.

elXKeif 1. 4) xapexo/xeyr] rats firj KaTaXrjTrTiKois {(pauTaaiai^).

For V. 6 cf. Propert. ii. 30. 24 "Hoc si crimen erit, crimenAmoriserit"; and in general c/. Propert. i. 3. 13 "et quamvisduplici correptum ardore inherent Hac Amor, hac Liber,durus uterque deus" ; Ovid, Amor. i. 6. 33 "Ergo Amor et

modicum circum mea tempora rinum," and ibid. v. 59 " Noxet Amor vinumque nihil moderabile suadent: Ilia pudorevacat. Liber Amorque metu." Cf. Kaibel, Hermes xxxi.

(1896). The last two lines of the epigram are quoted byPlutarch, De cohib. ira, 5.

165

CALLIMACHUS

"AKpyjTog Kal "E/dojs" />t.* rjydyKacrav, cSv o /Ltev avroiv

cIXkcv, 6 8* ou/c eta rrjv TrpOTTereiav edv.^

iXdwv 8' ovK ipoTjora, rig -^ rlvos, aAA* icjylXrjGa 5

TTjV (pALTjV 6t TOUT €0"T aOt/CT^JLt , aOLKeO).

A.P. xii. 118; Cramer, ^wec. Par. iv. 384.

XLIV.

*'EA/cos' l^cuv o êlvos iXdv9av€V' cos" dvuqpov

TTvevfjua 8ta GrrjOicov (elSes;) dvrjydyero

,

TO rpLTOV rjVLK* €7nv€, rd Se poSa (jyvXXoôXevvra

rchvhpos 0.77-0 aTe(f)dvcjJv ^ Trdvr iyevovro ;â/xar

WTTTr]Tai jxeya hr^ re fid Salfiovag ovk aTTO pvcraov 5

etVa^co, (fxjopos 8' t;(vta <â)p efxadov.

A.P. xii. 134.

XLV.

"EoTt Tt vat Tov Hava K^Kpvjxpiivov y eoTt Tt ravrrj

rat jLta Aicovvcrov irvp vtto rfj gttoSltJ'

ov Oapaioj' purj 817 /xc TrepuTrXeKe. TToXXdKL Xr^dei

Tolxov VTrorpcjyajv r]avxios Trorafjuos'

T(X) Kal vvv SelSoLKa, Meveêve, /xt} /xe 7Tap€LGSvs 5

o^TOs 6 (nyepTTTjs ^ et? rov epojra ^dXrj .

A.P. xii. 139.

^ ad}(ppova dv/xbu ^x^"' A.P.2 dTTo <jTe<pa,vwv Athen. XV, 669 who quotes to. bk p6da . . .

XO.fJ-0.i ; d7r6 (TTOfx6.T03V A.P.^ 6 (Tiy^pTrrjs Bentley ; ocreLyapv-qs.

*» With this epigram cf. Asclepiades, A.P. xii. 135.* Cf. A.P. 135. 4 x^ (TipiyxOeis ovk i/xeve ar^cpavos.

" The sense seems to be that the poet, for whom the fire

166

\

EPIGRAMS

strained me ; whereof the one dragged me, the other

allowed me not to away with rashness. And when I

came, I did not shout thine or thy father's name,but kissed the doorpost. If this be wrong, then I

have done wrong.

XLIV.«

The stranger had a wound and we knew it not.

How painful a sigh, marked you ? he heaved whenhe drank his third cup, and the roses, shedding their

petals, fell from his garlands all upon the ground.^

He is badly burnt, by the gods, my guess is not

amiss—a thief myself I know the tracks of a thief.

XLV.«

There is something hidden, by Pan, there is, yes,

by Dionysus, some hidden fire beneath these ashes.**

No confidence have I : embrace me not. Oft-times

the quiet river undermines the wall unmarked. Sonow I fear, Menexenus, lest this fawning gypsy ^ slip

in and whelm me in love.

of love has burnt out, misdoubts that " still in the ashes live

the wonted fires," and so rejects the advances of a flatterer.

The language of v. 3 is curiously like Find, P. ii. 82 diairX^Kei.

o(j oi ixerix^ 6pd(reos.

^ Hor. Od. ii. 1. 7 "ignes suppositos cineri doloso."« ffLyepirrts Bentley from Hesych. aLy^pirr]s' XadpoSdKrrjs,

used of a dog which fawns only to bite. " Gypsy " mayrender the word, c/. Theocr. xv. 48.

167

CALLIMACHUS

XLVI.

** A7)(j)9riaeL, Trepiêvye^MeveKpares^^ elira Yiavrnxov

et/caSt, Koi Acolov rfj tlvl; rfj SeKarr)

'qXdev 6 ôv£ utt' dporpov Ikovglos. €v y ifMos

*EpiJ,7Js,

ed y ijJLos' ov Trapa ras clkogl puepiffyopieBa.

A.P. xii. 149.

XLVII.

'Q.S dyadav IloXv(f>apLOs dvevpero rav eVaotSav

TchpapLevcp' val Fav, ovk dp,adr)£ 6 K^VKXcoiff'

at Movorai rov epcora KariGXVCLi'VOVTLj ^lXl7T7T€-

rj TTavaKes Travratv (j)dppLaKOV d GOîa.

rovro, 8oK€(x}, xd Xipios ex^L pLovov eV rd TTOvqpd

rihyadov eKKOTrrei rdv îXoTvaiha vogov.

€g9^ dpuLV xdKaGrd g* ^ aêtSea ttottov "E/ocara*

" Tovriy TToX^ K€ipev rd irrepd TraihdpioVy

ouS' OGOV drrdpayov rv SeSoiKapues' oil ydp eTTCpSal

OLKOL TO) ;âAe7Ta> rpavpuaros dpL(f)6T€pai.^*

A.P. xii. 150.

^ X&KaaTci a' Editor : xd/cacrrds.

2 TovT etirai Kaibel.

" ndj'Tjytios = Macedonian Ildva/ios (Hoffmann, Die Make-donen, p. 103) was originally the 9th month of the Macedonianyear which began with the autumnal equinox and in whichthe months were: 1. Atos ; 2. 'ATreXXatos ; 3. Ki)8valo% •, 4.

Yleplrio^ ; 5. Aij(TTpoi ; 6. Eaj'5i/c6y ; 7. 'Aprefxia-ios ; 8. Aalcrios ;

9. Hdua/xos ; 10. Awtos ; 11. ropTrtaios ; 12. 'TirepêpeTdios.

168

10

EPIGRAMS

;XLVI

" Thou wilt be caught ! flee and save thyself,

Menecrates!" said I on the 20th of Panemos,<» and onLoios the—what?— the 10th, the ox came to the

plough unbidden. Well done, my Hermes,^ well

done ! with the twenty days' interval I find no fault.

XLVII.''

How excellent was the charm ^ that Polyphemusdiscovered for the lover. By Earth, the Cyclops

was no fool ! The Muses, O Philippus, reduce * the

swollen wound of love. Surely the poet's skill is

sovereign remedy for all ill. Methinks hunger, too,

hath this good and this alone in regard to evil : it

drives away the disease of love. We have bothremedies against thee, remorseless Love :

" There,

boy ; have thy wings cut, little boy ! We fear thee

not a jot ; for we have in store both charms for thycruel hurt."

Paneraos occurs in the calendar of Boeotia, Corinth,Ephesus, etc., and Loios (Homoloios in Thessaly) is also

widely found. In the Alexandrian calendar in the time ofthe Ptolemies Panemos = June, Loios = July, approximately.

6 God of luck." For the love of Polyphemus see Theocr. xi. The ms.

reading in v. 7 seems merely to need right punctuation, <r{e)

and'E/owra being in apposition and ^Kacrra being loosely usedfor e/cdrepa.

-^ The Muse.« Cf. Aesch. P. V. 380.

169

CALLIMACHUS

XLVIII.

Trjv olXltjv EuSt^/xos", i(f>^ "^S"^ oAa Xltov eTriadoiv

X^LfJbcbvag fieydXovs €î(f>vy€v havecDVy

drJKe deoZs Sa/xo^/ooft Xeyojv on r-qvSe /car' evx^^*

c5 Aaot, Gojdels i^ dXos oJS' eOero.

A.P. vi. 301.

XLIX.

^VfJLa6Lr)V 7jT€LTO SiBoVS €fJL€ St/XOS" O MtKKOV^

v<f>' ^5 Bentley ; d<p' ijs Blomfield,

« With this epigram should be compared the inscription

foundat Kuft in 1883, now in the Cairo museum (Dittenberger,Orient. Crraec. Inscr. Select. No. 69) : ©eots /jLeydXois Za/xodp^î.

'AvoWtbyios ûcn^Lov Qrjpaios rjyefiCjp tQ}v ^fw rdêwv audels iyfieydXu/u kivSvvuip iKirXeOcras iK Trjs 'Epvdpds 6a\dcrar}s evxrjp.

The epigram is a series of puns, based on the ambiguoussense of aAs as meaning either "sea" or "salt." As thesailor saved from the sea and its storms would dedicatean offering—a model perhaps of his ship—to the gods ofSamothrace, so Eudemos, having escaped the storms of debtby frugal living, dedicates his salt-cellar because he is savedfrom salt.

^ The Cabeiri, Herodot. ii. 31, Their worship reachedits highest point under the Diadochi, when Samothracebecame an asylum, e.g. for Arsinoe Philadelphos, for Perseusof Macedon (Gnaeus Octavius irpoaopfiiadfjiepos t^ HaixodpaKri

TT}v [xkp davXiap irapeXx^ t<? Ile/xreZ did toi)s 6eo6s, Plut. Aemil.26). Juv. iii. 144 " iures licet et Samothracum Et nostrorumaras. " Hence " pii Samothraces," Statins, A. i. 832. As godswho protected sailors, Apoll. Rh. i. 915 ff., Theophr. Char. 25,

Diodor. iv. 43. 1.

" (1) Bentley 's idea that v. 4 referred to the letter T, whichPythagoras of Samos is said to have used to denote thedivergence of the paths of virtue and vice (Persius, Sat.

iii. 56), and that the mask of Dionysus was set up beside arepresentation of that letter in a boys' school, has long beenexploded.

170

EPIGRAMS

XLVIII.<*

The salt-cellar, whereon, by eating frugal salt

for relish, he escaped the mighty storms of debt,

Eudemus dedicated to the gods of Samothrace,^saying. According to my vow, O people, saved fromsalt, I dedicated this here.

XLIX.«

Simus, son of Miccus, offered me to the Muses,

(2) Since Bernhardy (1822) compared Aelian, N.A. vii. 48and Plin. N.H. viii. 58, it has been seen that the reference is

to the Saraian d^ibwao^ Kexv^<^^ or Gaping Dionysus, Pliny,who gives the fuller account, says that one Elpis of Samoslanded in Africa and near the shore he saw a lion gapingthreateningly {hiatu minaci). Elpis got up a tree, mean-while invoking father Liber (i.e. Dionysus). The lion madeno attempt to pursue, but lay down before the tree andseemed to soUcit pity. Elpis then discovered that thethreatening gape was due to a bone which had got stuck in

the beast's jaws and that the poor animal was perishing ofhunger. At last he ventured to descend from the tree

and remove the bone. The lion showed its gratitude bysupplying him with game during his stay on the shore. Forwhich cause Elpis consecrated a temple in Samos to fatherLiber, which from that circumstance the Greeks called thetemple of Kexv^^^ ALdwaos. The epigram is now interpretedto mean that a schoolboy, in fulfilment of a vow, set up -in

the school a mask or bust of Aiouvaos Kexnvi^s, in which his

gape was so exaggerated, either intentionally (Bergk) orthrough lack of skill on the part of the artist—"the besthe could make or pay for" (Kaibel)—as to be "twice thatof the Samian A, «:." Here Dionysus listens to the boysrepeating ad nauseam lepbs 6 7r\6/cayaoj— i.e. reading theBacchae of Euripides, the quotation {Bacch. 494) being usedto denote the play as we might use " Arma virumque " to

indicate the Aeneid.

(3) G. Kaibel in Hermes xxxi. (1896) disputes the use of6veLap for tveipov. Comparing (with Benndorf) the similar

171

CALLIMACHUS

rat? Moucrats" at Se TXavKos okojs eSoaav

avT oXiyov {jueya Scjpov. iyoj S* dva rfjSe ^ Kexiqvcjs

K€LfJiaL Tov SajLttou SlttXoov 6 TpayiKos

-TTaiSaplajv Alovvgos imjKOOs' ol Sc Xiyovaiv" lepos 6 TrXoKaixos " rovjjiov oveiap ifjuoL

A.P. vi. 310.

L.

T^S" ^AyopdvaKTog pue Aeye, fcVe, KOipuKov ovtcjs

dyKeladai vuKTjg pudpTVpa tov *PoStou

Ildpicf)LXov, ovx €v' ^ epcoTL SeSaypuevoVy TJpiLcrv S' ott-ttJ

lorxdSt Kal Xv^yoL^ "IcrtSos" €t3o/x,€i^o^'.

^.P. vi. 311.

LI.

Trjv ^pvylrjv Ataxprjv, dyadov ydXa, Trdaiv iv

€(t9Xol9

^ rripde ; corr. Bergk. ^ q^^ ^^ . corr. Editor.

epigram of Asclepiades in A.P. vi. 308, of which the last

distich is /cd/i^ x<*P"' Movaais tov KtafiiKov (S5e XdpriTa\irpeff^vrrjv

0opv^({} drjKaTo waLdapiuv, he emends X.dpiqTa to xap^jra andthus makes the "comic old man" enjoy the din of theschool. He thus reaches the conclusion that 6veiap hashere its ordinary epic sense. Dionysus says he finds his

"gleasure" in the recitation of the line, whether it be in

the Bacchae as a whole or the particular scene from whichthe Une is taken or in the fact that the boys have still toread the play.

(4) But in answer to Kaibel it has to be said : (1) The useof Sj/eta/) = dream is sufficiently attested by A.P. vii. 42. 1

where it is probably intended to be a quotation of Suid. s.v.

6v€i.ap, Eustath. Hom. Od. 1877. 64, etc. (3) If dveiap means" pleasure " there is no point in Toiifj-ou . . . ifj-oL The poetmust have written ifxou (or Tovfxov) or ifioi but not both. Onthe other hand the combination Tovfxbv . . . i/xoi is an essentialthing in the proverb; thus Plato, Rep. 563d, Callim. Ep.

172

EPIGRAMS

praying for ease of learning. And they, like Glaucus"

gave him a great gift for a small. And here I amset, gaping twice as widely as the Samian (Dionysus),

the tragic Dionysus, hearkening to children as they

say "Sacred is the lock of hair," ^ repeating "myown dream to me."

L.

Say, Stranger, that I am set up as a witness of the

victory of Agoranax of Rhodes, a comic witness"

indeed—Pamphilus, not a single love-worn face buthalf of it like roasted figs and the lamps of Isis.

Phrygian Aeschra, his good nurse, so long as she

34. 2, Suid. s.v. iiirap, Cic. Ad Attic, vi. 9. 3. (3) But thelast objection is decisive. It is universally assumed thatthe mask is a mask of a ^l6vv(to% kcxv^'^s. But that wouldbe utterly out of place, and we are expressly told it was6 rpayLKos Al6vv(to$. The mask was an ordinary mask ofDionysus. What is meant is that he is so weary of the" damnable iteration " (Shakespeare) of the schoolroom that

he yawns more widely than the Gaping Dionysus himself.

It is needless to illustrate this use of Kexnva (Latin oscito) to

express boredom, e.g. Aristoph. Ach. 30.

« Hom. II. vi. 234 ff. where Glaucus "exchanged armourwith Diomedes, golden armour for armour of bronze, theprice of a hundred oxen for the price of nine."

* Eurip. Bacch.'^ For the proverbial " comic witness "

cf. Cic. Ad famil.ii. 13 " mea vero officia ei non defuisse tu es testis, cui iamKUfjLiKbs ixdprvs, ut opinor, accedit Phania.

"

Pamphilus appears as a character in the Andria andHecyra of Terence ; Pamphila in Menander, Epitrep. 508 f.

and in Terence, Eunuchus and Adelphi.For the mask with double face cf. Pollux iv. 141,

Quintilian xi. 3. 74.

^ Very similar to this is ^.P. vii. 663.

173

CALLIMACHUS

Mlkko9 /cat ^coTjv ovaav iyrjpoKOjjLeL

Kol (f)dLfJi€V7]V dvedrjKCV i7T€(T<jofJL€VOLGLV opdaOai,

Tj yprjvs fiaorrcbv (hs anex'^^ pâptTa?.

A.P. vii. 458.

LII.

Teaaapes at ^dpires' ttotI yap fxia rats rpial rrivais

dpn TToreTrXdadr) ktJtl /jivpoLGL voreX.

€vaicx)V iv iraaLV dpiâXos Be/oevt/ca,

as drep ouS' avrat rat ^dpires Xaptre?.

A.P. V. 145.

LIII.

Tov TO KaXov fieXavevvra QeoKptroVy el fiev €/x'

exdei,

rerpdKL ixlctolt]?, et 8e <f)LXeZ, îXioLS'

vaixl TTpos evxoLiTeo) Tavvfi'qSeos, ovpdvie Zeu,

Acat cru TTOT rjpdGdrjs—ovKen fJuaKpd Xdyoj.

A.P. xii. 230.

LIV.

Kat ndXiv, ISilX'Ôvta, AvKaivlSos iXde KoXevcrqs

evXoxos (hhivojv coSe ovv evroKLTj,

(hs ToSe vvv fxev, dvaocra, Koprjg VTrep, dvrl Se TraiSos

varepov evcjSrjs dXXo tl vtjos e;ôt.

A.P. vi. 146.

" Berenice, daughter of Magas of Cyrene, and Apame

;

she is the wife of Ptolemy III. Euergetes and the heroineof the Rape of the Lock (Bc/scj/i/ct/s irXdKa/uLos). Cf. Wil.-Moell. Die Textgeschichie d. gr. Bukoliker, p. 52 f.

^ Theocr. xvii. 57.

" That the Theocritus of this epigram is the poet of the

174

EPIGRAMS

lived, Miccus cared for in her old age with all goodthings, and when she died, he set up her statue for

future generations to see, so that the old woman hasreceived thanks for her nursing breasts.

LII.

Four are the Graces ; for beside those three

another has been fashioned lately and is yet wetwith perfume. Happy Berenice * and resplendent ^

among all—without whom even the Graces them-selves are not Graces.

LIII.

If Theocritus <= with finely darkening cheek hates

me, four times as much mayst thou hate him, or

if he loves me, love. Yea, by Ganymede of the

fair locks, O Zeus in heaven, thou too hast loved. '^

I say no more.

LIV.

Even so again, Eilethyia, come thou when Lycaenis

calls, to bless her pains with easy birth ; so maythy fragrant shrine have, as now this offering for

a girl, some other offering hereafter for a boy.

Idylls is supported by what seem to be echoes of his poetry.

(1) The adverbial use of to Ka\6v is rare in pre-Christian

times, but occurs in Theocritus iii, 3 and 18, cf. Herod, i.

54, A. P. vii. 219, ps.-Lucian, Amor. iii. 26. (2) v. 4 is anecho of Theocr. Idyl. viii. 59 f. tD Trdrep Sj Zed,

|oi) fjidpos

rifjda-dTjV Kai rii yvvaiKO(f>i\a$. Further /xeAai'eO/'Ta would implythat Theocritus was still young when he wrote Idylls iii.

and viii. and made the acquaintance of CaUiraachus.a Cf, A,P, v. 166.

175

CALLIMACHUS

LV.

To x/>eo? (1)9 d7T€X€L9, *AaKXr]7n€, TO TTpo yvvaiKos

ArjixoSiKTjs ÂKeaojv co<f)€.Xev eufa/xevos",

yLV(x)GK€LV' T]v S* dpa Xadj], <77-aAt> /cat jjllv diTaLTfjs,

<f)r]al TTape^cadai ijuaprvpl-qv 6 Triva^.

A.P. vi. 147.

LVI.

To) jU,€ JâVCDTTLTa KaAAtWtOV CLKOGL jJLVât^

ttXovglov d Kptrtou Xv)(yov edrjKe Oecp

evâfxeva irepl TratSo? ÂTreAAtSos" is S' e/xd <f)eyy7i

dOprjaas (f>da€LS " "^Girepe ttcos eireaes ;"

*A.P. vi. 148.

LVII.

OTycjtv o /xc CTTTâas" EuatVcro? (ou yap eycjjye

ycvwGKOj) VLKr]£ dvTL /x€ rrls iSirjg

dyK€LGdai xdXK€iov dXeKropa TvvSapiSrjGi*

TTLcrrevctj âlSpov TratSt OtAofep'tSeco.

A.P. vi. 149.

LVIII.

*lvax^y)S €aTrjK€v iv "latSo? i] OaAeco Trats"

Ato-;)(uAts' Et/jT^vT^s" fJLTjrpos VTTOGX^dirj

.

A.P. vi. 150.

LIX.

Tis, îvos c5 vavrjye; Aeovrixog ivddSe vcKpov

« i.e. Sarapis, cf. Paus. ii. 4. 6 8tjo {Tefiivrj) Zapd-mSos, iu

}âvibpi{} KaXovfM^vov t6 erepov.

* Identified here, as often, with lo, daughter of Inachus.

176

EPIGRAMS

LV.

Know, Asclepius, that thou hast received the debtwhich Aceson owed thee by his vow for his wife

Demodice. But if thou dost forget and demandpayment again, the tablet says it will bear witness.

LVI.

To the god* of Canopus did Callistion, daughterof Critias, dedicate me—a lamp enriched with twentynozzles : a vow for her child Apellis. Looking onmy light thou wilt say, ^^ Hesperus, how art thoufallen?"

LVII.

Evaenetus, who set me up, says—for I know not—that in return for a victory of his I am offered—

a

bronze cock—to the Tyndaridae : I believe theson of Phaedrus, son of Philoxenides.

LVIII.

In the temple of Isis,^ daughter of Inachus, is

set the statue of Aeschylis, daughter of Thales, in

fulfilment of the vow of her mother, Eirene.

LIX.

Who art thou, O shipwrecked stranger ?

"

Leontichus found thee here a corpse upon the

So she is called Inachis, Ovid, M. ix. 686, Propert. ii. 24.

4, etc." For the order of words cf. Hes. Sh. 78; A.P. vi.

267. 1.

N 177

CALLIMACHUS

€vp€V eV atytaAoi;, x^^^ ^^ rtoSe Tdcfxi)

haKpvcras eTTLKrjpov iov îov ovhk yap avros

rjavxov, aWvcrj S* tcra daXaaaoTropel.

A.P. vii. 277.

LX.

EuSatjLtcav OTL rdXXa /xavcts" aJ/Dxatos' Ôpiaras

AevKapera rav fxav ovk ifxdvT) pLaviav

ovS' e'Aa^' iêraaiv rcu Ocu/ceos" art? iXeyx^L

Tov (jiiXov dXX at XW ^/octju,' eStSaê julovov,

"^ rdxo, Aca rov iraipov aTrcuAecre rovro TToijaas—Krjyw Tws TToAAcos" ovKer €;(60 IIuAaSas'.

^.P. xi. 362.

LXI.

Omves" ÂXcLOLO TrapipTrere arrjfjLa Kt/xcovos",

tore TOV 'iTTTratou 7rat8a rrapcpxcfievoL.

'A.P. vii. 523.

LXII.

AtJ'te /cat crv yap SSe MeveKparcs ovk ivl ttovXv

rjaOa' ri ae, êtvwv Xcoare, Kareipydaaro

;

rj pa TO /cat Jêvravpov ; " o /i,ot TTenpajpLevos vttvos

rjXdeVy 6 Be rXrjfiojv olvos eêt 77/)oâcrtv."

^.P. vii. 725.

LXIII.

KvvdidSes 6apaeLT€, rd yap rod Kprjros 'E%€/x/xa

/cctrat iv Ôprvylr) roâ vap* ÂpripuBi,

« For the gull as typical of the seafarer cf. Callim. Aitiai. 1. 34; A.P. vii. 295. 2; Arat. Ph. 296.

* The reading and interpretation here given were proposedto Dr. Rouse and others (Prof. Henry Jackson, Wilamowitz,etc.) by the Editor in March 1913. Almost the same inter-

178

EPIGRAMS

beach, and covered thee in this tomb, with tears

for his own hazardous Hfe. For no quiet life is his

either, but restless as the gull <* he roams the sea.

LX.&

Happy was Orestes of old who, mad in all else,

yet was not mad with the madness of Leucaretas,nor tried the Phocian by the one test which provesthe friend ; nay, had he produced but one drama,soon would he by so doing have lost his comrade-even as I have no more my many Pyladae.

LXI.

Whosoever ye be who pass the tomb of Cimon of

Elis, know that ye pass the son of Hippaeus.

LXII.«

Menecrates of Aenus—for thou, it seems, wert

not to be here for long—what, best of friends, madean end of thee ? Was it that which was the undoingof the Centaur ? ^ " Twas the destined sleep that

came to me, but wretched wine has the blame."

LXIII.

Ye goats of Cynthus, be of good cheer ! for nowthe bow of Cretan Echemmas is laid up in Ortygia

in the temple of Artemis,—that bow wherewith he

pretation was given by Prof. G. A. Davies in Classical Rev. ,

May 1913, p. 91. " Similar is Athen. 436 d.'* Horn. Od. xxi. 295 olvos koL K^p'ravpou dyaKXvrbv EvpvTiuva

daaev.

179

CALLIMACHUS -

of? vfjbecov eK€VO}G€V opos fieya' vvv Se TreVaurat,

atyes", CTret GTTovhas rj 6cos elpydaaro.

A.P. vi. 121 ; vv. 1-2 Suidas s.v. Kwdiddes.

LXIV.

OvTOJS virvojaaiSf K^cjvcjttlov, (Ls ifjue 7tol€ls

KOLfxaordaL i/jvxpois rotcxSe Trapa TTpoOvpois,

ovTOJS VTTVCjaais, aSt/ccorarT^, (hs tov ipaaTrjv

KOLfXL^€Ls, iXeov 8' ouS* ovap rjvrlacTas.

yeiroves OLKrelpovcTi, crv 8* ov8* wap. rj ttoXlt) Se 5

avTiK avaiivquei ravrd ae irdvTa KOfir),

A.P. V. 23.

180

EPIGRAMS

made the great hill empty of you. But now hehath ceased, ye goats, since the goddess hath wroughta truce.

LXIV.«

So mayst thou sleep, Conopion, as thou makestthy lover lie by this cold porch ; so mayst thou sleep,

O most unkind, as thou makest thy lover lie ; but

pity thou hast not met even in a dream. The neigh-

bours pity, but thou not even in a dream. But the

grhy hair will presently remind thee of all these

things.*

« This is a irapaKXavaidvpov or Lament at the door of thebeloved, cf. Plut. Mor. 753 b rt's o^v 6 KuX^cap iari KWfxd^eLv

iirl dvpas, q.5eLv rb irapaKKavaidvpov, avabeiv rk eUbvia,

irayKparid^eiv irpbs roiis avTepaards ; ravra yap ipuriKd.6 Cf. A.P. v. 20; Hor. Od. iv. 10.

I

181

THE FRAGMENTSAITIA

Introduction

The Aitia was an elegiac poem in four books. Thetitle Aitia, i.e. Causes, corresponds to the Latin Origines,

the name of a work of M. Porcius Cato ('* Senex historias

scribere instituit. Earum sunt libri septem. Primuscontinet res gestas populi Romani, secundus et tertius

unde quaeque civitas orta sit Italica. Ob quam rem omnesOrigines videtur appellasse" C. Nepos, Cato iii.). It is

probable that Cato modelled his work upon the Aitia ofCallimachus. Among the writings which Suidas ascribes

to Callimachus is one On the wonderful and paradoxicalthings in the Peloponnesus and Italy. It cannot be acoincidence that Cato '' in iisdem exposuit quae in Italia

Hispaniisque aut fierent aut viderentur admiranda."Attempts, like that of O. Schneider, to reconstruct thedetailed plan of the work are rather futile. All that cansafely be said is that the Aitia treated in a series of elegiac

episodes all sorts of aetiological legends connected withGreek history, customs, and rites. The setting of thework was given in the form of a dream in which the poetimagined himself to be carried by the Muses from Libyato Helicon, where in answer to his questions they in-

structed him in all manner of legendary lore. The idea

is borrowed by the Roman Callimachus, Propertius iv. 3. 1^' Visus eram molli recubans Heliconis yi umbra," etc. ; cf.

iii. 26. 31 f. ^^Tu satius memorem Musis (Moyo-ais ixeixeX-qfihov)

imitere Philetam Et non inflati somnia Callimachi."

183

AITIA

Testimonia

1. Apollonius (Rhodius), A. P. xi. 275.

l^aXXifiaxos TO Kadapfiay to TraiyvioVy 6 ^vXlvos

VOVSi

atrLos 6 ypdi/jas Atrta K.aX\iixdxov

}

2. Diodorus, A.P. vii. 42.

*A fxeya BarrtaSao ao(f>ov TrcpLTTVcrrov oveiap,

•^ p ireov Kepdojv ovS* eXl^avros erjs.

Tola yap a/x/xtv €(j)7]vaSy ar ov irdpos dvepes

tSfJueVf

dfJL^L re ddavdrovg djxcjiL re rjfjLideovg,

€VT€ fJLLV €K At^WT^? dvaeipas els 'EAt/ccova

yjyayes iv /xeo-oats" HieplSeaGL (jyepcov

at Be ol elpofxivcp d/x^' (hyvylajv rjpwcov

AiTia Kal fJuaKdpojv elpov d/ActjSo/xcvat.

Vv. 1-2 Suidas s.v. qveiap.

3. Martial x. 4. 9 ff.

Non hie Centauros, non Gorgonas HarpyiasqueInvenies : hominem pagina nostra sapit.

^ KaXXt'yaaxos Bentley.»

« The punctuation and consequently the meaning of this

distich is wholly uncertain.

184

AITIA

Testimonies

1. Callimachus is the cause—the scapegoat^ thesport, the wooden mind—who wrote the Causes ofCallimachus.^

2. O greatly renowned Dream of the wise son of

Battos, surely thou wert of horn, not of ivory. ^ Forthou didst reveal to us such things as hitherto wemortals have not known, both about the immortalsand about the demigods, what time thou didst carry

him away from Libya to Helicon and didst take andset him in the midst of the Pierides. And they in

answer to his questions told him the Causes, bothtouching the primeval heroes and touching theblessed gods.

3. Here you will not find Centaurs nor Gorgonsand Harpies : our pages savour of humanity. But

* The reference is to the famous passage in Odysseyxix. 562 ff. where Penelope says: "Two Gates there be ofPhantom Dreams, these fashioned of horn and those ofivory. Now the Dreams which come through sawn ivorythey deceive (iXecpaipovrai) men with words without fulfil-

ment ; but those which come forth through the polishedhorns bring true fulfilment {Kpaluov<XL) for the mortal whobeholds them"; cf. Yerg. Aen. vi. 894 if., Hor. Od. iii. 27.

41, Stat. Sih. V. 3. 288. '

185

CALLIMACHUS

Sed non vis, Mamurra, tuos cognoscere moresNee te scire : legas Aetia Callimachi.

4. Clem. Alex. Strom, v. 511c ^v<j)opi,cov 6

7roL7]Tr]s Kal KaAAt/xa;)ôu 'Î^t? /cat ra Atrta /cat

rj A.vk6povos ÂXe^dvBpa /cat ra tovtols napa-TrXrjaia yvfivdaiov elg i^'qyrjGLV ypajjbfjLarLKWv

€/c/C€tTat TratcrtV.

5. Epigr. Anonym. Bern. v. 7.

/cat Tojv fJueyLcrrcov Altlcdv ttjv rerpdSa.

* Eiiphorion of Chalcis in Euboea, born 276 b.c, elegiac

and epic poet, some of whose poems were translated byCornelius Gallus. Cf. Verg. Eel. x. 50, Quintil. x. 1. 56.

His obscurity was notorious :" lUe vero nirais etiam ob-

scurus Euphorion," Cic. Be divin. ii. 64.* iraiaiu seems a certain correction of the ms. diraa-iv.

I. 1

Grenfell and Hunt, Oxyrhynchus Papyri xi. (1915)_, 1362,

cf. L. Malten, Hermes,\in. (1918), pp. 148-179. A. Korte,

"Zu attischen Dionysosfesten/' Rhein. Mus. Ixxi. (1916),

pp. 575-578. M. P, Nilsson, " Die Anthesterien und die

Aiora," Eranos, xv. (1916), pp. 181-200.

The identification of this fragment as the work of

Callimachus is established by the coincidences with extant

fragments, as noted below. From Athenaeus, xi. 477 c

KaXXt/ittxoJ 5' ioiKe Siafiaprdueiv ev tj/ avyx^^^^ "^^^ ovo/ndTOJv

\iyu3v iirl rod oIkgIov {'Ikiov Grenfell and Hunt) ^^vov rod

irapa t(^ 'Adrjvaiip II6XXt5i awecmad^vTos aiiri^' Kal yap 6

QprjiKirjv . . . to Tplrov (=frag. 109, vv. 11-12) and fromthe poem itself we gather that Callimachus was the guest

in Egypt of Pollis, an Athenian who liad settled in that

186

AITIA

you, Mamurra, do not wish to know your owncharacter nor to "know yourself" : you should readthe Akia of Callimachus.

4. The poet Euphorion/ the Ibis and the Aitia

of Callimachus, the Alexandra of Lycophron, andsimilar works are given as an exercise in exegesis

to the "sons of the grammarians." ^

5. And the Four Books " of the greatest Aitia.

The phrase " sons of the grammarians," as a sort of slangterm for " students," "scholars," occurs 'in Athenaeus359 D.

" What had been previously inferred from citations ofthe Aitia—that it was in four books—is now proved byOxyrhynchus Papyrus 1011 which contains the conclusion ofthe poem, followed by the inscription Ka\\L/xdxov [A^lrijuv 8.

country. In his new home PoUis scrupulously celebrated

the festivals of his native Athens. On this particular

occasion the festival celebrated was that of the Aiora,

which was instituted (Hygin. Astron. ii. 4) in connexionwith the epidemic of suicide among the women of Attica

after Erigone, daugliter of Icarius, hanged herself: "qualis

Marathonide silva Flebilis Erigone caesi prope funera

patris Questibus absumptis tristem iam solvere nodumCoeperat et fortes ramos moritura ligabat/' Stat. Th. xi.

644 if. ; cf. Silv. v. 3. 74 if. Among the guests of Pollis

was a merchant Theogenes from the little island of Icos

(Strabo 436), one of the Magnesian islands. Him Calli-

machus questions about the cult of Peleus in Icos and the

relations of that island with Thessaly.

187

CALLIMACHUS

Fr. 1, col. i.

rjws ovSe TTidoiyls^ iXdvdavcv ovB* ore SovXols

rjlJiap ÔpecrreioL ^ XevKov ^ dyovat, xês*

'I/captou /cat TratSos * dycuv eTrereiov dyiGTVV,

*At61glv olKTLaTTjy GOV <f>dos, ^Hpiyovrj

is SaLTTjv eKoXeacrev ofirjOeas, iv Se vv toIgi 5

^€LVOv OS 'A[l]yv7rra) Kaivos dv€arp€<f>€ro

pLefi^XcDKOJS lSlov tl Kara xp^^s' rjv Se yeveOXrjv

"Iklos,^ CO ^vvTjv etxov iyd) kXl<tl7]v

ovK CTTtra^/ dXX* alvos 'OfJLrjpLKos,'^ alev ofjuoLOV

(hs Oôs, OX) i/jevS'qs, is top ofxoiov dy€L. 10

^Kal yap 6 Sp7]LKi7]v pukv aTriarvye X'^vhov dpLvariv ®

^ Tjws iridoLyis^ i.e. the Pithoigia, first day of theAnthesteria. For ^ws=:day cf. Horn. Od. xix. 571, etc.

2 'Opiareioi. xês, the Feast of Pitchers, second day of theAnthesteria, which was celebrated on the 11th (Pithoigia),

12th (Choes), and 13th (Chytroi) of the month Anthesterion(Harpocr. s.v.). At the Choes it was the custom that eachguest should drink by himself: Kaddirep ev rois XovaiveixaxovvTai fikv yap Kar^ ibiav, Athen. vii. 276 c. The aetio-

logical legend was that, when the matricide Orestes cameto Athens during the celebration' of a public festival,

Demophon or Pandion, king of Athens, wishing to behospitable but unwilling for religious reasons that anunpurified murderer should eat and drink with others,

ordered a pitcher (xoPs) of wine to be given to each guestseparately. Hence was estabUshed the Choes or Feast ofPitchers (Athen. x. 4^7 c, Suid. s.v. xês, Eur. I.T. 947 ff.).

3 Soi^Xois . . . \evK6y, because on the day of the Choesslaves enjoyed great licence, Athen. x. 437 e. For similar

occasions of licence for slaves cf. id. iv. 139 f, 149 c, xiv. 639.^ 'iKaplov 7rai56s, i.e. Erigone, daughter of Icarius, Icarius

was an Athenian who was taught the knowledge of the vineby Dionysus. He was killed by some peasants to whomhe had given wine. His daughter Erigone or Aletis {i.e.

wanderer), guided by her dog Maera, found his grave onHymettus. In her grief she hanged herself on a tree overher father's grave. Erigone became the constellation Virgo,

188

AITIA

I. 1

Nor did the morn of the Broaching of the Jars

pass unheeded, nor that whereon the Pitchers of

Orestes bring a white day for slaves. And when hekept the yearly festival of Icarius' child, thy day,

Erigone, lady most sorrowful for Attic women, heinvited to a banquet his familiars, and among thema stranger who was newly visiting Egypt, whither

he had come on some private business. An Ician

he was by birth, and I shared one couch with him—not by appointment, but not false is the saw of

Homer that God ever brings like to like ; for he,

too, abhorred the wide-mouthed Thracian draught

her father became Arcturus or Bootes, Maera became Sirius.

Dionysus caused a plague of madness to fall upon theAthenian women, who hanged themselves as Erigone haddone. To end the plague the festival of the Aiora (" whichthey call Eudeipnos," E.M. s.v. a'ubpa) was founded. Asong sung on these occasions was called dX^ns, Athen. xiv.

618 E, Poll. iv. 55. Cf. Apollod. iii. 14. 7, and Hesych. s.vv.

alibpa and d\^Tis,'Aelian, N.A. vii. 28.^ Icos, an island off the coast of Thessalian Magnesia

(Strabo ix. 436) where Peleus died. Cf. A.P. vii. 2 Kevdei

/cat Q^Tidos yafx^Trjv i] jSpaxi^^wXos "I/cos. "Iki^) should be read- for Kv in schol. Pind. P. iii. 167, and schol. Eur. Tr. 1128,

and 'IkIov for olKeiov, Athen. xi. 477 c.

^ iTTCTo.^ : Callim. fr. 327 {E.M. s.v. itriTd^- TrapaKaXXifidxveiripprjfjLa, Hellad. Chrestom. ap. Phot. Bibl. p. 532. 36«

Bekker), Arat. 380, and now Iambi i. 239.^ alpos 'OfirjpLKds : Horn. Od. xvii. 218 ws alel rhv ofioiov dyei

debi (jjs TOP o/xolov.

8 ll-14= fr. 109, cited Acai 7(i/) . . . t6 rp^roj', Athen. xi. 477 c

av-qvaro . . . ^wpoiroTe'ip : 11-12 cited Athen. x. 442 f d-rricrTvye

. . . olvoirorelv, cf. Athen. xi. 781 d {olvoiroTeiv), Macrob. Sat.

V. 21. 12 dvTjvaTo . . . ^WpOTTOTetv.

9 dfivcTTip is the draught or custom of drinking AjULvarl or

IdTvevari,cf. Eur. Rh. 419, 438, Poll. vi. 25, Anacr. fr. 64,

Cratin. fr. 291, Epicharm. fr. 34, etc. There is no clear

case of a/Ai;o-Tts= drinking-cup.

189

CALLIMACHUS

olvoTToretVy oXiyco S' rjSero Kiaav^lo).^

T(h JJL€V iyo) raS' eAeâ irepLareixovTOs aXelaov ^

TO rpiroVy evr* iSdrjv ovvojia Koi yeveiqv'

^"^11 ixaX €7TOs Toh^ dXrjOes o r* ov jjlovov vSaros

alaav ^^

dAA* €Tt /cat XeaxrjS olvos ex^tv iOeXet,'

TTjv riix€Ls, ovK iv y[a]/> dpvGTripeaai'^ (fyopelrai

ou8e fjiiv els a[T€i'€ts"] 6(j>pvas olvoxocov

alrijaeLs 6p6a)[v] or* iXevdepos drpiiva^ oaivei,

^dXXa)fjL€V ;)âA€7ra> (jxipfxaKOV iv Tro/xart, 20

(devyeves, 6W[a] 8' ipbeio (T[e]êv Trdpa dvpuos

aKovaau

Ixdiveiy^ rdSe jjlol Xie]ôv [dvet/oo/xeVJoj*

MvpfiiSovajv eGGTJva'^ r[t irdrpLov u]/x/xt Gepeordai

UrjXea, kws "Ikco ivv[d rd ©ecro-aAtJ/cd,^

T€V 8' €V€K€V y'r]T€LOV^ t8 [. .]ur[. . . d]prov^^ exovaa 25

^ d\ly(i) Kiacrv^Lci} : all sorts of cups might be provided andthe guest took his choice (Lucian, Cronosolon 18). It wasusual to proceed from smaller cups to larger, Diog. L. i.

104 "EWrjves dpx6fji,evoL fih iv fj-iKpoTs irivovcn, irXrjcrdevTes 8^

iv ixeyiXoi^, Cic. In Verr. ii. 1. 6G "fit sermo inter eos et

invitatio ut Graeco more biberetur. hortatur hospes,poscunt maioribus poculis." But the use of small cups was -

regarded as characteristically Greek, Athen. xi, 432 e,

cf. Xen. Symp. ii. 26, Athen. xi. 461 if. For Thraciandrinking cf. Hor. C. i. 27. 1 ff.

^ Different modes of circulating the cup in Athen. xi.

463 6 5' 'Attlk6s iK [XLKpQiv iiriSiîay 6 8^ QcTToXiKbs iKirJifuiTa

TrpoTriveL 6't(^ hv ôvXoivrai fieydXa.' 15-16 : cited anonymously, Athen. i. 32 b, with a line

of Simonides (hence the three lines appear as Simonides fr.

88 in Bergk P.L.G.). fidX] Athen. ydp. dXX' irt] Athen.dXkd TL. Xiffxns] Xevxr}^ Athen. (except L).

* dpvarrjpea-cri : 6t(^ /jl^v otv 6 olvos dpijerai, apva-rrip, Poll,

vi. 19 ; cf. X. 75. With it the cup-bearers fill the individualcups from the Kparrjp.

190

AITIA

of wine and liked a little cup. To him I said^ as

the beaker was going round for the third time,

when I had learnt his name and lineage :" Verily

this is a true saying, that wine wants not only its

portion of water but also its portion of talk. So

—

for talk is not handed round in ladles, nor shalt thouhave to ask for it, looking to the haughty brows of

the cup-bearers, on a day when the free man fawnsupon the slave—let us, Theogenes, put talk in thecup to mend the tedious draught ; and what myheart yearns to hear from thee, do thou tell me in

answer to my question. Wherefore is it thetradition of thy country to worship Peleus, king of

the Myrmidons? What has Thessaly to do withIcos ? And why with a leek and . . . loaf does a

^ dr/j^pa = 8ov\ou. Et. Flor. p. 51 Miller drfx-qv 6

SoOXos" KaWi/xaxos (fr. 538), cf. E.M. S.vv. drfi-qv, aTjxives,

schol. Nicandr. Alex. 172 and 426. The form Arfievos

{cf. fr. 538) is recognized by Hesych. s.v. drfxevov . . .

oiK^T-nv, and Eustath. Od. 1750. 62 {Od. xiv. 63). Verbdrfieveiv, Nicandr. Alex. 172 ; noun dT/xevirj, Manetho vi. 59

;

A. P. ix. 764; and obscure adjective, drfi^fios, Nicandr.Alex. 178 and 426.

^ ixaivei : only here, = /xa»'9> "/. lxavd<T6{€)\ Herondasvii. 26.

7 Mvp/xidopuu e(r<x7jva = fr. 508 (Herodian. De monad, p. 17. 6

Dindorf) icariv. 6 oiKiarris, MvpfMiddvuu iffarjva, KaWtfxaxoi.8 e€(xaa\i}Kd E. Lobel, cf. fr. 372 {UT}\ei>s iv Ky {leg.

"Ikij}) Ty v-qcrt^ dri/x'^D'as Tbv ^lov oUrpCos Kai iiroid^vus dir^davev^

(is Kal KaXXiyuaxos fiaprvpei, schol. Pind. P. iii. 167), andschol. Eurip. Tr. 1128 Kal irpoaeKdeXv {sc. rbv IlrjXâ) did

Xeificopa TTJ <''I>/f<f) T^ prjacf) Kai êvLadivra virb lAoKwvbs tivos

"AâvTOS iK€? KaraXvaai rbu ^lov.

• yyjTeiov : Athen. 372 a mentions the leek at the Theoxeniain Delphi.

10 i5' [A\]i;r[t;' &']pTov Malten, cf Hesych. iWvris' irXaKovs

Tis ; cf €\\vTT]s, Cramer, Aneccl. Gr. ii. 44, and I.G. xii. 3.

330 iWOrap Kai dprov.

191

CALLIMACHUS

col. ii.

TJpcoos Ka[d]6Sov 7Ta[Xs^

€LOOT€S COS €V€7TOVlGL

KeLVrjV 7] 7T€pL (T7)V [

ovd* irepTjv eyvojKa- t[

ovara fjuvOeiaOai j8o[^ 30r[avr] ifieOev X€^avTo[s

T[pLG]fJLdKap,^ rj Travpojv o[A^tos' ecrcrt jLtera,

[vavTLJXirjs €t vrJLV €[x€L£ ^lov aAA* e/xoj alcjv

[KVfJLaGLV al]dvL7]s^ fxd[X\ov €G(x)Kiaaro

1 26 ff. The sense cannot be made out. xd^oSos maymean ' procession,' as in Herond. i. 56, so rip. Kdd., processionin honour of a hero.

2 po[v\eo] Wilaraowitz.

192

AITIA

girl ... at the procession in honour of the hero.^

As those who know say . . . that or about thine

. . . and I know no other. ..." When I hadsaid this [the stranger answered and said] :

" Thriceblessed, verily thou art happy as few are, if thouhast a life that is ignorant of sea-faring. But mylife is more at home among the waves than is the

sea-gull."

3 32-34 =fr. 111. 2-4, Stobaeus, Serm. lix. 10. 11. Thefirst line of fr. Ill, which Stobaeus I.e. cited separately, is

now shown to have no connexion with lines 2-4. dW ^/t6s

. . . eai^iKiaaTo is quotedj as by Callimachus in schol. Arat.294. vavTiXlrjo-iv ijv, Stobaeus ; Bentley corrected vavTt,\i7}s

8s PTJiv ; Nauck el for ds.

^ aldvirjs : the gull is the type of the seafarer ; Callim.

Ep. lix. aidvirj d' l<xa dakaffcoiropel, Aelian, Epp. Bust. 18^TTiKv/JLaTl^ei Kai \dpov ^lov ^ ; ef. Aratus 296.

I

193

1. 2

The subject of this fragment is the story of Linos.

According to Pausan. i. 43 Psamathe, daughter of

CrotopuSj king of Argos, became mother of Linos byApollo. In fear of her father she exposed the child whowas killed by her father's dogs. Apollo sent Poine to

punish the Argives. Poine carried away the children

from their mothers, until she was slain by Coroebus. Asecond plague came upon Argos, and Coroebus wentvoluntarily to Delphi to atone for the slaying of Poine.

The Pythia forbade him to return to Argos, and told himto take a tripod from the temple, and, wherever he should

let it fall, there to build a temple to Apollo and to dwell

there. He dropped the tripod near Geraneia in the

Megarid, where he founded the town of Tripodisci. Hisgrave was in the agora at Megara, cf. A. P. vii. 154.

Conon 19 (Phot. Bibl. p. 133 f. Bekker) gives a some-what different account, according to which Linos wasreared as his own child by the shepherd to whom he wasgiven. When he was torn to pieces by the dogs, the

secret of his birth became known to Crotopus, who con-demned his daughter to death. In anger Apollo sent a

plague upon Argos. When the Argives consulted theDelphic oracle tliey were told that they must propitiate

Psamathe and Linos. So they honoured them in otherways and sent women and maidens to lament (dprjve?u)

Linos. These mingling lamentations with prayers be-wailed the fate of Psamathe and Linos and themselves.Thus arose the Linos-song. " And they named a monthLamb-month ('Apvelos) because Linos had been reared withthe lambs (Apves) and they hold a sacrifice, ?ipd a Lamb-

194

AITIA

festival (iopri) apvis), on which day they kill any dogs thatthey find." Cf. Kvvo<f)6pTcv eopT-qv^ Athen. ill. 99 e andClearchus ap. Aelian, N.A. xii. 34 ev dk rats ijfi^pais ds

KoKodcTLv dpvT]i8as oi avrol, ia.v ktjojv is rrjv dyopav irapa^dXr},

dvaipovffiv avTov. As the plague did not cease, Crotopusin accordance with an oracle left Argos and founded acity in the Megarid which he called Tripodiscion andthere dwelt. CJ. Ovid, IMs, 573 ff. ; Stat. Theb. i. 562 ff.,

Silv. V. 5. 55.

195

CALLIMACHUS

Papyrus Rylands 13; cf. Wilam. Her7nes,x\vi. (I91 1),

471-3. Frag. 1 27 possibly belongs to the same context.

dpveXos Mdpvrj Sas"

/cat Qdve

rov fxev d^Kal Tov in [I pd^Bco fivOov vcfyaivofxevov 5

dvepes €

TrXayKTvv

r)V€K€s ae[tSa> 8£t8ey/xcj/os']

ovoe fxev a

vvp,(j)ris at 10

TTaihocjiOVO}

^K€v €77* 'A/) [yetov?]

•?! cr(f)€cjtjv

IJLTjrepas [i^€K€va)G€V iKovc/yiddev 8e Tidrjvai.^

OVX OVTO) 15

"Apyos ava»

yr]pdorK€L 8e yepcov kclvos iXacfyporepov,

KOVpoL rov cJ)lX€OV(jlv, iov Se fiLV Ota yovrja

X^f'pos €7r' oIk€L7]V dxpi'S dyovcTL dvprjv.

Stobaeus, Serm. cxv. ; cf. Lucian, Amor. 48,

ApoUon. De pron. p. 143 Bekker.

(177* oarXlyyojv alev aAet^a peei.

E.M. s.v. oarXiyyes, schol. Apoll. Rhod. i. 1297.

^ 5, 8= frag. 138, schol. Find. N. 2. 1 toi>5 paif/cfSodi oi

fih pa^dipdovs iTV/xoXoyovcn dia rb fiera pd^Sov SrfKovbri to.

'0/x-qpov ^TTTj die^i^vai. KaWL/xaxos ' Kal rbv itrl pd^Sq) fivdov

{>(f)aiv6fj.evop TjueKes deldu) deSeyfi&os (corr. Bentley) ; cf.

Eustath. Horn. II. p. 6. 18 KaXXiywdxv eiirbvTi rbv iiri pd§8(^

fivdou v(paiv6ix€vov.

196

AITIA

I. 2

[There is a month named] Arneios [after himand the days thereof are named] the Arneid days.

And [Linos] died [torn by dogs] : and his [untimelyfate as sung by minstrel] men and the wandering[of Crotopus . . .] I sing right on as I received it.

Nor [did Apollo remain unheeding for ever] of his

bride [of hapless fate, but to expiate a child's death]by the death of children [Poine, an avenger ofgrievous wrath] came against the Argives, who[leapt upon their homes] and taade empty-armedthe mothers and lightened the burden of the nurses.

Not so ... in Argos. . . .

I. 3 (11)

That man finds old age lighter whom boys love

and, as if he were their father, lead by the handunto his own door.

I. 4 (12)

And from his (Apollo's ?) locks unguent ever flows.

^ 14= frag. 424, Gramm. De barbarismo in Valckenaer'sAmmonius, p. 197 Tri$ bk KaKias /nipos iarl Kai rj aKvpoXoyia,

ws irapa tQ KaXXt/idxy eirl tuv airokoix^vwv prjiriiov firjripas

i^eKho}(Tav^ iKovcpiacrav d^ Tidrji^as. Greg. Cor. in Hermog.Hhet. Gr. vii. 1133 Walz irapa rep KaXXt/^dxtfj euptV/cerat iirl

rdv airoWvixivwv vrjirloju' iKovipladrjcrav Be Tidijvai. The read-ing in the text is Bergk's.

197

CALLIMACHUS

OLT] T€ TpLTOJVOS icjj^^vSaCTL 'AcT^tÔTttO.

Steph. Byz. s.v. 'AajSucrra.

rerpdevov Aafidaov TralSa TcXccrropLSyjv.

Is. Lydus, De mensihus, iv. 1, E.M. s.v. d<l>€VOS.

Schol. ADL //. viii. 48 rpta Se elaiv aKpcori^pLa

rrjs "ISrjs, Ae/crov, Tdpyapov, âXdKpr]. rovrov

IxvrjiJLOvevcL KaAAt/xa;)^;©? iv TTpcoro) Altlojv.

Schol. AD //. xiii. 66 Âdrjvd . . rovs AoKpovs'qvdyKacrev iirl ;)^tAta ^rr] eh "lAtoj^ e/c KXijpov

TrapOevovs iripureiv. rj taropta rrapd KaXXtfidxcp

iv a AItlojv,

Schol. A.P. vii. 154 Kopotpov, oS fJbifJLvrjraL KaA-XlfjLaxos iv a' Alrioyv.

Steph. Byz. s.v. TpiTTohioKOS . . . Kcjfjbrj rrjs

MeyapiSos . . . JâXXifxaxos 8' iv <a > Altlcov

ttoXlv avrrjv elvai <j>rj(n,

" Asbystian means African. Triton refers either toLake Tritonis, or more probably perhaps to the Nile ; cf.

Lycophron, Alexandra 376 AiyijirTLov Tplriavos 'eXKovres ttotSv,

Apoll. Rhod. iv. 269 7roTa/x6s TpLrivv. In Lycophr. 848 theNile is called peidpov 'Aa^varao.

^ The Locrian maiden-tribute, Lycophron 1141-1173.*'A plague having come on Locris through the assaultof Aias upon Cassandra, the god (Apollo) told themby an oracle that for a thousand years they must send

198

AITIA

I. 5 (13)

And as <she> by the waters of Ai^bystian"

Triton . , .

I. 6 (13a)

Telestorides, the four-year-old child of Damasus.

I. 7 (ISc)

There are three peaks of Ida, Lectum, Gargarum.Phalacra. The last Callimachus mentions in Aitia i,

I. 8 (13d)

Athena . . . compelled the Locrians for a space

of a thousand years to send to Ilios maidens^ selected

by lot. The story in Callimachus, Aitia i.

I. 9 (13e)

Coroebus, whom Callimachus mentions in Aitia i."

I. 10 (4)

Tripodiscus ... a village of the Megarid . . .

Callimachus calls it a city in Aitia iA

maidens every year to Troy for Athena. When theyarrived they were slain by the Trojans who met and stonedthem. Any who escaped made their way secretly to thetemple of Athena and became for the future her priestesses.

Those who were killed were burnt with fruitless and wildwood. Their bones were thrown into the sea from MountTraron at Troy and the Locrians sent others in their stead

"

(schol. Lycophr. 1141).<= This probably belongs to the Linos story, Ait. i. 2.

'^ See Ait. i. 3 (Introduction).

199

CALLIMACHUS

Kal yap iycj ra /juev oaaa KapTân ttj/jlos eSojKa

^-avâ avv cvoSfiocs d^pa Xltttj ^ Gr€<f)dvoLs,

drrvoa Trdvr iyevovro Trapaxprjpi' ' oaaa r ohovrcjv

evSodi v€Laip7]v t els dxdpLcrrov eSv,

Kal Tcjv ovSev epucLvev is avpLOV oaaa S' dKovals 5

elGedifirjv, ert jjlol jjLovva TrdpccrrL rdSc.

Stob. Flor. Ixxxi. 8.

rj fJLev deprdôvoa fxiya Tpv(f)Os *YipLt,ci)pov

darvpov elaavepaiv*

.

Et. Mag. s.v. darvpov.

a>S T€ Zeus ipdrtê rpLrjKomovs eviavrovs.

Schol. AD //. i. 609.

OVV€K€V olKT€Lp€lV olSc jJLOVr] TToXlCOV .

Schol. Soph. O.C. 258 KaXXlfjuaxos . . eV rep

TcAct TOV jS' TCOV AlTLOJV.

TdfJLfxeo) dvyaripos.

Schol. AD //. ix. 193.

Tzetzes, Lycophr. 869 to Spenavov irapd St/ceAots"

fay/cAov AcaAetrat. pLepbvrjraL Se Kal JâXXipuaxos

iv Sevrepo) AItlojv.

^ a^pa XiTTT] B ; aKpaKtirrj A ; dKpaXnrij S.

« Athena.* Hypsizorus, mountain in Chalcidice (Plin. N.H. iv. 36).<= The reference is to the iepb^ ydfxos or secret marriage

of Zeus and Hera, first mentioned in Iliad xiv. 294 ff.,

346 ff. ; cf. Theocrit. xv. 64, Callim. Ait. iii. 1. 4.

200

I

AITIA

11. 1 (106)

For whatsoever I bestowed in that hour upon myhead, the dehcate yellow unguents with the sweet-

smelling wreaths, all lost their fragrance straight-

way ; and whatsoever entered within my teeth andinto the ungrateful belly, thereof naught remaineduntil the morrow ; but what I laid within myhearing ears, these things alone still abide for me.

II. 2 (19)

And she * lifted the great fragment of Hypsizorus ^

and went up into the city.

II. 3 (20)

And how Zeus loved for three hundred years. '^

II. 4 (21)

Since she ^ alone among cities knows to pity.

II. 5 (21a)

The daughter ^ of Athamas.

II. 6 (22)

The sickle is called among the Sicilians zanclonJ

Callimachus mentions this in Aitia ii.

^ The city of Athens. Paus. i. 17. 1 "In the market-place of Athens ... is an altar of Pity to whom . . . aloneof the Hellenes the Athenians render honours."

^ Hella. The phrase is quoted to illustrate an lonicismwhereby "Athamas" becomes "Taramas."

•'' Thucyd. vi. 4 " The original name given to Sicily by theSicels was Zancle, from its sickle-shape . . . the Sicels call

the sickle zanclon."

201

CALLIMACHUS

Steph. Byz. frag. s.v. AcoSwvrj' (LvofiaaraL . . .,

(hs 'E7ra<^pdStTos' VTro/xiô^/xart^cov to j8' Atrlajv,

OLTTO Aa)8a)vrjs jLttas" rcbv ^ClKeaviScDV vvjjLcjycov.

AlyvTTTOs TTpoTTapoiBev iir* ivvda Kdp(j)€To Trolas'^

T7]V K€LVOV OaAa/at? Trpd^LV OLTTeTrXoLGaro

,

TTpcjTos inel rov ravpov iKatviaev og rov oXedpov

€vp€ rov iv ;\;aAAca» /cat Trvpl ytyvofjicvov

.

5

^ s.v. irda- . . . iroLOL (so E.M. accents, cf. s.v. poid' to, eis

dXTfjyovTa drjXvKd, el [xkv ti^ TrapaXriyeTai, TrapoÔfêrai., olov . . .

wda, ei 5^ rij oi dKpdoyyqt dÔverai olov . . . iroia) eariv 6

iviavrSs' KaXXi/xaxos ' Aiyvirroi . . . Trolas{it. 182 Schneid.); cf.

Suid. s.v. ttoLt]. Tzetz. Lycophr. 717 fii/MvrjraL toO âXripov Kal

KaWifiaxos Xiyuv ' ttjv eKeivov ^dXrjpos (sic) . . . direirXdcraTO (fr.

194 Schneid.). Schol. Pind. P. i. 185 Karaa-Kevdaai d^ avrbv

{sc. TOP Tov <l>aXapt5os ravpop) (f>acri UeplXaov kul irpwrov iv avT($

KaTaKarjvai. Kal KaXXifxaxos ' Trpdros . . . yiyvbixevov (fr. 119

Schneid.). Plutarch, Parall. xxxix. p. 315 n^piXXos . . .

Sd/xaXiv KaracTKevdcras x^-Xktjv ^8wKe t(^ âcnXel o>s B.v tovs îvovs

KaraKair} ^Qvra^ iv aiiry ' 6 8i /mdvcv t6t€ yevd/ievos dlKaios avrbv

iviâXev. idbKci di fivKrjdfibv dvaSidbvaL i] SdyuaXis. cos iv devTipip

Alrluiv (fr. 25 Schneid.).

« The combination of frags. 25, 119, 194, was first

made by Ruhnken ; frag. 182 was added by Porson. The

202

I

AITIA

II. 7 (24)

Dodona : it gets its name, according to Ep-aphroditus in his commentary on Aitia ii., fromDodona;, one of the Oceanid nymphs.

II. 8 (25) a

Egypt formerly suffered drought for nine seasons :

His conduct Phalaris imitated when he who inventedthe death by bronze and fire was the first to handsel

the bull.

story of Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum, and the brazenbull invented by Perillus is familiar to everyone. Calli-

machus represents Phalaris as imitating Busiris, king ofEgypt. The legend was that when Egypt had suffered

from drought for nine years, Thrasius of Cyprus, a seer,

told the king that the drought would cease if he wouldsacrifice a stranger every year to Zeus. Busiris took his

advice and began the series by sacrificing Thrasius himself.

Ovid, Ars amat. i. 647 If., follows Callimachus closely:

"Dicitur Aegyptos caruisse iuvantibus arva Imbribus atqueannos sicca fuisse novem. Cum Thrasius Busirin adit

raonstratque piari Hospitis effuso sanguine posse lovera.

Illi Busiris :' fies lovis hostia primus,' Inquit, ' et Aegypto

tu dabis hospes aquam.' Et Phalaris tauro violent! membraPerilli Torruit : infelix imbuit auctor opus. lustus uterquefuit, etc." Cf. Trist. iii. 11. 39 fF., especially 48 :

" Mugiet et

veri voxerit ilia bovis "{cf. Plutarch. I.e.) and 51 f. :

" ' poenaerairande repertor. Ipse tuum praesens imbue,' dixit, 'opus.'"

203

CALLIMACHUS

Apart from Callimachus our authorities for the story

ofAcontiusand Cydippe are first and foremostAristaenetus,Ep. i. 10, who closely follows Callimachus, Ovid, Heroides

20 and 21, Tristia iii. 10. 73 ff., Antoninus Liberalis i. wherethe story of Hermochares and Ctesylla is a duplicate of

that of Acontius and Cydippe, Plutarch, Aet. Graec. 27.

Briefly the story is this. Acontius, a handsome youthof Ceos, saw Cydippe with her nurse at the yearly festival

at Delos. Falling in love at sight, he followed her to

the temple of Artemis, where he threw in the way of

III. 1

A. S. Hunt, Ooeyrhynchus Papyn, vii. (1910), 1011.

A. Brinkraann, Rhein. Mus. Ixxii. (1918), p. 473 ff.

'qSrj Kal Kovpco irapBevos evvdaaro,^

redfJLLOv (hs cAceAeue irpovvpiîov ^ vttvov lavaat,

apaevi rrjv rdXiv^ naiSl gvv d/x(^tâAet.*

"Hprjv yap Kore âau — kvov, kvov, lgxô, AatSpe

dvfjue, av y' deiar) Kal rd irep ovx oglt]' 5

cjvao Kdp<6>* 'iv€K ov ri deijs tSes" Upd (f)pLKr7Js,

€$ dv iirel^ /cat rcov TJpvyes loropir^v.

rq TToXviSpelr] xâXeirov KaKov oans dKaprel^

1 1 fF. Cf. schol. Townl. Horn. //. xiv. 296 eb e{,vy)v

(f>oiTG)VTe (piXovs XrfOovTe roKrjas ' . . . Sib Kai fi^xP'- ^^^

inrdfjLVTjfxa (pvXdaaecrdai irapa Naî'ots Kal rbv diicpidaXij rrj rdXi

avyKaraTedelcrdai' &XXoi rbv Ala (paalv iv 'Lajxc^ Xddpa rCJv

yoviwv diawapdeveOcrai TTf]v "^pav 'odev "ZdfXLOL ^rjXcp ttjs OeoO

fivijaTevovTes rds Kdpas Xddpa avyKoifiiiovaiu, elra wapprjaia

Toifs ydfxovs d6ov(rtv.

2 irpovufKpiov only here.3 =Callira. fr. 210= schol. Soph. Antig. 629 raXts Xiyerai

204

AITIA

her attendant an apple inscribed with the words " 1

swear by Artemis to marry Acontius." The attendanthanded the apple to Cydippe who read the inscription and^realizing the oath by which she was unintentionally bindingherself, threw it away. The father of Cydippe arrangeda different marriage for his daughter ; but always whenthe time for the marriage arrived, Cydippe was seized bya mysterious illness. Three times this happened, but thefourth time the father went to Delphi to consult Apollo,and learnt that the whole mystery was due to the oath bywhich his daughter had unwittingly bound herself. Bythe advice of Apollo Cydippe's father fulfilled her vow

III. 1

And already the maid had been bedded with the

boy, even as ritual ordered that the bride should

sleep her prenuptial sleep viîth a male child bothwhose parents were alive. Yea, for they say that

once on a time Hera *—thou dog, thou dog, refrain,

my shameless soul ! thou wouldst sing of that whichit is not lawful to tell. It is a good thing for theethat thou hast not seen the rites of the dread goddess *

:

else wouldst thou have uttered their story too. Surely

much knowledge is a grievous thing for him who" Cf. Ait. ii. 3. , * The mysteries of Demeter.

Trap' AioXeOcrtJ' t] bvofxaadtlca (? /uLvrjaTevdeto'd) tlvi v{>fi<f>T].

KaWifjLaxoi' avrlKa (sic) tt]v rdXiv kt\.

^ TTats d/uL(f>ida\r}s is a boy or girl both of whose parents are*

aUve ; cf. Pollux iii. 40, etc. Herwerden, Lex. Graec, addsDittenberger, SylL^ 353. 20, 21.

^ The reading is due to A. E. Housman. The papyrushas eêvirreiv, but the first hand wrote tâveirei..

^ d/ca/)rer=dK/)aTet only here.

205

CALLIMACHUS

yXworar^s' cu? ireov iraZs oSe fxavXiv e;\;et.^

rja)Oi jxkv cfJieXXov iv vSarv dvfjLOV aîvêiv lo

ol ôes oêiav SepKOfxevoL SopiSa,

B€L€Xlv7]v rrjv 8' elXe KaKos x^^^^» ^^^^ ^^ vovgos,

alyas es ayptdSa^ ttjv aTroTrcfJUTOfjieda,^

tp€vS6fJL€VOL S' UprjV <l)7]lJLlÔfM€V^'

7] TOT* dvLypT)

TTjV KOVprjV 'A[t8]€CU fxdxpi'S €Trj^€ SofJLOJV. 15

Sevrepov iaropwvro rd /cAtcr/xta/ Sevrepov rj

eTTTOL rerapralcp pirjvas e/ca/xve TTVpi.

TO rpiTOV ifjLVTjuavTO ydfjLov KOTe, to rpirov avT\is

KvSltttttjv oXoos KpVfJLog icrwKLcraro.

rerparov [oJv/ceV' e/x€tve Trarrjp is AeA^tov'^ apa? 20

OoLôv 6 8' ivvvx'ôv^ rovT eiros rjvSdaaro'*' Âpre/jLiSos rfj Traill ydfiov âpvs opKos iviKXa,

AvySafJLiv oif yap ifjur] T7J<fjLos> cKrjSe Kdais,^

ot5S* iv 'A/xuAcAatoj 9p<v>ov^ eVAc/cev ouS' aTTO

Orjpris

€kXvI,€V TTorafJicp Xvfiara YlapdevLO), 25

^ Cf. the proverb fXTj vatdl jj-dxaipav, Paroem. Gr. Gaisford,

p. 77, etc.2 Of. Hesych. s.v. Kar alya.^ dyplas ' irapotfila Xeyofxivrj

els dyplas alyas Tpitreiv rds vbaovs, fidXiara d^ T7]v Updv. Suid.

s.v. Kar alyas dyplas, Paroem. Gr. Gaisford, p. 197 {ofiola t^

"'is KdpaKas"), Philostr. Her. p. 148.^ \//€v86fj.€voi . . (pTj/xlôfxev = Callim. fr. 276, i.e. schol.

Apoll. Rhod. i. 1019 rd fieydXa tQv iradCJv eiKp-rjfiuiS iepd /cat

KaXd <t)a/x€v . . . Kal tt]v XotfiiKTjp vbaov iepdv, ws Kal KaXXlfiaxos

'

yj/evddfievoi ktX.

. ^ KXia/xla only here. Brinkmann suggests accentingKXlfffxia ; cf. 6i(Tfj.ia, /ii^X'^t, X6xAtta, etc.

** Ae\0i</f>6j' ? Aristaenet. i. 10 rpirov ofxolcos ravra ffvfi-

/S^^Tjfce ry iraidl, 6 8^ Trarr)p rerdprrjv ovk dvijxeLve vbcov, dXX'

iirvdero rod IIu^ôu rls &pa dedv rbv ydp.ov ifiwodlêL rig Kbpy.

6 d^ 'AirbXXwv irdvra aracpws rbv iraripa 8idd(TK€i, rbv viov, rb

206

I

AITIA

controls not his tongue : verily this is a child witha knife.

In the morning the oxen were to tear their

hearts in the water/ seeing before them the keenblade. But in the afternoon an evil paleness seized

her : seized her the disease which we banish to the

goats of the wild and which we falsely call the holy

disease.* And then that ill sickness wasted the girl

even to the gates of death. A second time the

couches were spread : a second time the maid wassick for seven months with a quartan fever.'' Athird time they bethought them again of marriage

:

a third time a deadly chill settled on Cydippe. Afourth time her father abode it no more but set off

to Delphian Phoebus, who in the night spake andsaid. "A grievous oath by Artemis thwarts thychild's marriage. For my sister was not vexingLygdamis/ neither in Amyclae's shrine^ was she

weaving rushes, nor in the river Parthenius/ was she

washing her stains after the hunt : nay, she was at

« The oxen were to be bathed in the morning for theprenuptial sacrifice, but on the previous afternoon Cydippefell ill.

* Epilepsy. We possess a Hippocratean treatise on it.

"Plato, TimaeuSy 86 a, Hippocrat. passim^ " quartanafebris " PHn. N.H. vii. 166, etc.

^ Lygdamis, a king of the Cimmerians who burnt thetemple of Artemis at Ephesus, circ. 670 b.c.

« Paus. iii. 18. 9.

/River in Pontus, haunt of Artemis, Steph. Byz. s.v.^

ApoU. Rhod. ii. 938.

fiTJXou, Tov dpKOVy Kal TTJs 'AprifxiSos rhv Ovfibv ical wapaipel

dcLTTOv eijopKOv aTro<prjpat ttjv Kdprjv.

^ 4fjt,/j,6xi-ov ? cf. Hesych. s.v. evvvxtov Kp&rrreLs . . . rivh di

' The punctuation is due to Prof. A. Piatt. TTjfios Piatt

;

rrjpov Papyrus, ^ 6p0ov Hunt ; dplov Papyrus.

207

CALLIMACHUS

A[i]]Xa) 8' ijv iTTiSrjfxos, Âkovtlov ottttotc ar) Trals

wfJLOGev, ovK dXXoVf vvii<j)iov lîfxevai'

a[^Krip^v^^^ dAA* '^v /x' id€X<rj>s GVfJL(f>pdSiJLOva

ddddaL,

[Trajvra reXevT'qaeLS opKia dvyarepos.

dpyvpov ov {JLoXlpcp yap ^ Âkovtlov dXXd (l>a€Lva> 30

'qXeKTpov ^(pvoai <f>7]pLi ae /xtfe/xevat.

KoS/DetSr^s" (JV y' dvojdev 6 irevdepos, avrdp 6

Ketos'

yafx^pos ÂptaraLOv [Zi7]]v6s d(f)^ UpKeXjjv^'I/c/xtov, olcri /i€/x[')7]A€v €7r* ovpeos dpu^cLveaGLV ^

7Tprjvv€CV ;\;aA[€]7D7V Malpav dvepxofjievrjv, 35

alTeladaL to 8' dj^fia Trapal Atos", a> re OapLKOvol

TrXrjoraovraL Atveats" opTvyes iv^ vet/jcAats".^"

^ êds* avrdp 6 ^dôv e^T] rrdXtv, elpero 8* avrrjv

Kovp7]v, Tj 8* dv<a> TO)' TTctv eKdXvipcv eiTOS.

KTJV aV 0-0)9•^ O '^[^j XoLTTOVy

'

Ak6vtL€ , G€LO (JLCTcX-

deiv 40

^ axijpul', i.e. & ^K-fipvê. Callimachus affects such invertedorder.

2 dpy^pti) oi fx6\iôv yap'i Aristaenet. i. 10 "dXXws re,"

07;cri, " KvdiTnrrjp 'KkovtLip (XvvdirTOJv ov fioXi^dov Siv avp€7n.fiiêias

dpyvpif, dW eKar^pojdep 6 ydfios ârai. xp^<ôds."^ \7iri]vb% d(f)' te/)<^>wj' Housman ; . . . Tio(rafj.<pl'€poi}v [fi

apparently deleted) Papyrus.* iir' oOpeos dfi^wvea-aiv = frag. anon. 70 Schneider, i.e.

E.M. s.v. dfi^cov . . . \^yovTaL dk /cat 61 dpeivol koL vxpriKol rdwoi

dlov iir' . . . dfji^diPecrai.

^ irXriaoôvTaL . . . h = itnr\7)<T<TovTaL, cf. Hom. Od. xxii.

468 f. (is 5' 6t dv ^ Kixâi TavvaiirT^poL -qk irfKeiai\^pKe ivi-

irX-Zj^wai, t6 6' €<TT^Kri ivi ddfivq}, Oppian, Hal. iii. 117.

^ ve0Aats= nets. Hesych. v^<p€a ... /cat \iva^ drjpariKd.

Suid. vecpiXn] . . . elSos diKTvov drjpevTiKox). Arist. Birds, 194

fxd irayidas, fid ve(l>i\as, fid diKTva.

' dvd T(^ Brinkraann ; averus Papyrus.^ KTivava-ojs Papyrus. The punctuation is due to Schwister.

208

AITIA

home in Delos when thy child sware ^ that she wouldhave Acontius, none other, for her bridegi'oom. Butif thou wilt take me for thy adviser, thou wilt fulfil

all the oath of thy daughter even as she announced.^For I say that Acontius shall be no mingling of lead

with silver, but of electrum*' with shining gold.

Thou, the father of the bride, art sprung fromCodrus ^

: the Cean bridegroom springs from the

priests of Zeus Aristaeus " the Lord of Moisture

:

priests whose business it is upon the mountain-topsto assuage stern Maera-^ when she rises and to entreat

from Zeus the wind whereby many a quail is entangledin the linen mesh." So spake the god. And herfather went back to Naxos and questioned the maidenherself; and she revealed to him the whole matter.

And she was well again. For the rest, Acontius,

" Aristaenet. i. 10 says the inscription on the apple wasMa Tr]p "AprefMLv 'Akovt'h^ ya/jLov/xaL. Note that the ancientshabitually read aloud.

* The reading of the beginning ofthe line is quite uncertain." Not amber here, but the metallic alloy of gold and sUver.^ The last king of Athens.' Aristaeus, son of Apollo and Cyrene (Find. P. ix. 64 f.).

When Ceos was suffering from pestilence owing to the heatof the dogstar, Aristaeus went there and built an altar to

Zeus Icmaeus or Icmius, i.e. Zeus as god of Moisture, andestablished an annual sacrifice for him and Sirius on thehills of the island. Ever after Zeus caused the Etesianwinds to blow for forty days after the rise of Sirius. HenceAristaeus was worshipped in Ceos as Zeus Aristaeus (Apoll.

Rhod. ii. 516 ff. ; Nonnus v. 269 ff.).

•^ The hound of Erigone : as a star= Sirius (Hesych.S.V., Lycophron 334) or Procyon (Hygin. Astr. ii. 4, etc.).

For the phrase cf. Lucian, Lexiphan, 12 raijTT) wpocirea-dvTes 8

re Aafxaalas Kal t) yvvr] a&rov . . . iK^revov ^Xerjaai a(pds' r) 5k

avrUa iirivevce, /cat trws ^v. Hesych. s.v. irynjj ' . . . awos.

p 209

CALLIMACHUS

ecrrai rrjv ISl7]V es* AtowcrtaSa.

XT) deog €vopK€LTO ^ /cat -qXiKeg avrix iraiprjs

<fj>8ov^ vfi7]vaL0vs ovK dvaâXXofjidvovs

.

ov G€ SoKeo) rrjfjLovTOSy 'A/covrtc, vvktos eKetviqs

dvTL K€y rfj^ lJiirp7]S rjifjao rrapOevirjs, 45

ov a(f>vp6v 'I^t/cActov* eTnrpexov daraxveotGLV

owS* a KeA <at >vtT7ys' iKredrLCTTO MlStjs

hiâadaiy^ i/jrj(l)ov S' dv if^rjs iTTLfidprvpeg etev

OLTLves ov ;)(aA€770i; vijiSes eloL deov.

CK 8e ydfxov Keivoio fiey* ovvofxa /xeAAc veeadat' ^St) yap €0* vpLerepov (f)vXov ÂKovnaSai

TTOvXv TL /cat TTepiTLfxov ^ 'louAtSt vaierdovoiv

y

Kctc, Teov S' Tj/jLeXs Ifxepov e/cAuo/xev

Tovhe Trap" dpxîiov Sevo/AT^Scos" os <k>ot€ Trdaav

vrjaov ivl pLvrjfJLT] KarOero pLvdoXoyo), 55

dpxP'€vos (1)S^ vviJL(l)r)(n[v e]vat€TO KojpvKLrjac,

rds aTTo Ilapv7](Taov XXs iSicjê fxeyas.

iKeivovs T^v fiT] evopuCofjLev.

^ <t5>5oj' Wilamowitz; eidop Papyrus, cf. Aristaenet. i.

10 ivepyhv vfiivaiov Tjdof, ovk dvaâXXdfievov ^tc.

^ rrj Gilbert Murray ; t7?s Papyrus. Aristaenet. i. 10

has airavTa 8' odu S^tws ^padvveiv iboKci ti^ 'AkovtIcp, Kai oUre

ijfi^pav iKdv7i% ivofMicre fxaKporipav eopuKevai oCre vvktu ^paxvr^pavrijs vvKrbs iKelvqs, ^s ovk Slv -^XXdâro rbv MiSov XP^<^^^> o^^^

rbv TavToXov ttXovtov icroaTdcnov riyeiro t^ xSprj.

^ crcpvpov 'I(pLK\eiou — Callim. fr. 496, i.e. Cramer, Anecd.Oxon. iv. 3-29. 6 (Herodian ii. p. 861 Lentz) 5i6 Kai ixifi-

(povrai rhv TirivbdoTOV iweidrj rb dpvGsv iK K€(f>a\4cov KTrjriKbv

i\eye Kai rbv KaXXifMaxov "X^^P V Ilo\v5<_€yvK€iT] " Kai " acpvpbv

'I<piKXeiov." Schneider wrongly combined the two phrasesas one quotation.

210

AITIA

it will be her business to go with thee to her ownDionysias.^

So faith was kept with the goddess^ and her fellows

straightway sang their comrade's marriage hymn,deferred no longer. Then I deem, Acontius, that

for that night, wherein thou didst touch her maidengirdle, thou wouldst not have accepted either theankle of Iphicles ^ who ran upon the corn-ears northe possessions of Midas ^ of Celaenae. And myverdict would be attested by all who are not ignorant

of the stern god. And from that marriage a great

name was destined to arise. For, O Cean, your clan,

the Acontiadae, still dwell, numerous and honoured,at lulis.^ And this thy passion we heard from old

Xenomedes,* who once enshrined all the island in a

mythological history : beginning with the tale of howit was inhabited by the Corycian/ nymphs whom a

great lion drave from Parnassus : wherefore also they

* i.e. Naxos, Diodor. v. 52.^ Iphiclus or Iphicles, son of Phylacus, father of Podarces

and Protesilaus, was proverbial for his speed of foot. Hecoiild run over a cornfield without bending the ears (Hesiodfr. 143 ap. Eustath. 11. ii. 693, Nonnus xxviii. 284 f., etc.).

*= Midas of Celaenae in Phrygia, proverbial for his wealth.'^ In Ceos, birthplace of Siraonides and Bacchylides.* Xenomedes is cited by various grammarians, schol.

Aristoph. Lys. 448 ; schol. Townl. II. xvi. 328. Dion. Hal.De Thucyd. v. calls him 6 Xtos (read KeZos).

•''Nymphs of the Corycian cave on Parnassus, of. Ovid,Her. XX. 221 f. (Acontius to Cydippe) " Insula Coryciisquondam celeberrima nymphis Cingitur Aegaeo, nomineCea, mari."

^ Aristaenetus i. 10 has koI aij/xxj/rjcpoi iravres ifj.ol, Scroi

fiT] Kaddira^ tQv ^pwtlkCov dfiadels.

^ irepiTi/xov only here."^

ApX/iJi-evos COS. Cf. Hymn Artem. 4 and fr. 9*^.

211

CALLIMACHUS

ÎCSpovacrav rep /cat fjLiv c^T^/xtcrav, a>s re Kipco . .}

[•]o . . . 0va[']TO . . . a)K€€v iv Ka/auats"

[cSjs" Te fiLV ivvoLGcravTO reojv 'AAaAaftos" atet 60

"Levs €77-t oraXTTLyyajv Ipa ôrj Sex^rai

Ka/)€S' o/xou AcAcyecrcrt, fier^ ovvofia 8' aAAojSaAecjât

ÔLpov Acat MeAti]? tvts" €^57/ce Kecosr*

€V 8* u^ptv Odvarov re Kcpavviov, iv Se yoT^ras"

TeXxtvas puaKapcDV r* ovk dXeyovra decov 65

TÂca Arjp^covaKra yipcov iveOi^KaTo SeAT[otS',

/cat ypTjvv Ma/ceAcb pbrjrdpa Aeft^cT^s",

as pôvvas ore vrjaov dvirpeTTOV etveK dX[}^r[p7is

v^pios aGKrjdeis eXXnrov dddvaroi'

recraapas cos re TToXrjas 6 p,ev Tet;\;tc7cre Meya-K [X]r)s 70

KapOaiav, Xp <i; >(toi;? ^ 8* EuVyAos" rjpîdirjg

€VKp7]vov TTToXUdpov 'lovXlSos, avrdp 'A/cat . . .

HoLTjaaav Xaptrcov tSpvp,^ ^ ivirXoKap^wVi

darvpov "A^paoros 8e K<o>/[)7^ [o-]tov, €t7r€ 8e, Kete,

^vyKpadevT avrals 6$vv epcjra oeOev 75

TTpeor^vg irrjrvp,Lrj p,€pi€Xr)p,evos, evdev 6 7rat8os'

puvdos Is Tjpiereprjv e8pa/xe KaAAtOTTT^v.

ov yap rds ttoXlcov olKTjULas acrobat 'r^hrj-

eorn ye rito-atov Xr]v6s ottls tt . . . idrjv.

aAA' t . . vrjcr. Kpovrova S". 80

^ Kt/)w . . kt\. The reading is quite uncertain. Noconnexion is known between Ceos and any of the townscalled Caryae (in Laconia, Arcadia, and Lycia).

2 XP^t.<Tovs, apparently, Papyrus.2 XSpv/x. The reading is doubtful, the noun not being

found elsewhere with v short.

° Heraclid, Hepl iroXcTeiQv ix. (Mtiller, F.H.G. ii. p. 214)iKokelTo jxk 'TSpovaa i] vijaos' X^yovrai d^ olKTJaai 'i^vp.<pai irpbrepov

avTi/]V (po^-ZjcraPTOs d^ awras Xôutos els Kdpva-Tov dia^yjvai. 5t6

212

AITIA

called it Hydrussa^** and how . . . dwelt in Caryae.

And how they dwelt in it whose offerings Zeus of

the War-Cry^ evermore receives to the sound of

trumpets—Carians and Leleges together ; and howCeos, son of Phoebus and Melia^ caused it to take

another name. Withal the insolence and the light-

ning death and therewith the wizard Telchines ^ andDemonax, who foolishly regarded not the blessed

gods^ did the old man put in his tablets, and agedMacelo, mother of Dexithea, whom alone the death-

less gods left scatheless, what time for sinful insolence

they overturned the island. And how of its four

cities'* Megacles built Carthaea, and Eupylus, son of

the heroine Chryso, the fair-fountained city of lulis,

and Acae . . . Poeessa, seat of the fair-tressed

Charites, and how Aphrastus built the city of

Coresus. And blent therewith, O Cean, that old

man, lover of truth, told of thy fierce love : whencecame the maiden's story to my muse. For now I

shall not sing of the foundations of cities . . .

Kal OLKpoiT-fipLov T^s Kôj Aôjj' KoKeiTai. Kews 5' iK NauTrd/crou

diaâs (fKLae, Kal dw' avroO rai'iTrjv ihvbfjiaaav.

* Herodot. v. 119 says "the Carians alone of all peoplethat we know offer sacrifice to Zeus Stratios."

° Our chief authorities for the legend referred to here are

Pindar, Paeans, iv. 42 ff. , Bacchylides i. , Ovid, Ihis and scholia.

The story in outline is that the Telchines, mythical crafts-

men and wizards, provoked the wrath of the gods. So Zeusand Poseidon " sent the land and all the host of the people

into the depths of Tartarus " (Pind. I.e.), but spared Dexitheaand her sisters, daughters of Damon (here called Demonax),because they had entertained Zeus and Apollo. Macelo in

the Ibis scholia is called sister of Dexithea, not mother.Dexithea became mother of Euxantius by Minos of Crete.

See Jebb, Bacchylides, pp. 443 ff.

^ The names of the founders of the cities of the CeanteU'apolis are otherwise unknown. For the towns see

Steph. Byz. s.v.

213

CALLIMACHUS

fiefju^Xero 8' elarrv'qXaLS , oTnrore Kovpos loi

(fxjuXeov r)€ Xoerpov.

E.M. s.v. elaTTvqXT^s. That this belongs to the

Cydippe episode may be inferred from Aristaenet. i. 1

OL Se (fytXodedfjLOves rod kolXXovs et? ScSaaKaXov

TTpoXovra TrepieGKOTTOVv avvcjdovvres aXXriXovs.

TToXXol Kol îXiovres Âkovtlov rJKav epaê

OLVOTTOTai St/ccAas" c/c KvXiKCxiv Xdrayas.

Athenaeus xv. 668 b : cf. 668 e.

dypaSe rep Trdarjcriv €ttI TTpoxdvjiaLV ccôtra.

Schol. Soph. Antig. 80. Cf. Aristaenet. i. 10 /cat

€15" dypov inl Trdcrr] TTpo(j)dG€L rov Trarepa (j>€vycov

eôira.

dXX ivl 8rj (j>XoLOL(JL^ KeKOfJLfJLeva roaaa îpoire

ypd/Jifiara KvSliTTTrjv oaa* ipeovcn KaX'qv.

Schol. Aristoph. Ack. 144 IlSlov epacrrwv '^v to,

Tcov epajfjievcov ovopuara ypd<f)€iv ev rols roi-)(ois

ri SevSpOL£ ^ (f>vXXoLS ovrcos' 6 heZva KaXos' /cat

7ra/od KaAAt/xa;^^* dAA' ktX.; c/! Aristaenet. i. 10

eWc, CO SevSpa, Kal vovs vpuv yivoiro /cat (fxxjvij,

OTTCJS dveiTTOLre " KuStTTTn^ /caAiJ," rj yovv rooravra

^ (piXoioiai Bentley; ^^Woiai.

" E.M. .9.V. ela-TTuifiXrjs ... 6 vxb rod ^puiros elcnrveSfievos.

AaKedaifxdvios yap elairvelv (paaL rb epav. Cf. E.M. s.v. olittjs ;

schol. Theocr. xii. 13 eiairviXos 6 ipaa-Tijs, clittjs 6 ipwfiepos.

* Hesych. s.v. (puiXebv didaa-KaXe'Lov. Suid. s.v. âjXeov* to

TraL8€VTripioi'"Ici}U€s. Cf E.M. S.V. dwocpdbXcos and Polliix iv. 19and 41, ix, 41.

214

AITIA

III. 2(169)

And the youth attracted lovers^ whenever hewent to school ^ or barth.

III. 3 (102)

And many for love of Acontius when they drankthe wine poured from their cups upon the groundSicilian heel-taps. '^

III. 4 (26)

Wherefore upon every pretext^ he went to thecountry. Cf. Aristaenet. i. 10 and on every excusehe went to the country.

III. 5 (101)

But graven on your bark'' may ye bear such writing

as shall declare " Cydippe beautiful."

Schol. Aristoph. Ach. 1 ^^ : It was the peculiar

custom of lovers to write the names of the beloved

upon walls,, trees, leaves :" Beautiful So-and-so."

So inCallimachus: But etc.; c/'. Aristaenet. : Would,O trees, that you had understanding and voice, so

that you might say "Beautiful Cydippe" ; or might

" The reference is to the game of cottahos (see Diet, ofAnt. for various ways of playing it). It is said to be aSicilian invention, Athen. xv. 668.

^ Hesych. s.v. irpoxdyV: (TKrjxpL^, Trp6<pacrcs, Kal KaXvTrrpa,

Callim. Hymn vi. 74.

« For the custom of writing the name of the beloved upontrees cf. Theocr. 18. 4T, Verg. Ed. 10. 53, Propert. i. 18. 22,

Ovid, Her. 5. 21, etc.

215

CALLIMACHUS

Kara rcjv (J)Xol6jv iyKCKoXafifieva îpoire ypdfJL-

fiara ocra rrjv K.vSL7r7Tr)v iTrovofidaei KaXi^v.

Atpos" ^yo), ri Si croL roi^S* iTreOrjKa (f)6ôv;

Hesych. s.v. Xeipioevra. Probably from the

Cydippe episode^ cf. Aristaenet. i. 10 rt Se aoi

TOVTOV eTrrjyov rov <f>6ôv;

rcjs fi€V 6 M.vrjadpxî'OS €(l)rj êvos, JjSe avvaivoj.

Priscian, Inst. Gramm. ii. 12; cf. i. 11 and 30;Hephaestion i. 8.

E.M. s.v. Pp€<j)OS, TO veoyvov Traihiov. KvpCcog

CTTL dv9pa)7TOV. KaXXifiaxos iv rpiTO) rcov AItlojv

Kal iirl cFKVfxvov ridr^GLV.

IV.

In the restoration given it isiiassumed that the goddessinvoked is Aphrodite who is closely associated with theGraces. The "queen" of v. 2 is taken to, be Berenice,

wife of Ptolemy Euergetes^ who was the ^'^ fourth of theGraces/' Callimach. Ep. 52. "Apyju in v. 1 may he a veiled

allusion to the Syrian war. In v. 6 the allusion may be

to some lost passage of Hesiod in praise of Aphrodite.For other restorations see Hunt and Piatt, //. cc.

Hunt, Oxyrhynch. Pap. vii. (1910). A. Piatt, CI.

Qu. Jan. 1911. As the subscription in the papyrusshows, this is the conclusion of the fourth and last

book of the Aitia. The restoration here given is

merely experimental.

216

1

AITIA

at least carry, graven on your bark, words to call

Cydippe beautiful.

III. 6 (229)

Shameless me ! why did I set such fear uponthee ?

«

III. 7 (27)

As the guest of Mnesarchus * said, so I agree.

III. 8 (28)

Bpecfios, the newly born child;

properly of a

human being. Callimachus in Aitia iii. applies it

also to a whelp.

« Acontius expresses remorse for having exposed Cydippeto the anger of Artemis.

* The father of Pythagoras was called Mnesarchus, but thereference here is unknown.

217

CALLIMACHUS

"Aprjv^ or* ifiT] Movad 7r[od* lX]dcr€rat.

['q]7T0V Kal yâpiTiov [crv Ao;\;€UT]pta, fJuaXa^ S'

dvdcrcrqs

['^fi€]T€pr]s, ov G€ i/i€v8ov[vfJia)^ crroj/xart

irdvr dyaOrjv Kal irdvra r[€X]€(i<f)6pov etirelv

doiSos

Kelvos^ Tw Movorai ttoAAo, ve/JLOvrt ôtol 5

cruv fJLvOovs i^dXovro Trap* lxv[1']ov oêos lttttov

XaZp€y (Tvv €V€OTol 8'^PX^^ XajirepT).

XO'lpe, Zev, fieya Kal cru, crdco S' [oAo]v olkov

dvdKTCOVavrdp iyd> Movcriwv Treves' [e]7r€t/xt vofJLov.

Steph. Byz. s.v. AeiTTVids, Kcofirj SeaaaXias Trepl

Adpiaaav, ottov <f)aal rov *KiroXXajva SeLTTvrjaai

TTpcoTov ore eK rcjv TefiTreojv Kadapdels viri-

arpîfsev /cat rep TratSt rep SiaKOfjuLarfj rrjs ^dcfivqs

^ apiv Papyrus. The letter following Mouo-a is verydoubtful. Hunt takes it for r. We might read t{lv\

2 fxoia Hunt.^ xpevdovvfios with short antepenult does not seem to

occur, but cf. \pev86veipos. Cf. Hesych. xj/evdcbwinot dveipof

^l/€v8o\6yoi.

^ Hunt gives Keiucj}, but there are signs of correction.

The reference is to Hesiod whom the Muses visited, Hes.Theog. 22 f., Ovid, Fast. vi. 13. Cf. Fronto, Ep. ad Marc.1. 2 " Hesiodum pastorem . . . dormientem poetam ais

factum. At enim ego memini olim apud magistrum melegere :• ttol/j^vi /xrjXa v^/ulovtl trap ixviov o^ôs 'iirirov

\'HaioSip,

M.ova4ci}v efffMos 6t rjVTiaaev.^^

« Hippocrene, Hesiod, Th. 6, a spring on Helicon,feigned to have been caused by the hoof of Pegasus, thewinged horse of Bellerophon : hence called li-qyaah Kp-^vrj^

218

AITIA

IV. 1

. . . When some day my Muse shall propitiate War.Surely, O thou who didst assist at the birth of theGraces and who didst bring to birth my Queen, notwith lying lips did the minstrel call thee of perfect

excellence and of perfect fulfilment ; that minstrel

with whom as he herded many sheep the Musesheld converse beside the footprint of the swift

Horse." Hail to thee and do thou come withprosperous^ weal. Hail, greatly hail to thee also,

O Zeus ! do thou save all the house of our kings

!

and I will visit the haunt of the Muses on foot.*'

IV. 2 (32)

Deipnias, a village of Thessaly near Larissa, whereApollo is said to have dined first on his return fromTempe after purification.^ And it was the custom

Mosch. iii. 78 ; " Pegasis unda," Martial ix. 59 ; " fonscaballinus," Pers. Prol. 1.

'' XcjjLTeprj : the comparative is hardly to be rendered in

English. The phrase is a ritualistic one, e.g. we know fromextant tablets that a usual form of inquiry at the oracle at

Dodona was " A. asks . . . whether if he do so and so, it

will be for him Xdoiov /cat d/xetpov.'" The antique nature of theword is noticed by Lucian, Lexiphan. 21 rj 5' 6s Kal a.fj.Tjyiiry]

Koi \QaT€." Callimachus will henceforth devote himself to prose

writing.'^ After slaying the Python Apollo had to go into

banishment till he was purified of the murder. He wentto Tempe (Plut. Aet. Gr. 12) where he was purified byCarmanor of Crete (Paus. x. 7. 2). This was com-memorated by a solemn pilgrimage to Tempe every ninthyear when a branch of laurel was carried home by a boycalled daphnephoros.

219

CALLIMACHUS

eOos €lg TT^vSe rrapayevofidvo) ScLTrvetv KaAAt/Aa;ôs

rerdpro) *

AcLTTVLas evdev fxiv SetSexctrat.

Schol. Clem. Alex. Protrep. 35, Migne, Patrol. Gr.

viii. p. 124 TLfJudrai Se tls /cat âXrjpoZ Kara

Trpvfivav 'qpcDs] . . . 6 8e Kara TTpvfJLvas ripois

ÂvSpoyecos eariVy vlos MtVcoos", ovrojs ovofjuaadels

OTL Kara Trpvpivas rcbv vewv tSpvro, cos KaAAt/xa;^©?

iv S' Tojv AItlojv pLefJLVTjraL.

Harpocration s.v. "A/crta dycjv TraAatos" '^v (hs

SrjXov TTOtet KaAAt/xa;)^©? iv rep rrcpl dycovcov.

Cf. Suid. s.v. "A/crta, Bekker, Anecd. 373. 80. TheHepl dycx)V(x)v being otherwise unknown, this prob-

ably belongs to the Aitia.

Chronicon Paschale Hi., Migne, Patrol. Gr. xeii.

293 rov 8e Ittttlkov dywva 6 'EvuaAtos* appâoi

SiTTCoXoLS e<j)evpe, KaOcbs avveypdiparo KaAAt/xapôs"

. . . eV TOtS" A.lriois avrov.

Clem. Alex. Protrep. ii. p. 32, Migne, Patrol. Gr.

viii. 117 "Aprep.LV 'Ap/caSes" *AnayxopLevrjv KaXov-

fievr]v TTpoarpeTTOvrai, a>s (f)r]GL KaXXtpLaxos iv

AirLOIS.

» Paus. viii. 23. 6 " About a furlong from Caphyae(in Arcadia) is a place Condylea, where there is a groveand temple of Artemis — anciently called ' Artemis ofCondylea,' but they say her name was changed for the

220

»

AITIA

for the boy who brought the laurel to dine when hearrived at this village. Callimachus [y4?*/m] iv.

Whence Deipnias receives him.

IV. 3 (33 b)

A certain Hero -at -the -stern is honoured at

Phalerum] . . . this is Androgeos, son of Minos, so

named because he was set up on the sterns of ships,

as Callimachus tells in Aitia iv.

From Uncertain Books

The Actia was an ancient games' meeting, as

Callimachus shows in his work on Games.

The equestrian contest with two-horse cars wasinvented by Enyalios, as Callimachus has written

. . in the Aitia.

The Arcadians worship Artemis under the title

of Artemis Hung,* as Callimachus says in the Aitia.

following reason. Some children who were playing aboutthe temple—how many they do not say—found a rope,which they tied round the throat of the image of thegoddess, saying 'Artemis is being hung.' When thepeople of Caphyae found out what the children had done,they stoned them to death. Whereupon an epidemic ofmiscarriage attacked their women, until the Pythian

221

CALLIMACHUS

Schol. AD Horn. //. ii. 145 KaraireGovros Se

rod TTaihos ro VTroKeificvov iriXayos 'iKapiov

fjuerajvofjidadr) . . . laropeX . . . KaXXcfJuaxos iv

AItlols.

Probus on Vergil, Georg. iii. 19 Molorchi mentio

est apud Callimaehum in AItlojv libris.

Servius on Vergil, A. i. 408 Cur dextrae iungere

dextram Non datur] maiorum haec fuerat salutatio,

cuius rei to airiov, i.e. causam, Varro Callimaehum

sequutus exposuit, asserens omnem eorum honoremdextrarum constitisse virtute. Ob quam rem hac se

venerabantur corporis parte.

Schol. Ovid, Ibis 475 sacerdos Apollinis DeHiAnius fuit, ad quem quum venisset per noctemThasus a canibus laniatus est, unde nullus canis Delonaccedit auctore Callimacho.

priestess told them to bury the children and make yearlyofferings to them {ivayl^eiv avTo7s Kara ^ros), as they hadbeen put to death unjustly. The Caphyans carry out theinjunction of that oracle to this day and—what was also

enjoined in the oracle—they have ever since called thegoddess at Condylea ' Artemis Hung.'

"

" Icarus, son of Daedalus.* Molorchus (Molorcus), a peasant of Cleonae, who

entertained Heracles when he came to slay the Nemean lion.

The story is connected with the foundation of the Nemean

222

I

AITIA

4(5)

His boy <* having fallen, the underlying sea had its

name changed to the " Icarian " sea, as Callimachus

tells in the Aitia.

5(6)

Molorchus ^ is mentioned by Callimachus in theAitia.

6(8)

Why is it not granted me to join right hand to

right hand ?] This was our ancestors' manner of

salutation, the airiov of which Varro has explained,

following Callimachus, asserting that all their

honour lay in the strength of their right hands

;

wherefore they paid respect to one another withthat part of the body.

7(9)

Anius*' was priest of Apollo at Delos. Thasus,

visiting him at night, was torn by dogs ; hence nodog has access to Delos, according to Callimachus.

gafhes. In many respects it is a close parallel to the storyof Hecale and Theseus. Cf. Nonnus xvii. 52 ff. ; Steph.Byz. s.v. MoXop/ct'a; Stat. S. ill. 1. 29, iv. 6. 51, Th. iv. 160etc. ; Tibull. iv. 1 ; E. Maass, " Alexandrin. Fragm." in

Hermes xxiv. (1889), p. 520 flF.

" The reference of this to the Aitia is pure con-jecture. For Anius cf. schol. Lycophr. 580. Thasus washis son, Hygin. 247. A similar story of the exclusion ofhorses from the temple of Artemis on account of the deathof Hippolytos is said, by Servius on Verg. Aen. vii. 778, tohave been mentioned by Callimachus in the Aitia (fr. 7Schneider).

223

THE LOCK OF BERENICE

Our knowledge of this poem is derived mainly fromthe translation by Catullus, who in his 6oth poem tells

Ortalus that, his brother's death having made it impossible

for him to write poetry, he is sending him a translation

from Callimachus :

Sed tamen in tantis maeroribus, Ortale, mittoHaec expressa tibi carmina Battiadae.

The translation referred to may well be the 66th poem ofour editions, the Coma Berenices. We have small meansof judging whether the poem is a strict translation or

only a paraphrase.

Berenice was the daughter of Magas, King of Cyrene,who was a son of Berenice I., wife of Ptolemy I. Thoughlong betrothed to Ptolemy III., she does not appear to

have actually become his wife till after his accession to

the throne of Egypt (which was at latest in 246 b.c.) ;»c/".

Callim. Ixvi. 11 ^^novo auctus hymenaeo." About the timethat Ptolemy III. came to the throne his sister Berenice,

daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus, who had become'thewifeof Antiochus II. of Syria, was murdered, as was Antiochushimself, by Laodice, the divorced wife of Antiochus, whocaused her own son Seleucus II. Callinicus to be pro-claimed king. Thus broke out the AaodlKeios irSXefios

(CIG. 2905) or Third Syrian War.On the departure of her husband for the war Berenice

vowed to the gods for his safety a lock of her hair, whichupon his return was dedicated in the temple of ArsinoeAphrodite at Zephyrium. The lock mysteriously dis-

appeared. Thereupon Conon, the court astronomer, pre-

224


tended to identify it with the delicate group of stars,

thenceforth known as Coma Berenices, lying within thecircle^formed by Ursa Major, Bootes, Virgo, and Leo ; cf.

Catuil. Ixvi. ^h ff.'* Virginis et saevi contingens namque

Leonis Lumina, Callisto iuncta Lycaoniae, Vertor in

occasum, tardum dux ante Booten, qui vix sero alto

mergitur Oceano" ; cf. Hygin. Astron. ii. 24, Hesych. *.v.

BepevLKTjs wXoKafjLos. The title of the poem is conjectural

and the fragments are assigned to it on the evidence ofCatullus.

225

I

BEPENIKH2 HAOKAMOS

T^Se K.6vojv /x' e^Xeipev iv rjept, rov êpevLKrjs

ôarpvxov, ov Kelvr) Trdaiv eOrjKc Oeois.

Schol. Arat. 146 Koi^cuv o fjuadrjfjiaTLKog UroXe-fJLaicp )(apLt,6jX€Vos êpeviKrjs TrXoKafiov i^ avrov

[sc. Xdovros] KaT7]GTepLG€. TOVTO /cat KaAAt/xapôs"

7TOV <f)r]crLV' rjSe K.6vajv epXci/jev . . . ov r

dpa . . . deotcrtv. The text is that of Muretus but

it is quite uncertain whether the words of the schol.

are a continuous quotation. Catullus Ixvi. 7 ff. Idemme ille Conon caelesti in lumine vidit E Bereniceo

vertice caesariem Fulgentem clare, quam cunctis

ilia deorum Levia protendens bracchia pollicita est.

Catullus Ixvi. 25 f. at te ego certe Cognoram a

parva virgine magnanimam ; cf. Hygin. Astron. ii. 24.

" The epithet used by Callimachus was probablyfxeyddvfios, less likely ixeyakbxpvxos. Hygin. Astron. ii. 24says that Callimachus called her great-souled {magnanima)because when her father Ptolemy {sic) was terrified by amultitude of enemies and sought safety in flight, Berenice,being accustqmed to riding, mounted a horse, rallied therest of the array, slew several of the enemy, and put therest to flight. He mentions, too, Callimachus and othersas saying that she kept horses and sent them to the Olympicgames. But the epithet "great-souled" has reference

226


1 (34)

And Conon beheld me in the sky, me the curl of

Berenice which she dedicated to all the gods.

Schol. Arat. 146 Conon the mathematician, to

please Ptolemy, made a constellation, " The Lock of

Berenice," out of the Lion. That is what Callimachus

means :" And Conon," etc.

2 {S5)

But thee certainly from a little maiden I knewto be great-souled."'

rather to the episode of Demetrius the Beautiful (6 A:aX6s),

brother of Antigonus Gonatas and son of DemetriusPoUorcetes and, through his mother Ptolemais, grandson ofPtolemy Soter. Apama (Asinoe according to Justin),

widow of Magas, wishing to break off the betrothal arrangedby Magas between Berenice and the future Ptolemy III.,

invited Demetrius to Gyrene with a view to his marriagewith Berenice. Unfortunately he bestowed his affections

rather on his prospective mother-in-law ; this coupled withhis haughty bearing offended both the soldiers and thepopulace ; in the end he was slain in Apama's room :

" quo

227

CALLIMACHUS

ariv T€ Kdprjv atfiOGa gov t€ piov.

E.M. s.v. OrjXafjLwv . . . eiprjraL Kal drjXvKCJS

Koiprjf d)S Trapa KaXXtfidxco' 'rjv (sic) t€ ktX.

Catullus Ixvi. 39 f. Invita, O regina, tuo de vertice

cessij Invita^ adiuro teque tuumque caput.

XaAujScOV Ct>S" OLTToXoLTO y€VO£,

ycLoOev dvreXXovra KaKov (fyvrov ol fxiv €<f)r]vav.

Schol. Apoll. Rh. ii. 373 (cf. i. 1323) XdXvêg

. . . fJLefJLVTjraL avrcov /cat KaXXlfxaxos' XaXvôjv

ktX.Catullus Ixvi. 48 ff. luppiter, ut Chalybon omne

genus pereat, Et qui principio sub terra quaerere

venas Institit ac ferri fingere duritiem

!

TTplv daripi rw BepevLKTjs.

Achilles^ Etaaycoy. Arat. p. 134 Petavius : o

lâXXlfJuaxos " TTplv ktXT iirl rod nXoKafiov (fyrjalv.

Catullus Ixvi. 80 fF. Non prius unanimis corpora

coniugibus Tradite . . . Quam iucunda mihi muneralibet onyx.

interfecto Berenice et stupra matris salva pietate ulta est

et in matrimonio sortiendo iudicium patris secuta " (Justinxxvi. 3). This is strongly supported by the next words ofCatullus : "Anne bonum oblita est facinus, quo regium adeptaes Coniugium, quo non fortius ausit alis ?

"

« The Lock protests that it was reluctant to leaveBerenice's head. ,

228


S {35 b)

I swear by thy head " and by thy life.

4 {25 c)

Perish the race of the Chalybes who brought to

Hght that evil plant which springs ^ from the earth

!

P

5 {35 d)

[Do not ye new-wed brides enter the bridal bed]

till to the star of Berenice [ye have offered perfumes ^].

^ With avTiWovra supply aiSrjpov (iron). The Lockprotests that it could not help itself against the iron shears :

"Quid facient crines cum ferro taliacedant?" Catull. Ixvi. 47,

cf. " Sed qui se ferro postulet esse parem?" Ixvi. 42, andinvokes a curse upon the Chalybes, the renowned iron-

workers in Pontus (Strabo 549 f., Xen. Anah. v. 5. 1,

Dion. Per. 768, Apoll. Rh. ii. 1001 ff.).

" Athenaeus xv. 689 a speaks of Berenice's fondnessfor perfumes : iJKfia^e 8e Kai iv 'AXe^avdpeiq, {fiupa) 5tA vXovtovKai 5ia T7]v 'Apaivorjs Kai BepeviKTjs (xirovb-qv, iylvero d^ Kai iv

Kvp7)vr] pSSivov X)0>;o"r6TaTo;' Kad' 8v xpovovjE^T) BepevlKr) i) fxeydXr].

Cf. Catull. Ixvi. 77 f. " Quicum ego, dum virgo quondam fuit,

omnibus expers Unguentis, unamiha multa bibi."

229

CALLIMACHUS

icrxoLTLrjv vtto 7Tit,av iXcn^rao Xiovros.

E.M. s.v. iXetrjrrjs' 6 Aecuv iorxciTL'qv ktX,

Hecker was probably right in referring this to the

Bcp. HA. of CalHmachus ; cf. Catullus^ Ixvi. 65 f.

Virginis et saevi contingens namque Leonis Lumina.

* This describes the position in the sky of the ComaBerenices.

BPArXOS

Branchus, sou of a Delphian Smicrus and a Milesian

mother, was beloved of Apollo (in one version he wasApollo's son) who gave him the gift of prophecy. Hefounded at Didyma or Didymi near Miletus a temple of

Apollo with cult similar to that of the Delphic oracle.

Its oracle was consulted by Croesus (Herod, i. 46), whodedicated oiFerings in the temple (Herod, i. 92, v. 36), bythe Cumaeans (Herod, i. 157), and Necos, king of Egypt,

Hephaest. p. 30. 19 Consbruch : {Uepl xopi'dfJi^L-

KOv)r Kal TO) TTCvrafierpo) Se JâXXtfJuaxo^ oXov

volrjfia rov Bpdyxov ovvedrjKe.

AalfjLOves €vvpiv6'TKLTOL ôlî ^ re Kal Zeu, AtSvfJioJv

yevdpxoL .^

^ E.M. s.v. Aidv/xaios quotes the last six words ; cf.

Terent. Maur. 1885 ff. " De choriambo : Nee non et meminipedibus quater his repetitis Hymnum Battiadem Phoebocantasse lovique Pastorem Branchum : quem captus araorepudico Fatidicas sortes docuit depromere Paian."

^ yevdpxa E.M. ; yevapxai- Hephaest.

230


6 (fr. anon. 88)

By the utmost verge of the fervid Lion."

The obscure word iXeiriTTjs is derived according to theE.M. "either from e\7; = heat, which is called eiXrjy withthe addition of iota, or from eXos = marsh, because beforebeing made a constellation they dwelt in marshes." Thereference, in any case, of iXeirjTao and certainly of CatuUus's" saevi " is to the heat at the time when the sun entersLeo in July, cf. Arat. 150 f.

BRANCHUS

dedicated there the dress in which he had won somenotable victories (Herod, ii. 159). See further Paus.

vii. 2. 4, Strabo 421, Conon ap. Phot. BibL pp. 136 and140. The temple was pillaged and burnt by thePersians in 494 b.c. (Herod, vi. 19, Strabo 634), but wasrebuilt on a scale so huge that it remained unroofed(Strabo I.e.). The remains have been excavated in

modern times by HaussouUier and later by Wiegand.

And Callimachus has composed a whole poem,"Branchus," in the (choriambic) ^ pentameter: e.g.

" Gods who are well worthy of song, Phoebus andZeiis, Didyma's ancient founders."

« Hephaestion in this chapter explains that a chori-

ambic line may consist of pure choriambs or be com-bined with iambi : as a general rule, when the line is

catalectic, it ends in an iambic clausula (/card/cXets), i.e. in anamphibrach (v-- - ^) or bacchius (^— ), the last syllable

being indifferent (d8cd(f>opos = anceps).

231

EnirPAMMATA

The following fragments are quoted by various writers

from the Epigran^s of Callimachus. There is some groundfor supposing that Callimachus published a separate

volume under this title. Thus Suidas s.vv. 'Apxiîos,'AttoWupIov, ypafxaaTLKdi. Twv K.aWifxdxov 'ETriypa/xfxdTooi'

4^r)yr)(nv seems to imply such a volume. Cf. Plin. Ep.

iv. 3. And Suid. s.i\ Mapiavds tells us that Marianus,among other iambic paraphrases of the poets (Theocritus,

Apollonius, Aratus, etc.), wrote ''a paraphrase of Cal-

limachus's Hecale, Hymns, Aitia, and Epigrams in 6810iambics." Incidentally it may be noted that Suidas says

theparaphrase ofAratus (our text, including the Dissemeiae,

gives 1154 lines) occupied 1140 iambics.

avTos 6 Mco/xos"

€ypa<f)€v iv roi^ôis " o Kpovos" iarl GO(f>6s."

iJvtSe Kov KopaKes reyecov eVt KoXa avvrJTrraL

KpcLtôvaiv Kol Kii)s avOi yevrjcrofieOa.

Diog. Laert. ii. Ill AtoScopos 'A/xetvtof 'lacrcus",

/cat avTOs J^povos eiriKXrjV [i.e. as well as Apol-

lonius], 7T€pl ov (f)7]aL KaXXlfjuaxos iv iTnypdfipLauLV •

** avTOS . . . ao(j)6s." Sextus Empir. Adv. math. i. 3096t€ kol to tvôv iirLypapLfxaTLov ovx oloi re elcn

vorjarac, Kaddrrep /cat ro vrro rod KaAAt/xa;!ôu els

AtoScopov Tov Ys.p6vov Gvyypa(j)€v,'

' lyvtSe . . . yeviq -

aofxeda." Bentley was probably right in combiningthe two fragments as one.

232

EPIGRAMS

1 (70)

Blarne himself wrote upon the walls :" Cronus * is

wise." Behold the crows upon the roof are croaking,

"What is a Co-nex Sentence}" and "What is the

proof of Immortality ?"

« The reference is to Diodorus of lasos, one of the later

philosophers of the Megaric school. The nickname Cronus—indicating an " old fogy "—is said to have been appliedin the first instance to his teacher ApoUonius of Cyreneand from him apphed to his pupil ; Strabo 658 and 638, cf.

Diog. Laert. Z.c, who says that in the presence of PtolemySoter certain dialectical questions were put to him byStilpon, and being unable to answer them oifhand, virb rod

âaCKiws to, re aWa iireTLfiifdri kol St] Kal KpSuos iJKOvaev ev

(TKiibfMiuiaTos fx^pei. His doctrines, the epigram impUes, wereso current that the very crows upon the roof discussedthem. Koia awijirTai, i.e. irold icmv dîiVfiaTa avvTifx/jLiva,

refers to the classification of sentences or propositions

{'*profata " or '* proloquia " (Varro), ^'pronuntiata " (Cicero))

into simple (dTrXa), adjunct {(xvifrjixix^va), and complex{(TvfnreTrXeyiJiha). If one says " ypd<p€i," the absence of thesubject makes this what the Stoics called a KaT-qybp-qixa ; if onesays ypd(p€L Sw/cpdrT/s, we have an dîcojua because it is now com-plete in itself (ai^ToreX^?), Diog. Laert. vii. 63, c/.Aulus Gellius

xvi. 8. 4 " redimus igitur necessario ad Graecos libros. exquibus accepimus d^tw/za esse his verbis : XeKrby avroreX^s

233

CALLIMACHUS

ovSe TO ypafjLfJLa

jiêaOri to Xdyov /x' via AeoTrpeneos

KcladaL K-ijiov dvSpa . . .

ovS' vfieaSj UoXvSevKcs, VTrerpeaev^ oX fie jxeXdBpov S

fieXXovros TTLTrreLV eKros eOeodi Trore

SaiTVfJLOVOJV (XTTO fJLOVVOV, OT€ J^pavvcjv.LOS, atttt,

^Xiadev /JieydXovs oIkos cttl S/coTraSas".

Suid. s.v. HifjLcoviSrjs' 'AKpayavrivos Grparrjyos

riv ovofjua Ooti^t^. YiVpaKooiois Se iiroXefJiovv ovtol'

ovKovv oSe o Q>olvi^ StaAuet tov Td(f>ov rod St/xcon-

Sou . . . /cat e/c rcDv XiOoiV rcDi^Se dvLcrrrjcn

TTvpyoVf /cat /cara rovrov idXco 77 TroAts". eot/c€

Se /cat KaAAfc/xa;^©? rourots' o/xoAoyetv OLKriêrai

yovv ro dOeopLov epyov /cat Xiyovrd ye avrov 6

Kvprjvalos TT€7roLrjK€ rov yXvKVV Troirjri^v " ouSc

TO ypdpupua rjSeorOr] ro Xeyopcevov vlov SeoTrpenovs

KeloOai KTjtov dvBpa"' /car' elvajv drra eTTtAcyct*

" ouS' T^/xcas", noAvSev/ces', vrrirpeoev, ol fjue pueXd-

Bpov puiXXovros TTiTTreiv €Kr6s eaeaOai irore Satru-

pLovcvv diTo pLovvov, or€ KpavojVLCDV ata? (vXtode

pieyas oIkos errl orKOTrdaag. Cf. Quintilian xi. 2. 11,

Cicero, De oral. ii. 86. Simonides, writing in

honour of the Scopadae, went out of his way to

praise the Dioscuri. As the banquet at Crannonbegan, he was told that two strangers wished to

speak to him, but, going out, he saw no one.

Then the hall fell.

dirocpavTov 6<Tov i<f>' avT(p. . . . sed M. Varro . . ita finit

:

Proloquium est sententia, in qua nihil desideratur." GelJiusgoes on to define and illustrate a i;j'77/ta^j'o*' and avixTreTrXeyixhov :

§ 9 f." sed quod Graeci ' awqixjxevov a^lojîa ' dicunt, alii

234

EPIGRAMS

2(71)

And he (Phoenix) respected not the inscription

which declared that "I the son of Leoprepes" of

Ceos lie here," neither did he tremble before you,^

Polydeuces [and thy brother Castor], who, when the

hall was about to fall, set me outside, alone of all the

banqueters, when the house at Crannon, ah ! me,

tumbled on the mighty sons of Scopas.

nostrorum 'adiunctum,' alii 'conexum' dixerunt. id* conexum ' tale est :

* si Plato ambulat, Plato movetur,'' si dies est, sol super terras est. ' item quod illi

^ avfxireTrXeyfMevoy,'' nos vel ' coniunctum ' vel 'copulatum'dicimus, quod est eiusdem modi :

' P. Scipio, Pauli filius,

et bis consul fuit et triuraphavit et censura functus est etconlega in censura L. Mummi fuit.'" Cf. Sext. Emp. Adv.math. viii. 115 AioSiopos d^ dXrjdes dvai 077<rt avvrjiifiivov Sirep

fj-ryre ived^X'^^'^ /iiyre hMx^TO-L apx^fievou air' dXrjdoCs Xriyeiu

irrl \l/€v8os.

The argument for Immortality was connected withDiodorus' denial of the possibility of motion. " That whichmoves, moves either in the place where it is or in the placewhere it is not. Neither of these is possible ; thereforenothing moves. But if nothing moves, it follows thatnothing perishes. For, by the same reasoning as before,since a living creature does not die in the time in which it

lives nor in the time in which it does not live, it does notdie at all. Therefore we shall always be aUve and shall

be born again" (a5^i yeprjadfieda). Sext. Empir. Adv.math. i. 309.

« The restoration of this epigram is a good exampleof Bentley's genius. The Scopadae were a distinguishedThessalian family who had their seat at Crannon andPharsalus. Scopas II. in whose honour Simonides of Ceos,son of Leoprepes (Pans. vi. 9. 9), wrote an epinicion,

lost his life by the sudden fall of his house at Pharsalus orCrannon during a banquet. Cf. Valer. Max. i. 8.

* vfiias, i.e. Castor and Polydeuces.

235

CALLIMACHUS

0€OS 0€ OL L€pOS VKTjS'

Athen. vii. 327 a. In 284 c Athen. quotes the

same fragment as Upos Bd rot Upos vktjs,

is AviJLTjv aiTiovra rr)V 'A;^at[as'.

Steph. Byz. frag. p. 240 f. Mein. Avfjurj.

AvSt^ /cat 7ra;\;u ypa/x/xa /cat ov ropov,

Sehol. Dion. Perieg. Btos" Atovvaiov p. 317 Bern-

hardy ; cf. schol. V. 3, ibid. p. 977.

236

EPIGRAMS

3(72)

A god to him is the holy hyces.'^

4(73)

Departing to Dyme in Achaia.

5 (74 b)

The Lyde ^ is a dull writing and not clear.

« Red mullet (?). But see Galateia (37 Schn.).* The Lyde was an elegiac poem by Antimachus of

Colophon (contemporary with Plato), in which he soughtto console his grief for the death of his wife^ Lyde bywriting of similar cases.

237

TAAATEIA

rj fxdXXov ;)^pucretov in* ^ 6cf>pvaLV Upov IxOw,'q iripKas oaa t dXXa (f>ip€i ^vdos aGireros aXfir}S'

Athenaeus vii. 284 c KaAAt/Aapôs" S' iv TaXarela

Tov ^puco^ptn^. 1^ fjudXXov ktX.

1 iir' Meineke, cf. Plutarch, Mor. 981 d ; iv.

<* Nothing is known of this beyond the one quotation in

Athenaeus, It is natural, especially in view of the natureof the quotation, to think of the love-story of the NereidGalateia and the Cyclops Polyphemus, which was a

rPAOEION

etXKvae 8e hpijxvv re ;^dAov kvvos o^v t€ Kevrpov

(t^7]k6s' arr* dfjLcfyoTepcov tov exî aroixdrcov.^

Grammaticus in cod. Ambros. 222 fiaprvpeZ Se

. . , Kal . . . KaAAt/xapôs" • Kal yap 7T€pl rod

ÂpxtXoxov Xeyojv iv to) Tpa(j)€iip <f>rialv ovrcos'

etA/cuore ktX.

^ (TTOfjidTuu] (TTOfiaTos Schueider.

" The title of this poem is exceedingly obscure. It is

known to us by the following fragment only. Susemihlthinks it was a series of " Dichterportrate " or brief

characterizations of poets. Dilthey compared the Imaginesof Varro.

238

• GALATE1A«

(37 Schneider)

Or rather the gilthead^ holy fish/ or perches andothers that the infinite depth of the sea produces.

favourite theme of the Alexandrine poets and their

imitators. Theocrit. xi. etc.'' The discussion in Athenaeus is about the identity of

the "holy fish."- In this quotation it is identified with the

gilthead {Chrysophrys aurata)^ so named from the crescent-

shaped yellow mark between the eyes.

GRAPHEUM «

(37 a Schneider)

And he * drank the bitter wrath of the dog andthe sharp sting of the wasp : he has venom from the

mouth of both.

^ Archilochus of Paros circ. 650 b.c, famous for thebitterness of his lampoons or iambi. The Ambrosiangrammarian derives iambus from lbs = poison, hence thequotation. There is a very similar anonymous epigramA.P. ix, 185 'A/!)XtX6x&ii rdSe fiirpa Kai 'qxh^vres laix^oL, dvfj.ou

Kai (pofiepijs lbs eirea^oKl-qs. The same comparison of Archi-lochus to a mad dog underlies Hor. A.P. 79 " Archilochumproprio rabies armavit iambo.

"

239

HECALE

The story of Hecale is told by Plutarch^ Theseus ch. 14 :

'^ Theseus, wishing to be actively employed^ and at thesame time to win the favour of the people, went outagainst the Marathonian bull, which was causing no small

annoyance to the inhabitants of the Tetrapolis, and heovercame the bull and drove it through the city to exhibit

it, after which he sacrificed it to Apollo Delphinius.

Hecale and the legend of her reception and entertainment(of Theseus) seem to be not quite without some portionof truth. For the demes round about used to meet andhold a Hecalesian festival in honour of Zeus Hecalus, andhonoured Hecale, whom they called by the pet nameHecaline, because when she entertained Theseus, who at

the time was quite young, she addressed him as an old

woman would and greeted him with that sort of petnames. When Theseus was setting out to the contest

she vowed in his behalf to offer a sacrifice to Zeus if hecame back safe. She died, however, before his return,

and received the above mentioned honours, in returnfor her hospitality, by order of Theseus, as Philochorusrelates." Cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. 'E/cciXt;* 5^/xos t^s KeovTldo%

(f>v\r}s. 6 87]/jL6Tr)i 'E/cdXios • ra ToiriKa 'EKaXrjdev, 'lEiKdXrjvSe ' Kal

'EKaXios^eiJS. Hesych. s.v. 'E/cdXetos Zevs' du ''EkolXt) Idp^Kxaro.

It is obvious from the fragments that Hecale wasrepresented as very old and very poor, and in bothregards she became proverbial. Priapea, xii. 1 ff.

(Baehrens, Poet. Lat. Min. i. p. 61) " quaedam annosior

Hectoris parente Cumaeae soror, ut puto, Sibyllae,

Aequalis tibi, quam domum revertens Theseus repperit

in rogoiaceutem." Ovid, Rem. Amor. 747 f. '^'^Cur nemo240

HECALE

est Hecaleiij nulla est quae ceperit Iron ? Nempe quodalter egens, altera pauper erat." Statius, Th. xii. 582 '^ neefudit vanos anus hospita fletus." Julian, Ep. 41 oidk rijs

'EKdXrjs 6 Qrja-evs tov delirvov rb \it6v dTrrj^iojaev, dX\' ^dei Kal

fiLKpoh is rb dvajKaiov dpKeiadai.

It may be inferred further that the poem containedreferences to the birth of Theseus. The story was that

Aegeus, king of Athens, being childless, consulted the

oracle at Delphi. To interpret the oracle which hereceived he went to consult Pittheus of Troezen. Herehe became father of Theseus by Aethra, daughter of

Pittheus. Leaving Troezen before the birth of Theseus,Aegeus hid his sword and shoes under a rock, telling

Aethra that if and when their son was able to raise the

rock and remove the sword and shoes, she was to sendhim to Athens with these tokens of recognition. Thisduly took place and Theseus was recognized as the son

of Theseus (Plut. Thes. 3 ff.).

The Rainer Fragments of the Hecale

These important additions to our knowledge of the

Hecale are preserved on a piece of a wooden tablet nowin the papyri collection of the Archduke Rainer in theRoyal Library at Vienna, and were first published by Prof.

Theodor Gomperz in vol. vi. of the Mitteilungen aus d.

Sammlung d. Papyr. Erzherzog Rainer, Vienna, May1893 (printed separately).

On the reverse side of the tablet are written twocolumns from the Phoenissae of Euripides. From the

amount of the Phoenissae which is missing between these

two columns it would seem that about three-fifths of the

board have been lost by the breakage. That nothing is

lost at the top is proved by the fact that the upper borderis marked by two indented lines. Traces of a similar

marking appear also at the side ends. The generalcharacter of the tablet and its contents

—

" s. woodentablet inscribed with part of a messenger's speech from

R 241

CALLIMACHUS

one of the three most read dramas of Euripides and a

part, rich in mythological allusions, of one of the mostcelebrated works of Callimachus "—leaves no doubt that

it was intended for school use.

For these and other details the reader is referred to

T. Gomperz, HeUenica, vol. ii., Leipzig, 1912, p. 273 f.,

"^ Aus der Hecale des Kallimachos," where in an ExcursusJ. Zingerle discusses palaeographical details. Thecharacter of the writing, according to Wessely, assigns

the tablet to the 4th century a.d. Two different handsare distinguished, one of which wrote Columns I. and IV.,

the other Columns II. and III. From the nature of thesubject matter, as well as certain palaeographical indica-

tions, Zingerle concludes that the columns were notwritten in their present order. Thus Column I. waswritten after Columns II. and III. and is a palimpsest.

The identification of the fragments was first made byDr. W. Weinberger, who was associated with Dr. Zingerlein the examination of the tablet.

Clearest of all is the identification of Column IV. Ofthis V. 12 was already known from schol. Aristoph. FrogSy

1297, where it is assigned to Callimachus, and SuidasA'.v.

i/xaiov, where it is assigned to the Hecale. Moreover -ydXaKi

= yd\aKTi V. 3, Xvxfa v. 11, and a large part of v. 13were already attested as belonging to Callimachus (fr.

551, 255, 278) by Herodian, Et. Magn., and schol. ApoU.Rhod. respectively.

As to Column I., internal evidence alone would besufficient to refer it to the Hecale—the reference to

Theseus and the Marathonian bull, etc., but, further,

v. 6, apart from the first word, was already known fromSuidas^.v. Aarvpou, where it is assigned to Callimachus (fr.

288), and had already been referred to the Hecale. Also,

the end of v. 14 occurs, with the addition of two morewords, in Suidas s.v. ardpfria-L, and had already beenreferred by Ruhnken and others to the Hecale (fr.

anon. 59).

The identification of Columns II. and III. does notrest on any ancient citation. But the general character

242

I

HECALE

of the style, the nature of the contents—the story of

Erichthonius, which is the subject of Column II., is

known from a scholium on Iliad ii. 647 to have beentreated in the Hecale, and in one form of the story acrow played a prominent part, which apparently is the

theme of Col. 111.—and the context in which they appear,

leave no doubt as to the source of the fragments.

Bibliography

T. Gomperz, Mitteilungen aus der Sammlung der PapyrusErzherzog Rainer VI., Vienna, 1893: revised ed.

1897, reprinted in T. Gomperz, Hellenica, vol. ii.,

Leipzig, 1912.

O. Crusius, Liter. Centralblatt, 1893, No. 32. F. G.Kenyon, Class. Rev^, Novemb., 1893. G. Knaack,Berliner Wochenschr. fiir klassische Philologie, 1894,

No. 14. E. Maass, Deutsche Literaturzeitung, 1893,No. 33. Th. Reinach, Revue des Etudes grecques,vi. No. 22. E. dei Piccolomini, Nuova Antologiaitaliana, 46. 3. 1893. H. J. Polack, Separatabdruckaus Verslaagen en Meddeelingen d. kon. Academievan Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde, iii. 10,

1894. U. V. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Nachrichtender Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Got-tingen, 1893, No. 19. Robinson Ellis, Journ. of

Philology, xxiv. 48 ff.

243

EKAAH

Testimonia

1. Crinagoras, A.P. ix. 545 :

KaAAt/>ta;(oi; to ropevrov €7tos rohc Stj yap€77* aVTCO

cbvrjp Tovs Movaewv Trdvras eGeiae koXcjos,

aetSet 8' ÊiKaXrjs re îXoîivoio koXlt^v

Koi Qr]a€L Mapa^cov ovs iTreOrjKe ttovovs'

Tov (jol Kal veapcov x^^P^^ adevos eir] dpeadai,

Map/ceAAc, /cAetvou t' alvov laov ^lotov.

2. Schol. Callim. Hymn. Apoll. 106 eyAcaAet 8ta

Tovrojv TOVS GKCJTTTOVTas avTOV pLTj SvvaadaL

TToirjaai fieya TT-otT^/xa, oOev rjvayKaodr] Troirjoai ttjv

'^kolXtjv.

3. E.M. s.v. '^KaXr)' rj rjpojls, els rjv /cat 7rot7^/xa

iypaifse JâXXlfxaxos' rj tt/oos" iaxjrrjv iravTas

KaXovaa. TavTr]V *^KdXrjV {leg. *l^KaXivr]v) eXe-

yov ol TTaXaiol V7roKopit,6p.evoi. eOvov Se avrfj

Sid TO fevtWt 07^crea. Cf. Suid. s.v. 'E/caA?;.

4. Petronius 135 :

Qualis in Actaea quondam fuit hospita terra

« Crinagoras presents a copy of the Hecale to M. Claudius

244

HECALE

Testimonies

1. This ^ is the chiselled work of Callimachus ; for

on itj indeed, he shook out every reef of the Muses.It sings the cabin of hospitable Hecale and the toils

that Marathon imposed on Theseus. His youngstrength of hand may it be thine to win, Marcellus,

and equal praise of glorious life !

2. In these words ^ he rebukes those who jeered at

him as not being able to write a big poem : whichtaunt drove him to write the Hecale.

3. Hecale, the heroine, on whom also Callimachus

wrote a poem : she who called (KaAetv) all to her.

The ancients called her by the pet name of Hecaline.

And they offered sacrifice to her on account of her

having entertained Theseus.

4. Such as the hospitable woman who was of old

Marcellus 43-23 b.c, nephew of Augustus, whose earlydeath was much lamented ; Verg. Aen. vi. 884.

* ovK a7a/iat ktK. : words put in the mouth of Envy.

245

CALLIMACHUS

Digna sacris Hecale, quam Musa loquentibus annis

Battiadae veteris mirando tradidit aevo.

5. Epigr. Anonym. Bern. 5 f. :

jjLeXTTO) Se ypaos rrjs noXvêvov rpoTTOVs ^

/cat T))v reXevTTjv SrjGeajs re ttjv dypav.

1. 1.

[kovXcov els] ireprjv ^ TTepiairre koL elv dop ojicev

cos tSov, o[t 8']^ a/xa Trdvres V77[eTp]€cr[a]v oJS'

[cAtacrJêv

dvSpa fULeyav /cat ^'^/)a TreXcopLov avT[a tJSco-ât,

fMeacj)* OT€ Srj Grjcrevs <jiiv aTTOTTpoBi fiaKpov dvcre'

fjLLfjLvere Oapdijevres, ipLcp 8e [rjts" Atyet irarpl 5

vevfjuevos os t \io\KiaTOs is darvpov dyyeXtcorrjs ^

ws ivenoi—TToXiiDV k€v dvaijjvêie fiepifivewv—" Srjaevs ovx e/cas" ovros,^ avT-' evvSpov Mapadwvos ^

lC,ja)ov ayojv rov ravpov. o fiev âro, rot o

diovres

[7T]dvTes " [t]"/) TTacrjov " dve/cAayov, au^t Se pLi/JLVOV. 10

oi5;)^t VOTOS" TOGGTiv ye ;\;i;crtv Karexevaro ^vXXcov,

ov ôpi-qs ouS* auTO? or* eVAcro <f)vXXoxoos /^[cjts',

[ojaaa tot* [a]y [pJcocrTat Tre^t [t*] a/x^t [tJ^

Srjaei ^dXXov,

^ Tpdirovs Politian ; rpbirov.

2 KovKebv eh Editor : <s)d ceiprfvy eriprju Piccolomini, <&)/'

TekaixCov'y er^pr) or dea-fxrjv eT^prjv Polack. According to vaserepresentations Theseus had laid aside his sword andfastened it to a tree.

3 o[i 5'] : ws ?

* OS r' . . . dyyeXiuryis quoted by Suidas s.v. darvpov (fr.

246

t

HECALE

in the land of Acte (i.e. Attica), Hecale worthy of

worship, whose story and her marvellous age the

Muse of the ancient son of Battus told to theeloquent years."

5. And I sing the ways of the old woman of manyguests and her death, and Theseus' capture.

1. 1.

On the other side [Theseus] fastened [the sheath]

and therein put his sword. And when they beheldit, they all trembled before him and shrank fromlooking face to face on the great man and the

monstrous beast, until Theseus called to them fromafar :

" Have courage and abide, and let the swiftest

go unto the city to bear a message to my father

Aegeus—so shall he relieve him from many cares :—' Lo ! Theseus is at hand, bringing alive the bull

from watery Marathon.' " So spake he, and, whenthey heard, they all shouted " I'e Paieon " and abodethere. Not the South wind sheds so great a fall of

leaves, not the North wind even in the month of

falling leaves, as those which in that hour the rustics

threw around and over Theseus—the rustics who

* There seems to be some corruption in this text of whichno solution has yet been found.

288), as from Callimachus. The fragment was assigned byNaeke to the Hecale ; 6s r' Suidas ; CbaT Rainer tablet.

exTac^ oux ouToc Rainer tablet ; Gomperz thinks t in eicrac is

really X ; odXos Polack.^ €vij8pov Mapa^wj/os] cf. Suid. S.v. Mapaddv ' . . . tovtov

KaXXi/xaxos ivvdrLov X^7et, TovTeari divypov ^ ^vvdpov ( = fr. 114,

assigned by Naeke to the Hecale).

247

CALLIMACHUS

[oL fjLiv iKVKXa)aa]vro Trepiara [S]6v,^ at 8e yvvalKes

. . . GTOpvrjGiv av€ore(j)ov .^15

1. 2.

/cat /o or 67700 . . , e(p [!) ov av riv eKaaroi

OvpavlSai €7rdyoi€V ifico 7rT[e]pa>, dAAa e noAAas"

T^? )Ltev €(760 Sr]vaL{6)v^ (?) d(t>rj^ Sp[6]Gov^'Hâtcrroto,

/xeo-(^' ore KeKpoTrlSrjaLV Itt* Âktyj * Oi^KaTO Xdav,

XddpLOV dppTjTOV, yevefj S' oêi' ou8e I'tp eyvcjv "^

5

oy'r' iSdrjv, 4*t]fi'D^ §€ /car' (hyvylovs (?) eâv

[aJurat®

otcovous", 60? SrjOev v(f>^ ^Yiâiarco t€K€V Ala.

r [ojura/ct ^^ 8* rj piev iijg epvpua xôvog 6<j)pa ^ctAotro,

rriv pa viov ^r}(f>cp [rje Atos" Su[o]/cat8e/ca r' aAAoji^

ddavdrojv 6<f)L6s re KareXXaê pLaprvptrjGLVf 10

^ C/. Quint. Smyrn. xii. 362 fiiaaov eKVKKuaavTo TrepiaTaddv.^ 14-15. Suid. s.v. (TTbpvrjaL' ^cuvais' al dk ywa^Kes (XTopvrjcnv

avi<xTpe(t)ov \avi<TT€(}>ov Toup]- irepl Q-rjaecos [ = fr. anon. 59Schneider],

^ 8r)vaio}u Rainer tablet.^ a<l)ij seems to be a hitherto unknown form of 3rd sing.

2nd aor. indie, of dcpi-qfiL. Polack proposes 8t] vdacev dtprj

coll. Hesych. d^^s' dduparos, &Wos [leg. 8.\a\os\.

^ Spdaop] cf. Aesch. Ag. 141, E.3I. s.v. ^paai.

" 'Aacti7 Diels and others ; aKTrj.

^ Gomperz takes ^yvwv and eBd-qv as 3rd plurals. ov8i :

pjJre ? ^<t>'f)IJ'V Rainer tablet ; ct>rnxaL Crusius.

^ ^<f>av avrai] TrecpdriaTaL ? ^^ ravraKi R.t.

« The reference is to the birth of Erichthonius, sonof Athena and Hephaestus. Athena wished to rear himsecretly. She therefore " shut him up in a chest (kIcttt))

and gave him to the daughters of Cecrops, Agraulus,Pandorus, and Herse, with orders not to open the chestuntil she herself came. Having gone to Pellene she wasbringing a hill in order to make a bulwark {^pvfia) in front of

248

b

HECALE

encircled him about, while the women crowned himwith garlands.

1. 2. '

But Pallas laid him, the ancient seed of Hephaestuswithin the chest,'* until she set a rock in Acte (Attica)

for the sons of Cecrops : a birth mysterious andsecret, whose lineage I neither knew nor learnt, butthey themselves [i.e. the daughters of Cecrops}

declared, according to report among the primeval

birds, that Earth bare him to Hephaestus. Thenshe, that she might lay a bulwark for the land whichshe had newly obtained by vote of Zeus and the

twelve other immortals and the witness of the Snake,

the Acropolis, when two of Cecrops' daughters opened thechest and beheld two serpents with Erichthonius. AsAthena was bringing the hill which is now called Lycabettus,a crow {KopdovTj) met her and told her that Erichthonius wasdiscovered. Athena, when she heard it, threw down thehill where it now is, and she told the crow that, for her badnews, she must never enter the Acropolis " (Amelesagorasap. Antig. Caryst. Hist. Mirab. c. xii., cf. ApoUodor, iii. 14,

Ovid, Met. ii. 551 ff., Hygin. Fab. 166). The reference in

V. 10 f. is to the story of the contest between Athena andPoseidon for possession of Attica. Poseidon smote a rockon the Acropolis and produced a salt pool (ddXaaaa). ThenAthena, caUing Cecrops to witness her possession {KaTd\r}\pis)y

produced an olive. Finally Zeus appointed the twelve godsas arbiters who decided in favour of Athena, K^/cpo7ros

fiapTvprjaaPTOS Sri irpuiTrj rrjv iXaiav icpi/revaev, ApoUodor. iii.

14. 1. Cecrops is called here the Snake, because he wasrepresented as having the lower part of his body in snakeform, in sign of his being earth-born : KeKpo\p avrbxîîv,

<xv[X(j>vks ^x^" <^'^fJ'-^ dvSpbs Kai 8pdKOPTos, rrjs Âttlktjs eâaiXevae

irpOros (ApoUodor. I.e.). The speaker appears to be thecrow.

249

CALLIMACHUS

UeXX'qvrjV e<j)iKav€v 'A;;âttSa* r6<f)pa Se Kovpai

at (f>vXaKol KaKov epyov [i^7T€(f>pdaGavTO reXiaaai

KeiGTTjs Seajjud r* dvelaai ^ . . .

1. 3.

. . . piovvai Se 7rapa7TTv[opi€G9a] Kopcbvat.

[SaLjxoaLV' ov yap eycoye] reov nore, TTorvLa,

dvfJLOV,

. . . [ocra] TToAAa TrapaiGia pb-qiror^ iXa^pol

[^tJJo-o/xcv olcjvoi, t6t€ S' a)(j)€Xov [elvai dvavSos]' 5

ovrcos r]fjL€T€p7]V puev OLTreTTTvaev , ovSe yevedXrjv

'qpL€T€prjv i KaXelv [/x,aA' iTnrpeTreL' aXXd ttcgols gv

fjLrjSeTTOT* e/c 6v[}jlol]o' âpvs x^^^^ ^^^^ Â6i]V7]9'

avrdp iych rvrOos 7Tape[7]v y]6vos' [o]yS[o]aT[7^]

'qSr) fjLOL yeverj 7reA[€Tat, ScKarr] Se tok€Vgl.^ 10

[SctJcAos" aAA' rj vv$ rj eVSto? ^ rj €G€r rjws,

€VT€ Kopa^y [o']s vvv ye /cat dv kvkvolglv ipCôi,

^ 8€(Tfj.d T dveicraL or S^crfxaT dveâai] Wessely now thinkshe can read AAKA, in place of Seor/id, which he completes as[iryv]5a/ca.

2 The text is so uncertain that any plausible restoration

seems hopeless. The supplements are mainly due to

Wessely. In v. 7 /xaX eiriTpiirei Is suggested by the presenteditor, as also ttô-ois a-ii for Piccolomini's Trecroto whichis impossible.

^ Cf. Horn. 11. xxi. 111. ivdXos as in Hymn vi. 39, but^pSIos fr. incert. 20 (124).

" The subject of this fragment seems to be the banish-ment of the crow from the AcropoHs as a punishment

250

HECALE

came unto Pellene in Achaea. * Meanwhile the

maidens that watched the chest bethought them to

do an evil deed . . . and undoing the fastenings of

the chest . . .

1. 3 col. iii.

. . . but we crows alone are rejected [of the gods :

for never did I (vex)] thy heart, O Lady . . .

. . . but I would that I had been [voiceless then].

So much she abhors our voice and suffers not] our

race to call upon her name. [Mayst thou] never

[fall] from her favour : ever grievous is the anger of

Athene. But I was present only as a little child

;

for this is my eighth generation [but the tenth for

my parents].

1. 4>''

"But evening it shall be or night or noon or

morn when the raven,^ which now might vie for

for bringing to Athena the news of the sin of Cecrops'daughters. The speaker appears to be a crow. The refer-

ence in the last two lines will be to the longevity of the"many-wintered" crow. Cf. Hesiod, fr. 171 (183), Ovid,M. vii. 274 "novem cornicis saecula passae."

* The reference of the opening lines is to the turning ofthe raven's plumage from white to black as a punishmentfor the news which it brought to Apollo regarding Coroniswho, being with child by Apollo, sinned with Ischys, son ofElatos (Find. P. iii. 8 ff,). For story of the raven bringingthe news to Apollo cf. Hesiod, fr. 123 (148)= schol. Find.P. iii. 48 ; Ovid, M. ii. 598.

In V. 10 (XTL^rieis must refer to the frost of early morning,not, as Gomperz thinks, to the frost of age.

251

CALLIMACHUS

/cat ydXaKL ^ XP^^V^ '^^^ KVfjLarog aKpco dcoro),^

Kvdveov <f)r] TrLaaav em irrepov ovXoov eêt,^

dyyeXiTjs e77i;j^€[t]/oa rd ot ttotc OotjSos' OTrdaaei, 5

OTTTTore [/cjcv OAeyuao KopcuvtSos" d/x^t Ovyarpos

"laxvL 'TrXr^îTTTra) GTTOfJidvrjs /xt€pov*T[t] TwOrjraL,

TTjv fiev dp* cjs cl)afjL€vr]v vrrvos AajSe, ri^v S' atovcrav

KaSSpaderrjv S' ou ttoAAov cm ;^pw[ov],^ atj/ra

ya/3 '^XBev

ari^riei? ^ dyxovpos' tV, ovKeri X^^P^^ eiraypoi 10

(jyiXrjrecov' rjSr) yap iojOivd Xvxvcl âctVcf'

[a]etS€6 /cat ttov tls dvrjp vSarrjyos IfJiatov^

€yp€L /cat Ttv' exovra Trap [a] ttAoov oIklov dôjv ^

T€Tpiyci)S VTT* dfJLaâv, dvidôvai Se ttvkvoI

[S/xJcDot x^^^V^^ KCjjôijxevoi^^ cv[t6s'] ^^ a/couT^v. 15

TLOV 0€ € 7TaVT€S OOLTai

rjpa (j)iXo^€viris' cê yap reyos ^^ dKX'îarov.

Scliol. Aristoph. Acharn. 127 KaAAt/>ta;\;o? iv

'lEiKdiXij. Cf. Suid. s.v. 'E/cciAt;, . . . €X€ ktX.

^ Of- grammarian in Cram. Anecd. Ox. 338. 5 rb ydXaydXaKTOS, ydXaKTi \leg. ydXaKos, ydXaKi] rrapd K.aXXL/xdxv wsdrrb els ^ Xrjyovarjs evdelas.

^ KvfiaTosd. d. =frag. anon. Schneider 40, i.e. Suid. K^fiaros

&Kpov &C0TOV' 6 d(f>p6s.

^ ^|et] ? eWei, i.e. icpâaei Gomperz.* /jiiepSp Kaibel, Epigr. Gr. 336. 4.

^ Ka85padiT7)u . . . xp^ôv = Horn. Od. xv. 494 ; iroXXbv . . .

^Xê= Hom. Od. xii. 407.

252

HECALE

colour with swans^ or milk, or the foam that tips the

wave, shall put on a sad plumage black as pitch, the

guerdon that Phoebus shall one day give him for his

news, when he learns terrible tidings of Coronis,

daughter of Phlegyas, even that she has gone with

knightly Ischys." While she spoke thus sleep seized

her and seized her hearer. They fell asleep but not

for long ; for soon came a frosty neighbour :" Come,

no longer are the hands of thieves in quest of prey :

for already the lamps of morn are shining ; many a

drawer of water is singing the Song of the Pumpand the axle creaking under the wagon wakes him

that hath his house beside the highway, while manya thirled smith, with deafened hearing, torments

the ear.

2(41)

And all wayfarers honoured her by reason of her

hospitality ; for she kept an unbarred house.

^ (rri/37^eis hitherto only in Suidas.' \{ixva (paeivei^frag. 255 (Schneid.), i.e. E.M. s.v. \vxvos

. . . Xux^a irapa KaWifidxv ' Xi^X''" (pavelrj {sic).

8 =fr. 42, i.e. schol. Aristoph. Ran. 1297, Suid. s.v. lixaiov.

9 =fr. 278 (Schneid.), i.e. schol. Apoll. Rh. iii. 1150irepLirXoixeva'i' irapiovaas, iirel kol irXdos X^yeraL ij 686s

'

KaXXifiaxos ' ^ypet Kai tlv ^x^^"^^ fepi irXoov.^•^ KW(f)b)fievov Herwerden.^^ iv{Tbs] Wessely thinks a c is visible before aKovljv. ^12 r^7os Cram. Anecd. Ox. ii. p. 436. 10, etc. ; (xriyos

schol. Arist. ; reixos Suid.

253

CALLIMACHUS

aW^ o^cAcs" âveetv rj vorarov ^ opx'^craGdaL.

Suid. s.v. (Gaisf. i. IO96) aW^ ktX.' eVetS')) rr)V

yXavKa orav Xdâxn ra Traihia irepiayovaiv^ r)

he jJiTj pXeiTOvaa St' rjfiepas cjOTrep opx^Lrar 7}

orav TrXTjyfj, reXevrwaa gtpe(f)erai ajGirep opxov-

fjLevrj. KaXXifxaxos iv 'EikoXtj Xeyei Trepl avrijs*

dpfJLol 7TOV KOLKetvip eTTeTpex^v d^pos ^ lovXos.

Suid. s.v. dpfjLOL TTOV "... KaXXifjiaxos iv 'E/caATy.

dpfJioX ktX. Of. E.M. s.v. dpfjLO).

^7)7r€L7js jj T ^ dpyos, dotSt/xos" Âhpiqureia.

Schol. Apoll. Rh. i. 1116.

ôvGGooVy 6v re pLvwrra ôwv KaXeovGiv dfxopÔL.

Suid. s.v. fjivcoip, . . . Aeycrat Trapd KaAAt/xa;!(aj>

iv ^^KaXj)' ôv£ GCx)os (sic) fJLVwip, 6 ras" ôvsGo^wv Koi hiajKCJVi but the whole line is quotedmore or less correctly schol. Odyss. xii. 299 andelsewhere, where it is attributed to Callimachus.

^ iravvffTaTov {irauijxiov C) Suid. ; corr. Bentley.2 dj3jt)65 Suid. ; Xeirrbs E.M. ; cf. Apoll. Rh. i. 973.

^ i] t' schol. ; corr. Bentley.

« The reference is to the owl's helplessness in the day-time, when it becomes the prey of other birds, and hence•was used by fowlers as a decoy, a practice known toAristotle, H.A. ix. 1, etc., and still employed, Aflalo, JV.H.

of Brit. Isles, p. 206 "The professional bird-catcher is . . .

254

t

HECALE

3 (43)

Would that thou hadst died or danced thy last

dance !

"

Suidas ..." Since when boys catch an owl theylead it about^ and it^ being unable to see, dances

—

so to say ; or, when struck, as it is dying, it twists as

if dancing. Callimachus mentions it in the Hecale.

4 (44)

The soft down of manhood was just springing onhis cheek. ^

5(45)

Where is the plain of Nepeia, Adrasteia theme of

song.*'

6 (46)

The ox-driving (gadfly) which herdsmen call the

goad of oxen.<^

content to use the blinking bird, dead or alive, as a decoy."For its method of defence, Plin. N.H. x. 39 *' resupinaepedibus repugnant." The crow, which is the natural enemyof the owl (Aristot. I.e.), may here be the speaker. y\av^was the name of a " funny " dance (Athenae. 629,Hesych. s.v.).

^ Reference is probably to Theseus. Cf. Paus. 1. 19.

I fjpovTO [07;crâ] abv xêvacLq, 6 ti Stj irapdivos €p &pq. ydfiov

irXavdrai fiovr).

" 'A5pdcrT€La or Â8pa<rTeias irediov was the name given tothe district about Cyzicus, Strabo 588. For dp7os = plain

cf. Strabo 372 dpyo^ 5k /cai to irediov Xeyerai rrapa rots vecvTspois

. . . fidXiara 5' oXovrai MaKedoviKov Kal QeTToXtKbv ehai. Cf.Eustath. on Dion. Perieg. 419, Apoll. Rh. I.e.

^ Cf. Apoll. Rh. iii. 276 f. olarpos . . . 8u re jxiwira ôQvKXeiovcri pofj-rjes.

255

CALLIMACHUS

oTTTTore Xvxi'ov

SaiOfjbdvov TTVpoevres dSrjv eyivovro fJLVKrjres.

Choerobosc. in Theodos. (Bekker, Anecd. p. 1399) ; cf.

schol. Arat. 976, schol. Aristoph. Vesp. 262.

OLVV /cat ÂiToXXajva navapKeos 'HeAtoto

;â)/3t ^ SiarfJL'q'yovaL Kal evnoBa ArjcoivrjV

'A/arc/xtSos".

Schol. Pind. N. i. 3 KaAAt/xapôs" iv AIkolXtj

(^sic)' ol vv ktX.

vat fJLOi TO piKVOV

cTV(j)ap ijjLoVy val rovro to SdvSpeov avov iov nep.

Suid. s.v. GV(j>ap, So s.v. val /xa to. Schol.

Apoll. Rh. i. 669.

yepyepLfjLov TTLTVpiv t€ /cat rjv OLTTedrJKaTO XevKTjv

etV dXl vijxôrdai <j)9ivoTrwpiha.

Athenaeus ii. 56 KaXXijJiaxos S' iv Trj ÊkolXtj

yevTj iXaojv /caraAeyet* yepyepLfiov TTLTvplv re.

^ X(api Herwerden, Lex. Gr. Suppl. ; x^pi- Bentley (x^pidiar/MTfiyovai Apoll. Dysc. De adverb, p. 549, etc., withoutname of author) ; x^pi'Of schol. Pind.

» A well-known sign of rain. Cf. Verg. Georg. i. 392.'^ i.e. Persephone, daughter of Deo = Deraeter.•^ The speaker is doubtless Hecale. The tree probably

is merely her staff. Cf. Horn. 11. i. 234 vol fik rode aKij-n-Tpov

rb nkv oH ITore <f)v\\a Kal ti^'ovs (fivaei kt\.^ If this is a single quotation from the Hecale, it would

seem that we have three sorts of olive mentioned with whichHecale entertained Theseus : (1) yepyipifx-os, (2) iriTvpts, (3)

XevKT) tpOiPowojpis. The first of these Suidas tells us was theolive ripened on the tree ; cf. Hesych. s.v. yepy^pifj-os, Athen.I.e., Suid. s.v. dpvTreTrrjs, etc. As to TriTvpLs Athen. I.e. saysthat according to Philemon the TrhvpLs is the (pavXla olive

;

which, according to Hesych. s.v., is "the kqtlvos (wild

256

HECALE

7(47)

When on the burning lamp fiery snufF gathers

abundantly.^*8 (48)

Who distinguish Apollo from all powerful Helios

and fair-footed Deoine ^ from Artemis.

9(49)

Nay, by my wrinkled hide, nay by this tree

withered as it is !'^

10 (50)

The ripened olive and the wild oHve and the

white olive which she put away to swim in brine in

autumn.^

Athen. : Callimachus in the Hecale gives a list of

olives. " The ripened olive .. ." '^VLid.. s.v.yepykptixov,

olive), or simply a species of olive." As to the XevK-q andits treatment, see Geopon. ix. 30, Cato, Af/ricult. 117, 118,

It is quite clear that these ohves were crushed before beingpickled. On the other hand the /co\i;//./3ds, which Suidassays is the (pdivoirojpis^ is not crushed, Geopon. ix. 33.

Pollux (vi. 45), too, enumerates four sorts, apparently,SpyTrerets eXaiat, aXfxddes, vrjKTides, Korivades. It is temptingto find four sorts corresponding to these in Callimachus, i.e.

yepyipi/iios = dpvir., X(VKr] = a\iJ.., (pdLvoTnapls^vrfKT., Tr'nvpLS= kot.

It may or it may not (Maass, Hermes, xxiv. (1889), p. 523) besignificant that Nonnus connects the phrase aV dXi v-qx- (f^^iv.

with Molorcus, not Hecale. If, however, we do take\€VKTf) (pdiv. together, should we compare Cato, Agricult. 118" oleam albam quam secundum vindemiam uti voles, sic

condito " ?

s 257

CALLIMACHUS

Suid. s.v. yepyeptfjiov, rrjv iv rco SevSpo) TreTravdetaav

eXaiav, Trirvpiv re Kal -^v aTrediqKaro XevK-qVy

rovT€(TTL rrjv GwdXaadetGav /cat ovrws OLTToredeLGav

iXalav, elv dXl Se vijx^^^^'' <t>0ivo7TO)pihay rrjv

KoXvjjL^dSa XeyeL. Cf. Nonnus xvii. 54 f. x^^''?^^'

CTTepaXXe rpaTre^r]\elv dXi vr^xopêvrjs <f)divo7TO}pihos

dvdos iXalrjg|Bpoyyos e^coi' fiiixruxa îXoaropyoio

vopurjos [i.e. Molorcus who entertained Heracles].

Plin. N.H. xxii. 88 Estur et sonchos—ut quemTheseo apud Callimachum adponat Hecale—uterque,

albus et niger.

Sehol. Nicandr. Ther. 909 KprjOfjuov * tjtol XdxavovicTTL. Kal yap fJLefjLvrjrat avrov Kal KaAAt/xa;^05

iv rfj 'E/coAry.

Plin. N.H. xxvi. 82 eadem vis crethmo ab Hippo-crate admodum laudato, est autem inter eas quaeeduntur silvestrium herbarum. banc certe apudCallimachum adponit rustica ilia Hecale. I

SivoijL€vr]v VTTO ^ ôvctIv ifjLTjv i<f)vXaGGov aXoja»

Suid. s.v. S€LvovfJL€V7)v. E.M. s.v. dXojs. Cf.

Cramer, Anecd. Ox. ii. p. 376, Bekker, Anecd. p. 1440,

etc.

^ virb Suid. ; trepl.

* Philemon Holland's rendering of these words is worthquoting as a specimen of how translation was done in thespacious times of Elizabeth ;

*' Moreover, the SowthJstle is

258

HECALE

the olive ripened on the tree, " the wild olive ..." i.e.

the olive bruised and so put away ;" to swim . . ."he

means the KoXvfji/3ds. Cf. Nonnus :" And abundantly

did Brongus put on the table the flower of autumnolive swimming in brine, imitating the kindly herds-

man (Molorcus)."

11 (63)

The sow-thistle is also eaten— seeing that iu

Callimachus Hecale serves it to Theseus—both whiteand black.**

12 (64)

(«) Crethmon, a vegetable ; for Callimachusmentions it in the Hecale.

(b) "Of the same power is Sampler^ [marg. OrCrestmarine], so highly commended by Hippocrates:

now is this one of the wild woorts which are usually

eaten in salads : and certes, this is that very hearbewhich the good countrey wife Hecale forgat not to

set upon her bourd in a feast that she made (as wemay read in Callimachus the Poet)." (Holland.)

13 (51)

. . . watched my threshing-floor trodden by the

oxen.

an hearbe for to be eaten : for we read in the Poet Cal-

limachus, That the poore old woman Hecale, at what time asprince Theseus fortuned upon necessitie to take his repast

in her simple cottage, made him a feast, and set before hima principall dish of Sowthistles. Two kinds there bee ofthem, the white, and the blacke."

* Samphire {i.e. (herbe de) Saint Pierre, St. Peter's

herb) or sea-fennel is said to make an excellent pickle.

^59

CALLIMACHUS

rfVLKa fxev yap ravra âetVerat dv6p(x)7TOLGiVy

avTol fiev cj)LX€ovcr\ avrol Se re 7Te<j>piKaoLV'

iuiripLov (jiiXiovGLV, drap urvyiovaiv icoov.

Olympiodorus in Meteor. Aiistot. p. 12 on yap 6

avTos" icrn Kal icpos Kal icnrepioSi StjXol /cat KaA-XifJLaxo? Xeycjv iv AiKaXr) [sic]' rjVLKa fxev yapâiverai rols dvOpconois ravra [corr. Hecker] . . .

aTTOcrrvyeovaLV ecoov. Eustath. //. 1271. 35 cos Kal

K-aXXifJidxcp SoK€L €v9a (f>7]aiv cos iaTripiov ^tAeoucnv,

drap crrvyeovcTLV icoov. So the last line is given

Tzetz. Ckil. viii. 837, Ep. xliii.

rj 8' eKorjGev

rovv€K€V Alyios €(tk€.

Ammonius, De simiL et diff. voc. p. 139 Valck.,

E.M. s.v. KodXefjiov. Cf. Hellad. Phot Bibl. p. 531.

\S, Suid. s.v. €k67]G€V.

7ToXv7rra)K€S re MeAatvat.

Etym. Gud. 300. 11 rrapd KaAAt/xa;!â) ttoXv. KrX.

Steph. Byz. M.eXaivelSy Srjfjios rrjs Âvrtoxlôg ^vXrjs.

JâXXifJLaxos 8e MeAatVas" <^7ô"t rov Srjfiov iv

*E/caA27.

Steph. Byz. s.v. Tpivefjuels, Sijfjios rrjs KeKpoiriSos

^vXrjs. . . . JâXXifjiaxos 'E/cciAt^ Tptve/jLetav.

« The reference is to the planet Venus, otherwise knownas the Evening or Morning Star, the identity of which is

said to have been first recog:nized by Pythagoras (Plin. JV.H.ii. 37), as it also was by Parmenides (Aet. Plac. ii. 15, 4Hapfj.eviSrjs irpQiTov jxh Ta.TT€L rov e(ôv tov avrbv 8^ vofjuôfievov

vir' ai)Tov /cat 'icirepov). It is natural to connect this passagewith Hecale i. 4, and the reference will be to the workman

260

HECALE

14 (52)

For while it is the same thing that appears to

men, the selfsame people love and loathe : at even-

tide they love it^ but in the morn abhor."

Olympiodorus : The identity of the morning andevening star is shown by Callimachus when he says

in the Hecale " For while," etc.

15 (53)

But she knew that he was the son of Aegeus.^

16 (56 + 528)

And Melaenae abounding in hares.

17 (57)

Trinemeis, a deme of the Cecropid tribe. . . .

Callimachus in the Hecale calls it Trinemeia.

who welcomes the evening star and hates the morning star.

So of the thief, Catull. Ixii. 34 f., of the bride [Verg.l Cir.

349 ff.

* "She" is probably Hecale and "he" is Theseus.Ammonius notes the use of ToijP€K€v = 8TL, which he says is

doubly wrong : (1) it should be omcKa, (2) even if roHveKacould be used for ovveKa^ rovvcKev could not.

261

CALLIMACHUS

Hesych. s.v. y7](l)d'yoL' Trevrjres, airopoiy cos rag

iK yfjs pordvas GLTtôfJuevoi rpo^rjs dfioipovvres.

crrdSiov 8* {xftiecrro )(Lra)va.

Schol. Apoll. Rhod. iii. 1226 rivks 8e ardhiov J)s

ewrayrj, ov /cat KaAAt/xa;^©? Xeyec ardSiov ktX.

Suid. s.v. GrdSiov . . . /cat OTaStos" ;^tTo;v, o ttoSt^-

pyjs, 6 reXeios, Trapd K-aXXtfidxcp iv 'E/caAi^.

iv jxev yap TpoL^rjvL KoXovpatrj vtto Trerpr)

drJK€ crvv dpTTiSeorGL.

Tzetz. Lycophr. 494, cf. id. 1322. E.M. s.v. dpTris.

Suid. s.v. KoXovpaia Tverpa.

€ut' dv 6 Trats dno ptev yvaXov XLBov dyKdaaaaBaidpKLOs Tj xîpecjOLV eXcjv AlS-qi/jLOV dop.^

AijJLvaCa) §€ ;ô/oooTaSa? Tjyov ioprds.

Schol. Aristoph. Ran. 21 6. Cf. Steph. Byz. s.v.

AipLvat.

^ Schol. A Horn. II. v. 99 rb yvaXbv Srav iirWeTov rj

oûverar edr' hv . . . dyKdaaaadai. This anonymous fragmentshould most probably be combined with Steph. Byz. s.v.

AtSrixJ/os. . . Kai KaWifxaxos 'EKdXrf ApKios ^[sic] x^^Pô'O'i-i' e\wvAldrixf/iov &op (Schneider 51 a).

" It is clear that the meaning of a-rddLos X''"'*"' wasdoubtful in antiquity. The explanation of the E.31. is

adopted in view of Paus. i. 19 ota 8^ xtrcDva ^xo^/roj avrov

262

HECALE

18 (58)

Earth-eaters : i.e. poor, needy ; implying that

for lack of food they eat herbs from the earth.

19 (59)

And he had, underneath, a tunic reaching to his

feet.«

Schol. Apoll. Rhod. I.e. : Some take gtolSlos ^s

"well-compacted," as Callimachus says, etc.

20 (66)

For in Troezen under a hollow rock he put (his

sword) together with his shoes. ^

21 (fr. anonym. 331 +fr. 51a)

When the boy should be able to lift with his handsthe hollow rock, taking the Ae4epsian '^ sword. . . .

22 (66 a)

And they held choral festivals in honour of the

god of the Marshes.'^

[i.e. Theseus] irodi^pr]. In Apollonius the reference is tothe 6d)prj^ (rrddios, a breastplate of stiff plates of armour asopposed to the Owprj^ aXvaidwrds, a breastplate of chainarmour, lorica annulata. But the a-Tadios (dpOoa-rddios) x'T-ci*'

is merely an ungirt tunic reaching to the feet.

* For the legend of Aegeus see Introduction." Aedepsus in Euboea, Strabo Ix. 425, 455, notable

for its hot springs, cf. Plutarch, Mor. 667 c, 487 f, Aristot.

Meteor. 366 a 29, Plin. N.H. xxxi. 29. Euboea in generalwas famous for iron work.

<* Dionysus.

263

calLimachus

> \

TOVTO yap avr7]V

KcofJLTJraL KoXeov TrepLTjyees.^

Suid. s.v. KcofjLTJTai' /cat ol yeiroves . . • KaA-

Xifxaxos 'E/caAT^' rovro ktX.

TraXaiOera KoXa KaOripei.

Etym. Paris. 2720 (Cramer, Anec. Par. iv. 53) KaA-

Xifiaxos 'E/coAt^' TTaXaldera ktX. Cf. Suid. s.v.

KoiXa TToXaiOera.

vol fJLCL TOV.

Suid. s.v. val fJLa ro' . . . /cat 'E/caA?^ eiTre "iât

/xa TOV /cat ovk€tl €7ray€L rov ueoVy pvu[JLLC,€L oe

o Aoyos" Trpos evaeêiav.

ov yap fjLOL irevLT) Trarpcj'Cos, ovh^ airo TTaTTTrcov

elfjLi XcrrepvTJTLS' PdXe pbOL, jSaAe to rpirov etr].

E.M. s.v. XLTTepvfJTis (cod. -Vossianus Gaisford).

Et. Flor. p. 207 Muller. Schol. Dion. Thrac. p. ^^îy.

15 jSaAe jLtot . . . €lr]y KaAAt/xa;)ô?.

Schol. Eurip. Hippol. 32 irerpav 8e naAAaSos"

^T^CTt TO iv TTj 'Arrt/CTj rAau/ccoTTtov, ov JâXXifJuaxos

€v 'E/caAiy fiefJLVTjTai.

^ aiiT^ . . . wepiayês Suid. ; corr. Toup.

« Cf. Plut. Thes. 14 oi v^pt^ drj/xoi . . . ttjv 'EkclXtiv

iTLfxGiv "EiKa\ivT)v vwoKopi^dfxevoi. For irepirjyês cf. Callira.

Hymn. iv. 198.* Hecale entertaining Theseus takes down the fire-

264

HECALE

23 (66 b)

For so the villagers round about called her.

24 (66 c)

(She) took down the long-stored logs.^

25 (66d)

Nay, by the (god).

Suid. : And Hecale said " nay by the . . ./' with-

out adding the name of the god, a form of speechaccommodated to piety.

26 (66 e)

I do not inherit poverty from my fathers nor amI needy from my ancestors. I would, I would I hadthe third !

«

27 (66 f)

By the Rock of Pallas he means the Glaucopion ^

in Attica which Callimachus mentions in the Hecale.

wood which had been laid up to dry above the chimney :

vir^p Kairvov Hesiod, W. 45.'^ The natural sense seems to be that Hecale wishes

that she had a third of the wealth of her ancestors.

Schneider takes Hecale to wish that, in addition to goodbirth and a reasonable competence, she had the third thing,

i.e. children.'^ For the Glaucopion cf. Strabo vii. 299.

265

CALLIMACHUS

Suid. s.v. KcoAtas" vaos eari Trjs Â<f>poBLTr]s ovrco

KaXovfievos . . . . fiifivrjraL Kal KaAAt/xa;)^©? iv

'E/coAt;.

Schol. Euseb. Praep. Evang. iv. l6 ov ttjv irpos

rats Âd^qvaLS SaAa/xtra Aey€t. avrr) yap KouAou-

pLS TToXai eAeycTO, <hs Kal KaAAt/xa;^©? iv 'E/coAj?

cl>r]GLV, aAAa tt^v /cara K.V7TpovllaXafXLva Xiyei.

Wl, Trprjela yvvaiKaJv,

rrjv oBov tjv aviai dvjjiaXyeeg ov Trepocjoiv.

TToXXoLKL aelo <Se>,^ fjuala, <j>iXo^€LVOio KaXirjs

IxvTjGOfJLeda' ^vvov yap irravXiov eaKev aTracrtv.

Suid. s.v. irravXiov Be pLovij. TTCpl 'E/caAT^s" davov-

cn)S' Wl ktX. Cf. E.M. s.v. ddvaros. . . . Wl , , .

TTepocoGL, KaAAt/xap^ôs".

TOVV€Ka Kal V€KV€9 TTOpdfJLT^LOV OV TL cf>€pOVTaL

flOVVT] €VL TTToXlOJV, 6 T€ TedflLOV OLG€fl€V aXXoVg

iv arofidT€GGL vecbs *Ax€povT€Las ^ iiripadpov

(BaVOLKT^v).

E.M. s.v. BavaKrjs vopiiaiiaros iarLV ovopua âp-papLKov, TrXiov oôXov, o rols v€Kpols iv roXs

GTopiaaLV irldecrav' KaXXlfiaxos' rovveKa ktX.

^ <5^> Editor ; voWaKt. aeto jULa?a Siiidas.^ 'Ax^poureias Casaubon ; 'Axepovcrias.

" Theseus addresses Hecale whom he finds dead on his

return from his capture of the Marathonian bull.* The reference is to Hermione. The district about

Herraione in Argolis was associated with the worship ofDemeter and Persephone and it was there that Demeter

266

HECALE

28 (66g)

Colias, name of a temple of Aphrodite . . .

mentioned by Callimachus in the Hecale.

29 (66h)

He does not mean the Salamis off Athens^ for

that was anciently called Culuris, as also Callimachus

says in the Hecate, but Salamis in Cyprus.

30 (131)

Go, kind among women, on that journey whereaching sorrows do not pass ; but often, mother, shall

I remember thy hospitable cabin ; for it was an inn

open to all.'*

31 (110)

Wherefore only in that city the dead carry not a

fee for the ferry, such as it is the custom for others

to carry in the mouth to pay their passage on the

ship of Acheron (a doit).^

E.M. : Danaces, a barbarous coin, more than anobol, which used to be put in the mouth of the dead;Callimachus: "Wherefore, etc." Cf. Suid. s.v. irop-

first got news of her lost daughter. Here was the district

called Aegialiis mentioned by Suidas, cf. Paus. ii. 34. 9.

So Strabo viii. 373 irap "Epfj-ioveOai. 8^ redp^XrjraL ttjv els Atdov

Kard^aaiv auvTOfxov elvaL' SidTrep ovk evTidiaatv ivTavda rots veKpols

vavKov. As the same district—Hermione to Troezen—wasassociated with the birth of Theseus and his recovery of thegnorismata (Paus. ii. 34. 6), it seems that the passage maybe safely referred to the Hecale.

267

CALLIMACHUS

Cf. Suid. s.v. TTOpdfjL'^'Cov, 6 (jllgOos rov vavrov.

iLaXXifJuaxos' TOVV€Ka . . . têpovrai. iv AlytaXco

yap Kara^daiov ianv "AtSou, ets" o avreAôucra rj

ArjiJL'qrrjp efiade Trapa rcov TrepLolKcov Trepl rrjs

Koprjs. Kal ehcxyprjGaTO avrols, co? Xiyei, d<j)€(nv

rod 7TopdfjLr)LOV. Cf'. Suid. s.vv. Âx^povala andSavaKT), Pollux ix. 6.

dAAd derjs, Torts' /xe hiOLKTOpov 'iX\a)(€ naAAds".

E.M. s.v.hiaKTOpos' . . . rov yap*lEipfjLov iiride-

Tov Trapa 8e rols aX\ois TTOir^rals airXihs €7rt

rod hiaKovov rideraL. KaXXlpLaxos eirl yXavKosTO €77ideTOV' dAAd derj^ ktX.

o fJLev €lAk€V, o o eiirero vcovpos ooirrj^.

Schol. Apoll. Rhod. i. 11 62 /cat JâXXtfiaxos emrov ravpov rjrrrjdevros <f>7]GLV' 6 puev ktX.

TTeSiXa, ra firj irvoe vrix^ros evpcLs.

Suid. s.v. €vp(x)S' vypoTTjs aeGrr^TTVia. KaXXlfxaxos

'

TTcStAa ktX. Cf. id. s.v. vijx^ros epojs [sic].

€K 8* dprovs GLTTvrjOev dXts KardOrjKev iXovaa.

Zonaras, p. l645 glttvt]' to KavioKiov ^ 7] dpTo-diqKT). lâXXtfjiaxos' €K S' dprovs ktX. Cf.

Apoll. Dysc. De adverb, p. 605. 6.

« The fact that the owl is the speaker points to this beingfrom the Hecale.

^ The reference to the bull seems to assign this to theHecale.

268

HECALE

djx-q'iov, a sailor's hire; Callimachus : "Wherefore/'etc. In Aegialus is a descent to Hades, whereDemeter got news of her daughter, and, it is said,

she granted them a remission of the ferryman's fee.

32 (164)

But of the goddess, even Pallas who hath me for

her appointed messenger."

E.M. : SiaKTopos ; epithet of Hermes, In other

poets used simply as " messenger." Callimachus has

the epithet of an owl. "But . .."

33 (275)

He haled and the other [i.e. the bull] followed, a

sluggish traveller.^

Schol. Apoll Rhod. : Callimachus uses it of the

defeated bull : "He . .."

34 (313)

The sandals which the abundant mould had not

rotted. ^^

35 (454)

And from the bin she took loaves in plenty andset them down.

« It is natural to assume that the reference is to

the sandals of Aegeus and that the fragment belongs to theHecale. For vqx^To^ cf. schol. Apoll. Rh. iii. 530 vrixvTov

vboip ' TO iroXi'X^TOV ' t6 yap vfj Kai ar^prjaLv <j7)fji.aivei /cat iiriTaaiv'

Kal axvverov vdojp [Nicandr. Alex. 174], to ttoXv, Kara, "loopas

Acat St/ceXiciras. Cf. Musaeus247, Hesych. s.v. vtjxvtov ' ttoXv.

269

IAMBIIntroduction

That Callimachus was the author of a poetic workentitled Iambi—though it is not included in the list of his

works hy Suidas— was known from various citations

referring" to KaXXt'^axos iv 'Idfx^oLs or iv XojXid/x/Socs. Ourknowledge of this work is now considerably increased bythe discovery of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1011 (ed. A. S.

Hunt, 1910) and 1363 (ed. JB. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt,1915). The latter, it is true, extends but to thirty lines,

none of which is preserved entire, and nearly all of whichare beyond restoration. Yet even so it is able to confirman ingenious conjecture of Bentley (see Iamb. 5 (86)below). But the former preserves for us a considerable

fragment of the Iambi, and, though large portions of it are

in a state of. hopeless mutilation, we are able to gain fromit some knowledge of the nature and method of the work.

Metrically, the Papyrus makes it clear that the workwas written not only in Iambic Trimeters and Choliambic(Scazon) Trimeters but also in Trochaic Tetrameters—notapparently in Trochaic Tetrameters Scazon {i.e. endingin

I

— instead of— v-/|—), which were sometimes written

by Hipponax (Diog. Laert. i. 84). As to Callimachus'

management of those metres we learn various details, e.g.

that in his Choliambs he did not permit a spondee in the

5th foot but did allow an anapaest in the 2nd and 4th;

and that he frequently neglected the caesura in his

Trochaic Tetrameters.As to the contents of Papyrus JOll, it preserves for

us the opening lines of the Iambi and proves the truth ofwhat was previously only a conjecture, that Callimachusappears in the character of the New Hipponax or Hipponaxredivivus who returns from Hades not to pursue his

quarrel with Bupalus, but to sing a new song.

Two episodes are preserved in sufficient completenessto give us quite a good idea of the style and character ofthe work—the episode of the Cup of Bathycles and that

of the Quarrel of the Olive and the Laurel. The latter

explains itself, but a word of explanation is perhapsnecessary in regard to the first.

Diogenes Laertius i. 27 ff. gives us, in his life of Thales,various versions of the legend. Certain Ionian youths

270

IAMBI

bought from some fishermen of Miletus their ''shot"(^6\os). A tripod being fished up, a dispute ensued, until

the Milesians sent to Delphi to consult Apollo, whodeclared the tripod to belong to " him who is first of all

in wisdom." So it was given to Thales, who passed it onto another, and he to a third, and so on until it came to

Solon, who declared that " the god was first in wisdom "

and sent the tripod to Delphi. ''A different version of

the story," says Diogenes Laertius, " is given by Calli-

machus in his Iambi, which he took from Maeandrius of

Miletus (author of MiXrjo-ta/cd, a work on the antiquities

of Miletus). According to this version Bathycles, anArcadian, left a cup ((piAX-r]) with instructions that it begiven Tuv cro(f)uiv t4> 6vr)to-T({}. It was presented to Thales,

and in the course of its circuit to Thales again. He sent

it to Apollo at Didymi with the dedication, according to

Callimachus : QaXijs /xe rtp /xedeOvTi. NetX^w 8-qfxov \didujai.,

TovTo Sis Xa/3u)j/ dpLarelov. The prose inscription is : QoKtjs

'E|a/ii5oi; MtXiycTios 'A7r6XXwi't AeX0ivt<^ 'EX\r)vuv lapiareiov Sis

\a^{bv. The son of Bathycles who carried round the cupwas called Thyrion, according to Eleusis, On Achilles,

etc." Diogenes gives other versions of the story. Ac-cording to one, the prize was a golden cup presented byCroesus ; according to another it was a tripod offered bythe Argives ; or it was a tripod belonging to a ship ofPeriander, which was wrecked on its way to Miletus, thetripod being recovered by some fishermen j or, finally, it

was a tripod wrought by Hephaestus and given by himas a wedding-present to Pelops, from whom it passed to

Menelaus. When Paris carried off Helen, he took thetripod also, but Helen threw it into the sea off Cos,

prophesying that it would be a bone of contention. Soit came to pass afterwards that some men of Lebedosbought the draught of some Coan fishermen, who, whenthey fished up the tripod, refused to fulfil their bargain.

The Lebedeans appealed to their metropolis Miletus,

which declared war on Cos. After many on both sides

had fallen, an oracle told them to " give it to the wisest."

Both parties agreed to give it to Thales who, after

circulating it, dedicated it to Apollo at Didymi.

271

lAMBOI

Oxyrhynch. Papyr. 1011 (in Oxyrhynchus Papyri,

vii. (1910) p. 31 ff. ed. by A. S. Hunt).

Fol. 2 verso

Â^KOvaad* îTTTTwvaKTOs ' [o]i5 yap dAA* 'qKOJ^

€/C TWV OKOV pOVV KoX\v[fioV TT^LTTpljaKOVGiU,^

(jiipcjv lafMôv ov P'dx'Tjv [aetSJoi^ra

[TrjvBo]v7T[dX]€LOV,^ [KaL]vd ..[... d]vdpCU'7T0S Q5

[ I""'"

Fol. 2 recto

WTToXXov 9 Tra/a' alTToXo) {JLvlai

. . (j)€LKes . Vo dvfjLaros AeAôu. at/xtv LV (L VctTTy irXridevs

. . iXois eV TTVorjv dvaXcoa-ei jqq

^ =Callim. fr. 92 Schneider, i.e. Hephaestion v. 4, schol.

Aristoph. Nub. 232, Ban. 58, Suid. s.??. ou yap dWd.2 =Callim. fr. 85 Schneider, i.e. Pollux ix. 72 ei'T? 5' a*/

/cai kSWvôv XeirTOv tl vofua-fjLdTtou. K.aWlfiaxos yovu ^(prj, irepi

Twv iv q.dov \iy(j}v, 'E/c tQ}v kt\., cos Slv eliroL tcs toO

irpO(TTVX'l>VTO$.

^ (p^puu . . . BovTrdXeLov = CaUim, fr. 90 Schneider, i.e.

Julian, Ep. xxx. irpocrdeis tovs Idfxôvs ov fidxv^ deldovras ttjv

BowTrdXetoj', Kara tov Kvprivauov Trotr)T7ju. Schol. Saib.,

Hephaest. p. 30 Gaisford wapd KaX\tfx.dxv ^^ (0 laixôi)

272

IAMBI

Hear ye Hipponax *! Nay indeed I come from

that place where they sell an ox for a penny ; bring-

ing an iamb which sings not the quarrel with Bupalus,

but news [such as a dead man might have for theliving].

O Apollo ! [they throng] like flies beside a goat-

herd or [many as] the wasps [that buzz about the

priest] after a Delphian sacrifice. O Hecate ! whata crowd !

^ [On you, poor wretches, Charon] will

" Callimachus is a Hipponax redivivus, who comes fromHades where things are proverbially cheap (see note onEpigr. xv. 6). Hipponax of Ephesus circ. 550 b.c, famousiambographer and reputed inventor of the choliambic metre.Especial objects of his satire were the sculptors Bupalusand Athenis of Clazomenae, whither he had retired whenAthenagoras became tyrant of Ephesus.

* The restoration assumes that Hipponax redivivus ex-presses amazement at the crowd of shades on the hither

bank of Acheron, whom Charon has to ferry over to theripa ulterior. A " Delphian sacrifice " was proverbial, cf.

Paroem. Gr. Gaisford, p. 130 : "If you sacrifice at Delphi,you will eat no meat yourself : Of those who spend muchand get no benefit ; since sacrificers at Delphi, on accountof the number of the guests, got nothing to eat themselves."The reference of 111 f. is unknown.

Kaivbv elvai doKec ws " (pipwv tafx-^op ov fxdxv^ deidovra tt]v

BofTrdXeioj'.

"

^ The schol. just quoted suggests that the word after'BovrraKiLov is Kaivd : perhaps something like Kaivb. 8' oV hvdvdpcofros

Idavwv ddvaLTo rots ^ooTcxlv dyyeWeip.

T 273

CALLIMACHUS

... , V Xov rov TpL^cova yvfJLva>[a . .

acoTTTj ycvecrOci) Kal ypd(f>€Gd€ ttjv prjoLV.

dvTjp BadvKXrj^ 'Ap/cas"

—

ov /juaKpriv d^co

, . . V , a iv€y /cat yap ovo avros

fieya crxoXd^[(x}v] elpX Trap [xecrov SuveXv 105

. . . €vax€po . . . s"• T . . . 7t/ XaiUTL ...''...

iyevero ttcx [vjra S* ctx^v oTotlv dvOpcjirois

Beol TcAey as* eTTLGTavrai?-

rovs fJLev evda, rovg 8' evda 111

€(IT7]G€ <K>OV /cAcOCTTTj/jaS" ' €t)^€ ydp SeGfJLOS

fjLeXXovras 'rjSr] TrapOevois dXivSelaOai.^

<€7rX€VG€v is MlXrjTOV rjv ydp r) vlkt)

©oAt^tos', OS" r' tJv raAAa Se^to? yv6t)/x27,>

Fol. 3 verso

Kal rrjs Âfjbd^rjs iXeycro araOfjiijcraadai^

Tovs darepiaKovSyfj

irXiovai OotVt/ces". 120

evpev 8* o 7rpovG€Xrivo{s^ alaicp gltttj

iv Tov AiBvpueos rov y€p[o]vra /ca>v<€t>a>

^vovra TTjv yrjv Kal ypd<f)ovra to crp^/xa

^ The provisional restoration which we translate is

:

&iro\\ov, [dxêOf^' w]s Trap' aiVdXy fxviai [^ a"]0<7;>/fes [djUi<f>'

iprj'] 'irb d^jfiaros Ae\(f)ov l6(r]<.o';>t. iui.iv[vptôv<r']LV ' & 'Kart] irXrjdevs.

[5e]iXots iu [vfxiu ttjv'] ttvotju dvaXwaei [Xd/jwji' [diJ.a\]\ov t6v

Tplûjpa yvfjLViblaas], cioirri yev^crdu Kal ypA<p€<y6€ ttjv pijcrip.

dvT)p 'BadvK\ri% 'Ap/ccts

—

ov fiaKpi^v fi|a) [656]j' [\<,6yyu}v a\ &êjij/e, Kal yap ovS' avrbs fi^ya (rxoXd^[a>j'] eijxl Trap fiecrov diveiv

[rb X^^'^f^y^ 'Ax^po[j'To]s ' t[Qv] Tr[a'\\ai<,oyTr[XovT€{/vTU}v'\ iyevero,

Trd[v]Ta 5' etx^v olatv dvdpibTrois deol reXevlrdv rds X'^P'''']«s

eTrlaravTai. In the last line reXevrdv evrvxio-^ might be read.^ V. 113 quoted anonymously in E.M. s.v. dXivdC)' rb

KvXl(a ' otov (ji^XXovTas ktX.^ These, with the two preceding lines, constituted formerly

274

IAMBI

expend his breathy baring his [napless] coat. Letthere be silence and write down my tale.

One Bathycles an Arcadian—I will not lead you.

Sir, by a long [path of words] ; for I myself have nogreat leisure to tarry hard by the stream of Acheron—was [one of the rich from of old] and he had all

those things wherewith the gods know to [perfect

their favours] to men.

Some here, some there he set the spindles ; for

a string held them ready for the maidens to twirl.

He * sailed to Miletus ; for the victory fell to

Thales,^ who was a man of clever mind in general

and who was said to have mapped out the little stars

of the Wain'' by which the Phoenicians sail. Andthe prelunar<^ visitor by happy luck found the old

man in the temple of Apollo of Didymi * scratching

the ground with a cane and drawing the figure which

« Thyrion, son of Bathycles.* Thales of Miletus, the earliest Greek philosopher. His

most famous feat in astronomy was his prediction of thesolar eclipse of 28th May 585 b.c.

Ursa Minor, the Lesser Bear, by which the Phoenicianssailed, while the Greeks sailed by Ursa Major. Arat. 37 if.

mos, p. 23 rendeetc. as " used as a standard, i.e. for finding the Pole, theSir T, Heath, AriHarchus ofSamos, p. 23 renders aTadfnfiaacrdaL

small stars of the Wain," but the Greek merely means thathe mapped out the constellation ; cf. Pind. 0. xi. 45.

^ i.e. Arcadian. The primitive character of the Arcadianswas indicated by the saying that they were older than themoon (Aristot. fr. 591, Apoll. Rh. iv. 264, Lycophr. 482).

« See critical notes on Branchiis.

frag. 94= Achilles on Aratus, Phaen. i., cf. Diog. Laert.

i. 23 Ka\Xt/x.axos avrbv (sc. QdXrjra) oldev evperrju ttjs dpKTov

TTJs fiLKpas, X^yoju iv roh IdfijSoLs oi/rws" Kal ttjs . . . ^olviKes.

275

CALLIMACHUS

rov^€vp* 6 ^pv^ ^v(f)op^[os], oarts" dvOpcorrcov

rp [ly]o)va /cat aK[aX7]va] irpcorog eyp[a]ê 125

/cat kvkXov e7r[Ta/X7j/ce', rjSe vqareveiv

Twv ifX7iV€6 [yr^cuv e[t77ev ol 8' vinJKOVGav

ov iravres, aAA' ovs Îx^^ [ovrepos Salficov.^

TTpOS 807 [jJ^']^'^ <^8' €(f)'r]<J€.[

€K€l[vo] TOvXoXpVGOV 6^. [ 13t)

ovfJLols] TTarrjp i(f)€LTO tov[

Sou [vat] TL9 vfjueajv rcov ao<f)[a)v ovquaros^

^ Diog. Laert. i. 24 irapd re AlyvTrTtuv yeufjieTpeiv fxadovra

\sc. Thales] <pr}<xl YiafjL<f>iKr} Tpdrov Karaypaxl/ai k(ik\ov rb rpl-

yoovov opdoydovLov koL dvcrai fiovy. ol d^ Uvdaydpav (paaiv, &viariu 'ATToWodupos 6 XoyicrrLKos. oiros Trpo-qyayev iirl irXeTcrTou

& <pr]<n KaXKlfiaxos iv Toh 'Id/A/3ots Ev<popj3ov edpeiv rbv ^piya,oXov (XKokqva kuI Tplywva Kal 6Va ypafJL/JLLKijs i^xcrai deojplas.

Diodor. Sic. x. 6 8ti KaWifxaxos elire irepi IlvOaydpov, didri

TU)v iv yeufierpiq. Trpo^XrjfiaTWV ret p.^ f5pf> â 5^ iK ttjs Alyvirrov

irpQros els rods "'EXKrjpas ijveyKeu, iv oh 6t eêvpe [Tovêvpe?J

^pd^ Ef/ôp/Sos Sans avdpdiiroLS rpiyuva Kal crKa\7]va Kal kOkXov

iirTafJLTjKT) didaê vrjcrreveiv tQv ijxirvebvTiaVy ol rdd' ov5' vwr]KOV(rav

vavres. Schol. Pind. P. iii. 64 KaWifiaxos be (p-rjaiv oi iravres

dX\' o&s âx'^v erepos bai/iiwv.

^ Diog. Laert. i. 28 iina-KTjxI/aL bovvai tQv aocpwv 6vrjt<xTif}.

8ov[vai] tLs Housman, coll. Hymn iv. 185, Epig. xxx. 2,

frag. 272, Ait. iii. 1. 60. Add (according to present Editor)Hymn i. 93. The reading seems to be confirmed by theoracle given to the Milesians : tLs aocpirj iravrcov wpCJTOs, tovtov

rpiirob' avbQi (Diog. Laert. i. 28).

** Euphorbus was a Trojan slain by Menelaus (Horn. H.xvii. 59) of whom Pythagoras of Saraos declared himselfto be a reincarnation, Diog. Laert. viii. 4 f., Aul. Gell. iv.

11. 14. The mathematical achievements here attributed toPythagoras are referred to with such brevity that themeaning is exceedingly obscure. The figure which Thalesis found drawing appears to be the describing of a circle

about a right-angled triangle, which was attributed to Thalesor Pythagoras (Diog. Laert. i. 24), in other words the demon-

276

IAMBI

the Phrygian Euphorbus * discovered : who first of

men drew triangles and scalenes and the seven-length

circle and who bade men abstain from eating living

things : ^ and his teaching was hearkened to, not

by all but by some misguided men.*'

To him he spake thus :"

. . . that cup of solid

gold my father enjoined me to give to him who is

stration of the theorem that "the angle in a semicircle is aright angle." The words rplyuva koL aKoK-qvd—the Kal whichwas suspect in Diog. Laert.'s aKok-qva Kal Tpiy^va and Dio-dorus's Tpiyojva Kal a-Ka\r)ud is now confirmed by the Papyrus

—

can apparently mean only " triangles and scalene triangles."

Dr. T. G. Smyly of Trinity College, Dublin, suggests that

there may be a reference to the theorem that " the sum of

the angles of a triangle is two right angles," which, accord-ing to Geminus, was proved first for equilateral, next for

isosceles, and lastly for scalene triangles (the most difficult

case) ; or to the theorem that " the square on the hypotenuseof a right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squareson the sides," Such triangles must, if the sides are com-mensurable, be scalene. Were it not for the context it

would be tempting, as Professor E. T. Whittaker suggests,

to take the phrase to refer to triangular numbers and scalene

numbers, especially in view of the arithmetical bent of

Pythagoras ; and it is, of course, possible that Callimachushas confused numbers with geometrical figures. What is

meant by kvkXos eTTTa/xrjKrts remains an unsolved problem.The interesting suggestion is made by Dr. Smyly that there

may be a reference to the distances of the seven planets

and the original form of the theory of the " harmony of the

spheres " (see Heath, Aristarchus of Samos, p. 107 ff.).

* According to some Pythagoras enjoined abstention fromall animal food—€fx\pvxo}v dirix^crdaL Onesicritus ap. Strabon.

716, Porphyr. De abstin. 7 who quotes Eudoxus as saying

that he refused even to associate with butchers {/mdyeipot) andhunters. According, however, to Aristoxenus he fimited

his abstinence to the ploughing ox and the ram (Diog. Laert.

viii. 20, Aul. Gell. iv. 11).c 8alfj.u}v 'erepos, euphemism for an " evil genius "

; Pind. P.iii. 34, Plato, Phaedo 114 e, Plut. Mor. 369 e.

277

CALLIMACHUS

rcjv iirrd' Krjyo) aol 8tSa>/>t[' dpLaretov.

[SdXr]s §€ TO)] aKiTTCJVL TOvha\J)Os irXriâs

[/cat tJt^v VTTTivy^v rrjrepr] [Xaôjv X^^P'' 135

e^€t[77]€* rrjv hoaiv fiev [ovk dTrapvevfJiaL^

(TV 8* e [ . . ] . €lOVOS jJLTj Ad[

BUa>9^ ['

. ] €lX[

Fol. 3 recto

aAA' rjv opfj TL£, " ovros 'AAfC/xecov " <f>rjG€Ly

/cat *'^€£>ye, jSaAAet, <j>€vy\'' ipeX, ^^ rov dvOpojirov 140

r))v yAcDcraaj^ €<t>Acov 6t>? /cucov oraj/ ttiVt^. 144

. . . . ra rpd^X'l^^ yvfjuvdêi.^ j47

. . . pÂcopa or{;/c[a ... I54

Fol. 4 verso

TcxTTt Kpdvou* rots' avrtr' a [AA]or* [-^'AAafev, 160

XiyovGiy /cat kcjs \p'\v[_k o^vrj/juevaig [Spyats

St/catos" d [Zejus",* 01; St/ca[ta] 8' alavfivojv

rajv ep7T€T(x)v [/Ltjev iêKoipe ro ^ê[y/>ta,

^ [ou/c dTrapeOyLtat] Editor. ^ /Sit^s Papyrus.' =fr. 98 Schneider, i.e. E.M. s.v. K^Xevdos' . . . yLverai

yap fieraôKri y^vovs eh krepov yivo$, ws airb toO 6 rpaxvôs rb

rpdxvXov' ^vdev irXrjdvPTiKQs Tapa KaXXi/idxc^ * ra rpaxvâyv/uLvdêi. Cf. schol. A Horn. 11. i. 312, etc.

^ [Ze]i;s Housmann.

« Thales apparently suggests that the cup should be offered

to Bias of Priene (Diog. Laert. i. 82 ff.).

^ Alcmaeon, son of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle, is thetypical matricide ; cf. Dio Cass. Ixi. 16.

278

IAMBI

best of you, the Seven Wise Men. And I present

the prize to thee." Then Thales smote the groundwith his staff and taking his chin in one hand hesaid : The gift " [1 do not refuse,] but if thou . . .

Bias . . .

Fol. 3 recto

But anyone who sees him will say "There is

Alcmeon ^ " and " Flee ! he's going to strike !" he'll

cry, " flee from the man !

rolling his tongue, like a dog when he drinks

exercises his throat.*'

. . green figs **. .

Fol. 4 verso

... in the reign of Cronus.^ [But anon,] theysay, Zeus [changed all things] to the contrary [and

in no happy mood], Zeus, the just, dispensing

injustice, he robbed four-footed things of speech and,

«' Bentley's conjecture that these words referred to

a bull is now proved to be wrong.<^ Cf. Athen. 80 b.

« The reference is to some legend of a reversal of theorder of nature whereby animals were changed into humanbeings, cf. Semonides' Iamb upon Women. Andronicus,some unknown person whom the poet addresses. Aesop,according to our earliest notice of him, Herod, ii. 134, wasthe slave of ladmon of Samos in the time of Amasis circ.

550 B.C., which is quite consistent with his being a native ofSardis. For the legend of his death at the hands of theDelphians cf. Suid. s.v. icoffev ' Kal irepl rod Aiawvov oi AeX^oi^uiaav avrbv Kara KpTj/xPOV /xdXa.

279

CALLIMACHUS

yivos Se tovt a\vLy^p6v, cjcnrep ov Kapros

rjfjieajv ixovrojv XV'^^P^^^ aiTapâodaiy 165

[ij/xetje/f* €? av^pojv' koX K€v6s [<l>p]€[vcdv] ^rjfJLOs

[TrAetJco (f)iX6ipov ipirraKov \e\XrjKaGiv.

ol [Se] Tpaya)8oL rcjv OdXaaaav oI\k€vvtcx)V

e;ô[u]crt (fycovrjv ol Se iravres [i5/xva>Sot

Kol 7T0v\X\viJivdoL KoX XoXoi 7T€[<f)VKaOLV^'^^

eKeWev, chvSpoviKe, ravra 8' A[taa;]77os" ^d Tiap8L7]v<6>g elireVy ovtlv ol A€X(j)ol

aSovra jjuvdov ov /caAo)? iSdâvro.

• • • • •• 182

Tj] ÔTj /xereW/oaTTrat . . .^

Fol. 4 recto

KprjYVCJs eTraiBevdrjv ^gg

.... /cat deovs dTTprjyevvras'^ 198

fxoxOripos iêKVTJficvae^ 199

av -iî^ ov7jt(T[To]s' 200

a/cou[e] 817 rov atvov e[v /core TfxwXo)

8d<f)V7]v eXaiTj v€Z\^kos ol irdXai Avhol

XiyovGL Oeodai' /cat ya[p -ijv ravvmopdov^KoXoV T€ SeV8/3o[i'

o-€t'cra(7[a] toi)s" op7Tr]K[as 215

1 The supplements in 160-161 are by the Editor; therest of the text is that of Prof. A. Piatt in Class. Qu. iv.

(1910) 205, except that in place of AvOpajTroL in v. 169, wesuggest xjixvipboi. In 172 the Papyrus has 'Lapdi-qvevs, whichis clearly wrong, vv. 171-3 ravra . : . ebiâvro, quoted

280

IAMBI

as if we had not strength enough even to bestow

on others, he changed this hapless race to humankind. And the empty-witted people [chatter] morethan the dainty-loving parrot : the tragedians have

the voice of them who make the sea their home

;

and all the [hymnists,] garrulous and wordy, have

theii* birth therefrom, Andronicus. This is the tale

of Aesop of Sardis, whom, when he sang his story,

the Delphians received in no kindly wise.

. . . life is turned topsy-turvy . . .

Fol. 4 recto

... I had a good education.

... and gods inactive.

.... wickedly destroyed.

. . . would have beeji the best.

Hear now* the tale. Once upon a time on

Tmolus,^ [the ancient Lydians] say, the Laurel had

a quarrel with the Olive. For she was a [long-

branched] and beautiful tree, . . . shaking her

boughs. ...

° The regular formula of the story-teller, Plato, Gorg. 523 a.* Mountain in Lydia.

anonymously by Apollon. Sophist, s.v. deiSe, had previouslybeen assigned to Callimachus by Schneidewin and Ahrens.

^ dirprjyevvTas Housman ; airp-qyevvTai Hunt.^ Cf. Hesych. e^eKV-qixuidt) • i^e(p6dprj.

^ The supplement is a suggestion by Wilamowitz.

281

CALLIMACHUS

Fol. 5 verso

(hpiarepos jxev XevKos cos" vSpov yaarrjp,

6 S* rjXiOTTXr)^^ OS ra [ttJoAAo. yvpLVovrai.

TVS S' OLKOS ovirep oi5[/<:] iyd) irapa (f>XL7J; 220

TL9 8* ov fX€ ixdvris ri ris ov dvrrjp €Xk€l;

Kal UvOlt] yap iv 8d(f)vrj puev Ihpvrai,

Sd(f)vr]v 8* aetSet ^ /cat Sd(f)vrjv VTrearpcorai.

(x><j)po}V iXaiT], Toijs Se TratSas" ov Bpdyxosrovs Tcov Îcovojv, oh 6 ôlôg (hlpyLadrj, 225

8d(f>vrj T€ Kpovojv K'qTTOs ov t6[vcp TpaV€]L^

Sis rj rpls €\l]7TOJV dprepiias €7TOLr)[ar€;

[/cji^yo) fJLev 7] Vt Salrag rj 's" x^/5ov ^[otjrcco

rov Ilvda'Ccm^v, yivojxai Se KaedXov,

ol AojpLTJs Se TefJbTTodev /xe repuvovGLV 230

opeojv (ztt' OLKpoiv Kal (jyipovaw e? AeXôvg,

€7Tr)v TO, TCOTToAAct)vos" IpoL yiv7]rai.

dj(f)po}v iXa[L]7], Trrjfjba S* ovxl yiVcodKoj,

ouS' otS' OA<:[otT7]p' ovXacf)rj(f)6po9 ^ KdpLTTTei,

d\yv^ri ydp elpui' ôv Trarevai, /x* dvdpojTTOL, 235

^ TjXioirXr}^ only here.2 de/Set] ? ^/)6/56i = chews.^ ov T6[v(i} Tpav€]l is the Editor's suggestion in reference

to the name Branchus {^pdyxos = hoarseness).^ Of. Hesych. ov\a<pr]ôpel • ucKpocpopet.

" The left is the Westward or sheltered side, the rightis the Eastward side (Plato, Legg. 760 d) which is exposedto the sun, cf. Horn. //. xii. 239 f. et t eirl de^L' icoai irphs -qO)

T Tj^Xibv Tf, et T iir' dpLCTTepa Toi ye ttoti ^6(f>ov rjepbevra andschol. A there. The reference is to the olive and the difference

of colour between the upper and under surface of the leaves.

TO. irdyKd refers to the peculiarity which the olive shares withthe lime, elm, and white poplar, of inverting its leaves after

the summer solstice, Kal rovrip yvupiôvcnv 6tl yeyhyjvTai

<aV>Tpoiral Theophrast. H.P. i. 10; cf. Nicander 678 if. r}k Kal

282

IAMBI

Fol. 5 verso

. . . The left " side white as the belly of a water-

snake, the other, which is mostly exposed, smitten

by the sun. But what house is there where I amnot beside the doorpost? What seer or whatsacrificer carries me not with him ? Yea, the Pythianpriestess hath her seat on laurel, laurel she sings andlaurel hath she for her bed. O foolish Olive, did

not Branchus,^ when Phoebus was wroth with thesons of the lonians, make them whole by striking

them with laurel and uttering twice or thrice in noclear tone his spell ?

And I go to feasts or Pythian dance, and I ammade the prize of victory. '^ The Dorians cut me onthe hill-tops of Tempe^ and carry me to Delphi,

whenever the holy rites of Apollo are celebrated.

O foolish Olive ! sorrow I do not know, nor wot I

the path of him that carries the dead, for I am pure

;

and men tread not on me, for I am holy. But with

êXioio Tpoirais iaihwixov ^pvos •^ 6' 'Tirepiovidao iraXivcrTpîrTOto

KeXeijdovs TeK/maipei yXavKoiaiv t<xov ireTaXoicnv eXaiTjs, whereschol. has Kal avrr] yap ij iXala tcl yXavKO, rdv (f>{>XXu)v Avu} ^xei

iv depovs wpq., ra S^ fi^Xava xei/Aw*'os. The masculine nounto be supplied is probably Xo^ds.

'* For the story cf. Clem. Alex. Strom, v. 8. 48 'AiroXXSdwpos

8 6 êpKvpaloi Toi)S arixovi tovtovs virb ^pcLyxov dvacfxavT^dTJvai

Tov ixdvTews X4y€L 'MiXrjcriovt Kadaipovros dirb XoLfxov. 6 fieu yapeTippaLvuiv rb irXTJdos ddcpvrjs KXddoLs TrpoKaTTjpx^To tov v/jluov <I}8i

TTios' juiXirere, & iraides, 'F,Kdepyov Kal'EKa^pyav, iir^xf/aXXev d' wseiireiv 6 Xabs' ^4Sv, ^d\p, x^w/it, irXijKTpov, <j<pLy^, Kva^^îx, î^ttttjs,

(j>Xtyp.b, Spcoi/'. ijAixv-qraL ttjs iaTopias Kal KaXXip,axos iv 'Idfiôis

( = Schneider's fr. 75, probably our present passage)." The crown at the Pythian games was originally of oak-

leaves, afterwards of laurel to commemorate the purification

of ApoUo (Frazer, G.B. iv. 80 ff.).

<^ cf. Plut. Ait. Gr. 12, Steph. Byz. p. 223. 12.

283

CALLIMACHUS

Iprj yap elfxr aol Se x^'ôrav veKpov

jueAAcoat KaUiv 7) \jOi\(j>[oj'\ Trepto-reAAet [v

avToi r dvearei/j [avro xl^'ô ra irXevpa

rod fJUTj 7rv€OVT[o£ KrjTTîra^^ z57r[ecr]T|joa)crav."

rj fiev raS' av<x>€v[a^]' dXXa ttjv aTTTy/x [uv€ ^240

jjbdX* drpefxaiojs rj reKovcra to ;(/3tjLt[a*

" & TTOLVT OLKvde ^ TCJU ifJLCJV TOK [oJV Sd^VTJ,

iv TTJ reXevTTJ kvkvos [o)s tls rqSLOj

rjeicras' ov [ovv]rJKd fiOL fjulerov tovtcdv;^

iyd) fiev dvSpas ovs "ApT^ [s diroXXvcri 24&crifv €K re rrepLTTCO xP ["^^

. . rcov dpLGreojv ot Ka . . . v

[iycj 8]€ XevKTjv tjvlk* is rd(f>ov rT]drjv

<l)€po[vorL] TratSe? 7} yepovra TidojvoVy •

avro[LS oîxapreco kt^ttl rrjv oSov /cet/xat, 250[dpK]€[vGa] ^ TrXelov ^ av rols dyivevGiv

e/c rcjv G€ Te/xTrecov. aAA' orev yap ifjLvijordTjs,

Kal rovro kcLs deOXov ovk iyd) Kpeaacov

G€v; Kal y[d]p <w>ydjv ovv ÔXvpLirirj /xe^cov ®

ri V ro\V\Gi A€X(f)OL£' aAA' dpiarov rj crojTTij. 255iyoj fJL€V ovre ;\;/37y<TTOi^ ovre g€ ypvl^co

dTTTjves ovSev, dXX* a[A]7^^€S'^ opvides

[i]v roiG[L] (l)vXXoL£ ravra nvdvpitôvaai

1 {K-qTrClra^ is Wilamow.'s suggestion, cf. Ait. i. 1. 9.

But the sense kolt iirlrayfjia is not very appropriate here.

The statement in E.M. s.v. einTd^ . . . eis 8^ to prjToptKoy

Xe^LKov edpov ttjv X^^lv arjixaiveiv avvTOfioji, /cw/xt/ccDs ' "Oarts ttjs

c8o0 7]yrja-€TaL aoL Tr]v eTriTo.^ ' ovx ws oi TpayiKoi, fxaKpCis, is

very puzzling, and there is some evidence for another wordiiriird^ {cf. Hesych. s.v. iin^d^, etc.) in the sense of " finally,"

which might be read here. The sense would be very nearlythat of eiadira^, which Hunt suggests.

2 dir-n/jilvve is very doubtful ; dirr]p[T7}(xe would be better,

but the accusative is then a difficulty."'

284

IAMBI

thee_, whenever men are to burn a corpse or bestowit in the grave—with thee they wreath themselvesand thee they strew by ordinance under the sides

of him who breathes no more."Thus she, boasting. But the mother of oil answered

her very quietly. "O altogether barren of that I

bear. Laurel, like the swan," thou singest sweetest at

the end. Do I not know my part in those things?'

I help to speed those whom Ares slays and [I attend

the funeral] of chieftains who [nobly die].^ Andwhen the children carry to the tomb a white-haired

grandmother or some aged Tithonus,^ it is I who gowith them, it is I who am strewn upon their path,

doing them a greater service than thou to those

who bring thee from Tempe. And as to the matterwhereof thou spakest, even in that am I not greater

than thou ? For the festival at Olympia is greater

than that at Delphi, But silence is best. For mypart I say nothing of thee either good or unkind,

but indeed ^ the birds among the leaves have long

« The swan was supposed to sing its sweetest song just

'before its death.* We translate XV^^ '''^^ racpas 0oiTew rds rwv apiarioiv ot

KaXQs Tedv-fjKaatv.

" Tithonus, type of extreme longevity. (Arist. Ach. 688).<* drjdes, " unwontedly," could only refer to the strangeness

of birds talking.

^ dKvde, if right, involves &Kvdos as against &kv6os in

Hymn ii. 33.^ The supplements are by the Editor.^ [dpK]€[vaa] Editor.^ aevKaiy . . povycoTJvovXvfiirir] Papyrus ; Hunt reads aev,

K<,ovy 7[a]p <uJ>7WJ/, ij 'v 'OXv/XTrirj.

"^ dXrjdes Editor ; arjdeLs (but t erased) Papyrus ; ^T^^ej

Hunt.

285

CALLIMACHUS

ndXai KoiOrjvrat /<:a)TtA[ot]s" [6fJLrjp]€vaaL}

"rts" S' €Vp€ hd^V7]v; yata [ttJv y' e^tTu](7[ev,2 260

Fol. 5 recto

CUS" TTplvOVy OJS SpVV, (L9 KV7T€LpOV, (!)£ vXtjU.^

TLS 8' €vp* iXair^v; rTaAAas", ripLOS '^[p~\^t\.'^

rep (f)VKLOiKcp Krj8LKal^€V dpxoLtos

dvrjp 6(f>L9 rd vepdev dp,(f)l rrjs ÂkttjS'

€V 7j Oa(pV7j TT€7TTOJK€. TiOV O aeiLÔJOiV

ris TTjv eXai'iqVy ris Se [tJt^v Sd(f>vr]v rt/xa;

hd<j>vy]v 'AttoAAcov, 77 ^^ IlaAAds" rjv evpev.

^vvov roh^ avrais, Oeovs ydp ov hiaKpivio.

T\i£^ T7J9 Sd(f)V7]s 6 KapTTos; is ri ;^/)7yo'6o/xat;

piiqr €G0€ fiT^re inve p,r)T ^ttixP^^S.

6 rrjg 8' iXaLrjs eaSe ttoAA', ecroj * /xaaraf

COS" €[vde(Ji]v KaXevGiVy dv Se to )(plpLa^

ev[^, K:o]Ai;/xâ[s"], '5^' €7ra[{>pe] %a> ©o^CTevs".

[to 8]ev[Tep]ov TidrjpLL rfj Sd(f)V7] rrrcbpia.

rev ydp \r6^ </)vXXov ol t/ceVat Trporeivlo^vGi;

rd rrjs iXaly^s. rd rpC 7^ hd^vt) Kctrai.

(f)€V rcov drpvrojv ola KwriXitôvGr

XaiSpTj KopcovTj, Kcog ro ;)^€tAos' ovk dXyeXs;

[rev y]dp ro irpep^vov A^yAtot (jivXdoaovGi

;

[rd r^rjs iXaLrjs, tj /c[aêta]e^ rr^v At^tco.

^ K(x)Ti\ois 6fxr]pevcrai Editor. Cf. Hes. Th. 39.2 Supplement by Editor.3 iiXtjv] weiK-qv Papyrus in marg., probably rightly.* ^<ra>] the Papyrus has apparently it written over the w.

^ The supplements are by the Editor.^ /c[aê£o-]e was suggested by Wilamowitz. Hunt says X

might be read for k. Possibly X[6xei'0']e.

286

IAMBI

while been muttering such things, as they sit chatter-

ing together :' Who discovered the laurel ? 'Twas

the earth that gave her birth, as she gave birth to

the ilex, the oak, the galingale, or other shrub. Whodiscovered the olive ? Pallas when she contendedwith the Dweller among Seaweed for Acte, and theancient man, a snake in his lower parts, acted as

judge.** That is one fall against the Laurel. Whoof the ever-living ones honours the Olive, who theLaurel } Apollo honours the Laurel, Pallas theOlive which she herself discovered. This bout is

even, for I distinguish not between gods.

What is the Laurel's fruit ? For what shall I useit ? Eat it not nor drink it nor use it to anoint.

The Olive's fruit pleases in many ways : inwardly ^ it

is a mouthful as they call a snack ; with the oil in it,

it is the preserved olive which Theseus also enjoyed.- I

count this the second fall against the Laurel. Whoseis the leaf that suppliants extend ? The Olive's.

Three falls against the Laurel!

' Oh ! the endless

babblers, how they chatter ! Shameless crow, howdoes thy lip not ache ? ' Whose trunk do the Delians

preserve ? The Olive's which gave a seat to Leto.' " '^

" For the story of the contention of Athena and Poseidonfor Attica (Acte) see Hecale i. 2.

^ If âw is right, we should expect hv 5e /ctX. to refer toan external application. Hence Hunt thinks that ko]\v/x^

. . . etc. refers to the famous dive of Theseus told in

Bacchylid. xvi. and suggests ialrlu] KoXvfx^dv û iwaXro.The reading in the text takes the reference to be to theKoXvfjLâs iXaia which Hecale served to Theseus (see Hecale,fr. 54 with note). The objections are that (1) this readingprovides no antithesis to ^crw, (2) iiravpe would naturally takea genitive. For ^vdeaiv see Hesych. s.v., Telecleid. andPherecrat. ap. Athen. vi. 268.

* There were three holy trees at Delos, all connected withthe birth of Apollo—the palm, the laurel, the olive : cf.

287

2

CALLIMACHUS

CO? etTT^, rfj8' o OvfjLOS aix^l rfj pijaei

TJXyrjae,^ fieôv 8* -^ to Trpoadev rj[crxaX\]€v. 290

iêu] <I)€V, TO AotTTOV Ct/CO. CGTOVOVT . .

. ara . . . . ? "^ X^''"' ^*X^ . . . rp . .

eXeêv, rjv yap ovk aircode tG)v SevSpojv^^ ovK, w rdXaivaiy Travaofiecrda, fjurj Xltjv

y€V<a)>iJL€d* ixOpCLL; /jlt] Xiyajpêv dAATÂas" 295,

dvoXpa' val .... aAAa ravr 6 . . jjl . va.'

rrjv 8' dypL[o]^ âvelaa ravpos rj hd^vqe^X€ijj€ /cat Ta8' elirev " c5 KaKrj Xaj^rj,

w£ 8rj piC rjpLcwv /cat gv /xt^ /xe TTOiTJorai

€V(TT€Krov^' -q yap yeiroveva aTTOTTviyeLS

.

300

Fol. 6 verso

. -. . djotSos" es" Kepas redvp^coTat. ^^^

T7]V êvTjV dvaKpivei 323

TfV hovXov etvai ^r]Gi /cat TraXipiTTpriTOV.

"Etêorov odev irvp ol rd puerpa pueXXovres

rd ;\;coAd rt/crctv pLrj '/xa^cos" ivavovrai.

334

Fol. 6 recto

AaAoi;o'[t .... 353

'laoTt /cat AojpLarl /cat to ovpLpLiKrov.

^ "At the beginning of the Hne the first hand wrote some-thing hke vyprja or rfar-qa, which the corrector apparentlywished to convert into ijXyrja-e'' (Hunt). Wilamowitz pro-

posed Kcpdijaey and ij\yri<T€v at the end of the line. The textis the Editor's suggestion. ^ eUbs is rhv ovTaa/xdv ?

•^ €{}<rT€KTov, if right, is a new word.

Eurip. Iph. in Taur. 1098 f. "Aprefitv dXîav B. irapa Kvvdtov

6xdop oiKel (f)oivLKa 6' aj3poK6uav ddcpvav t evepvâ Kai yXavKasdaWbu ipbv Aat'as, AaroOs wdlva <f>i\av, CatuU. 34. 7 " (Latonia)quam mater prope Deliam Deposivit olivam."

288

IAMBI

So she spake. And the heart of the other waspained by her speech, and she was angrier than before.

Alas ! Alas ! next " it is likely [they would have cometo blows], had not , . . who was not far from thetrees, said :

" Wretches ! let us cease, lest we becometQo embittered. Let us not speak evil of one another !

Nay, even these things. ..." Then the Laurel,

like a wild bull, glared ^ at her and said :" O evil

thing of shame, do not thou bid me be patient, as

if thou wert one of us. Verily thy neighbourhoodstifles me."

Fol. 6 verso

the minstrel rages horn-wise."

He examines the stranger who, he declares, is a

slave and a thing of sale.

Ephesus whence they who would write the halting ^

metres not unwisely light their torches.

Fol. 6 recto

They talk in Ionic and Dorian and a mixture of

the two.

« The strife of the Laurel and the Olive is apparentlyinterrupted by someone, but who the would-be peace-maker is cannot be made out.

* Cf. TavprjSbu ^Xeireiv {Arist. Ran. 804), S^pyfxa diroravpovadat.

(Eur. Med. 188)." This curious phrase, properly of an angry bull, occurs

Eurip. Bacch. 74<3 ravpoL 5 v^^iarai zeds Kepas Bvixovfievoi andis imitated by Vergil, Georg. iii. 2S2 " et tentat sese atqueirasci in cornua discit Arboris obnixus trunco."

** Writers of choliambs or scazons take Hipponax of

Ephesus as their model.

u 289

CALLIMACHUS

TioXojv €K€tvos S* (I)s XtAojv' OLTTeGreLXev

.

Choeroboscus ap. Cramer. Anecd. Ox. ii. 277. 10

XtAcuv . . evprjrai, /cat iv avaroXfj rrapa KaAAt-

fidxcpy otov SoAcuv ktX.

TToXiv TO Swpov is QdX7]T* dvcoXtddev.

Choerobosc. ap. Bekker. Anecd. 1380. KM. s.v.

SdXr]s.

SdXrjs /x€ Tip fjLeSevvTL Netêco Si^/xou

SlScoGL, rovro 8ls AajScov dpiGreZov.

Diog. Laert. i. 29.

es" TO TTpo reix^vs Ipov dXeeg Seure,

ov Tov irdXai Ilaypâtov o TrAaCTas" Zavayipojv dXdtôjv d'St/ca jStjSAta i/jrix^'"^

Plutarch. De jo/ac. joAz'/o*. i. 7 (Moral. 880 e) tov8' EuT^/xe/oov /cat KaAAt/xa;ôs' o Kt>/37;vatos" atVtV-

rerat eV rots" Îdpbôis ypdc/xjov els to tt/jo /ctA.

C/1 schol. Tzetz. Allegor. Cramer, Anecd. Ox. iii. p. 380,

E.M. s.v. dXeSy etc.

^ TrdXat na7xaioj' . . . \p'nx^'- Bentley ; TrdXai x^^^^fCOo". . . \p^x^L {x/zTfix^'' Sext. Empir. ^c?r\ dogmatic, iii. 51).

Bentley 's emendation is now confirmed by OxyrhynchusPapyrus 1363 (ed. Grenfell and Hunt 1915) which hasTrdXai nd7xato[j']. Also this papyrus supports ^''^X^'- ^sagainst \p-nx<^v (Schneider from Sext. Empir.) in so far as it

proves that a new sentence begins the next line.

" The reference,^ as in the next two fragments, is

to the Cup of Bathycles. Chilon was an ephor at Spartacirc. 560 b. c. , where after his death he was venerated as ahero, Paus. iii. 16. 4. Life in Diog. Laert. i. 68 f. Renowned.

290

IAMBI

2 (89)

Solon ; and he sent it " to Chilon.

3 (96)

Again the gift returned to Thales.

4 (95)

^ Thales presents me to the Lord of the people of

NeileuSj^ having twice received this prize.

5(86)

Come hither all together to the temple before thewall, where the old impostor <' who feigned the ancient

Panchaean'Zeus scrapes his unrighteous scriptures.

as one of the Seven Wise Men, cf. Herod, i. 59, vii. 235.

Plutarch. De poet. aud. 35 f.

* Neileus = Neleus, son of Codrus of Athens, founder ofMiletus, cf. Strabo 633. The Lord of Miletus is Apollo ofDidymi or h B/)a7xtSats, cf. Strabo 634. The prose version

of the inscription on the Cup of Bathycles was, accordingto Diog. Laert. i. 29, GaX^j 'E|a/xi/ou MiX-qaio^ 'AirbWwviAeXtpiviif) ''EiWrjviou dpicxTelov 5ts Xa^uv.

" Euhemerus of Messana in Sicily was a friend ofCassander (311-297) at whose request he undertook various

journeys to the far south. He wrote a work entitled 'lepA

avaypa<pri in which he pretended to have reached an island

Panchaea in the Indian Ocean where he found a temple ofTriphylian Zeus in which was a pillar whereon Zeus hadrecorded the deeds of himself an(i»his predecessors Uranusand Cronus, showing that all three were originally humankings. The " rationalizing " of Euhemerus has given rise

to the modern terra " Euheraerisra."

291

CALLIMACHUS

TTjv (LyafjL€fjLvojv y COS 6 fjivdog, etoraTO,

rfj Koi XtTTOvpa /cat fjuovcjOTva dverai,

Schol. Aristoph. Av. 873 Eu^pdvtos" Se (j)7)(JLV oniv ÂfjLapvvOo) 7) KoXaivls 8ta to tov Âya/xefivova

Ovcjai avrfj ck tov KTjpov Kpiov koXov irrl rauTT^s"

Se KaXXifiaxos Acyct* ttjv ktX.

ov yap ipyoLTLV Tpi<f)0)

TTjv Movaav, d)s 6 Kcto? 'YAAt;\;oi; veirovs. •

Schol. Find. Istk. ii. 9, cf. Tzetz. Chil. viii. 228.

"^v K€Lvos ovvtavTog, o) TO re ttttjvov

/cat Tovv daXdoorrj /cat to TeTpdiTOVv ovtcds

€<f)d€yy€d* a)S 6 tttjXos 6 Upofi'^deLos,

Clem. Alex. Strom, v. p. 707 Pott, y-qtvov pikv ol

0tAd(7oôt . . TO CTcD/xa dvayopevovoL '.. . KaA-

Xifjuaxos Se StappijSTjv ypd<j>€i' rjv ktX.

iyoj (f)avXr]

SevSpojv OLTTavTCOv eljxi.

Pseudo-Tryphon, Ilept TpOTrcov (Walz^ Rhet. Gr.

viii. p. 760) TTapd he KaAAt/>ta;(;a> dGT€it,ojxeviq r)

iXaia <j)7](jiv' iycb âvXrj TrdvTOJV TOiv SevSpcuv

ct/xt.

/cat Tcov verJKCvv evdvg ol To/xcorarot.

E.M. s.v. KoxXos. . . . cus" TTapd to Upos ytVerat

lepa^ /cat locos' vea^, d)s rrapd KaAAt/xa;â) * /cat

Tcx)v ktX. -

" An aetiological legeflfl to explain the by-name KoXatvi'j

under which Artemis was worshipped at various places,

Paus. i. 31, Aristoph. Av. 873, as if from ko\6s, " docked,"" hornless " or the like.

292

IAMBI

6 (76)

Whom Agamemnon, as the legend * tells, estab-

lished—the goddess to whom the tailless and theone-eyed are sacrificed.

Schol. Aristoph. : Euphronius says that in

Amarynthus (in Euboea) Artemis was worshipped as

Colaenis (" hornless"), because Agamemnon sacrificed

to her a hornless ram made of wax. In reference to

her Call, says, etc.

7(77)

For no hireling Muse do I cherish, like the Ceandescendant ^ of Hyllichus.

8(87)

It was that year when '^ the winged fowl and the

dweller in the sea and the four-footed creature talked

even as the clay of Prometheus.Clem. Alex. : The philosopers call the body earthy

. . . Calliraachus says expressly, " It was, etc."

9 {^^ b)

I am the meanest of all trees.^

Pseudo - Tryphon. : In Callimachus the olive

ironically says, " I am, etc."

10 (78)

And straightway the sharpest ^ of the youths.

* i.e. Siraonides of Ceos of whose mercenary muse manytales are told.

" Reference to some legend of a time when the loweranimals could speak like " the clay of P.," i.e. human beings.

^ Quoted to illustrate dareiafids, a pleasantry or urbanity,

here almost irony.* Possibly there is a pun on verjKris, " newly sharpened."

^9S

CALLIMACHUS

Kov'x^ cSS' *Ap€LOjv TOJiriaavri Trap Ait

edvoev ÂpKCLS Ittttos.

Steph. Byz. s.v. Âireaas . . dcf)^ ov Zeu? 'Attc-

advrios [Paus. ii. 15. 3]. KaAAt/x-a;)^©? 8e ev rot?

'la/xôts' TO idvLKOu ÂireGas (j^rjorC' kovx ktX.

alrovfjL€v evfJiddeLav *EipfJidvo9 Soglv.

Et. Florent. s.v. cL rdv.

rds *A<l)poSLras {tj Oco^ yap ov fxla)

Trdaas VTrepê^XrjKc rw KaXcog ^povelv

rj KaGTVLTJTLS' rjSe yap ;!âtp€t [movt]

Ovaiaig veiais.

Strabo ix. 438 KaAAt/xapô? /xev ovv ^rjGiv iv tols

ÎdfjLôLs rds 'A^/ooStVas" (17 deos yap ov fxla) ttjv

KacrrvLrJTLV VTrep^dXXecrdai irdaas ro) cfypoveZv onjjLovT) TrapaSex^rai rrjv rcov vcov dvaiav. We give

the above restoration as one more among many : to

recover the words of Calhmachus with certainty is of

course impossible.

Moucrat KaXai KanoXXov oh iyci) o-TrevSco.

Eustath. on //. ix. 658 and Od. xv. l62, schol.

Soph. O.C 1621, and Suidas.

« Areion is the famous horse of Adrastus, reputed tobe the offspring 0/ Poseidon and Demeter when she in

equine form was seeking, her daughter near Thelpusa in

Arcadia, Paus. viii. 25. 5 ff. Apesas is a hill near Neraea.* Aphrodite Castnia (Lycophr. 403 and 1234) is Aphrodite

as worshipped at Aspendos in Pamphvlia, so called

from Castnion, a hill near Aspendos. As Aspendos was acolony from Argos (Strabo xiv. 667), Aphrodite Castniais simply Aphrodite as worshipped at Argos to whomswine were sacrificed : Athen. 96 a on 5' Sjtws 'A<ppo5iTrj Cj

p IAMBI

11 (82)

And not so sped Areion,* the Arcadian horse,

beside the shrine of Apesantian Zeus.

12 (82 a)

We ask the boon of learning easily, the gift of

Hermes.13 (82 b)

All the Aphrodites—for the goddess is not onegoddess only—are excelled in wisdom by Aphroditeof Castnion ^ ; for she alone rejoices in sacrifice bf

swine.

Strabo : Callimachus says in his Iambi that

Aphrodite of Castnion excels all the Aphrodites (for

she is not a single goddess) in wisdom since she

alone accepts sacrifices of swine.

14. (83 c)

O Muses fair and Apollo to whom I make libation. '^

dijeraL fiaprvpel KaWLfxaxos ^ ZrjvdSoros ev laropiKoh virofivqixaffL

ypa(f)(j}v dJSe' " 'ApyeToi 'AcppoSiTTj ^v dijovai. Kal 7} eoprr] /caXeirat

'TaTTjpLa. " The assertion in Roscher's Lex., s.v. Kastnia, thatCallimachus said swine were offered to Aphrodite Castnietis

at Metropolis in Thessaly Histiaiotis is not true. WhatStrabo says is that whereas Callimachus asserted that onlyAphrodite Castnietis received swine sacrifice, it was after-

wards pointed out that other Aphrodites did the same,and among them Aphrodite at Metropolis.

" Quoted to illustrate preference of masculine to femininein concord, whereas Homer, II. I.e. gives the preferenceto the feminine. In Hom. Od. I.e. and Soph. I.e. themasculine is preferred as in Callimachus.

295

CALLIMACHUS

ov TTpaJv fjbkv rjixZv 6 rpaycphos 'qyeipev.

Suid. s.v. TTpci). CJ. Herodian i. 494, 7 Lentz.

17 TL9^ TpaywSos jxovGa XrjKvOllôvaa.

Schol. Saib. Hephaest. p. 36 Gaisf. ii.

ra vvv Se ttoAAt^v TV(j)€Sajva Aco-pâtVets".

Herodian, Hcpl Xe^. fiov. ii. p. 914 Lentz.

Xlxiôs elfJLL /cat to TrevdeGdai,

Schol. V Horn. //. xiv. 172.

eîqâv olov dXiâvra^ Trivovres.

E.M. s.v. dAtjSas" o veKpos. . . . cn^ftatVet Sc

/cat oôs (I)S TTapa KaAAt/>ta;)â>* e^rjâv ktX.

TO TTvp 8' o7T€p dveKavGas is TToXXrjv <j>X6ya

irpoact) Kex(i)p'r]K€

ta;^€ 8e Spofjuov

fiapycbvTas Ittttovs firjSe SevTepav KapLiprjS

^ Tj tl{\ i} TLs. Oxyrhynch. Papyr. 1363. 13 reads . . .

w5ot fiovaa t . . . which might be identified with this line.

The letter after ixovaa is uncertain.2 dXtjSat'Ta] aXLâvra, i.e. oi dX., Schneidei:, as one would

expect the first syllable of d\t/3. to be short.

« Meaning and context quite unknown. 7rp(^v wouldnaturally he = Trp(f7)v, but ijyeipep suggests that Callimachusused it in the sense of Trpy.

* For X-i^KvOoL, \T]Kv6LêLv in this sense cf. ampullae, ampullari

^96

IAMBI

15 (84)

Not early for us did the tragedian wake.

16 (98 e)

Some tragic muse with her tropes.^ .

17 (98 b)

But now thou talkest much vapour/

18 (98 d)

I am greedy of getting information.**

19 (88)

They coughed as if drinking vinegar.

20 (98 a)

The fire which thou didst kindle has gone on to

be a great flame. . . . Restrain thy steeds eager for

the race nor run a second turn . . . lest on the

and the commentators on Aristoph. Ban. 1200 flf., Hor.Ep. i. 3. 141, A. P. 97.

" The line is quoted to illustrate ri/êSwj'a metri gr.

for Tv((>€8bva. TvêSwv is here = Ti)0os, vapouring talk, cf.

Xnjpetv Kai T€Tv<pQ(Tdai. (Demosth.) ; " inflammation " (L. & S.)

is quite wrong.** Quoted to illustrate the metaphorical use of one sense

for another : XLxvos properly of greediness for food, herefor information. The reference of Strabo ix. 438 kuI firjv

TToXviaTOjp [sc. KaWifiaxos] et tls AWos Kai Trdura rbv ^Lov, ws

ayros elp-qKe, to ravra /xvdeiadai. ôvKofxevos may be to this

passage, but Schneider's attempted restoration is futile.

297

CALLIMACHUS

jjirj TTapal vvcrcrrj hi<j)pov

Tryphon^ Ilepl rpoir. ttoltjt. Boissonade, Anecd.

iii. p. 271 J Choeroboscus, Yiepl r. ttoltjt. rpoir.

Cramer, Anecd. Ox. iv. p. 399- The above restoration

mainly follows Schneidewin and Bergk.

I

;^at/o' ^vkoXlvt].

EL Sorhon. ap. Gaisford, E.M. s.v. ^vkoXlvtj' rj

'E/cciri7 /caret avri<j>paaLv

.

« These quotations, which need not be supposed to

be consecutive, are used to illustrate Allegory :" Allegory

is a form of language which expresses one thing while it

suggests the idea of another. It is fittingly employed whenprudence or modesty forbids frank expression, as by

298

IAMBI.

turning-post they wreck the car and thou cometumbling down.^

21 (82 d)

Hail, Eucoline ^

!

Callimachus in his Iambi'" (Tryphon, I.e.). This suggeststhat the "fire" referred to is the passion of love. Themysterions epos which in Cramer I.e. follows dp^Kavaas maybe ipojs, a gloss on irOp.

* This euphemistic by-name for Hecate is not other-

wise known. Bentley, reading 'EkolXt] for 'Ekoltti, referred thefragment to the Hecale, cf. Plutarch, Thes. 14.

299

INCERTAE SEDIS FRAGMENTA

/cat fjLiv ÂXrjTLdBaL ttovXv yeyecorepov ^

TOvSe Trap' Alyaicovi deco reXeovres aycjva

drjoovGiv viK7]s avfjipoXov 'Icr^/xtaSos',

^TÂo) Tcjv lêfjuerjOe, irirvv S' aTroTt/XTJcjofcnv,

rj Trplv aycovLGTas €aT€<f)€ rovg ^<f)vprj.

Plutarch, Quaest. Conviv. v. 677 b.

ol fiev €TT* *lX\vpiKolo TTopov GxoiGGavTes iperjJLa

Xda TTOLpa âvOrjs *Kppiovir]s 6(j)LOs

darvpov eKrlaaavro, to jxkv OuyaSoiv ris iuLGiroL

TpaiKos, drap Kelvwv yXwaa* ovopnqve UoXas,

Strabo, i. 4>6, cf. v. 21 6.

^ For 7^76105 cf. fr. incert. 135 and 136, Suid. s.v. yiyeiai.

/Soes,

" The original prize at the Isthmian games in honour ofPoseidon (Aegaeon) had been a wreath of pine {ttItvs), butlater the wreath of wild celery {ai\Lvov) was introduced ifrom

Nemea.* Aletes, great-grandson of Heracles, was the founder of

Corinth ; cf. Pind. 0. xiii. 14. <' Corinth.'^ Strabo quotes Callimachus for the tradition that some

of the Colchians sent by Aeetes in pursuit of lason andMedea reached the head of the Adriatic where they foundedPola or Polai. Cf. Apoll. Rh. iv. 516 oi 5' dp iir' 'IWvpiKoTofxeXafiâdios TroTafxoLO, tvjxôs 'iv' ' Apfxovi'qs Kdidfioio re Tnjpyov

300

FRAGMENTS OF UNCERTAIN LOCATION

1 (103)

And it « (the wild celery) shall the sons of Aletes,^

when in the presence of the god Aegaeon they cele-

brate a festival more ancient by far than this^ appoint

to be the token of victory in the Isthmian games, in

rivalry of those at Nemea ; but the pine they shall

reject, which aforetime crowned the combatants at

Ephyra.^'

2 (104)

Some by the Illyrian waters stayed their oars andbeside the stone of fair-haired Harmonia, become a

snake, they founded a town, which a Greek wouldcall the city of Exiles, but their tongue named it

Polae.^

(deifjiav, a.v8pdaiv 'EYxeXi'^etrtriJ' icp^ariOL ; Lycophr. 1021 fF.

Cadmus with his wife Harmonia was driven from Thebes,and came to lUyria where they were changed into snakes.M. Arnold, Empedocles on Aetna, " The Adriatic breaks in

a warm bay Among the green Illyrian hills . . . And there,

they say, two bright and aged snakes. Who once wereCadmus and Harmonia, Bask in the glens," etc. 'If the"stone" is not here = "tomb," it must refer to the 5uo

irirpaL (Dion. Per. 395), \LdoL ([Scylax] 24 f., Geog. Gr. Min.i, p. 31), two rocks in or off lUyria called the rocks ofCadmus and Harmonia. Dion. Per. I. c. clearly distinguishes

the tomb (390) from the two rocks (395). Cf. Athen. 462 b,

Ovid, M, iv. 563 fF.

301

CALLIMACHUS

ovTTCO TiKeXfJLLov^ epyov iv$oov, dAA' en redyica

Srjvalco 'yXv<l>dvojv dôos rjada aavts"

cSSc yap ISpvovro deovs t6t€' /cat yap ÂO'qvrjs

iv AlvSo) Aavaos Xelov^ e9r]K€V eSos.

Plutarch, ap. Euseb. Praep. Ev. iii. 8 "H/oas" Se

Kal Sa/xtot $vXlvov elôv ethos [/. eSos], cSs (j)'r]ai

}âXXifiaxos' ovTTO) YiKeXpuLov epyov ktX.

KovÔTepcx)s Tore <âjra SiadXiôvGLV dvlai

€K Se rpirjKovrcxJV puolpav dchelX^ jjuiav,

'q <f)iXov Tj 6t es dvSpa avveinropov ri ore KCtx/yals

dXyea p,aâvpais eorxarov eêperj.

Stobaeus cxiii. 6, E.M. s.v. Svctlv. JâXXipua^ôs

ev <TOLS> 'EAcyetot?* cac 8e . . . pulav. As noseparate work called Elegies is known, we include the

fragment here.

aWe yap, (h Kovpoiaiv eir* o/x/xara Xiyya <j)ipovTes

^^pxiog d)£ vfjLLV (x)pLG€ TTaihoîXelv

,

cSSc veo)V epdoLre, ttoXlv /c* evavbpov exoire.

Lucian, Amor. 49.

^ Clemens Alex. Protrept. 41 to 8k iv 2d/i<^ ttjs Hpas^bavov ItfiiKidi Eu/cXetSou ireTroiTiadaL 'OXi^/xttixos iv HafiiaKols

laTopei. id. ibid. 40 Kal t6 rrjs '2iaijdas"H.pas, cos (prjcnv 'AidXios,

irpbrepov fxkv ijv advis, xxTxepov dk iirl JIpoKXeovs &pxovTosdv8piavT0€Ldes iyivero ; cf. Arnob. vi. 11. Paus. vii. 4. 4elvai 5' o5v to iepbv toOto [sc. t6 iv "SidfJUj} ttjs "Hpas] iv toXs

fidXiara apxalov ovx iJKiaTa &v tls Kal iirl ry dydX/naTi.

TCKfiaipoiTO' i(TTi yap drj dv5p6s ^pyov Aiyivrjrov lifxtXidos toG

^vKXeidov. oCros 6 S/xtX/s iariv rfXiKlav /card âL8aXov, 86^7js Sk

ovK is Tb taov d(piK€To. Cf. schol. Paus. I.e. (ed. F. Spiroin Hermes xxix., 1894, p. 148) ZfuXis] 6tl S/xiXts AiyLvrjTTjs Tb

dyaXfia ttjs 'Zafxlas "Upas elpydaaTo âibdXi^ Kord Tbv airrbv

Xpbvov yeyovJjs ' 6 5^ KaXXlfiaxos "ZKiXfiiv dvTi lifxiXiSos (p-qai.

2 Xelov] XiTbv Voss ; Kiov Bentley. But Xetoi' is absolutely-

right.

302


3 (105)

Not yet the polished work of Scelmis * wert thou,

but still according to ancient custom only a boardunpolished by the carver's knife. For in such wise

did they in those days establish their gods : yea, in

Lindos also did Danaus set up for Athene an un-

sculptured board. ^

4 (67)

More lightly do his sorrows press upon a man

—

of thirty parts it takes one part away—when to a

friend or fellow traveller, or to the unheeding idle

winds at least, he tells his griefs.^

5 (107)

O ye who cast greedy eyes upon the youths,

would that ye would love the young as Erchius*'

defined for you that youth should be loved ; so

should ye possess a city of goodly men.

« Scelmis (c/, Celmis, one of the Idaean Dactyls) seemsto be an etymologizing substitute (cf. (rKd\/j.r]' /xaxai-pa Qpq.Kia

Hesych.) for Smilis (from a-fiiXr]), cf. Wilamow. Hermes I.e.

p. 245. Hera as bride is a Samian coin-type representing, it

seems, the image attributed to Smilis. Cf. Varr. ap. Lact.

Inst. i. 17. For the Lindian Athena and her image cf.

Apollod. ii. 13 irpoacrx'^f 5^ 'P65^ to ttjs AivSias &ya\fxa 'Adrjuai

l8pvcraTo {Aava6^) ; Diodor. v. 58. But Herod, ii. 182, Strabo655 attribute the foundation of the temple at Lindos to thedaughters of Danaus.

" Cf. Eur. Iph. in T. 43, Med. 56,

^ Erchius is not known,

303

CALLIMACHUS

rfj fjbkv apiGKvSrjs €vvl9 avrJKe Alos

"Apyos ^xîVf lBlou 7T€p iov Xdxos, dAAa yeveOXrf

TiTjvos OTTCos GKorlrj rprixps deOXos €ol,

Schol. Find. N. x, l/

ev9* avefJLWV fjueydXajv KVfia BiojXvyLov,

Stobaeus, Senn. lix. 10.

KaXXlcrrrj ro TrdpoiOey to S' varepov ovvofxa S'qprj,

fJi''^rr]p €VL7T7TOV TTarpiSos rjfJL€repr]s.

Strabo 837, cf. Strabo 347 and schol. Find. P.

iv. 459 (for v. 1), Strabo x. 484 (for v. 2).

(a) AlyXi^Trjv Â.vd<j)7]V re AaKWvihi yetrova S'qprj.

(b) apxpi-^vos^ cos 7Jpco€S citt' AtT^rao KuratouavTLS is dpxdi'rjv enXeov AlfxovLr)v.

Strabo i. 46 quotes both (a) and (b), in x. 484 heagain quotes (a).

a. vavs,^ TO pLovow <f>€yyos ipXv to yXvKv Tois l,ods

dpiraâs, ttotI re 7,av6s LKvevpuaL XtpbevoGKOTro). . . .

A. P. xiii. 10.

^ For Apx/J-eyos cf. Hymn iii. 4, Aitia iii. 1. 56.

" Heracles.* Cyrene was a colony from Thera : evlinrov . . . Kvpdpas

Find. P. iv. 2.

" Both fragments refer to the Argonautic expedition, (a)

A terrible darkness fell upon the Argonauts in the wide gulf

304

6 (108)

To whom the wrathful spouse of Zeus gave Argosto keep, albeit it was her own possession, to the endthat it might be a stern labour for the bastard off-

spring " of Zeus.

7 (111)

Where the tremendous wave raised by mightywinds ...

8 (112)

Calliste in former times, but afterwards namedThera, mother of our fatherland of goodly horses.^

9 (113a,b)«

(a) (Apollo) Aegletes, and Anaphe nigh to

Laconian Thera.

(b) Beginning with the story how the heroes sent

by Aeetes of Cyta sailed again to ancient Haemonia.

10(114)

Ship that hast carried away from me my only

light, the sweet light of my life, I entreat thee byZeus, Watcher of Havens . . .

of Crete. lason prayed to Apollo who caused to appearbefore them the little island of Anaphe near Thera. Therethe Argonauts anchored and made a temenos and altar for

Apollo, calling him " Aegletes " because of his radiance,

and the island Anaphe because Apollo caused it to appear :

Aly\r]Tr]v /xeu . . . e'iveKev atyXrjs\4>oi/3oj' k€k\6/j.€Vol. Avd(f>r]v

5i re Xiffcrdda vrjcrov\laKOv 6 87) <J>0(/3as fxiu CLTV^Ofiivois dvi(p7}V€v

(Apoll. Rh. iv. 1714ff.).

For (b) see note on frag, incert. 2.

X 305

CALLIMACHUS

€px€raL TToXvs fJL€V Alyatov Siarfi'qâs an* olvrjprjs

Xtou

dfi<l)Op€VSy TToXvs §€ AeapLTjs dcorov veKrap olvdvdrjs

dycDV.

A.P. xiii. 9 ; V. 1 also Hephaestion vi. 2.

€V€GT* 'AtToAAcOV TCp X^P^' '^V^ XvpTJS aKOVO)'

/cat Tojv *E/ocoTCt)v f)ad6iJir]V' ean Kd(f)pohLTrj

.

Hephaestion xv. 17.

'Ep/xas" o 7T€p Oepatos" alveei deos,

ifxpul rcj (jivyaLxiia,

Hephaest. vi. 3.

7] TTols 7] KaraKXeiaros

i

rrjv ot <f>aoL t€k6vt€S

€vvaiovs oapLGfiovs

exOeiv taov oXeOpcp.

Hephaest. De poem. i. 3.

;ât/)e âpvaKLTTCuv , iiriraKTa jxev eâ/ct 8ota,

€K 8* aVTayp€GL7]S TToXXaKL TToXXd KafJLCOV.

Schol. Find. A", iii. 42.

cAAarc vw, iXeyoLcn S' ivn/jTôraaBe Xnrchcrag

X€'Lpas ifJbOL?, Iva jjlol ttovXv fxevovaiv krog.

Schol. Find. A', iv. 10.

" Meaning and reference are a matter of conjecture.

êpaios may refer to Fherae in Thessaly, where 'Epuaôs

appears as a month-name. Some take the word as = âpaios,

306


11 (115)

Comes many a jar across the Aegean from Chios

rich in wine, and many a jar that brings nectar^ the

flower of the Lesbian vine.

12(116)

Apollo, too, is in the choir ; I hear the lyre ; I

note the presence of the Loves ; Aphrodite, too, is

here.

13 (117)

As Hermes, god of Pheraej agrees, I belong to

the fugitive."

14(118)

The cloistered maiden, who, her parents say, hates

marriage talk even as perdition.

15(120)

Hail ! thou of the heavy stafF,^ who by command ^

didst perform labours six times two, but of thine

own undertaking many times many.

16(121)

Be ye ^ gracious now and lay your anointed handsupon my elegies, that they may endure for me manya year.

referring to worship of Hermes at Pharae in Achaia, cf.

Paus. vii, 22. Wilamowitz reads 6 Uepcpepalos.* Heracles in reference to his club." of Eurystheus. ^ The Muses, or possibly the Charites.

307

CALLIMACHUS

Kal Trap* ÂOr^valoLS yap ctti oriyos Upov rjvrai

KoXTTlSeS, OV KOGfXOV (TV^ôXoV oAAct TToAl]?.

Schol. Find. N. x. 64.

V7]<f)6Xiai^ Kal rfjaiv del jicXirjSiag ofMTras

Xjireipai Kaieiv cXXaôv *H(Tu;(t8e?.

Schol. Soph. O.C. 489.

dfJL<f>L 8e ol K€(f>aX'YJ viov AlixovCrjOev

fJuefJiPXcDKOS TTiXrjfia TTcpirpoxov aA/cap €K€Lto

€7rp€7r€ TOL 7rpo€Xov(Ta Kaprjs evpela KaXvirTpT],

TTOLfjLevLKov TTtATy/xa, Kal €V x^P^ x^^^^ ^xovGa. . .

Schol. Apoll. Rh. iv. 972. ,

SeanoLvai Ai^vris rjpcDiSes at âaaficovcov

^ vr]<f)d\t at Schneider, cf. Stengel, Opferhrduche d.

Griechen, p. 132.2 Schol. Soph. O.C. 314 irepia-aoi ijcrav oi QeffaoKiKol ttiXoi,

wy Kal KaWi/xaxos- etdeos d/j.<f)l 5^ ol KecpaXfj vôv Al/J.ovirjdev

/xeyLtjSXwicos TriXrjfia irirpov &\Kap ^Keiro. The text is due to

Toup who restored Trepirpoxov from Suid. 7rL\r]/j.a irepiTpoxov'

irepicpepes (TKeTracrfxa and Naeke who, from Hesych. eideos

ivdioLo' Ka^fiaTos fxearifi^pLvod, restored tdeos evdioio as the endof the quotation.

" At the Panathenaea jars of olive oil were given as prizes

(Find. I.e.).

308


17 (122)

For among the Athenians also beside the holydwelling pitchers sit, a symbol not of ornament butof wrestling.**

18 (123)

And evermore to burn for them honey-sweet cakes

is the duty of the sober priestesses, daughters of

Hesychus.^

19 (124)

And about his head was set a round felt cap,

newly come from Haemonia, a defence against thenoontide heat."

20(125)

There stood out from her head her broad head-gear, a shepherd cap, and holding in her hand a

shepherd's staff . . .^

21 (126)

Ye Heroines, queens of Libya, who look upon the

* The Hesychides, who claimed descent from theAthenian hero Hesychos, had charge of the worship of theEumenides, who received wineless offerings (Aesch. Eum.107).

" Prob. from HecaUy in reference to Theseus, whose head-gear is the broad Thessalian (Haemonian) felt wiTaaos. Cf.

^ Soph. I.e. Kparl 5' TjXioaTepTjs\Kvvrj wpdcrooTra QeaaaXis viv

d/x7r^xet ; Theophr. H.P. iv. 8. 7.

«* Reference probably to Hecale. The xaZoi' = properly theshepherd's crook. Amerias (the Macedonian, author of a

, Glossary {-yXOxTaai), Athen. iv. 176, etc.) seems to have given^^K it as merely= pd^Sos.

309

I

CALLIMACHUS

auAta-^ /cat SoXixîS divas eTT-t^SAeVere,

fxrjrepa fxoi t^cLovaav ocfyeXXere.^

Schol. Apoll. Rh. iv. 1322. Cf. Steph. Byz. s.v.

NaaajjLCJves

.

dpv€s TOt, ^tAe Kovpe, crvvi^XtKes,^ apves iralpoL

ecjKOVy €VLavdp,ol S' avAta /cat ôrdvaL.

Stobaeus, F/or. Ixxvi. Cf. E.M. s.v. ivLavd/jLos.

ocrris dXcrpovs

avydt,eiv KaSapals ov hvvarai Xoydcnv.

E.M. s.v. XoydSeg, €7rt tcov 6<j>daXp,a>v rd XevKd'

JâXXlfjuaxoS' OGTLs ktX. Cf. Melet. ap. Cramer,Anecd. Oxon. iii. 69. 6.

€t cr€ Upopnqdevs

€7TXa(j€ Kol TTTjXov fjLTj '^ €T€pov yiyovas

.

Clem. Alex. Strom, v. p. 708, Euseb. Praep. Ev.

xiii. 13.

dAAa deovTCJV,

60? dvefjLcoVy ovSels elSev dfjuarpoxi'ds.

Porphyrius, Quaest. Horn. iii.

^ afJXia Scaliger ; aSXij'. ^ dcpeiXere Valckenaer.2 (TWTjXi/ces Wernicke ; o/xriXcKes.

« The Heroines are the TjfxâaaL Ai^vi)s TLfx-qopoL Apoll. Rh.iv. 1309 = xôj/i7;s . • . vvfKpais at Ai^vrjv ivîxovTo id. ii. 504 f.

into whose keeping Apollo gave Gyrene. " My mother " is

no doubt Gyrene as the native city of Galliraachus. So Find.Isth. i. 1 ixarep e/j-d . . . Qr)â. ^

* Possibly from the episode of Linos, Ait. i.

" Cf. Habakkuk i. 13, Thou that art of purer eyes thanto behold evil and canst not look on iniquity,

*^ What seems a reminiscence of this fragment occurs in

an inscription from Pisidia in vol. iii. of the publications of

310

folds of the Nasamones and the long sands, bless yemy mother in her life."

22(127)

Lambs, dear boy, were the companions of thyyouth, lambs were thy comrades and thy sleeping-

place the sheepfolds and the pastures.^

23 (132)

Who with pure eyes cannot look upon sinners."

24(133)

If Prometheus fashioned thee and thou art notmade of other clay.^

25 (135)

But, as they sped like the winds, none saw the

track of the wheels.*

the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (Boston,

1888), by Sterrett : eh yap Zei/s irdvTU)v irpoirdTujp, fxia 5' dvdpdai

pl^a, eh iraXbs irdvTwv. Cf. G. Kaibel, Hermes xxiii. (1888), p.

543 f.

« Porphyrins finds fault with Callimachus for confusingdfiarpoxi-d with dp/xarpoxi-d. He defines the two words thus :

laTL 8^ d/xaTpoxi'a. to dixa rpexetv /cat fir] diroXeiireadai, . . .

dpfxarpoxi-d 8e rdv rpox^v to (x^°^- ^^ Hom. 11. xxiii. 423

dixaTpoxf-ds d\eeivu)v, the meaning of dfiaTpoxid is " collision,"

but the old lexicons recognize the other use: E.M. s.v.

dpfiaTpoxtd gives the same distinction as Porphyrius, quotingII. xxiii. 423 for d/xarpox^d and xxiii. 505 for dp/iarpoxid, buts.v. dfxaTpoxi-d' trap 'O/iij/Xfj i] tQv Tpox^v crvyKpov<xis, irapd TohveojTepoLS 5^ 6 tQu Tpox^v ^v yrj rviros. Cf. Suid. S.v. d/j-aTpoxid,

Hesych. s.vv., Nicandr. Ther. 263 with schol.

311

CALLIMACHUS

€kXv€ . . . Tcov jjLTjSev ifiovs 8t* oBovras oXiaOoL,

UrjXevs.

Schol. Pind. N. v. 25 otSev ovv 6 YLivhapos rov

OcuAcou ddvarov, dAA' eKTpiTrerai elirelv. iirjirore

8e Kol TO TTapa KaAAt/xa;)^(UJ, €kXv€ ktX., ovrojs

aTToSoreov, on at yvvaiKes covetStôv avrw rov

0(x)Kov ddvarov.

el deov oloda,

tod' on Kal piâi Sat/xovt ttov hvvarov.

Plutarch, Mor. 880 f.

Kal TpLTarrj Tieparjos eTTCJVVjJLOS, rjs opohapuvov

AlyVTTTCp KaT€7T7]^€.

Schol. Nicandr. Alex. 101.

dpi(f)L re K€^Xr)v

elpypiivos dyXiOcov ovXov exei Gr€<f)avov.


eyoj 8* 'qvrrjGa AvKelov

KaXov del XiTTocovTa Kara Spopuov'

AttoXXojvos .

Schol. Soph. O.T. 919.

« Peleus and Telamon, sons of Aeaciis and Endeis, slewtheir half-brother Phocus, son of Aeacus and Psamathe.The reluctance of Callimachus to speak of the deed seemsto be an echo of Pindar's treatment of the same theme in

Nem. V. 14 ff. aidôfiai fxeya elireLv ktX.' The reference is to the ptrsea which Schweinfurth has

now, by examination of the material of persea wreaths fromtombs, identified as Mimusops schimperu a native ofAbyssinia. The legend was that it was introduced into

312


26 (136)

Things were said of Peleus, whereof may noneslip through my teeth !

"

Schol. Find. : So Pindar knows of the death of

Phocus but avoids speaking of it. Probably thepassage in Callimachus should be rendered in the

same way: "Things were said. . .."— because the

women reproached him with the death of Phocus.

27(137)

If thou knowest God, thou knowest that every-

thing is possible for God to do.

28 (139)

And third the tree which is named after Perseus,

whereof he planted a scion in Egypt. ^

29 (14.0)

And, wreathed about his head, he wears a curly

garland of garlic.

30(141)

And I met (him) beside the field of Apollo Lyceiosthat always shines fair with oil.^'

Egypt from Persia by Perseus, and that while it had beenpoisonous in Persia it was edible in Egypt, Dioscorides i.

129, schol. Nicander, Ther. 764, Plin. N.H. xv. 45, Diodor.Sic. i, 34, Columella x. 405 flf. See also Theophr. H.P. iv.

2. 1, and for a discussion of the persea and its confusion in

ancient authors with the peach {fxrfkov JlepffiKov) see W, T.Thiselton-Dyer, Journal of Philology, xxxiv. 67 (1915), p.87 if.

" " The Lyceum is a gymnasium at Athens where Apollois worshipped" (schol. Soph. I.e.). Xnrdwvra refers to the oil

used by athletes, cf. Xnrapds iraXaia-Tpas Theocr. ii. 51.

313

CALLIMACHUS

ro Se GKvXos avhpl KaXvirrprj

yiyvofxevov, VL(j)€rov /cat êXicov epvfjba.

Schol. Soph. Aj. 26. Suid. s.v. KaTrjvapLafiivas

.

OS p €<f)vy€v fxev

ÂpKaSurjv, rjiJLLV Se KaKos TTapevdaaaro yeircjv.

Schol. Aristoph. Nub. 508.

'qpveofjLTjv ©avaroto TrdXai KaXiovros oLKOvaau

fJUT) fierd Srjv tva Kai u €7n9prjvi^GaLiJiL Oavovra.

Suidas s.v. /xtJ* . . . p,r} to aTrayopevriKov ovtI

rod Ov KeZrai irapa K-aXXifidxco' rjpveofJLrjv . . .

fjbcraSi^v. rovrdarLV ovk direOavov irpo tovtov,

tva ov fJLcraSrjv /cat eVt crot dprjvrjaoj aTTodavovros

.

We restore as above.

aAAt/ca x/3ucr€t7âtv €€pyoiJievr]v everfjaiv}

E.M. s.v. dXXi^. Cf. Suid. s.vv. d'AAt/ca and

everfjai, Et. Paris. Cramer, Anecd. Par. iv. p. 5, etc.

TToAAa/ct /cat Kavdwv i^Xau dwpov diro.

E.M. s.v. dojpoL.

^ iveryaL Suid. S.V. ; iv^Trjcri.

« The reference is to the Xeovreia 8opd, the hide of theNemean lion worn by Heracles.

'' The reference is to Cercyon, son of Agamedes andEpicaste. Agamedes with Cercyon and Trophonius, son ofEpicaste by a previous marriage, robbed the treasury ofAugeas in Elis. Agamedes was caught in a trap and to

avoid discovery Trophonius cut off the head of Agamedesand fled with Cercyon to Orchomenus and from there

Trophonius to Lebadeia, Cercyon to Athens, Cf. the story

314

p


31 (142)

And the hide that becomes headgear for a man^a defence against snow and missiles."

32 (143)

Who fled from Arcadia and settled beside us, anill neighbour.^

33 (144)

I refused to hearken to Death who called me longago, that—not long after—I should mourn theedead.*'

Suidas : /xtJ as prohibitive particle is found in

Callimachus in place of ov. '^I refused . . ./' i.e. I

did not die before this so that not long after I shouldlament thy death.

34 (149)

A cloak fastened with buckles of gold.

35(150)

And often I drave sleep from my eyes.*^

in Paus. ix. 37. This Cercyon is identified sometimeswith Cercyon, son of Poseidon, e.g. Plutarch, Thes. 2, whokilled strangers whom he forced to wrestle with him until

Theseus killed him. Hence this fragment almost certainly

belongs to the Hecale.« This passage might be referred to the Hecale, if we

suppose that Hecale is trying to dissuade Theseus fromgoing against the Marathonian buU. As it happened, hereturned safe to find her dead. The passage is quoted bySuidas to indicate an apparent use of /ult] for ov, i.e. thenegation is confined to /xeTo. drjv and does not extend to iwidp.

Cf. Hom. Od. iv. 684 f.

<* Cf. Hesych. dopos' dviruos' 'Mrjdv/u.i'aioi.

315

CALLIMACHUS

€V §€ Hdpo) ^ KaXai ^ re /cat atoAa jScvSc' eôuo-at.

E.M. s.v. pevSos' KaAAt/xaxos" iv Se Xlapo) /crA.

(n]fj,aiv€i he ra iroiKiXa ^ 7Top(j)vpd t/xarta.

otbus" P(x)VLTr)aiV iviKpvTTTOVGL^ yvvaiK€s.

E.M. s.v. pcovLnqs. Cf. Cramer, Anecd. Par. iv.

180. 20.

yaioborai^ koI cnrdpra SirjveKes €vt€ ^dXcovraL,

E.M. s.v. yatoSorat. Cf. Suid. s.v. yaioSoTTjs"

6 oLTrcpLTroXcov yyjv.

Kal yXaplSes crra^vXrj t€ KadiejJbdvrj re /xoAujSStff.

E.M. s.v. yXapis. Cf. Hesych. s.v. Gra<l>vX7].

êivos exi'hvalov vepBev dycov SaKerov.

E.M. s.v. SaKerov.

fjLTjS* OLTT* ifiev SL<j)dr€ fjieya ô(j>eovaav aotSi^v.

E.M. s.v. St^cS.

1 iv 5k ndp({} E.M. ; iv Uapicp de ? cf. schol. Aristoph.Wasps 1189 iv Jlapicp xj/vxpov fxiv vbuip KoKal 8i yvvaiKes.

2 /caXai Bentley ; KoXd.' iviKpvTTTovcrt Beiitlcy ; ivi KpîrTovai.

^ yaioboTai.] yaioddrat. Sturz (Bentley had suggested7ew5arTat).

" The reference is to bread baked in the ashes : Apros

iyKpv(pias, panem subcinericium quern Bannokam nostri

appellitant (lo. Maior, De Gestis Scotorum i. 2) ; Hesych.s.v. iyKpv(f>Las' dprov elSos 6 iv <nro8ip yevbjxevoi rip /xt] elvai

KXLâvov ; Athen. 110 a b, 115 e.

* E.M. s.v. (TTatpvXrj (i2nd article, p. 742. 44 Sylburg)

316

36 (155)

In Paros are women fair and robed in shining

raiment.

37 (157)

Such loaves as women bake in the ashes for

herdsmen."

38 (158)

And land-surveyors when they cast their ropes

from end to end.

39 (159)

Chisels and level and lead that is let down.^

40(l6l)

The guest bringing from the underworld the

snaky beast."

41 (165)

And seek not from me a loud-sounding lay.**

confuses this with the fioXi^dis : araipvXr] o^vperaL Kai âpOveraL,

&S (t>-n<n nroXe/itttos [? of Ascalon, in his work Ilcpi diacpopas

X^êcju]' TO fxkv ykp âpvvo/xevov tvojxa iirl tt)S KadiefJ.it/rjs

fioXlôv irapa rots apxtT^KTOffi, rlderaL, to 5^ 6^vv6fjLevov iirl ttjs

diTibpai.

« The 12th labour of Heracles was to bring from HadesCerberus whose mother was Echidna. Cerberus had three

dog's heads, the tail of a serpent, and on his back all

manner of snake heads (Apollodor. ii. 122). Whose guestHeracles became, is a matter of conjecture ; possibly theking of Troezen, where he ascended from Hades (Apollodor.

ii. 126).^ Cf. Ovid, Mem. 381 " Callimachi numerisnon est dicendus

Achilles."

317

CALLIMACHUS

Svirrai r i$ aXos epôfJi'^voL

eVStOt ^ KaV7]K€S.

E.M. s.v. SvTTTTjs' SvTTTaL XiyovTat at aWviaL.

Cf, schol. ApoU. Rh. i. 1008 hvirreiv iorrl to Svveuv.

O O TjAeOS OVT €771 GLTTTJV

jSAeâs".

TjXea fJL€V peâs, ^X^P^ ^^ Tretcro/xcve.

E.M. s.v. rjXeos.

elSvlav (fxiXiov ravpov lr]X€iJLLGaL.

E.M. s.v. IdXe/jLOs. Cf. schol. Theocr. iv. 28.

aurts" OLTTaLTLôvorav irjv ^ evepyea Xolktlv.

E.M. s.v. XoLKTiV.

alel^ TOls fJLLKKOLS fJbLKKCL^ SiSoVGL deoL

Artemidor. Oneirocrit. iv. 80 opOcbs yovv koI to

JâXXifxax^LOV ^x^c aUl ktX., E.M. s.v. {jllkkos.

1 ^pdioi] eCdLoi Schneider, cf. Arat. 913 ff.

2 €7)1^ (which Casaubon had conjectured) Et. Florent. ;

^KVOU E.M.^ aiei om. E.M. ^ /xiKpois fiiKpa Artem.

"» It seems clear that, in the poets at least, various birds

of the gull sort were not very clearly distinguished. ThusHesych. s.v. K-q^, 6 Xdpos Kara 'ATTicjva (time of Augustus to

Claudius, successor of Theon as head of the AlexandrineSchool). Xeyerai 8e Kai Kavrj^, TLves be Kai aWviav dirodLdoacnv,

oi 5^ K^Tr(poi>, oi 5i 8La(f)4povTa aXXifKoiv. Schol. Hom. Od. xv.

479 some say the kt)^ is the \a.po<s, some say the aWvia. E.M.

318

42 (167)

And diver gulls coming forth from the sea at

noon.**

43 (173)

But he being foolish and regarding no omen.^

44 (174)

O thou that hast wrought folly and shalt suffer

hateful things.

45 (176)

Skilled to bewail the white-flecked bull."

46(178)

Asking back again her own well-wrought stirrer."^

47 (17.9)

Always the gods give small things to the small.*

s.v. KavT]^, 6 yXdpos [i.e. \dpos], . . . 'Edipopicop' ttjs oii8' aWviaiovS^ Kpvepoi KavrjKes.

^ Lit. the nuthatch, a bird of omen. Cf. Iambi i. 121.* Apis, the sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis in Egypt.

Though (pdXioi is said usually by the old lexicographers to

mean white (e.g. E.M. s.v. ^aXaKpos), it rather means withwhite spots. Hesych. s.tK 4>a\i6irovv . . . <pd\LOL yap oi

XevKOfj-ircoTTOL. Herod, iii. 28 describes him as black with awhite square on the forehead, and the monumental evidenceagrees with this. Tibullus seems to translate this line i. 7.

28 " Memphitem plangere docta bovem."•* There seems to be a play upon iSpyrj or €v^pyri= Topiji'tj,

Pollux vi. 88.* Artemidorus quotes this apropos of dreams. The good

or evil indicated by dreams is proportionate to the rank ofthe dreamer.

319

CALLIMACHUS

/cat pa irapa ^ cr/catoto Ppaxtovos e/XTtAeov oXttlv.

E.M. s.v. oXttls.

YiKvXXa yvvT) KardKaaaa koX ov ifjvdos ovvop,^ exovaa,

E.M. s.v. i/jldvp. Cf. Suid. s.v. tpvOos-

BpiXi^Gov XayoveacTLV ojJLOvpiov eKriaaavro.^

Galen, De praesagiis ex puis. iii. 6 /xt^tc tojv Xayo-

vojVy (l)s (JvvrjOes, clAA' ovrco Setv <f)daK€ Xayovcjv

OLKOveiVy COS" €7rl rov opovs BptAAiôrou KaAAt/xaxo?

€iprjK€' ^piXX'qcrov Xayoves etat vopuov ov iKTi^cravro.

OotjSos" *^7T€pPopioioiv ovwv cTTtreAAerat Ipols.

ripTTOVOiv XiTTapal ôZôv 6voa<l>ayiaL,

Clem. Alex. Protrept. p. 25, schol. Find. P. x. 49.

SeUXov alritôvaiVy dyovoi he x^tpa? cxtt' epyov,

Schol. Horn. Orf. xvii. 599. Cf. Eustath. ad loc.

Mr)K(x)vr)Vy jxaKapcov eSpavov, avris tSetv/

' Trapd] Kara Meineke.2 The text is due to Bentley, who did not decide between

iKT'qaavTO and iKriaaavTO.^ MtjKu}VT]v . . . ide'iv schol. Find. N. ix. 23.

<» ^Xttt; (6\7rts) usually = \?7kvôs, oil-flask, but see Athen.495 c TT]p 5^ 6Xwr]v KXeirapxos Kopivdiovs fieu (p-rjai Kai Bvâvriovs

Kai Kvirplovs tt)u XrjKvdov aTrodiddvai, Qea-aaXovs d^ ttju Ttpoxôv.

^ Scylla, daughter of Nisus, king of Megara. When Minosattacked Megara, he corrupted Scylla, who cut from the

320


. 48 (181)

And on the left arm a full flask.'*

49(184)

Scylla^^ a lecherous woman and not falsely named

50 (185)

They founded (a city) nigh to the flanks ofBrilesos.*'

Galen : Aayovcs is to be understood not in theusual sense but as Callimachus uses it of Mt.Brilessos.

51 (187)

Phoebus visits the Hyperborean sacrifices of asses.

52(188)

Fat sacrifices of asses delight Phoebus.'^

53 (190)

They ask their evening meal and stay their handsfrom work.

54(195 + 465)

To behold again Mecone, seat of the Blessed,

head of her sleeping father the purple or golden lock onwhich his life or his success depended, thus betraying herfatherland to the enemy. Hence she was true to her nameScylla ((TKvXe^u^ "to despoil").

« Brilesos, hill in Attica (Strabo 399). For \ay6pes cf.

Heliod. Aeth. ii. 26.^ Cf. Find. P. X. 30 ff. where Perseus is said to have

found the Hyperboreans sacrificing kXcltcls 6vo}p iKaro/x^as toApollo.

Y 321

CALLIMACHUS

T^X^ ttolXovs iâXovro, SieKpivavro he rtâ?

TTpcara yiyavreiov Sat/xov€S €K iroXefiov.

^Kpuivo-qSy (L ielve, ydfiov fcarajSaAAo/x' dctSetv.

Schol. Find. N. ii. 1.

Êpylvos KXvfjLevov eôxos eV arahio),

Schol. Find.' 0. iv. 32.

*HAtv dvacjcr€(7ât, Ato? otVtov, €AAt77€ OuAet.

Schol. Find. 0. X. (xi.) 55.

TToXXaKL 8' €/c Auxvov TTtov cActfav cap.

Schol. Nicand. Alex. 87. Cf. EM. s.v. ipcoSios.

'Pi^ytov darv Xlttcjv Îokolgtov AtoAtSao.

Tzetzes, Lycophr. 54 and 739.

at he pooKpavoLo Trap* dyKvXov txôs *Apal6ov.J

Schol. Lycophr. 409.

^ ^X' • • • TToXifiov schol. Vat. Eurip. Hec. 467.

" There seems every reason to combine the two frag-

ments. Mecone was the old name of Sicyon (Strabo, 382).

For the casting of lots at Mecone cf. Hesiod, Th. 535 ff.

* Arsinoe II. (Philadelphus), married to her brotherFtolemy Philadelphus circ. 277 b.c, certainly not later than274/3 (Pithom stele).

" Erginus, an Argonaut, who took part in games in

Lemnos, where the women scoifed at his prematurely grey

322


where first the gods cast lots and apportioned their

honours after the war with the giants."

55 (196)

O stranger, I begin to sing the marriage of Arsinoe.^

56(197)

Erginus, son of Clymenus, excellent in the (short)

footrace."

57 (198)

He left Elis, the abode of Zeus, to be ruled byPhyleus.**

58 (201)

And often they drank rich oil from the lamp.

59 (202)

Leaving Rhegium, the city of locastus * son of

Aeolus.

60 (203)

And some by the crooked track of the ox-headedAraethus. ^

hair, yet he won the footrace (Pind. O. iv. 19, Liban.Ep. 303).

^ Phyleus, son of Augeias, bore witness against his

father when he refused to reward Heracles for cleaning his

stables. For this Augeias banished him, but afterwardsHeracles slew Augeias and gave the kingship of Elis to

Phyleus (ApoUod. ii. 141).* Reputed founder of Rhegiura, cf. Diodor. v. 8.

^ Araethus here and Lycophr. 409 - Aratthus, river in

Epirus (Strabo 325). Rivers were often represented as

tauriforra or bull-headed, cf. Soph. Track. 13.

323

CALLIMACHUS

Kal KptfJivov KVKeojvos aTToardôvTos epaê.

Schol. Lycophr. 607, cf. E.M. s.v. KpX XevKov.

rrjv jxev 6 y iorTrepfxrjvev 'Eptvut TiXcfx/jaalrj,

Schol. Lycophr. 1225 {cf. 153).

^coKadcjv f.iexpi'9 K€ [Jidvr) [xiyas elv dXl jJLvSpos.

Schol. Soph. Atitig. 264<.

Orjpos deprd^cjv Sepfjua Karo)p,dhiov

.

Schol. ApoU. Rh. i. 1243 Kvpiojs ol TTOiTjTal rov

Xiovrd âui dr\pa, cus" kol KaAAt/xapôs".

KoX rd fi€V a)s i^'/xcAAe fierd xpovov eKreXieudai.

= Apoll. Rh. i. 1 309, where the schol. says KaA-XifJidxOV 6 GTLXOS'

dvrl ydp eKX'qdrjs "I/xjSpacre Uapdeviov.

Schol. Apoll. Rh. ii. 867 (cf. i. 187); schol. Find.

0. vi. 149.

(a/catvav

)

dfJLôrepov Kevrpov re jSocov Kal fxerpov dpovprjs.

Schol. Apoll. Rh. iii. 1 323 aKatva 8e ian jjierpov

Se/cctTTOW SeoTGaXcov cvpefia' 7] pd^Sos TroLfievLKr)

Trapd UeXacryolg 7]vpr)iJL€vrj' rrepl rjs KaAAt/xa;)^^)?

<f>7]crLV' dpL<f>6T€pov ktX. Cf E.M. s.v. aKauva.« Probably from the Hecale. Both schol. Lycophr. and

E.M. recognize two senses of Kpifxvov^ (a) a kind of barley :

t6 Traxi) tov aXevpov {E.M.), (6) to airbaTa-yixa rod KVKedvos.^ Tilphosa= Telphusa= Thelpusa on the river Ladon in

Arcadia, where Demeter had the cultname of Erinys."He" is Poseidon, "her" is Despoina, i.e. Persephone.See for the legend Pans. viii. 25, where the daughter of

324


61 (205)

And groats of pottage dripping on the ground.'^

62 (207)

Her he begat with Erinys of Tilphosa.*

63 (209)

So long as the Phocaeans' mighty mass of metalremains in the sea.^

64(211)

Hanging on his shoulders the hide of the beast.**

65 (212)

And these things were thus to be fulfilled in after

time.

66 (213)

For in pjace of Parthenius thou wert called

Imbrasus.*

67 (214)

(The rod)j at once a goad for oxen and a measureof land.^

Demeter and Poseidon is left nameless

—

dvyaripa ^s rb 6potia

is dreXiaTovs \4yeiv ou vofiiôvffi ; cf. Iamb. 9.

" Herod, i. 165 tells how the Phocaeans under Persianpressure determined to emigrate to Corsica. They invokedterrible curses on anyone who remained behind and in

addition fjLvSpov (ndripeov KareTrovTuaav koI &jxo(rav fir] irplv is

îbKaiav TJêLv irplv ij rbv fx{)5pov tovtov dvacpavrivai.

^ Heracles and the Nemean lion.

* Imbrasus, river in Samos, formerly caUed Parthenius(Strabo 457).

f So our own " rod," " pole," " perch," and the Romanas= asser.

325

CALLIMACHUS

'PiTTaiov TTejJLTrovaiv aTr' ovpeos, rjî yLoXivra

Schol. Apoll. Rh. iv. 284.

uvv 8' dfJivSis (l)opvT6v re /cat tTTVta Xufxar aeipev.

Schol. Aristoph. Vesp. 832 tWta ra dnoKaddp-

jLtara rov Ittvov -^ rd irpos ttjv KdjJLivov CTrtrT^Seta

KavGLfjLa. KaXXifxaxos §€ rrjv Koirpov rwv ^wcov

crvv 8* ktX. Cf. Suid. jr.vv. iTTVta and deipev, schol.

Aristoph. Ack. 927.

KvTTpode TilSovlos pi€ Karriyayev evBdhe yavXos.

Schol. Aristoph. Av. 598.

ou8' €Tt T^v O^tcov etêv dvaKroplrjv.

Ammonius, He/Dt Ae^. 8ta^. 143.

TcdvalrjVf or cKetvov aTTOTrvevaavra TTvdolpLrjv

.

Schol. Aesch. CA. 438.

Xrf HaXXds, AeA<ôt vtv o^' ISpvovro Ilpovalr)v,

Schol. Aesch. Eum. 21.

fxiG(f>a KaAaupetT^s" "iÂêv es" dvrtSoo-tj/.

Schol. Aesch. £«»?.. 21.

" The mythical Rhipaean mountains, where the Danubewas supposed to rise, formed the south boundary of theHyperboreans (Alcman fr. 58, Aesch. fr. 197, Strabo 295and 299).

* Probably refers to Heracles cleaning the stables ofAugeias.

" Reference probably to Peleus, cf. Ait i. 1. 23 f.

^ The title Pronaia refers to the position of her image

326


68 (215)

They send from the Rhipaean mountain wherechiefly . .

."

69 (216)

Together he took litter and filth of the midden.^

70 (217)

A Sidonian galley brought me here from Cyprus.

71 (218)

And no longer did he hold the sovereignty of the

Phthians.*'

72 (219)

Let me die when I hear that he has breathed his

last.

73 (220)

And Pallas when the Delphians established her as

Pronaia.^

74 (221)

Until he came (it came) to the exchange of

Calaureia.*

before the temple of Apollo {E.M. s.v. etc.), cf. Paus. ix. 10.

2. This title was sometimes confused with her title of Pronoia,

cf. Paus. X. 8. 6, Aeschin. iii. 108.« The myth was that Pytho originally belonged to

Poseidon, who exchanged it with Apollo for Calaureia, anisland off Troezen (Paus. ii. 33. 2, x. 5. 6). Strabo 373-4

says Poseidon gave Delos to Leto for Calaureia and Pythoto Apollo for Taenarum.

327

CALLIMACHUS

Tov <T€> jjLeOvTrXijyos (fypoifJiLov Âpx^Xoxov.'^

Eustath. Horn. //. p. 629. 56.

LTTTTOvs KaierdevTOS (xtt' Evpcorao Koynaaai,

Schol. Horn. Od. iv. 1, Eustath. ad loc.

€aK€V OT d^cocrros ;âT€po7ro/97ros" en.

Schol. Eurip. Hecuba, 934.

elfxl repas KaAfSoDi/os', dyco 8' AlrcoXov ''Aprja.

Schol. Eurip. Phoen. 134 *'Apr] 8' AlrwXov cos

exovTOS avrov iirl rrjs daiTLSog tov irepi rod gvos

TroXejJbov' KaAAt/xaôs" €t/xt ktX.

fjuTj av ye, Getoyeves", Koiprjs x^pa J^lXXikocdvtos.

Schol. Aristoph. Pax, 363, Suid. s.v. TTOvrjpog, Cf.

Suid. s.v. KtAAt/ccDv.

1 'AvTi\6xov ; corr. Ruhnken.

« Archilochus of Paros circ. 650 b.c, famous for his

"hymns of hate," or iambic lampoons, cf. Athen. 628a,where Archilochus boasts of his skill in writing dithyrambsoivcp avyKepavvoideh (ppivat.

* Quoted aproposof the V.?. Kaierdea-aav (Zen.), for KT]Td}€<r<Tap,

which some interpreted as KaXafiipdibdr) = abounding in mint, cf.

Hesych. s.v. Kalara, others as full of pits(/cai^Tai), cf. Strabo 367." The Lacedaemonian girls were A^cjo-tol Kal dxircoves, un-

girdled and without a tunic, i/xdrtov fibvov iiri ddrepa eTTLire-

328

75 (223)

The hymn of wine-smitten Archilochus.**

76 (224)

To bring horses from the Eurotas abounding in

mint.*

77 (225)

When she was still ungirdled and her mantlepinned on one shoulder.*'

78 (226)

I am the Wonder of Calydon and I bring Aetolian

war.**

Schol. Eur. Phoen. : Aetolian war : because hehad on his shield the battle of the (Calydonian) boar.

79 (227)

Theogenes, cleave not thou the hand of Cillicon.*

iropirfifj^va. Eustath. Horn. II. p. 975. 37 (schol. Eurip. e<f>'

iKaripov rCiv diyuwv, read ^0' iripov).

^ Eurip. I.e. says of Tydeus, son of Oineus, king ofCalydon in Aetolia, "Kp-i) 5' AiruXov ev a-r^ppois ix^i, i.e. thedevice on his shield is a representation of the Hunt of theCalydonian Boar. For Tydeus as the Boar of Calydon cf.

Lycophr. 1066, Eur. Phoen. 411, etc.* Cillicon betrayed Miletus to Priene. Afterwards he

entered the shop of one Theogenes to buy meat, Theogenesasked him to point out where he wanted it cut and, whenhe stretched out his hand, cut it off, saying, " With this

hand thou shalt never betray another city," schol. Aristoph.and Suid. I.e.

329

CALLIMACHUS

ipTTcrd, Tcjv alel rer/oaârat Ao^tai.

Schol. Nicandr. Alex. 6ll Trepl Trjs crfiiXov <f)rj(jLV

'AvSpea? TT€pl AlroiXiav irXrjdvveLV /cat rovs

iyKOLfJurjOevras avrrj aTTodvrjcrKeLV . 6 Se ©eoi^paoTos'

[H.P. iii. 10. 2] TTcpl fjL€V rctjv dvdpa)7rojv ovSev

€LprjK€v, avTo Se fiovov on rd \6<ôvpa tcjv ^cocov

y€V(jdfJL€va drrodv'qcrKeL, \6(f)ovpa 8' elul ôes'qfjuLovoi. JâXXifjuaxos Se* ipnerd ktX.

Cf. Aeliaiij De animal, ix. 27 pnacj puev GKopTriovs,

(J)lXco 8e dvdpojTTovs. KaAAtjLta;\;os" Sc dpa iv rfj

yfj TTJ Tpax^via aSet hivhpov ri (jyveGdat /cat

KaXeXcrdai afiXXov cL rd ipnerd yeirvidaavTa /cat

TTapai/javGavra dpx^v etra aTro^vi^CT/cetv.

elKaiiqv rrjs ovSev dire^paae (jyavXov dXerpiS'

Suidas s.v. et/cata, and s.v. dvoppdcrfjiaray rdTTLTvpa Trapd KaAAt/xa;â> • rrjs ovSev ktX. Cf. s.v.

dXcrpls and schol. Arist. Pax 257.

Xttov r dvSLKT7)v T€ p,dX ctSora jxaKpov dXeaOai.

iv S' eridei Trayiheaaiv oXedpia SelXara Soiats.

Pollux X. 156. Cf. E.M. s.vv. dvhiKriqs, SeXedp.

Tov fJL€V €7r' dcTKdvra KdOia^v.

E.M. s.v. daKdvrrjs.* According to Bentley tQu . . . \o<ptaL is a paraphrase of

\6<povpa, i.e. bushy-tailed. It must be said that in this casealei is strange, and \o<piai, which should refer to the mane or

neck, if we must here refer it to the hair of the tail, is

awkward, in spite of \64>ovpa. It seems at least possible

that \o(f>Lai here means "necks," and that the ms.

T€Tpi<j)aTaL is right : i.e. " animals whose necks are alwaysbruised," i.e. beasts of burden, epTrera Xocpovpa. It is notnecessary to give Xo0t^ the sense of Xocpos in \6(povpos, andthis rendering gives meaning to alei. Bentley supposes

330

80 (228)

Animals whose brushes are always well grown.*

Schol. Nicandr. : Andreas says of the yew that it

abounds in Aetolia, and that those who sleep on it

die. Theophrastus says nothing of human beings,

but only that bushy-tailed animals die if they eat

of it. By bushy -tailed animals he means oxen or

mules. ...Aelian : I hate scorpions but I love men. Cal-

limachus sings of a tree growing in Trachis called

"yew/' which, if four-footed things approach andeat at all, they die.

81 (232)

Ordinary meal, from which the mill-woman has

sifted nothing coarse.^

a2 (233 + 458)

Trap and spring well skilled to leap afar ; andin the two snares (she '') put deadly bait.

83 (237)

(She) made him sit upon a stool.'^

Aelian I.e. to confuse ipireTd, meaning " animals" generally(Hesych. s.v.), with epTrera in special sense of " serpents."

Schneider defends Aelian by assuming that he is referring

to some other (possibly prose) passage of Callimachus. M.Wellmann, Hermes xxiv. (1889), p. 542, agrees with Bentley.

" The antecedent to eiKai-qu might be Kpid-f^v or a.\<pLTov

oLKT-qv. What is meant is whole meal unbolted {&(n}<xTo{)

and "having everything in it" (Athen. 114 e), as opposedto KpidTJs Kadapu)s ijffcriijAva iravra (Athen. Ill f). Probablyfrom the Hecale. " Probably Hecale.

^ Reference probably to Hecale and Theseus.

331

CALLIMACHUS

Se/ca 8' darpias aXvvro Xdrpov.

E.M. s.v. dcrrpias. Suid. s.v. dcrrpia. Cf.

Hesych. s.v. darpies, Poll. ix. 99.

tfOpKos TOt, (j>iX€ Kovp€y AtjSucTTtSos" avTLKa Scjaoj

7T€vr€ V€0(JixriKTOVS doTpias.

Schol. Platon. p. 319 Bekker ; cf. Eustath. Horn.

//. p. 1289. 55.

oaov pXcofjLov 7TLOV09 TjpdcraTO.

E.M. s.v. jSAcj/xos".

TTjv Se y€vrjv ovk ol8a.

E.M. s.v. yevedXr).

ypdfJLixara S* ovx etXiGcrev drroKpyâ.

E.M. s.v. ypdpLfia, Eustath. Horn. Od. p. 1959- 6l,

Ammon. Ilepl Siacj). Xe^. p. .S8.

et hi 7TOT€ TTpoêpoivro ^ Staor/xara, <f>dp€OS dpXTJv*

Et. Florent. p. 87, cf. E.M. s.v. Stac7/xa.

TO 8' €/c fieXav clap eXaTrrcv,

E.M. s.v. eta/).

diqpos ipcoTâas oXoov Kepas,

E.M. s.v. ipojT]. Cf. Suid. s.v. epcxyeis.

^ irpo(f)opo'LVTo Schneider, cf. PoU. vii. 32 crr^crai Tbv arfuxova

il TO. (rTr]fi6vLa, Kai irpocpopeiadai' ovtu yap iXeyov oi 'AttlkoI

TO vvv didêa-dac.

darpL^, as E.M. rightly explains, is a viroKopLffTiKbv or petname for da-TpdyaXos. ^ Cf. Theophrast, Char. v. 4.

* Reference probably to Heracles and Theiodamas.

332

I FRAGMENTS OF UNCERTAIN LOCATION

84 (238)

And ten dice (he) took for fee.*

85 (239)

I will give thee straightway, dear boy, five newly-polished dice made from a Libyan antelope.^

86 (240)

As much as he loved the rich morsel."

87 (241)

His birth I know not.**

88 (242)

And he did not unroll secret writings.*

89 (244)

And if ever they cast the warp, the beginning of

the robe.^

90 (247)

And lapped therefrom the dark blood.

91 (249)

Staying the deadly horn of the beast.*"

<* Reference to Nile ?

* Quoted to show use of ypdfifji,aTa = avyypd/xfxaTa, " writ-

ings," not " letters."

^ Cf. larbv arriaairo yvvi} irpo^aXoiTo re ^pyov, Hesiod, W.779.

Reference probably to Theseus and the bull ofMarathon.

333

CALLIMACHUS

ov T€^ ixdXiara ôwv irodiovaiv ex^voi.

E.M. s.v. exlvos.

aôvrai 8* ovx lttttov deOXtov, ov fiev ix^vov

povSoKov.

E.M. s.v. ix'i^vos; Et. Flor. p. 138 dôvrai . .

PovhoKov, so Et. Sorb. etc.

^ /)' on, TCJs 6 yiyeios eêt Aoyo?.

dvdea fjLi^KOJvos re . . .

E.M, s.v. yeyeioS'

TO) LKcXov TO ypdfJLfia TO Kcolov.

E.M. s.v. Kojos".

T€p7TVLGTOl Sk TOK€V<7L ToO^ vUeS . . .

E.M. s.v. T€pTTVLOTOS

.

7TT€pVr} 9^ ITTTTOS iXaw6pL€VOS.

Schol. Find. 6. xiii. 27.

avTcoprjs ot€ toXctlv e7Te<f)paS€,

Schol. Find, P. iv. 1 04 evOev Srj /cat avTcoprjs 6

rpLTTOVS, cLs KaAAt/xa;)ôs" avTcoprjs ktX.

^ 6p re E.M. ; dre or 6tl the other Etymologies.

« Cf. Nonn. x. 333f. ; ôvxavdijs 6 \4pv^, A.P. vi. 153.


92 (250 a)

Which most of all the bellies of cattle desire.

93 (250 b)

And they will carry off (as prize) not a racehorse

nor a cup that would hold an ox."

94 (252 a)

Or^ as the old tale is, that . . .

95 (252 b)

Where old flowers of poppy and ...

96 (254)

Like thereto is the writing of the man of Cos.^

97 (256)

And sweetest then to parents are their sons . . .

98 (263)

And horse urged by the rider's heel.

99 (264)

When the tripod of its own motion declared to

them."

* Reference probably to Philitas (Philetas) of Cos, famousscholar and elegiac poet, teacher of Ptolemy Philadelphus.

" Battus consulted the Pythian oracle about his stammer-ing voice, but the oracle took no regard to his question, buttold him to lead a colony to Libya. Cf. auro^drcfj KeMdif Pind.

P. iv. 60.

335

CALLIMACHUS

7] vnep avaraXeov^ âpircov X6(j>ov,

Schol. Find. P. v. 31.

€V Se deoLGLV iirl (l>Xoyl /cate/xev ofJUTrag.^


virelp dXa K€lvo9 ivdadrj

'AA/caôov tIs anvaros.

Schol. Soph. O.C. 3 rts ov TTVcrfiariKays oAA*

avrl rod apdpov. on Se rw ris avrl rod dpBpov

XP^vraij KaXXtfJuaxos <f)rj(jLV ovrcos' VTT^lp . . .

aTTTUGros [sic, corr. Bentley].

ri haKpvov evSov iyeipeus;

Schol. Soph. O.C. 510, Suid. s.v. Seivov.

fiaarvos aAA* or* ^ eKafivov dXyjrm,

Schol. Apoll. Rh. i. 1353.

Tvpcrrjvwv T€t;)^tcr/xa IlcXapytKov,

Schol. Arist. Av. 832.

^ dffToXûiv, " naked," Ruhnken, cf. Hesych. aaToK'qs.

fjLT) Trepiê^Xrjfx^Pos. ^ 6/j,Tras] 6iJiirvas schol. Nicand.3 dXV 6t Editor ; SXKot.

* The Hill of the Graces, from which the Cinyps flows,

lies between the Greater and Lesser Syrtes. The epithetaucrraXôs, incomptus, seems to correspond exactly toHerodotus' description of it (iv. 175) : daaijs (drjat.. Themetaphor is the same as 6pos KeKo/xrj/xivov vXy, Hymn iii. 41,

100 (266)

Or over the unkempt Hill of the Charites.*

101 (268)

And withal to burn in the flame wheaten cakes to

the gods.

102 (272)

He settled beyond the sea who unwittingly <slew>

Alcathous.*^

Schol. Soph.: rtV, not interrogative but for thp

article. For tls as article cf. Callimachus : "He"etc.

103 (273)

Why wakest thou the sleeping tear ?

104 (277)

But when they were weary with wandering in

search.

105 (283)

The Pelargic wall of the Tyrrhenians."

* Quoted to illustrate use of tls = 8$. Alcathous, brotherof Oeneus, was slain by his nephew Tydeus, who wastherefore banished (Apollod. i, 76).

« For the ne\a<r7i/c6j' or UeXapyiKov lying below theAcropoUs at Athens cf. Paus. i. 28. 3, Thuc. ii. 17, Strabo221. The Tyrrheni came from Lydia, Strabo 219 : Pelasguswas son of Niobe, daughter of Tantalus of Lydia. HenceTyrrhenians = Pelasgians. The Pelasgic wall was supposedto have been built by the Pelasgians. E.3I. s.v. HeXapyiKdphas : TO virb Tvpprjvdu KaTaaKacpev Telx^^^ k'''^'

z 337

CALLIMACHUS

a irdvrois Iva yrjpas

avdi roh^ e/cSuot/xt.

(a) Suid. s.v. a. JâXXifiaxos' a . . . yrjpas. So

schol. Plat. p. 39s Bekker etc. a Trdvra crvvayetpas,

Hesych. s.v. d and Et. Paris, ap. Cram. Anecd. Par.

iv. p. 84. (6) Ammon. De diff. adfin. voc. p. 27

KaKcos ovv KaXXifiaxos <f>rjaL' avdi actA. dvrl

Tov fxerd ravra.

€LV€K€V ovx cv dciafia <Sl7)V€K€s>^ '^vvara.

Apoll. Dysc. De conjunct, p. 505. 17.

cAAere, pacrKavi'qs oXoov yivos.

Eustath. Horn. //. p. 756. 37.

rd fJLrj rrareovGLV dpLaâL,

rd crrelêiv, ir€p(x)v 8* t;^ta jjut) KaO* ofid.

Olympiodor. in Platon. Phaedon p. 66 b Acat ITi;^-

ayopeiov rjv napdyyeXpia êvyeiv rds Xecocfiopovs

coGTrep TO ra . . . o-retpetv /cat erepojv o

ktX.; cf. Eustath. Horn. //. p. 1317. 18 and Eustath.

Prooem. comm. Pind. xxiii. 14.

hvr]v diTodecrrov ^ dAoA/cot.

Suid. s.v. SvT).

^ dir)v€K4$ in raarg. Cod. Par. Bekker, Anecd. p. 1117,

extr. ; cf. Ammon. De diff. adfin. voc. p. 106 KaXX/îaxos

elirdov e'iveKev . . . Aeia-fxa.

2 airbdead' Mss. ; corr. Porson.

" The Editor ventiu-es to combine these two fragments.

338

106 (323 + 286)

Ah ! verily, that I might strip off again this oldlaage!

107 (287)

That Idid not make one continuous poem.^

108 (292)

Plague upon you, baleful children of envy

!

109 (293)

To walk in paths where no wheel comes and not

to follow the tracks of others.

Olympiodorus : And it was a Pythagorean precept

to avoid the highways, like the precept (of Callim.)

"To walk/' etc."

110 (302)

And ward off unenviable woe.^

Schneider suggested that the object of iKdijoL/xL might bey^pas ; cf. Aristoph. Pax 336.

^ Possibly refers to the sort of criticism implied in the

schol. on Hymn ii. 106 (see Introd. to that Hymn)." In spite of Kai in Olymp. these two quotations seem

to belong together; cf. Verg. G. iii. 292 " iuvat ire iugis

qua nulla priorum CastaHam molH divertitur orbita clivo."<* dir6d€<rTos = cLTrevKTds, deprecandus was by some derived

from TTodiij}. So Suid. here, i}v oitdels irodeT.

339

CALLIMACHUS

fjbrj iJL€ rov €v AcoScavt Xiyoi jjlovov ovveKa ;^cuWov

rjyeLpov.

Steph. Byz. frag. s.v. AwScovt] ; cf. Bekk. Anecd.

p. 1228.

Schol. Apoll. Rh. iv. l6l4 dAicata Xiyerai 'q rov

Xiovros ovpd . . . KaXXlfiaxos 8e KaKws ctti t6jv

jjLvcjv^ rideiKev

dXKaCas a<j)€vaav.^

^Biyy€o, kvSlgtt], TrXcLOTeprj <l)dpDyL.

Et. Flor. p. 247 ; cf. E.M. s.v. TrAetorepos".

Suid. s.v. Mapa9a)V' . . rovrov KaXXifiaxos iworiov

Xeyet, roxnicrrL hivypov ri ewSpov.

fjL€LOV yap ovTCos TpwtXos <y > lhdKpvaev\r\ Upia/JLO^*

Plutarch^ Consol. ad Apoll. xxiv. 114 a; cf. Cic.

Tusc. Qu. i. 39 "Non male ait Callimachus multosaepius lacrimasse Priamum quam Troilum."

hpOLKaivav

£^€X<j>vvr]v

,

Schol. Apoll. Rh. 11. 706.

^ IxvGjv Bent. ; fiviQv or fxrjpQu.

2 d^eOffav Ed. ; &<pv<T<ra.

* See Hymn iv. 286 n. AajSwi/alo;/ xctX/felo;' was a proverb,iiri TUP dKaTairava-Tios XaXovvTuv, Gaisf. Paroem. Or. p. 131 ;

cf. pp. 223 and 377.

340

111 (306)

Lest one say of me that I did but wake thebrazen gong at Dodona.**

112(317)

dXKaia is properly said of the lion's tail, butCallimachus uses it improperly of mice :

They singed^ their tails.

113 (331)

Speak, most glorious one, with fuller " throat.

114(350)

Marathon is called by Callimachus evvoTcos, i.e.

moist or watery, f^

115 (363)

For truly Troilus * wept less than Priam.

116(364)

The dragoness Delphyne.

* Bentley wrongly compared Hesych. f]<pva-a/iir}v' i^etX-

KvadfjLTjv, which refers, of course, to Horn. Od. vii. 286 dfx(pl

8e <pv\\a 7]<f>v<xdiJ.r}v.

*> TrXetdrepos not, as E.M., compar. of TrXetos but double

conipar. from irXeiwv. Such forms (6Xt^6Tepos, /xeLdrepos, etc.)

are common in post-classical poetry.^ Cf. Hecale i. 1. 8.

* Troilus, youngest son of Priam, slain, while stiU a boy,

by Achilles in the temple of Apollo Thymbraeus.

341

CALLIMACHUS

TpiyXa>x''V oXocb vfjcros irr* 'Ey/ceAaSo;.

Choerob. ap. Bekk. Anecd. 1424 b; cf. schol.

Pind. 0. iv. 11 o /xev liivSapos to) Tvcftcjvi cfyrjcrLV

iTTLKCLGdai rrjv Altvtjv, 6 Be KaXXufxaxos rep

'Ey/ceAaSw.

€7r€t deos ovhk yeXdacrai

oLKXavrl jjiepoTrecraLV oL^vpotaLV eScoKC,

Schol. Gregor. Naz. Or. Stelit. i. 70.

TTiTTpdaKei S' o KaKos TTOvra irpos dpyvpiov*

Schol. Thuc. vii. 57.

Moucat jLttv iols iTTL tvvvov eOevro

<yovvaaL>,

Apollon. Dysc. Pronom. p. 143.

dyvojarov he îX(p firjêv eôt/it /caAov.

Theoph. Simoc. Qu. Phys. 7 ; Eustath. //. 743. 7

;

937. 57; Oc?. 1684. 40.

€/c /x€ KoAcovacov TLs ofxeGTLOv rjyaye Sat/xcov

Tcov irepojv.

Schol. Ambros. Q. Horn. Od. xiv. 197 ; cf. Suid. s.v.

KoAcomcov. So v7]Gdojv Hymn iv. 66 and 275.

O* K€V ^pa)(J€LOVT€S ifJLOV TTaplcOGW dpOTpOV,

Apollon. Soph. Lex. s.v. oipeiovres.

•* Sicily, under which is buried the giant Enceladus.

342


117(382)

The three-forked island * (that lies) upon deadly

Enceladus.

Schol. Pind. : Pindar says that Aetna lies uponTyphon, Callimachus says upon Enceladus.

118 (418)

For God hath not granted to woeful mortals evenlaughter without tears.

119(4.19)

The base man sells all for silver.

120 (420)

The Muses set him when a little child upon their

knees

121 (422)

Let me have no good thing unknown to a friend.

122 (428) -

To share (whose) hearth some evil fate brought

me from Coloni.

123 (435)

Who anhungered pass my plough.^

^ The speaker is probably Theiodamas ; cf. Hymn ill.

161 n. Knaack, Hermes xxiil (1888), p. 134.

343

CALLIMACHUS

oto COOT eg ox^rjs ocpLs OLLoAos avx€V avacrxcov

Orion. Eti/m. p. l65. 2.

dfidprvpov ovSev delbo),

Schol. Dion, Per. i. p. 318 Bernh.

ovs BpeWos" a^* iuirepLoio daXdacrqs

TJyayev 'EAAtJvo)!/ ctt' dvdaracnv,^

Schol. Dion. Per. 74.

ouS' o^ei' otSev oSevet

dvrjTos dvrip. .

Schol. Dion. Per. 221.

KoX Toaov 6(l>daXfjLol yap dTtevdies oaaov dKOvrj

€t8i>AtV.

El Gud. p. l63. 22, etc.

a jSaAe /xt^S' dPoXyjcrav.

Schol. MS. in Dionys. Thrac. (Ernesti).

Movorecov 8' ou /xaAa ^etSos" cyco.

Cod. Voss. £.xV/. p. 791. 11.

TTciAai 8' €Tt ©CCTO-aAos" dvT7p

pvard^cL <j>dipi€VOJV dix(f)l Td(j)ov <j)ovias.

Proclus on Plato, Rep. p. 391 ; cf. schol. ABLeid. Horn. //. xxii. 397.

^ iw dvaaraaiv Ruhnken ; els iwavdaTaa-iv.

344

I


124 (438)

And they, even as a coiling snake lifting its neckfrom its lair ...

125 (442)

' I sing naught that hath not its witness.

126 (443)

Whom Brennus from the Western sea . . .

brought for the overthrow of the Hellenes.**

127 (445)

And no mortal man knoweth whence he * travels.

128 (451)

For the eyes are as ignorant as the ears are

knowing.

129 (455)

Ah ! would that they had never even met 1

130 (460)

Not parsimonious of the Muses am I.

131 (466)

And even from of old the Thessalian hales the

slayers of the dead around their tomb.

« Brennus was leader of the Gallic invasion of 279 b.c.

* The river Nile.

345

CALLIMACHUS

KaXXiXopcp €771 (jyprjTL KaOe^co TratSos" aTTVaros,

Schol. Clem. Alex. Protrept. p. l6.

ol §', €V€K* EiVpVVOpbr) TtTT^VtaS", eiTTOV, €TlJ<r€,

Schol. V. Horn. //. xviii. 399 ; cf. Apollon. Dysc. Deconjunct, p. 505. 17.

oAA' dvTL Pp€<l)€OJV TToXlOV, V€0V, €Lp€Va, pLeGGOV*

Choerob. in Theodos. ap. Bekk. Anecd. p. 1193,

Epimer. ap. Cram. Anecd. Ox. i. p. 413.

^ArpaKLOV S7]7T€iTa XvKOGTToZa TTwXov iXavv€i,

Choerob. in Theodos. ap. Bekk. Anecd. p. 1346.

€GrLV vhos KOL yaia /cat OTTTT^rcLpa Kapuivos.

Choerob. in Theodos. ap. Bekk. Anecd. p. 1209-

vaLGXopLev aGTrfvor ra puev OLKode Trdvra SeSacrrat.

Et. Florent. s.v. dcrr'qvos 6 SvgtvxtjS Kal Trivqs'

K.aXXipLaxos' 7rdcrxppi^€V ktX.

aVTLKa J^evdlTTTTrjV T€ TToXvKprjpLVOV T€ UpOGV-puvav.

Et. Florent. s.v. KevdiTTTrrj.

** Demeter. * Persephone." Eurynome, daughter of Tethys and Oceanus (Hes. Th.

358) and wife of Ophion (ApoU. Rh. i. 503), was mother ofCharis or the Charites (Hes. Th. 907).

^ Perhaps from the Linos episode {Ait. i. 2). €lpr]v =youth of twenty years (Laconia).

« Atrac.ian= Thessalian (Lycophr. 1309, Stat. Th. i. 106,

346


132 (m)By the well of Callichorus thou " didst sit, having

no tidiiigs of thy child.*

133 (471)

Some said that Titanian Eurynome*' was hermother.

134 (473)

But, for infants, the grey-haired and the child,

the young man and the middle-aged.^^

135 (474)

Then he drives a wolf-bitten Atracian colt.*

136 (475)

Water there is and earth and the baking kiln.

137 (476)

We suffer in misery ; all at home is expended.^

138 (477)

Straightway Centhippe ^ and many-cliffed Prosjrmna.

Propert. i. 8. 25, Val. Fl. vi. 447) from Atrax, town in

Thessaly. Thessalian horses were proverbially good (Strabo

449). Xw/foo-Trds as epithet of horses indicates excellence or

speed. An explanation is indicated in Geopon. xv. 1. 5

I'ttttos virb Mkov ^pwdels [v.l. 57;x^et$] dyadbs iarai Kal woddoKrjs.

f Of. Horn. //. i. 125.

« So called as the place where Bellerophon first used the

spur {Kevreiv) to Pegasus. For Prosymna in Argolis cf.

Strabo 3T3, Paus. ii. 17. 1, Stat. Th. iv. 44.

347

CALLIMACHUS

Arjcb 07T0V KXvfievov re TToXvêlvoio Sa/xapra.

Et Florent s.v. KAu/xevos".

liT) fxcrpeLV axoivco YlepGihi rrjv cro(j)Lr]v,

Plutarch, De exit. 10, p. 602.

o TTpotjJirjs aypiqs dripiov ov Aeyerat.

Galen in Hippocr. De fract. iii. 51 o 'qXidios

€VT^9rjs ofxoicjs Xiyerai rrj re yXvKela /cat rep

KaXXia, yXvKeiav puev rrjv avv ovopiaôvrojv rcov

avdpojTTCjov orav dviqrai rols deolg evîqjxias

eveKa, KaXXiav he rov TriOrjKOVy cttciSt) /cat rovrov

rr)v TTpoGiqyopiav (jyvXdrrovres Xeyovcriv, wavep /cat

KaAAt/xa;ôs" o irpo (jlltj? [corr. Nauck] /crA.

Cf. Lucian, Amor. 39 el yovv airo rrjs vvKrepov

Koirrjg Trpos opdpov av tSoi ns dvicrrafievas yv-

vat/ca?, alaxi-ovs vo/xtcret drjpLOJV rdv irpcutas wpasovojxacrOrjvaL SvaKXrjBovtarwv,

Uepmr) -jj? B* eveKev TrevBos drrcoixoaaro,

Apollon. Dysc. De conjunct, p. 504. 30.

dpxopLevoL fiavLrjv o^vrdrrjv exofiev.

« Demeter. * Persephone." Clymenus : by-name of Hades especially in Hermione,

cf. Athen. 624 e.

^ Hades is iroXvd^Krrjs Horn. H. v. 9, iroXva-rjfidvTCjp iroXv-

5iyp.(i3v ib. 31, iravdoKevs Lycophr. 655, iroXijêvos Aesch. fr.

229.

348


139(478)

Where (they worship) Deo" and the spouse^ of

Cl3mflenus/ host of many guests.*^

140 (481)

Measure not wisdom by a Persian chain.*

141 (482)

The beast which is not mentioned in the early

hours.

Galen : The foolish person is called ev-qdrjs (lit. of

good character, decent, honest) in the same way that

men call the pig "sweet" by way of euphemismwhen it is sacrificed to the gods, and the ape-^

"pretty"—for the ape also people avoid calling byits own name, as CalHmachus says " The beast," etc.

Lucian : At any rate if one were to see womenwhen they rise in the morning after a night in bed,

he would think them uglier than the beasts whom it

is ill-omened to name in the early hours.

142 (485)

And the perseaf for which she foreswore her

mourning.

143 (487)

In the beginning we have keenest rage.

« The schoenus as a (Persian) measure of length wasvariously reckoned from 30 to 60 stades, cf. Strabo 804,

^ For the ape cf. Pind. P. ii. 72 koKos tol irldwv, irapa

waicrly alei /caX6s, and for einjdrjs see Thuc. iii. 83 to eijrjdes, o5

t6 yevvaTov TrXelarou /xer^x^ ' KaTayeXacrOkv r)(f>avi(r6r}.

3 Referring probably to I sis and Osiris. For persea see

fr. incert. 28 n.

349

CALLIMACHUS

Choerob. Did. in Theod. i. 15 cVciSt] Kara rov

GovKySlS-qv (ii. 8) " apxcfievoL rravre? o^vrepov avn-

Xayipdvovrai " /cat KaXXlfJuaxos 8e to avro tovto

Xiyeif " dpxofJL€VOL'* ktX.

vrjiSes ot Movcrrjs ovk iydvovro (jyiXoi,

Choerob. ibid. p. 193; Hephaest. xv.

TraZs are} rwv 8* irecov 7} Se/ca? oifK oXCyq,

Hephaest. xv.

TiKTeadai, ^povrdv 8' ovk ifiov dXXd Ato?.

Hephaest. xv. Cf. Plutarch. Mor. 54 d €V(l)vrjs

eljii TTOLTjrrjs /cat gtIxov ov <j)avX6rarov ypdcjxxjv,

ppovrdv 8' ktX.

<dT€p avXdjv>

pe^ctv /cat Gr€(f)€a)V evaSc rw Ilapiq),

Hephaest. xv.

ripivovra G7TOpifM7)v avXaKa yeiofiopov.

E.M. s.v. yeiofjiopos* Et. Flor. p. 75.

6 h^ €K AoKpcov reix'^os 'IraAt/cou

. TJKev dfJLVvrcop,

Schol. Horn. //. xxii. 56.

^ Trats dre Gaisf. ; iraiaare.

« Cf. A.P. V. 282. 4.

* Combined by Dilthey with fr. incert. 41." When Minos was sacrificing in Paros to the Charites, he

heard of the death of his son Androgeos ; he stripped off his

garland, stopped the flute, etc. Hence the Parians sacrifice

to the Graces without flutes or garlands. Apollod. iii. 210.

350

Choeroboscus: Since according to Thucydides "inthe beginning all are keener to take part" andCallimachus also says the same thing, " In the begin-

ning" etc.

144 (488)

Friends who were not ignorant of the Muse.

145 (489)

Like a child, yet the tale of her years is not small."

146 (490)

To produce, but to thunder belongs not to me butto Zeus.

Cf. Plutarch : I am a clever poet and write not

bad verse, but " to thunder " etc.''

147 (491)

The Parian is pleased to sacrifice <without flutes>

and garlands."

148 (491b)

A farmer ^ cutting the seed-furrow.

149 (493)

And he came from the Italian walled town of the

Locrians as their defender."

^ Probably Theiodamas, cf. Hymn iii. 161. G. Knaack,Hermes xxiii. (1888) p. 133, suggests that ^rerixev ended thepreceding line.

« When Odysseus came to Temesa in Bruttium, one of his

crew, Polites, was stoned to death by the inhabitants. Hisghost in the shape of an evil demon preyed upon Temesa,until Euthymus, a famous boxer, came from Locris andovercame him, Paus. vi. 6, Strabo 255, cf. Plin. N.H.vii. 152 ( = fr. 399 Schn.).

351

CALLIMACHUS

dyvov v(l)aLV€fi€vav rfjai. fJLefJurjXe TraTOS.

Melet. ap. Cram. Anecd. Ox. Hi. p. 93.

otre pvonXaves dypov aTr' dypov

(pOLTCOaLV.

Choerob. ap. Bekk. Anecd. p. 1253.

o Bpofios Upos odros Âvov^lBos.

Strabo xvii. p. 805.

tXadi fjioi (âAapm, irvXaiiidx^,

Schol. Horn. Od. iii. 380.

at/xa TO fM€V yeverjs EvâvrtSos".

£<. Flor. p. 134; cf. £.M. p. 394. 34, schol. Dion.

Thrac. p. 850. 26, etc.

vv/>K^t€ A'r]jjLO(f)6coVt dSiK€ îv€.

Herodian. De monad, p. 10. 8. Choerob. ap. Bekk.Anecd. p. 136l B.

fjucGGapa Pov9 vttoBvS'

Procl. Hesiod, Erg. 467. Tzetz. Lycophr. 817.

" Cf. Hesych. Trdros . . . ^vdvfxa rijs "Hpas,* From Strabo's account of Heliopolis in Egypt." Athena.'^ Euxantius was son of Minos and Dexithea (Apollod.

iii. 7, cf. Ait. iii. 1. 67) and father of Miletus, the eponymusof that town (schol. Apoll. Rh. i. 185).

352


150 (495)

Whose task it is to weave the sacred robe of Hera.*

151 (497)

Who in their wandering life roam from field to field.

152 (501)

This is the holy course of Anubis.^

153 (503)

Be gracious Lady '^ of the Helmet, Fighter in theGate.

154 (504)

By blood partly of the race of Euxantius.^

155 (505)

Bridegroom Demophoon, unrighteous guest.*

156 (513)

An ox under the yoke, -f

« Demophoon, son of Theseus, on his way home fromTroy married Phyllis, daughter of the Thracian KingSithon. He left his newly made bride, promising to return

to her soon, but broke his promise (Tzetz, Lycophr. 494,

Apollod. Epit. Vat. p. 221 Wagner, Ovid, Her. 2).

' Both Procl. and Tzetz. explain /xâaaâ as being al toO

^vyov yXvcpai, apparently the part of the yoke which rests onthe neck of the ox (^j'â oi avx^ves rCbv ôQv dedePTai, Tzetz.).

2 A 353

CALLIMACHUS

<TavSov> . . . oXiyrjv vrjatSa KaXvi/jovs,

Ammon. De different, p. ] 03.

yiovcricDV K€LVOs avTjp arect.

Schol. Horn. //. XX. 232.

OtAaSeA^etcuv drfievos "^a So/xcov.

El Flor. p.51;cf. Diels, i/eme* xxiii. (1888) p. 286.

OLGTrjp

avXios OS SvOllt^ etcrt /xer' rjeXtov,

Schol. A Horn. /Fxi. 62.

OS T 'IraAi^v i^pdaaO^ dpjJLOVLTjv,

Schol. Vratisl. Find. 0. xi. 13.

TTpcoKLov evhvKecjs

elSap eSojv.

Schol. Tlieocr. iv. l6.

o S' detScov MaAoes" -^XOe x^pos*

Bekk. ^werd. p. 1187.

* Referring to Ptolemy Philadelphus and Arsinoe Phil-adelphus.

* The Evening Star." Xenocritus of Locri Epizephyrii invented the " Locrian

"

musical mode {apfjLovla AoKpia-rl Trpocrayopevo/uLevr] schol. Pind.he).

354


157 (524)

(Gaudos) . . Calypso's little isle.

158 (537)

That man is heedless of the Muses.

159 (538)

I was a servant of the house of the Philadelphi.*

160 (539)

The star ^ that bids the shepherd fold^ which passes

to his setting with the sun.

161 (541)

Who devised the Italian harmony.^

162 (542)

Eagerly eating his dewy food.***

163 (543)

The choir of Apollo Maloeis ^ came singing.

^ The grasshopper was supposed to feed on dew.Theocr. iv. 16, Verg. E. v. 77.

« Maloeis (Callim. Maloes) was a by-name of Apolloin Lesbos, cf. Thuc. iii. 3 'AttoWojvos MaXdevros ^^w ttjs

TToXews eopT-q, iv rj iravdrifid lAvTiK-qvauoL eoprd^ovct.

S55

THE PHAENOMENAOF ARATUS

»

INTRODUCTION

1. The Life of Aratus

Authorities.—Suidas s.v. 'Aparos and four aucient Vitae.

(A. Westermann, Biographoi, Brunswick, 1845, p. 52 fF.)

Vita I., first published by Petrus Victorius with other

Greek commentaries on Aratus, Florence, 1567 ; then byDionysius Petavius in Uranologium, Lutet. Paris. 1630,

p. 268 ff.

This life, once supposed to be by Achilles Tatius,

author of the romance of Leucippe and Cleitophon {circ.

fourth cent, a.d.), is shown by E. Maass, Aratea, Berlin,

1892, p. 16, to be by one Achilles, a grammarian, wholived towards the end of the second or beginning of thethird cent. a.d. It is printed in Buhle ii. p. 429 ff.

;

Maass, Comment, in Arati Reliquias p. 76 ff.

Vita IL, first published by Iriarte in Catal. bibl. Matrit.

i. p. 201 from cod. Matritensis Ixi. written by Con-stantinus Lascaris in a.d. 1465. This ais., which has

also Vita IV., divides Aratus into four books (1) 1-450, (2)

451-732, (3) 733-818, (4) 819-end. Maass suspects that

this Life is the work of Sporos of Nicaea {circ. a.d. 200),

who commented on Aratus (Leont. Hepl KaTaaKevijs 'Apareias

(r(palpas' cos (pTjai Stto/jos 6 vTrofivrj/xaTLarTfis ', cf. schol. Arat.

541, 1091). It is printed in Buhle ii. p. 442 ff. ; Maass,

Comment, in Arat. Reliq. p. 323 f.

Vita III., first ed. by Ruhnken from cod. Baroccianus

in Ernesti's edition of Callimachus i. p. 590 ; then byIriarte from cod. Matritensis Ixvii. in Catal. bibl. Matrit.

p. 239. This life is also given in cod. Vindobonensis.

359

ARATUS

This, which is the best Life, is expressly attributed in

cod. Mediolan. C 263 to Theon (e^wvos 'AXe^avSp^cos yhos'Kpdrov) and Maass has shown that this ascription is

correct {Analecta Eratosth. Berlin, 1883, in Kiessling u.

Wilamowitz, Philol. Untersuch. vi.). There exists a trans-

lation of this in bad Latin (ed. Breysig, Erfurt, 1870)which occasionally fills up gaps in the Greek text. Buhleii. 444 ff.

Vita IV.J first published by Aldus Manutius, and

thenceforth the Vita usually prefixed to editions ofAratus {e.g. Buhle, Bekker). It is the most worthless ofthe Vitae. Maass, Comment, in Arat. Reliq. p. 324 ff.

There is so much similarity between the Vitae thatthey may be assumed to be all derived ultimately fromthe same original Life, possibly that of the Stoic Boethusof Sidon (aire. 150 b.c.) who wrote upon Aratus {Vita II.)

in at least four books (Geminus Isag. 14 Sdev Kal B6rj6oi 6

<f)t\6a-o<f>os iv T(^ T€TdpT({} ^i^\i(p Ti]s 'Apdrov i^r]yri<x€(as kt\.,

Cicero, De divin. i. 8. 13 " Atque his rerum praeseusio-

nibus Prognostica tua referta sunt. Quis igitur elicere

causas praesensiouum potest.'' Etsi video BoethumStoicum esse conatum, qui hactenus aliquid egit, ut

earum rationem rerum explicaret, quae in mari caelove

fierent." Gf. schol. Arat. 1091).

Aratus of Soli in Cilicia—as distinct from Soli in

Cyprus—was the son of Athenodorus and Letophila(Lenodora, Vita IV.). His family was one of some dis-

tinction in war and in other fields {Vita II.). He was anolder contemporary of Callimachus {Vita I. fi^fivrjrat yovpavTov Kal KaWl/xaxos cos irpea^vripov ov fibvov iv Toh iiriypdfi-

IxacxLv dXXct kol iv roh irpbs Ilpa^L(pdpr)v , irdvv iiraivdv avrbv ws

TroXvfiadrj Kal dpiarov iroirjTTiv ; the relation is reversed in

Vita IV. yqpaii^ 5k tQ KvprjvaL^ iTre^dXero, trap oS Kal iniypd/j.-

fiaros Tj^Libdr)), and his birth may be put about 315 b.c.

He was a pupil {aKovcrTr)s), Suidas says, of the gram-marian Menecrates of Ephesus and of the philosophersTimon and Menedemus.

Menecrates was author of an "Epya or poem on agri-

360

INTRODUCTION

culture, apparently in the manner of Hesiod {E.M. s.v.

i]d/x6s. Cf. Varro, R.R. i. 1. 9 " easdem res etiam quidamversibus, ut Hesiodus Ascraeus, Menecrates Ephesius,"and iii. 16. 18; Pliny A^.F. Ind. viii. and xi. ; and xi. § 17).

From Varro, R.R. iii. 16. 18 and the last two referencesin Pliny it appears that he was an authority upon beesand the flowers on which they fed (schol. Nicand. Alex.

172). It appears from schol. Eurip. Rhes. 529 that healso wrote on astronomy (Diels, Poet. Philos. Fr. p. 171).

We may fairly assume that it was at Ephesus and in his

earliest years that Aratus was his pupil.

Timon of Phlius (Life by Diog-. Laert. ix. 12), sceptic,

philosopher, and sillographist, lived circ 320-ct>c. 230B.C. Accidentally making the acquaintance of Pyrrho,he went to Elis and became his disciple. Afterwards hemade his living- as a peripatetic teacher in the townsabout the Hellespont and Propontis, and finally settled

in Athens—some time after 276—where he spent the rest

of his life, with the exception of a short sojourn in

Thebes.Two statements in Diog. Laert. I.e. are of interest for

Aratus: (a) § 110 ^yvibadr) (sc. TL/muv) 8^ Kal 'Avnydvif T(f

/3a<rt\et Kal tlToKe/iiaiii) rip 4>tXa5^\0oj, ws avrbs iv rots id/x^ois

avTov fxaprvpel. (b) § 113 (paal 5k KafAparov Trvdiadac avrovTrQs

TTjv 'OfjL-Tjpov irolyicnv da<pa\u}s KTrjaaiTO ; rbv 8k elireiu, Ei rots

dpxaioLs dvTLypd<pOLS ivrvyxdvoL Kal fii] toU ij8r] 8tu)pdb)/xevois.

It would not be relevant to discuss here the question

whether Timon personally visited the court of Phil-

adelphus, though some colour is given to that view bythe jesting reference by Timon to the Museum whichis preserved in Athen. i. 22 d. That Timon visited the

Macedonian Court is more generally accepted, in whichcase the conversation between Timon and Aratus will

have taken place there circ. 276 b.c, the rash emenda-tion, against which Aratus is warned, referring to the

recent edition of Zenodotus.The third teacher of Aratus mentioned by Suidas is

Menedemus of Eretria (Life by Diog. Laert. ii. 18),

founder of the Eretrian School of philosophy, who died

361

ARATUS

some time not long after 278, at the age of seventy-four

(Diog. Laert. I.e. 18). Diog. Laert. I.e. 10 says: ija-Trd^eTo

(sc. Mev^drjfios) 8^ koX"KpaTov Kal AvKdcppova rbv ttjs Tpayc{}8ia$

woLrjTTjv Kal rhv 'P65lov 'Avrayopav. This would seem clearly

to belong to the time when Aratus was studying in

Athens, to which period also would belong his acquaint-

ance with Callimachus, with the stoic philosopher Persaeus

( Fita IV. probably wrongly says Persaeus was his teacher),

with Praxiphanes the Peripatetic (Susemihl i. 144 ff. whoputs his association with Aratus and Callimachus circ.

291-287).

The Vllth Idyll of Tlieocritus, the scene of which is

laid in Cos, introduces an Aratus (98 fF.) as one apparentlyof the group of poets whose central figure was Philetas of

Cos. It has been very generally assumed that this Aratusto whom Theocritus also addresses Idyll VI. is the authorof the Phaenomena (so too the schol.). Against the identi-

fication it is pointed out (1) that the name Aratus was a

common one in Cos, occurring on coins" and in inscrip-

tions ^ of this period. (2) That in Theocritus "Aparos hasthe first syllable short, whereas "Aparos of the Phaenomenahas always in Greek the first syllable long.

Of those who accept the identification some put the

Coan sojourn of Aratus before his residence in Athens(Susemihl i. 286), others put it after (Croiset v. 225).

At some date, probably cire. 291, Aratus came to

Athens where he made the acquaintance of his somewhatyoungercontemporaryCallimachus, and with him apparentlyattended the lectures of the peripatetic philosopher Praxi-phanes, but afterwards attached himself to Zeno of Citium,founder of the Stoic School of philosophy.

At this time too he made the acquaintance, as we haveseen, of Menedemus. Zeno was on friendly terms withAntigonus Gonatas who may have become acquainted withAratus in Athens. It is likely then that it was at therequest of Antigonus himself that Aratus went to theMacedonian court along with his fellow students Persaeus

'^ Paton and Hicks, Inscriptions of Cos, pp. 309, 313, 318.* Paton and Hicks, Nos. 10 c 58 and 81.

362

INTRODUCTION

and Philoiiides soon after Antigonus became king" of all

Macedonia in 276 b.c. It has been suggested that the

occasion was the marriage of Antigonus with Phila,

daughter of Seleucus and Stratonice, and it was thenprobably that Aratus produced his Hymn to Pan in

honour of Antigonus' victory over the Celts at Lysimacheiain 277 B.C., allusion being made to the panic fear whichhad seized the enemy in that battle.

The Macedonian court was then the home of an active

literary circle.

Here Aratus wrote at the instigation of Antigonus his

Phaenomena, following the prose work of Eudoxus whichbore the same name {Vita III. twp Evdd^ov ^aLvofi^vup) or

was (Vita I.) entitled KdroTrrpoi'." This must have beenbetween 276-274, because in the latter year this literary

circle was broken up by the invasion of Pyrrhus, and it

was not till 272 that Antigonus was restored.

The legend that Aratus and Nicander of Colophon werecontemporaries and that at the request of AntigonusAratus wrote the Phaenomena, though he had no astro-

nomical attainments while he knew about medicine : that

Nicander, on the other hand, who knew astronomy, wroteby request of Antigonus the Theriaca and Alexipharmaca,

is ridiculed on chronological grounds by Vita I. and Vita

IV. It is alluded to by Cicero, De oratore i. 69, cf. G.

Knaack in Hermes xxiii. (1888), p. 313.

Upon the invasion of Pyrrhus, Aratus went to the

Court of Antiochus I. (Soter), son of Seleucus, where helived for some time and where he completed an edition

of the Odyssey of Homer. It appears that Antiochuswished him to edit the Iliad as well, but this apparently

he did not do. Subsequently Aratus returned to the

court of Aniigonus at Pella, where he died at somedate previous to the death of Antigonus (who died 240-

239 B.C.).

A monument was erected to him at Soli and his

portrait appears on coins of that town.''

« "EvoTTTpov., Hipparch. i. 2. 2.

«- Head, Hist. Num. p. 739.

363

ARATUS

2. The Mss.

1. The two oldest mss. of the Phaenomena are :

M = Marciaiius 476, containing Aratus (no life or title)

with scholia and prefaces, and Lycophron with scholia.

Tliis MS. was written for his own use by Nicetas diaconus

whom Maass identifies with the distinguished Bishop of

Serrhai (Seres) in the eleventh century. It belonged to

the library of Cardinal Bessarion and contains some anno-tations by him. Maass distinguishes a second hand(about thirteenth cent.) and a third, and lastly Bessarion

himself (fifteenth cent.). This is both the oldest andbest 3is. of Aratus and represents, in all probability, therecension of Theon of Alexandria (fourth cent, a.d.) father

of Hypatia and the last known member of the AlexandrianMuseum, a distinguished philosopher and mathematician,author of commentaries on Aratus, Euclid, and Ptolemy.Theon's choice of readings was influenced by his apologetic

tendency in favour of Aratus which led him to adopt the

conjectures of Attains of Rhodes and possibly to makeconjectures of his own with a similar purpose. Somevariants noted by Nicetas from another ms. may, as

Maass thinks, represent the text of Sporus.

V = Vaticanus 1307 (no life, title 'Apdrov ^aivbfieva sup-

plied by a later hand), containing Lycophron with scholl.

and Aratus with scholl. The similarity of writing showsthat this MS. was written about the same date as M.The two MSS. agree closely even in minutiae. Bekkerbelieved V to be the older of the two, but Maass, from a

comparison of the scholia and on the ground that Vis in general more corrupt than M, decides in favour ofM and holds that V is derived either from M or fromthe archetype of M.

2. Later mss. These, dating from the thirteenth to

the fifteenth century, are of two classes.

{a) Interpolated mss., i.e. containing the interpolatedlines of Maximus Planudes, a monk of Constantinople(fourteenth cent.). His interpolations, intended to bringAratus into conformity with the Almagest or Megale

364

INTRODUCTION

Syntaxis of Claudius Ptolemaeus (2nd cent, a.d.), consist

of 16 lines to follow Phaen. v. 480, 10 lines to follow

V. 501, 14 lines to follow V. 514 (printed in Bekker'sedition Berlin 1828).

These are : Barberinus i. 43, saec. xv. ; Bodleianusinter Baroccianos 78, saec. xv. ; Bodleianus inter Baroc-cianos 109, saec. xv. ; Laurentianus xxviii. 37, written

at Florence in 1464 by Joannes Scutariotes andonce belonging to Angelo Poliziano, the famous humanist(1454-1494) ; Vindobonensis 127 (Lambecius) 341 (Nessel).

V. Buhle ii. p. 377, Groddeck, Epist. Crit. in Arati Phaen.,etc. The Planudean recension is of no independentvalue.

(b) Non-interpolated mss.—Maass mentions (1) withscholia: Casanatensis G V 5, saec. xiv.; Vaticanus, 1910,s. xiii. vel xiv. ; Vaticanus, 1692, s. xiii. vel xiv.

;

Vaticanus 121, s. xv. ; Vaticanus 199, s. xv. ; Marcianus480, s. XV. ; Ambrosianus C 32, sup. s. xv. ; Ambro-sianus H 42, sup. s. xv. ; Parisinus 2841, s. xiii. ;

Parisinus 2726, s. xv. ; Parisinus 2403, s. xiii. vel

xiv. ; Parisinus 2842 ; written 1475 ; Butlerianus Brit.

Mus. Add. MSS. 11886, s. xv. vel xvi. ; BurneianusBrit. Mus. 63, s. xv. ; Mosquensis (scholia printed in

Buhle i. p. 269 if.).

(2) Without scholia : Laurentianus xxxi. 32, s. xv.;

Palatinus (inter Vaticanos) 137, s. xv. ; Neapolitanus bibl.

nat. ii. F 37, a. xv. ; Marcianus 465, s. xv. ; Marcianus

317, s. XV. ; Parisinus .2728, s. xv. ; Parisinus 2860, s.

XV. ; Parisinus 2843, s. xv. ; Palatinus 40, s. xiv.;

Rhedigeranus 35, s. xv.

Some of these have an independent value. Maassselects for his apparatus criticus two which he holds are

not derived from M or V, though, like these, they derive

from the recension of Theon ; Parisinus 2403 (A) andParisinus 2728 (C).

It is to be added that vv. 1-9, 10-12, 778-817, 822-891

of the Phaenomena are preserved in the Eclogae of

Joannes Stobaeus (sixth century).

SQ5

ARATUS

3. The Scholia

The Scholia imply in general the same text as theMarcianus. Mainly, no doubt, they are founded on thecommentary of Theon, but they contain also notes fromthe commentary of Sporos (schol. Arat. 541, 1001) andothers.

4. Bibliography

Editio princeps. — Aldine, Venice, October 1499 (in

Astronomi veteres, with scholl. and Latin version, alongwith the Aratea of Cicero, Germanicus, and Avienus ; theAstronomica of Firmicus and Manilius ; Prodi diadochi

Sphaera with version by T. Linacre).

This was followed by a close succession of editions of

Aratus either separately or along with kindred works(detailed account in edn. of J. T. Buhle i. xv. flf.) ; Gr.

and Lat. with preface by Phil. Melanchthon, Wittenberg,1521 ; another (?) Basel, 1523 ; Ceporinus, Basel, 1534

;

I. Mycillus, Basel, 1535 ; in Sphaera atque astrorwncoelestium ratio, natura et motus, Basel, 1536 ; with Cicero's

Aratea supplemented from Vergil, Germanicus, andAvienus, Joachim Perionius, Paris, 1540 (rep. Basel,

1540); c. scholl., Ceporini, Cologne, 1543; ap. Henr.Petri, Basel, 1547 ; ap. Guil. Morelium, Paris, 1559,

1595 ; Arati Phaen. Latinis versibus reddita a Nicolao

Aleno, Essextiano Anglo, Paris, 1561 ; H. Stephanus (in

Poet. Grace, principes heroici carminis), Paris, 1566 (a

new recension of the text, which became the vulgate).

In 1567 appeared the editio princeps of the Greek com-mentators on Aratus (Hipparchus and Achilles [Tatius]

with the scholl. and Life of Aratus), by Petrus Victorius,

Florentiae, In offic. Juntarum, Bernardi filiorum.

In 1600 Hugeianus Grotius (Huig van Groot, 1583-1645)published his Syntagma Arateorum, Opus Antiquitatis et

Astronomiae studiosis utilissimum, Ex Offic. Plantiniana,

ap. Christoph. Raphelengium, Acad. Lugd. Batav.

Typogr. In the epist. dedicatory, dated from The HagueVII. Cal. August. M.D., he refers with pardonable pride

to his youth. The Syntagma contains Aratus, Cicero's

INTRODUCTION

Aratea with the lacunae supplied in the same metreby Grotius, the Aratea of Germanicus, for which heused a ms. from the library of Jacobus Susius (Suys) ofGrysenoordt

;plates of the constellations from that ms. ;

notes on Aratus, Cicero, and Germanicus ; and Avienuswith short marginal notes. Grotius' references to mss.

are very vague—^' manuscriptus_," "alii codices," etc. ;

Buhle says he used codex Palatinus— presumablyPalatinus 40.

Aratus was included in the Poet. Gr. veteres carminis

her. scriptores of Jacob. Lectius, Aureliae Allobfogum1606 ; also in a collection of (mainly) astronomical works,Lyons, 1608. Other edd. are E. Schedius, Gustrou, 1631

;

John Fell, afterwards Bishop of Oxford, Oxford, 1672(text mainly founded on Morel) ; A. M. Bandini, Florence,

1765 (with Italian verse trans, by A. M. Salvini). Buhle'sjudgement of Bandini is worth quoting : ^^In Arati editioue

textum Grotianum cum omnibus vitiis et mendis repetiit,

ut adeo labores, de quibus conqueritur, non nisi mendaciisfingendis, quibus Florentinae ecclesiae Subdecano im-poneret, contineantur. . . . Qui tandeni factum est,

ut putidissimus homo celeberrimae Italiae bibliothecae

praeficeretur ?"

The first volume of the edition of lo. Theophilus Buhleappeared at Leipzig (Weidmann) in 1793 (the preface is

dated Gottingen, 21st Feb. 1793). The mss. on which herelies are Barberiniis, Rhedigeranus, Mosquensis, andthe Augustanus Eclogarum Stobaei for the lines quotedby the latter from Aratus. Vol. i. contains Life of Aratus(iv.); Hypothesis; the Phaen: and Diosem. with Latin

prose version facing the text and the scholia vulgata at

the foot of the page ; Leontius De Sphaer. Aratea;

'^'scholia Theonis" from cod. Mosquensis; and lastly

critical animadversions. Vol. ii. (same place and publisher)

appeared in 1801 and contains the Aratea of Cicero,

Germanicus (with scholl.), Avienus; notes on these ; ep.

crit. of G. E. Groddeck. Lives of Aratus I., II., III.

and the notice in Suidas ; with an essay on the life andwritings of Aratus and his Latin interpreters.

367

ARATUS

Editions subsequent to Buhle are : F. C. Matthia,

Frankfort-on-Maiu, 1817 ; J. H. Voss (with Germanverse trans. )^ Heidelberg, 1824; Phil. Buttmann (critical

notes), Berlin 1826 (founded on codd. Mosq., Vratislav.

Barberin. Vindob, Palatin. and Bekker's collations of

Mss. in France and Italy) ; I. Bekker, Berlin, 1828 (with

scholl.). Bekker's text is founded on Paris. Reg. 2403,Paris. Reg. 2726, Paris. Reg. 2728, Paris. Reg. 2841, Paris.

Reg. 2842, Paris. Reg. 2843, Paris. Reg. 2860, Vaticanus

1307, Vaticanus 1910, Casanatensis O. PraedicatorumMinervjtanorum J. 11. 6, Laurentianus Plut. 28 cod. 37,Marciauus 476, Marcianus 480, and Palatinus (in

Vaticano) 137 as far only as v. 67. Didot (in Foet.

DidacL), Paris, 1851. Finally E. Maass, Berlin, 1893 :

the standard critical edition.

Translations.—Besides those mentioned above, thereare translations in French by Halma, Paris, 1823 ; in

English by John Lamb, D.D., Master of Corp. Christ.

Coll. Camb., London, 1848 (rhvmed verse) ; by E. Poste,

London, 1880^.

Recent literature on Aratus includes : E. Maass,Aratea, Berlin, 1892, and Gommentariorum in AratumReliquiae, Berlin, 1898 ; E. Bethe, Aratillustrationen,

1893 «; G. Kaibel, Aratea 1894''; Wilamowitz-Moellen-dorf, Aratos von Kos, 1894 ; G. Dittmann, De HyginoArati interprete 1900 ; J. Hoepken, Vber d. Entstehungd. Phaenomena d. Eudojcus—Aratus,, 1905 ; G. Sieg, DeCicerone, Germanico, Avieno Arati interpretibus, HalisSax. 1886 ; J. Maybaum, De Gicerone et Germanico Arati

interpretibus, Rostock, 1889; G. Knaack, Wil,-Moell.,Untersuch. viii., 1886.

« Bhein. Mus. xlviii. (1893).* Hermes xxix. (1894).

368

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHAENOMENA

I.

EuDoxus of Ciiidus, on whose prose work Aratus basedhis poem, lived circa 890-337 b.c. He was a pupil ofPlato and a very distinguished mathematician. Proclusattributes to him the Fifth Book of Euclid's Elements, andamong other achievements he is said to have solved theso-called " Delian problem " « and to have determined thevolume of the pyramid and the cone by the method ofexhaustion. According to Hipparchus i. 2. 2, ''two bookson the phenomena [i.e. the starry sphere] are attributed

to Eudoxus, which, with very few exceptions, are in

almost all points concordant. One of his books is entitled

Enoptron, the other Phaenomena ; it is on the latter thatAratus bases his poem."

Hipparchus, whose three books of commentary " on thePhaenomena of Aratus and Eudoxus " we possess, belongedto Nicaea in Bithynia and lived circa 190-120 b.c. Hismost famous achievement is his discovery of the Precessionof the Equinoxes.

The poem of Aratus found many commentators, themost careful of whom, in the opinion of Hipparchus, wasAttalus of Rhodes : i^riyTja-Lv /j-h odu tQv 'Apdrov ^cLLVofiiviav

Kal dXXot irXeloves (rvvTeraxo-cnv ' eirL/xeXea-Tara d^ doKcT irdvTUjv

"ArraXos 6 Kad'' tj/jloLs /xadrj/xaTiKbs tov irepi avrCjv ireiroLriadai

\6yov (Hipp. i. 1. 3). Besides the commentary ofHipparchus we possess the Introduction of Geminus ofRhodes (first century b.c), that of Achilles {circa a.d. 200),and lastly, the work of Leontius {cii-ca a.d. 600 Q)) irepl

Karaa-Kevrjs 'Apareiov acpaipas.

« i.e. the duplication of the cube {dLirXaa-caa/uibs kv^ov).

2 B 369

ARATUS

II.

Out of many the following testhnonia may be quoted.

Hipparchus i. 1. 7 17 7<x/) tQiv TroirjiJLdTWv X'^/"^ d^toiriaTiav

Tiva Tois Xeyofi^vois TrepLTidTjaLv [cf. Pind. 0. i. 30]. Kai irdfTes

(TxeSdi' 01 rbv iron}T7]v toutov i^rjyovfjLevoi irpoaTidevTai, tols vir'

a'UTov \eyofx4vois.

Dionysius Thrax (F^7o///. p. 59 VF.): awa-yopevei de avri^

[i.e. Hipparchus] Kal Atoûo-ios iv r^J "Trept avyKpiaecos 'Apdrov

Kai 'Ofxr)pov" irepl tQu ixadrjixaTLKuiv, oairep yi (prjaiv " oi)

TidefJLev avTov iarpov elvai ypdyj/avra rds iarpiKas dvvdfieis, ov8^

IxadrjixariKov d-qaoixev ov5kv îvov eiirbvTa tCjv 'kvbbôv."

Leontius (Buhle i. 257 f-) : iffTôu 5e 6'ti to. irepl rCbv

&(TTpu}v r(p 'Apdrif eiprj/x4va ov irdvv xaXcDs dpijTai, ws eariv l/c

T€ tG)v 'iTTTrdpxv xal IlTo\€fiai({} crvvTerayixhwu irepl rovriav

liadetv. aiTiov di irpdrov fi^v, eirel Kal rd Ei)56ôu, ots ixd\i.aTa

r)Ko\o6dr]<xev 6 "Aparos, oii Xlav opdCbs eiXrjirTai, iireira 8^ 8ti Kal

ov irp6$ rb aKpi^^s, ws (f)r]ai 1,irbpos b i)iroixvqiJ.aTi(TTri$ [com-mentator]^ dWd rb xPô'i/toj' rots vavriWofi^pois ravra ovtco

Siay^ypairraL.

Cicero, De re publ. 14 :" Dicebat enim Callus sphaerae

illius alterius solidae atque plenae vetus esse inventum, et

earn a Thalete Milesio primum esse tornatam, post autemab Eudoxo Cnidio . . . eandem illam astris stellisque

quae caelo inhaererent esse descriptam ; cuius omnemornatum et descriptionem sumptam ab Eudoxo multisanuis post non astrologiae [i.e. astronomy], sed poetica

quadam facultate versibus Aratum extulisse."

Cicero, De oral. i. 15 :^' si constat inter doctos hominem

ignarum astrologiae ornatissimis atque optimis versibusAratum de caelo stellisque dixisse."

Theon, i.e. Vita III. p. 59 \V. : bdev nves . . . ISoâv /mtj

lxadi)fiaTLKbp elvai rbv "Aparov vir^Xaôv yap jxribkv erepof

tQp HvSbôv âivofxhwv iroi-qaavTa avrbv eh rb aijyypa/xfia

delvaL . . . îdôvrat 8' ov fierpiuis ' 9jv yap Kal rb eib^vai

HeracppdaaL ifjLiretpias fiadtj/xaTiKrjs ' evp-qaofxev 8k avrbv Kal

iin/J.e\4(rTepov rd irXeicrra tov EvSbôv iTnaTdixevov,

Achilles, i.e. Vita I. p. 55 W.: eynTeTevy/mevojs 8' avTip

iypdcpT] rd âivbixeva, ws irapev8oKip.r)drivaL irduras vir' ' Apdrov.Vita II. p. 57 ^V. '• dXX' 6/Aws irdvTuv Xaixirpbrepov b "Aparos

^pa\pe.

370 ^


CallimacliuSj E. xxix.

Leonidas of Tarentum (contemporary of Aratus), A. P.ix. 25 :

Vpdfifia t68' ' Kp-qTOLo darjfxovos, 6's wore XeirTTJ

(ppovridi dr]vaiods dar^pas i^pdaaro,

dirXavâs t d/x0w Kal d\rjfjt.ovas, olcriv ivapyrjs

i\\6iJ.€uos kvkXols ovpavbs evdederai.

alueladu) dk KafxCov ^pyov p.eya Kal Aibs elvuL

8evT€pos, offTLS '^driK dcTTpa (paeivbrepa,.

Meleager^ A. P. iv. 49 : da-Tpojv r tdpiv "Aparov.

Epi^r. by UroXefiaios 6 âaiXevs iu Vita I.

ndpd'' 'Hyricndva^ re Kai "Epfinnros rd Kar^ aWprjv

reipea Kal iroWol ravra rd (f)aiv6fieva

î^XoLS iyKaTidevTO, aTroaKoinot d' d^dfiapTOv,

dXXd rb XeTrroXbyov aKTjTrrpov "Aparos ^X^'--

C. Helvius Cinna (Miiller p. 87, Baehrens^ Fr. Rom.Poet. 824) :

Haec tibi Arateis multum vigilata lucernis

Carmina, quis ignes iiovimus aetherios,

Levis in aridulo malvae descripta libello

Prusiaca vexi munera navicula.

Ovid, Amor. i. 15. 6 :

'' Cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit."

Quintilian, Inst. x. 1. 55 : "A rati materia motu caret,

ut in qua nulla varietas, nullus adfectus, nulla persona,

nulla cuiusquam sit oratio ; sufRcit tamen operi cui se

parem credidit."

III.

Among Roman writers Aratus attracted much attention

and his influence upon Lucretius and Vergil need only be

mentioned. His poem was translated by Cicero in his

early youth ('' admodum adulescentulus," De nat. d. ii. 41 ;

cf. Ad Attic, ii. 1. 11 (June 60 b.c.) " prognostica mea cumoratiunculis propediem expecta" ; as Cicero was then forty-

six years of age, this would seem to imply that at first hehad translated only the Phaenomena so-called, i.e. 1-732).

371

I

ARATUS

Of his translatiou we possess some 670 lines. Some part

at least of the poem was translated by P. Terentius Varro(82-37 B.C.), surnamed Atacinus from the river Atax in

his native Gallia Narbouensis, who ^'^nomeu est adsecutus

interpresoperisalieni," Quintil. Inst. x. 1. 87 (he translated

also the Argonautica of Apoll. Rhod.). Some fragmentsare preserved by Servius on Verg. G. i. 375, 397. Wehave also some 857 lines of the translation of GermanicusCaesar (15 b.c.-a.d. 19), the nephew of Tiberius. Wepossess further the paraphrase in 1878 lines by RufusFestus Avienus (proconsul of Africa a.d. 366). TheAstronomica of Manilius (under Tiberius) also owes muchto Aratus.

IV.

After the Prooemium (1-8) Aratus mentions the Axisof the stellar sphere terminating in the^ North and SouthPoles (21-26). He now proceeds to enumerate the con-

stellations.

A. 26-318

The Northern constellations, i.e. those North of theZodiac but including the zodiacal signs themselves. Hismethod is to start with the Bears and to work Southwardto the Zodiac, tlien return to the Bears and again workSouth to the Zodiac_, proceeding round the Pole from Eastto West. Thus 1 and 2. The Bears, Ursa Minor andUrsa Major, also known as The Wains. The modernderivation of a/xa^a is d/xa + d^cov, and something of the sort

seems to be alluded to by Aratus in v. 27. 3. Draco.Hipparchus i. 4. 2 ff. objects that the leading stars in UrsaMinor are nearly parallel with the tail of Draco, so that it

is incorrect to say with Eudoxus and Aratus that UrsaMinor is in the coil of Draco ; incorrect, too, to say withAratus 47 that the Bears are on either side of the coil,

when they are really on either side of his tail. Moreinteresting is the remark of Hipparchus i. 4. 4ff. that

Aratus should have said not 7'ight temple, but left temple.He adds an important remark : ^' To say, as Attalus does,

372

that Aratus conceives the head of Draco to be turned theother way and not turned towards the inside of the sphere,is quite unplausible. For all the constellations are formedwith reference to our point of view and turned towards us_,

except when one of them is in profile (Kardypa^op). Thisis made clear by Aratus repeatedly ; for whenever hementions the right or left portion of a constellation, his

statement agrees with this assumption." Hipparchusseems to imply that Draco is not conceived in profile (as

he usually is in star-maps) and he holds that not the right

temple but the left (7 Draconis) is in a straight line withthe tongue of Draco and the end of the tail of the GreatBear. It may be noted that German. 58 and Avien. 1G2follow Aratus in saying right temple.

^ 4. Engonasin, the Phantom on his knees, who, accord-

ing to the later interpretation, represents Hercules at

the moment when he slew the Dragon which guarded theapples of the Hesperides. Hipparchus i. 4. 9 points outthat Eudoxus and Aratus are guilty ofan oversight in saying

that Engonasin has his right foot on the head of Draco(69 f.), whereas it should be his left. Attains attemptedto exculpate Aratus by reading /xiaaov 8' i<pvTr€pde Kap-qvov

de^irepoO, i.e. on the middle of the right side of Draco's

head—which Attains imagines to be turned away from us

(^^w Tov Kda/iiov). But it is shown by Hipparchus that this

assumption (see above) is contrary to the practice ofAratus. Moreover it is more an oversight (irapopafxa)

than an error {dixdpTr]iia) on the part of Aratus, as is shownby his other references to Engonasin 270 if., 612 flF., 591 &.

Hipparchus is here clearly right. Heracles has his club

in his right hand : the advanced knee must therefore be

the left. So he is described in [Eratosth.] Catast. 4and Hyginus, Astr. s.v. Engonasin, German. 68 ; but

Avienus 192 follows Aratus in sayhig right foot. It is

to be said, further, that the confusion of right and left is

not only extremely natural but is also as a matter of fact

extremely common in ancient accounts of the constella-

tions. Moreover, many mss. of Germanicus actually

represent Engonasin as Hercules with the lion's skin

373

ARATUS

over his right arm, his club in his left, the left leg bent

to the ground, the right advanced. (Boll, Sphaera,

p. 102.)

6. The (Northern) Crown, Corona Borealis, said to bethe crown of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, set among thestars by Dionysus :

" Ariadneae caelestia dona Coronae,"Manil. v. 21 ; ^'^Coronam Gnosida," Ovid, F. iii. 459.

6. Ophiuchus, Serpentarius, Anguitenens, the figure

of a man holding in his hands a serpent (Anguis, Serpens).

He was sometimes identified with Asclepius;[Eratosth.],

Cat. i. 6.

7. Scorpio, the Eighth Sign of the Zodiac.

8. The Claws of Scorpio, the Seventh Sign of the

Zodiac ; also known as Zvybs, Libra, the Balance, thesign which the Sun enters at the Autumnal Equinox.

9. Arctophylax or Bootes with his brightest star

Arcturus.

10. Virgo, the Maiden, the Sixth Sign of the Zodiac,

identified with Dike (Justice) or Astraea. In token of

rustic simplicity she carries in her hand a corn-ear

—

represented by the bright star Spica (a Virginie). Usuallythis is said to be carried in her left hand [Eratosth.] Cat.

i. 9 ; German. 95. Protrygeter, Vindemitor, a star onthe right wing of Virgo; [Eratosth.] /.c, Hygin. s.v.

Virgo. This line 188 is given by ACM, but it is nottranslated by German. 141 nor Avien. 353. The schol.

on 137 mentions protrygeter, but it is not clear whetherhe read it.

11. Gemini, the Twins, Castor and Pollux, Third Signof the Zodiac.

12. Cancer, the Crab, Fourth Sign of the Zodiac.

13. Leo, the Lion, Fifth Sign of the Zodiac.

14. Auriga, the Charioteer, including the Goat, Capella(a Aurigae) and the Kids, Haedi (77, ^ Aurigae).

15. Taurus, the Bull, the Second Sign of the Zodiac,including the Hyades.

16. Cepheus. 17. Cassiepeia. 18. Andromeda. 19.

Equus, Pegasus.20. Aries, the Ram, First Sign of the Zodiac. 21.

374


Deltoton {i.e. A-shaped) or Trigouon, Triangulum. 22.

Pisces, the Fishes, Twelfth sign of the Zodiac. 23.

Perseus. 24. Pleiades in the constellation of Taurus,here treated separately on account of their importanceas seasonal signs. 25. Lyra, the Lyre.

26. The Bird, tlie Swan (opp. to lovis ales= Aquila,Manil. i. 350).

27. Aquarius, the Water- Carrier, Eleventh Sign ofthe Zodiac.

28. Capricorn, the Goat, Tenth Sign of the Zodiac.

29. Sagittarius, the Archer, Ninth Sign of the Zodiac.

30. Sagitta, the Arrow. 31. Aquila, the Eagle. 32.

Delphinus, the Dolphin.

This ends the Northern constellations : Haec suntAquilonia signa (Manil. i. 379).

B

CoNSTELIxATIONS SoUTH OF THE EcLIPTIC

1. Orion. 2. Canis Major, the Dog, including Sirius

(a Canis Majoris). 3. Lepus, the Hare. 4. Argo. 5.

Cetus, the Whale. 6. Eridanus, the River. 7- Piscis

Australis, the Southern Fish. 8. Hydor, Water. 9.

Ara, the Altar. 10. Centaurus, the Centaur, often con-

fused with the other Centaur, Sagittarius. 11. Therium,Bestia, the Wolf. 12. Hydra. 13. Crater, the Cup.14. Corvus, the Raven. 15. Procyon.

This ends the Fixed Stars.

C

Next Aratus refers to the Five Planets which hedeclines to discuss. He does not name them but hemeans, of course, Saturn or Cronus, Jupiter or Zeus,

Mars or Ares, Venus or Aphrodite, Mercury or Hermes.

375

ARATUS

DAratus next describes the Circles of the Celestial

Sphere (454-461).1. Gala^ the Galaxy or Milky Way^ a Great Circle of

the Celestial Sphere.2. The Tropic of Cancer, an imaginary circle 23|^°

North of the Equator, marking the extreme Northernlimit of the Sun's annual path.

3. The Tropic of Capricorn, an imaginary circle 28^°

South of the Equator, marking the extreme Southernlimit of the Sun's annual path.

4. The Equator, a Great Circle of the Celestial Sphere,its plane being perpendicular to the axis of tlie Celestial

Sphere. It is called la-qfxepivbs kOkXos, or the Equinoctial,

because when the Ecliptic or annual path of the Sun cuts

it (1) when the Sun enters Aries (circa March 21), andagain (2) when the Sun enters Libra (circa September 23),

day and night are equal all over the globe.

5. The Zodiac, used sometimes generally in the senseof the Ecliptic, a Great Circle of the Celestial Sphere,representing the apparent annual path of the Sun amongthe stars. The plane of the Ecliptic is inclined to the planeof the Equator at an angle of (roughly) 23^°. This so-

called '^ obliquity of the Ecliptic" is what causes variation

in the length of day and night at different seasons and in

different latitudes. When the Zodiac is used more strictly,

it means the belt of sky extending some 6 to 12 degreeson either side of the Ecliptic and comprehending theso-called zodiacal signs or constellations. In the Ecliptic

lie the apparent paths of the Sun, Moon, and chief planets,

and it gets its name from the fact that the Moon must bein or near the plane of the Ecliptic when an eclipse takesplace.

E. 559-732

Aratus next deals with the (rvvavaroKal and avTLKarabiaeis

of the constellations, i.e. what stars rise with a givenzodiacal sign or set when the zodiacal sign is rising. Theorder in which he enumerates the signs of the Zodiac is

376

r


from the Summer Solstice onward : Cancer, Leo, Virgo,Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces,

Aries, Taurus, Gemini.Since in modern editions of the Classics statements

about the rising and setting of stars are notoriouslyuntrustworthy, it seems desirable to explain what exactlyis meant by the rising and setting of a star. The early

Greek writers on the matter distinguish the real orimperceptible rising and setting from the apparent or

perceptible rising and setting. We thus have : (A) RealRisings and Settings. (1) The true Cosmical Rising, i.e.

Star and Sun rise together (the star, though above thehorizon, being invisible on account of its proximity to the

Sun). (2) The true Cosmical Setting, i.e. the Star sets

as the Sun rises (the star again being invisible becausebefore it actually reaches the W. horizon it is obscured bythe light of the rising Sun). (3) The true AcronychalRising, i.e. the Star rises as the Sun sets (again the star

is invisible as it emerges from the E. horizon because thelight of the departed Sun still illuminates the sky). (4)The true Acronychal Setting, i.e. Star and Sun set

together (the Star being therefore invisible).

But corresponding to these^e have : (B) The Perceptible

Risings and Settings which are of more practical im-

portance. And these are : (1) The Heliacal rising, i.e.

the first visible appearance of a star on the E. horizon

before sunrise. The star is just sufficiently in advance of

the Sun to be visible for a moment. (2) The Heliacal

Setting, i.e. the last visible setting of a star in the evening(next night it will have reached the West while there is

still too much light for it to be seen). (3) The (apparent)

Acronychal Rising, i.e. the last visible rising of a star in

the evening (next night it will have risen while there is

still too much light for its emergence above the E. horizon

to be seen). (4) The (apparent) Cosmical Setting, i.e. the

first visible setting of a star in the morning (the previous

night it does not quite succeed in reaching the Westbefore sunrise ; every morning thereafter the interval

between its setting and sunrise increases).

377

ARATUS

The Rising of a Star normally means its Heliacal

Rising ; the Setting of a Star its Cosmical Setting.

Hipparchus ii. 1. 1 if. remarks that Aratus in treating

the signs of the Zodiac is concerned with the actual

constellations, not with the ideal divisions of the Zodiac,

and is therefore hound to be relatively inaccurate, since

those constellations are sometimes less, sometimes larger

than the twelfth part (dcoSeKaTrj/jidpiov) which they are

supposed to occupy. Some of them, moreover, do not lie

wholly in the Zodiac but considerably North of it, e.g. Leoand the more northerly of the two Fishes. He notesfurther (ii. 1. 15) that Aratus in his division of the Zodiacbegins with the solstitial and equinoctial points, and so

makes those points the beginnings of the signs, whileEudoxus makes those points the middle of the signs, the

solstices occurring in the middle of Cancer and Capricorn,

the equinoxes in the middle of Aries and Libra.

The Weather Signs, it is now generally agreed, are anintegral part of the poem. ^The separate title given bysome grammarian to this part of the poem is Aioarjfxiai or

Aio(xr]fji,€iaij not AioaTjfieia. For bioa-qixla in the sense of

some significant phenomenon of the weather cf. Aristoph.

Ach. 1 70 f. Xe7a; 5' vfuv on\Sioarjfjiia Vrt Kai pavls §^^\t)k^

fJie, Plut. Mor. 419 E <rvyxi>a-i.v fieyakrjv irepi rbv Mpa Kal

dLoa-rjfiias TroXXds yevia-dai, Poll. viii. 124 aviffTaro 8k raSiKaar-qpia ei yivoiro dioarjfiia ' i^rjyrjTai 5k eKoXovvro oi rairepl rdv diocrrj/xiCov Kal to, tCjv &X\u}v lepCov diSdaKovTes. Cf.

Suid. s.v. dio<rr]fxla and Diodor. v. 40, speaking of theEtruscans : ypd/nfiaTa dk Kal (f)vaio\oyiav /cat deoXoylav eêirb-

vrjcav eirl irXiov, Kal rd irepl ttjv KepavvoaKoiriav /j.dXi.<yTa irdvTwvdvdpd}ir(av eêipydaavTo ' 8l6 Kal IJ.^XP'- "^^^ ^^^ xp^j'Wf ot ttjs

oiKovfjLivTjs crx^Sbv 8\r]s ijyovfxevoL davfidôval re tovs dvdpas Kal

Kara rds ev roh Kepauvois dLoarj/J-ia^ tovtois i^rjyrjTais XP'^'^'''^'-

A vexed question is the relation of the Weather Signsto the little work Uepl arjfieiwv which passes under thename of Theophrastus. On the one hand Maass (Introd.

378

i


to his editioii_, p. xxv) thinks that both are based upon anoriginal written in Ionic. On the other hand Kaibel{" Aratea " in Hermes xxix. (1894)) is of opinion that theTi-epl a-rjfMelojv was written after the publication of the poem ofAratus and that the work shows indications of disarrange-

ment due to subsequent additions from Aratus and othersources. As these additions agree in style and languagewith the rest of the work Kaibel holds that they weremade by the author himself.

The details of the Metonic Cycle referred to in 752 if.

cannot be discussed here_, but a few words must be said.

The problem is to find a cycle which will contain a wholenumber of solar years and at the same time a wholenumber of synodical months. Meton found that 235lunations amount practically to nineteen solar years. Hetherefore made a Cycle of 6940 days_, made up of nineteenyears with seven intercalated months. The chief relevant

texts are Theophr. Uepl atjix. 4, Diod. xii. 36, Geminus37 D (Petav. ). The words of Aratus 754 ff. have been the

subject of much controversy. They appear to refer to theMetonic Calendar as distinguished from the MetonicCycle. , In his Parapegmn'* ov Calendar the first phenomenonseems to have been the rise of Orion's Belt, then the rest

of Orion, up to his foot ; then Sirius ; and all the other

stars, whether governing terrestrial things mainly (the

stars of Zeus) or mainly nautical affairs (the stars of

Poseidon). But Ideler i. 327 thinks the reference is to

the first and last phenomena recorded in the MetonicCalendar. E. Muller supposed the Belt of Orion to

denote the beginning, while Sirius denoted the end of the

stellar year.

" It was usual for early astronomers to "fix up," irapa-

TTTjyvvpai, their calendars on pillars in a public place (Aelian,

V.H. x. 7) ; hence TrapdTr-rjyiJ.a, ajiche, comes to mean"calendar." Meton's calendar appears to have begun with13th Scirophorion (27th June), 432 b.c, his first New MoonfaUing on 16th July.'

379

APATOT 4>AIN0MBNA'Efc Ato? a/ox^/x€crâ, rov ovhiiror dvSpes icofiev

dppr)Tov' fiecrral Se Atos" Trdaai fiev dyviaC,

irdaai 8* dv9pa)7TOJV dyopai, pLearr] 8e ddXaaaa/cat Xipiives' Trdyrr] Se Atos" K€XP'r)pi^6a irdyres.

rod yap /cat yevos elpiiv 6 8' tJttlos dvOpcvTroLGiv 5

Seftd G7]p,aLV€L, Xaovs 8' em epyov eyeLpei,

pbipivriaKOiV ^LOTOLO, XeyeL 8' ore ^coXos dpLcrrr)

PovGL re /cat pbaKeXrjai, Aeyet 8' ore 8e^tat co/aat

/cat <ûra yvpcoaai /cat (jTrippbara rrdvra âXeadai.

avros ydp rd ye OTJjLtar* eV ovpavco iarijpLêy, 10

darpa BiaKplvas, eV/cei/raro 8' ets" eVtaurov

dorepas" ot /ce /xaAtara reruy/xeVa ay]p,aivoiev

dvhpdaiv (hpdcoVy 6(f)p*epuireSa Trdvra t^vcovrai.

Tco pLLV del TTpcjTov r€ /cat vararov IXdoKOvrai.

;ât/3e, Trdrep, /xeya Oavpia, p,€y* dvOpojiroiaiv oveiap, 15

awro? /cat Trporeprj yeverj. xalpoire Se Mouoat/xetAt;^tat /xaAa Trdaai' ipLOL ye )Ltev dorrepas eiTrelv

fjdip.LS €VXopL€va) r€Kp,i]paT€ Trdaav doLSijv.

Ot jLtet' o/xc5s" TToXees re /cat aAAu8ts' d'AAot covres-^

^ t'6;'Tes codd. recc. , c/. schol.

" Cicero, De legg. ii. 3 "Ab love Musarum primordiasieut in Aratio carmine orsi siimus "

; Germ. Arat. If." Ablove principimn magno deduxit Aratus Carminis"; Avien,Arat. 1 "Carminis inceptor mihi luppiter."

^ N.T. Acts xvii. 28. ^ Qcero ap. Priscian. x. 11.

380

ARATUS : PHAENOMENA

From Zeus let us begin ; ^ him do we mortals neverleave unnamed ; full of Zeus are all the streets andall the market-places of men ; full is the sea and thehavens thereof; always we all have need of Zeus.

For we are also his offspring ;^ and he in his kindness

unto men giveth favourable signs and wakeneth the

people to work, reminding them of livelihood. Hetells what time the soil is best for the labour of the

ox and for the mattock, and what time the seasons

are favourable both for the planting of trees and for

casting all manner of seeds. For himself it was whoset the signs in heaven/ and marked out the con-

stellations, and for the year devised what stars

chiefly should give to men right signs of the seasons,

to the end that all things might grow unfailingly.

Wherefore him do men ever worship first and last.

Hail, O Father, mighty marvel, mighty blessing

unto men. Hail to thee and to the Elder Race ^

!

Hail, ye Muses, right kindly, every one ! But for

me, too, in answer to my prayer direct all my lay,

even as is meet, to tell the stars.

They,* all alike, many though they be and other

^ The Elder or Earlier Race is variously interpreted in

the scholia as (1) = Zeus (^Trei avTh% d /cat t] irporipa yeve-fj) ; (2)=Titans; (3)= the brothers of Zeus; (4)= the earlier astro-

nomers ; (5) = the heroes. * Cicero, De nat. d. ii. 41.

381

ARATUS

ovpavcp eXKovrac Tvavr jj/jiaTa avv^X'^S ater 20

avTOLp 6 y' ovh^ oXiyov fJL€ravLaa€TaL,dXXa fxaX avrojs

d^cov alev dprjpev, exî S' drdXavrov dTrdvrrj

pLeoGT^yvg yaXav, irepl 8' ovpavov ^ avrov dyiveZ.

Kai fJLLV TT€ipaivovGi hvoj TToXoL djjLcfyoTepajdev'

dAA' o fjiev ovK eTTiOTTTOS, 6 8' dvrio? e/c ôpeao 25

vijjoOev wKeavoiO' Svo) Si fxiv a/x^ts" exovaat

APKTOI dfia Tpoxoojui, TO 8rj KaXeovrai 'amaeai.

at 8' '^roL Ke<j)aXds fJLev eir* l^vas dlkv exovatv

dXXrjXcov, alel 8e KaTcofJid8i,aL ôpeovrat,

e/jLTraXiv €tV CLtpuovg rerpa/x/xeVat. el ireov S'q, 30

Kp-qrrjdev Kelvai ye Ato? fxeyaXov l6rr]TL

ovpavov elGave^TjO'av, 6 fjbiv rore Kovplôvra

Alkto) iv evcvSeL, opeos ax^Sov *I8atoto,

dvrpo) iyKaredevro /cat €Tp€(f)ov elg iviavrov.

At/era tot K.ovprjT€? ore J^povov iipevSovro. 36

/cat TTjv fiev KTN020TPAN iTTiKXiqGLV KaXiovGiv,

TTjv 8' irep7]v 'eaikhn. *EAt/c7^ ye pikv dvSpes

Âxaiol

€LV dXl reKjjLaipovrai tva XP^ vrjas dyivecv,

rfj 8' apa OotVt/ces' ttLgwoi nepocoai ddXaaaav.

aAA' Tj fjL€V KadapT) /cat iiTKJipdcrGaodai iroifjir] 40

ttoXXy] (f)aiVo/ji€vr] 'EAt/CTy irpojriqs diro vvktos'

rj 8' ireprj oXiyt) [Jiev, drdp vavrrjGiv dpeicov

fieLorepri yap Trdaa 'TrepiaTpeêraL GrpocjidXiyyi'

rfj /cat St8ovtot Wvvrara vavriXXovraL.

^ ovpavov M ; ovpavbs AC.

" Ocean here= horizon, as usual in Aratus.^ The Greater and the Lesser Bear," Cic. De nat. d. ii. 41. The translation of ^/xttoKiv ktX.

is too disputed to be discussed here.^ Dicton, apparently a by-form of the usual Dicte. It is,

of course, not near Ida, as Strabo points out : Kai yap rj

382

PHAENOMENA

star in other path^ are drawn across the heavensalways through all tmie continually. But the Axisshifts not a whit^ but unchanging is for ever fixed,

and in the midst it holds the earth in equipoise, andwheels the heaven itself around.

On either side the Axis ends in two Poles, but

thereof the one is not seen, whereas the other faces

us in the north high above the ocean.** Encompass-ing it two Bears* wheel together—wherefore they are

also called the Wains. Now they ever hold their

heads each toward the flank of the other, and are

borne along always shoulder-wise, turned alternate

on their shoulders." If, indeed, the tale be true, fromCrete they by the will of mighty Zeus entered upinto heaven, for that when in olden days he played as a

child in fragrant Dicton,"* near the hill of Ida, they set

him in a cave and nurtured him for the space of a

year, what time the Dictaean Curetes were deceiving

Cronus. Now the one men call by name Cynosura andthe other Helice. It is by Helice that the Achaeanson the sea diviiie which way to steer their ships, but in

the other the Phoenicians put their trust when theycross the sea.* But Helice,-'' appearing large at

earliest night, is bright and easy to mark ; but the

other is small, yet better for sailors : for in a smaller

orbit wheel all her stars. By her guidance, then,

the men of Sidon ^ steer the straightest course.

AiKTT] Tr\r]aiov (r^s Updcrov), ovx ws "Aparos " 6p€os (r%e56v

'ISaioio." /cat yap xiXioiis i) AiKTr] Ti}s''187]s dTr^^et (Strabo 478).

Zenodotus of Mallos understood SLktov aiS=:diKra/jt.vov, theplant " dittany," hence the epithet " fragrant" (schoL).

* Ovid, Trist. iv. 3. 1-2 "Magna minorque ferae, quarumregis altera Graias, Altera Sidonias, utraque sicca, rates."

Cf. Cic. De nat. d.\n. 42.f The Great Bear (Ursa Major). ^ The Phoenicians.

383

ARATUS

Ta? Se St' aii(j)OT€pas ol-q TTora/JLOLO airoppco^ 46

elXeirai fieya davjJLa, APAKHN, Trepc r' a/x^t r'

ixvpios' at §' ct/oa ot GTrelprjs eKarepde îpovrai

"ApKTOL, Kvaveov TTe^vXayixivai (JjKeavoio.

aurap o y dXXrjv /xev vcdrrj eVtretVerat ovpfj,

dXXrjV 8e G7T€Lprj Treptre/xverat. ly /xeV ot aKpr] 60

OU/3T7 Trap K€<f)aX7]V 'KXlktjs aTTOTrauerat "Ap/croi;*

a7T€iprj S* €V Kwoaoupa /capTy ^X^^' ''^ ^^ '^^'^' avrrjv

eiAetrat /ceâAi^v /cat ot ttoSos" epx^Tai dxpis,

€K S' avTL? TraXivopaos dvarpex^L. ov jnev eKeivrj

oloOev ovS* oto£ KeâXfj eTrtAa/XTTcrat OLGT'qp, 55

aAAa 8uo Kpord<f)ots, Svo S' ofifxaonv' efs" S* vtt-

icrxaTLTjv eirex^f^ yivvos Setvoto ireXo)pov.

Xoôv S* eorrt KapT], vevovri 8e TrdpLirav €olk€V

aKprjv els 'EAtACTys" ovpijv fxdXa S' ccrrt /car* tû

/cat (TTo/xa /cat Kpordcfjoto rd Seîd veidrco ovpfj. qqK€LV7] 7TOV K€(j)aXrj TTJ vl<jcr€TaL, '^x^ '^^P dKpai

filayovrai Svaceg re /cat ap'roAat dAATÂTycrtv.

Tt^S' avrov {JLoyeovn KvXivherai dvhpl Iolkos

e'ihcjXov. TO fiev ovtls CTrtWarat djxcjiaôv etVetv,

i<» Draco.^ i.e. never set for Northern latitudes." Cynosura (Ursa Minor).^ Hipparchus says it should be left temple.* Cic. De nat. d. ii. 42 " Et reliquum quidem corpus

Draconis totis noctibus cernimus :' Hoc caput hie paulum

sese subito aequore condit, Ortus ubi atque obitus partemadmiscetur in unam.' " At latitude x° a star x° from Polewould just touch the horizon at its lowest point. The head ofDraco lies between 33° and 39" from the Pole (34f°-37°,Hipparch. i. 4. 8), and hence about lat. 37° it would justtouch the horizon at its lowest point, i.e. it lies within the

384

PHAENOMENA

Between them, as it were the branch of a river,

circles in wondrous way the Dragon,* winding infinite

around and about ; on either side of his coil are bornealong the Bears, that shun evermore the blue sea.^

Now towards the one he stretches the end of his

tail, but with the coil he intercepts the Lesser Bear.*'

The tip of his tail ends by the head of H el ice, butin the coil Cynosura has her head. For his coil

circles past her very head and comes near her feet,

but again, turning back, runs upward. Not one lone

star shines on his head, but on his brows are twostars lit, and two in his eyes, and one beneath is set

upon the chin-point of the dread monster. Aslant

is his head, and he seems most like as if he werenodding to the tip of the tail of Helice ; his mouthand right ^ temple straight confront the end of her

tail. That head wheels near where the limits of

setting and rising blend.*

Right there in its orbit wheels a Phantom form,/

like to a man that strives at a task. That sign no

circle of perpetual visibility (6 del (pavepbs kvkXos) ; cf.

Hipparch. I.e., who refutes Attalus who said it lay some-what south of this. In other words, a star so situated that

it rises nearly due North will set nearly due North, and theinterval between setting and rising will be very short

:

setting and rising blend ; cf. Scotfs Last Expedition (Smith,

Elder & Co., 1913), chap. ix. April 23, "The long mildtwilight which like a silver clasp unites to-day withyesterday ; when morning and evening sit together hand in

hand beneath the starless sky of midnight." Homer'sremarks upon the Laestrygones, Od. x. 82 fF., especially

iyyvs yap vvkt6s re Kal ijfiaTOi elcn K^Xevdoi, point, as Crates

rightly saw (schol. Arat. 62), to a people of the Far North./ Cicero, De nat. d. ii. 42 "Id autem caput [sc. Draconis]

'Attingens defessa velut maerentis imago Vertitur' quamquidem Graeci ' Engonasin vocitant, genibus quia nixa

feratur.'" See 270 n. and Introd. p. 373.

2 c 385

ARATUS

ovS^ OTLVL KpefJiarai kclvos ttovco, aAAa }jliv avrcDS 65

ErrONASiN KaXiovGi. to S* avr iv yovvaat Kafxvov

oKXdôvTi eoLK€V' a/n aix<j)OTep(x>v Se ol wfiajv

X€tp€s aeipovrai' rdvvrai ye fxev dXXvSig dXXrj

OGGOV is opyviriv /xecrcra) S* icfiVirepSe kapii^va)

heîrepov irohos aKpov e;\;e6 gkoXioio ApaKovrog. 70

AvTOV KOLKelvos 2TE*AN05, Tov dyavos edrjKev

crrjiJb efJLevai Alovvgos diroixoixeviqs ÂpudSvrjs,

VCOTO) VTTOaTpi(j)€Tai K€KfJi7]6TOS EtSojAotO.

NcoTOJ fiev YiTe(j)avos ireXdei, K€(j)aXfj ye jxev aKprj

OKeTTreo Trap Ke(j)aXrjV *0(f)Lovxôv, eK 8' dp' eKeivrjs 75

avTOV evi^pduGaio (fyaeuvopievov o*lOTXON-

TOLOL OL KeâXfi VTTOKeipievoi dyXaol co/xot

etSovraf KeZvoL ye /cat dv hLxofxrjVL GeXrjvr)

claojTTol reXedoiev drdp X^P^^ ^^ fidXa taai'

XeTTTT] yap /cat rfj /cat rfj eTriSeSpopiev alyXiq. 80

aAA' efJLTTTjs /ca/cetiât eiroifjiai' ov yap eXa^pai'

dfjucfyorepai 8' "O^tos" TTeTTOvrjarai, 6s pd re fjueaaov

Stveuet Ô^LOvxov 6 8' efxpieves ev eTraprjpdjs

TTOGGLV eTTidXiPei jxeya OrjpLOV dfjb(f)orepoiULV,

SKOPniON, o(f)daXfJia) re /cat ev 9a)pr]KL peîqKCJS 85

opdos. drdp ol 0*15 ye Svo) arpe(j)erat fjLerd ;ê/)o-tV,

Se^Lrepfj oXlyos, GKaifj ye fiev vi/jodt ttoAAos".

<» Engonasin, Ingeniculus : later supposed to be Heraclesat the moment when he slew the dragon (Draco) whichguarded the apples of the Hesperides (Avien, 169 ff.); also

called Gnyx, i.e. On his knees A. 591, 615 ; or Eidolon, hereand 64. By Roman poets called Nixus, Effigies, Imago.

Of. Avien. 631, Germ. 271.* Hipparchus in Arat. et Eudox. Phaen. i. 2. 6 points out

that both Eudoxus and Aratus say " right foot," whereas it

should be " left foot."" Corona Borealis. Cic. I.e. " Hie ilia eximio posita est

fulgore Corona."

386

PHAENOMENA

man knows how to read clearly^ nor on what task heis bent, but men simply call him On His Knees. **

Now that Phantom, that toils on his knees, seems to

sit on bended knee, and from both his shoulders his

hands are upraised and stretch, one this way, one that,

a fathom's length. Over the middle of the head ofthe crooked Dragon, he has the tip of his right foot.^

Here too that Crown," which glorious Dionysusset to be memorial of the dead Ariadne, wheelsbeneath the back of the toil-spent Phantom.

To the Phantom's back the Crown is near, but byhis head mark near at hand the head of Ophiuchus,**

and then from it you can trace the starlit Ophiuchushimself: so brightly set beneath his head appearhis gleaming shoulders. They would be clear to

mark even at the midmonth moon, but his hands are

not at all so bright ; for faint runs the gleam of stars

along on this side and on that. Yet they too can beseen, for they are not feeble. Both firmly clutch

the Serpent,* which encircles the waist of Ophiuchus,but he, stedfast with both his feet well set, tramplesa huge monster, even the Scorpion,/ standing upright

on his eye and breast. Now the Serpent is wreathedabout his two hands—a little above his right hand,but in many folds high above his left.

^ Cic. Z.c, "Atque haec quidem a tergo, propter caputautem Anguitenens, ' Quem claro perhibent Ophiuchumnomine Graii. Hie pressu duplici palmarum continet An-guem, Atque eius ipse manet religatus corpore torto ; Nam-que virum medium serpens sub pectora cingit. Ille tamennitens graviter vestigia ponit Atque oculos urguet pedibuspectusque Nepai [ = Scorpio]. '

" Cic. ap. Priscian. xiv. 52" Huic supera duplices humeros afl&xa videtur Stella micanstali specie talique nitore.

"

* Serpens. ' Scorpio.

387

ARATUS

Kat Srj OL ILrecjidvco TrapaKeKXirat aKpa yeveia,

veioOi Se GTTeiprjs jjceydXas CTn/xatco XHAA2.

dAA* at fi€V (jyaeojv iinSeveeg, ovBev dyavai. 90

'EÔTTtêv 8' 'EAt/CTys" (jiiperai iXdovri ioiKcbs

APKTO*TAAE, TOV p dvSp€£ eTTLKXeLOVGL BOHTHN,

ovv€X djjbaâirjg eVa^co/xevos' etSerai "ApKTOv.

KOI fidXa TTds dptSrjXos' vtto ^covrj Se ol avros

ef dXXojv APKT0TP02 iXiaaerai dpL(j>ab6v dorrip. 95

'A/xôrepotcrt Se ttogoIv vtto gketttolo BodSreco

nAP0ENON, '^ p iv X^P^'' 4*^P^^ Urdxov alyXijevTa.

€iT ovv Âorpaiov Keivr) yevog, 6v pd re (f)a(nv

daTpwv dpxcuov Trarip epLfxcvat, eire rev dXXov,

evKTjXos (j)Op€OLTO' Xoyos ye fxev evrpexî ctAAo? loO

dvdpcjTTOis y d)S 8rjdev eTTLxOovLT] irdpos rjev,

rjpx^TO S' dvdpcoTTiov Karevavrir], ovSe ttot' dvSpcov

ovSe TTOT* apxcLic^v rjvijvaro (J)vXa yvvatKaJv,

oAA' dvapl^ eKdd7]TO, /cat ddavdrr] irep iovaa.

Kat e Alktjv KaXeeaKov dyeipojxevr] 8e yepovTas, 105

ije TTOV elv dyopfj ^ evpvxopo) iv dyviij,

SrjiJLorepag 'qecSev eTTLGTrepxovora difxicTTas.

OVTTCJ XevyaXeov rore veiKeos rjTTLGravro

OvSe SiaKpLGLOS 7ToXviJLepL(f)€OS OvSe KySoifJiOV,

avTOJS S' eôjov ;\;aAe777) 8' aTre/cetro ddXauGa, 110

/cat j8tov OV7TCO vrjes dTTorrpodev rjytveGKoVy

aXXd j8o€S" /cat dporpa /cat avri], TTorvia Xacov,

fivpia Trdvra Trapelx^ Alkt], Scoreipa 8t/cat60v.

Tocjip' rjv, 6(j)p' en yaXa yevos XP^^^^^^ e(f)eppev.

dpyvpeo) 8' oXty-q re /cat ovKeri irdfJiTTav eroijxr) -^ 116

^ bixoit) A.« Scorpion's Claws or Libra.^ Bootes. Cic. I.e. " Septentriones autem sequitur ' Arcto-

phylax, vulgo qui dicitur esse Bootes, Quod quasi temoniadiunctam prae se quatit Arctum.' Dein quae sequuntur.

388

PHAENOMENA

Toward the Crown leans the Serpent's jaw, butbeneath his coiling form seek thou for the mightyClaws "

; they are scant of light and nowise brilliant.

Behind Helice, like to one that drives, is bornealong Arctophylax whom men also call Bootes,^ since

he seems to lay hand on the wain-like Bear. Verybright is he all ; but beneath his belt wheels a star,

bright beyond the others, Arcturus himselfBeneath both feet of Bootes mark the Maiden,*'

who in her hands bears the gleaming Ear of Corn.^

Whether she be daughter of Astraeus, who, men say,

was of old the father of the stars, or child of other

sire, untroubled be her course ! But another tale is

current among men, how of old she dwelt on earth

and met men face to face, nor ever disdained in

olden time the tribes of men and women, but minglingwith them took her seat, immortal though she was.

Her men called Justice ; but she assembling theelders, it might be in the market-place or in the

wide-wayed streets, uttered her voice, ever urging

on them judgements kinder to the people. Not yet

in that age had men knowledge of hateful strife, or

carping contention, or din of battle, but a simple life

they lived. Far from them was the cruel sea andnot yet from afar did ships bring their livelihood, but

the oxen and the plough and Justice herself, queenof the peoples, giver of things just, abundantlysupplied their every need. Even so long as the

earth still nurtured the Golden Race, she had her

dwelling on earth. But with the Silver Race only

Huic enim Booti ' subter praecordia fixa videtur Stella micansradiis, Arcturus nomine claro.'

"

<= Virgo. Cie. Z.c. " cuius [Arcturi] pedibus subiecta fertur' Spicum inlustre tenens splendenti corpore Virgo.'

"

<* Spica.

389

ARATUS

(LjJLiXeiy TTodiovoa TraAatcov -^'êa Xacjv.

dAA' ejjLTTrjs €TL Keivo Kar apyvpeov yivos rjev

tJpx^to S' i^ opecov vrroSeUXo^ rj-xrêvrajv

fjLOVvd^, ovSe reo) iTrefiLGyero pl^lXixôkjlv

aAA' OTTOT dvdpcoTTCOV /JueydXas TrXâaLTO KoXa)vaSy 120

rjTTelXeL Srj eVetra KadaTrrofjuevT] KaKorrjroSy

ouS' €t' €cf)r] elGCjTTOs iXevueadaL KaXeovauv" otrjv ;Ypvo'€tot iraripes yeverjv iXiirovro

X^Lporeprjv vfjuels Be KaKOjrepa reêUaOe.

/cat Sij 7TOV TToXepioiy Kal Stj /cat dvdpaiov atp,a 125

eaGcrai dvdpcoTroLcrL, /ca/cov 8' CTrt/cetCTerat aAyos"."

COS" etTTOva opecov CTre/xatcro, rows' S' apa Aaou?

ets" avTTjV ert irdvrag iXifJUTave TTaTTTaivovras

.

dXX ore St] /cd/cetvot ereOvaaav, ol 8' iyevovro,

XaXKeiT] yeverj, Trporepcuv oXocorepoi dvhpes, 130

ot TTpchroL KaKoepyov exaXKevaavro pidxciLpav

elvoBiqVy TrpcoroL 8e ôcbv eTrdaavr dpoT'qpcov,

/cat rore fiLGijcraaa Alkt] Kelvcov yevos dvSpcjv

enrad^ VTrovpavlr]' ravrrjv 8' dpa vdacraro p^copT^v,

rjxi' TTep evvvxiy] ^n âtVerat dvOpwiroLUiv 135

YlapdevoSy eyyvs eovcra TToXvuKeTrroio Bocorco).

TtJs" VTTep diJb<j)orepojv a>p.cov etAtcro-erat darrjp

[Se^trepfj TTrepvyi- npoTPrrHTHP 8' avre /caAetrat-]^

Tocroros" /xev fxeyedety tolt] 8* eyKeifxevos atyXr],

OLog /cat fJbeydXrjs ovprjv V7TO<j>aiveTaL "ApKTOV. 140

8eti^T) ydp KeivT], 8etvot 8e ot eyyvdev eiGiV

dcrrepeg' ovk dv rovg ye IScbv CTrtrc/c/xT^pato

^ ACM ; but not translated by Germ, or Avienus.

<• Cic. De nat. d. ii. 63 " Quibus [bubus], cum terraesubigerentur fissione glebarum, ab illo aureo genere, utpoetae loquuntur, vis nulla unquam adferebatur. ' Ferreatum vero proles exorta repente est Ausaque funestum prima

390

PHAENOMENA

a little and no longer with utter readiness did she

mingle, for that she yearned for the ways of the

men of old. Yet in that Silver Age was she still

upon the earth ; but from the echoing hills at even-

tide she came alone, nor spake to any man in gentle

words. But when she had filled the great heights

with gathering crowds, then would she with threats

rebuke their evil ways, and declare that never moreat their prayer would she reveal her face to man."Behold what manner of race the fathers of the

Golden Age ^ left behind them ! Far meaner thanthemselves ! but ye will breed a viler progeny ^

!

Verily wars and cruel bloodshed shall be unto menand grievous woe shall be laid upon them." Evenso she spake and sought the hills and left the people

all gazing towards her still. But when they, too,

were dead, and when, more ruinous than they whichwent before, the Race of Bronze was born, who werethe first to forge the sword of the highwayman, andthe first to eat of the flesh of the ploughing-ox, thenverily did Justice loathe that race of men and fly

heavenward and took up that abode, where even

now in the night time the Maiden is seen of men,established near to far-seen Bootes.

Above both her shoulders at her right wingwheels a star, whereof the name is the Vintager "—of such size and with such brightness set, as the star

that shines beneath the tail of the Great Bear. Fordread is the Bear and dread stars are near her.

Seeing them thou needest not further conjecture

est fabricarier ensem Et gustare manu vinctum domitumqueiuvencum.

'

"

^ Cf. Hor. C. iii. 6. 46 " Aetas parentum, peior avis, tulit

Nos nequiores, mox daturos Progeniem vitiosiorem.

"

•^ Vindemiator,

391

ARATUS

[ot fJLLV irdoav OTnaOev iXiaaofJicvoL rvTrocjOGLV,] ^ 142a

olos ot 71p6 TToScov (J)€p€TaL KaXos T€ fieyas T€

ets fJLev VTTcojJiaLCov , ets S' l^voOev Kanovrajv,

aXXos S' ovpauoLS vrro yovvacriv dAA' dpa Travres" 145

dnXooL dXXodev aAAos' dvcovvpiLr) (fyopeovrai.

Kparl 8e ot aiatmoi, fieaarj 8' vtto KAPKIN02

ecrrtV-

TTOGGL 8' oTnadoripoiaL AEilN vtto KoXd <f)aeiv€i.

€v9a fjiev rjeXioLO depeirarai elai KeXevdor

at 8e 7TOV daraxvcov Keveal âivovrai dpovpai 150

'qeXiov rd TTpcjra cruvepxojJLevoLO Aeovri.

rrjfjios Koi KcXdSovres irrjcriai evpi'C ttovto)

ddpOOL iflTTlTTTOVGLV, 6 Se TtXoOS 0VK€TL K(I)7TaiS

ojpios. €vpetal, fioc dpiuKOLev rore vrjes,

els dvcfiov 8e rd TrrjSd Kvêpvrjrrjpcs e;\;otev. 155

Et 8e rot *HNioxoN re /cat darepas * HvloxoloGK€7TT€Gdai SoK€€L, /Cat TOL (jidns rjXvdev Airos

avrrjs "J^S* EPl*nN, ot r' elv dXl 7TOp(f)Vpovo'r^

TToXXaKLs ioTKeifsavro /ce8ato/xeVous' dvOpcoTTovs,

avTov ixiv fjLLV diravra pueyav AlSv/jlcvv iirl Aata 160

KeKXijxevov Sonets" 'EAt/CT^? Se ot d'/cpa Kdpr)va

dvria 8tveuet. GKaicp 8' eVeAoÂarat d5/xa>

at^ lep'q, rr)v jxev re Xoyog Att puaôv iTTLGxelv,

QAevLTjV Se fiLV Atya Atos" KaXeovG* V7ro(f)rjraL.

1 Read only in later mss. C/. v. 171.

" Cic. ap. Priscian. Gramm. vi. "Tertia sub caudam adgenus ipsura lumina pandit.

"

* Gemini. Cic. I)e nat. d. ii. 43 " Et natos Geminosinvises sub caput Arcti : Subiectus mediae est Cancer,pedibusque tenetur Magna' Leo tremulara quatiens e corporeflammam." " Cancer. ^ Leo.

« About 23rd July the Sun enters the zodiacal sign Leo :

cf. Hipparch. ii. 1. 18 who, after quoting Aratus 149-151,remarks :

" For the greatest heat occurs about the time

392

PHAENOMENA

what stars beyond them model all her form. Suchstars are borne along, beautiful and great, one in

front of her forefeet, one on her flank, and onebeneath her hind knees. <* But all singly one here,

one there, are wheeled along without a name.Beneath the head of Helice are the Twins ^

; be-

neath her waist is the Crab ^; beneath her hind feet

the Lion^ brightly shines. There is the Sun's hottest

summer path. Then the fields are seen bereft of

corn-ears, when first the Sun comes together withthe Lion.® Then the roaring Etesian/ winds fall

swooping on the vasty deep, and voyaging is nolonger seasonable for oars. Then let broad-beamedships be my choice, and let steersmen hold the helminto the wind.

But if it be thy wish to mark Charioteer ^ and his

stars, and if the fame has come to thee of the Goat ''

herself and the Kids,* who often on the darkeningdeep have seen men storm-tossed, thou wilt find himin all his might, leaning forward at the left hand of

the Twins. Over against him wheels the top of

Helice's head, but on his left shoulder is set the

holy Goat, that, as legend tells, gave the breast to

Zeus. Her the interpreters of Zeus call the Olenian

when the Dog-Star rises, which is as nearly as possible thirty

days after the summer solstice. At that date, according to

Aratus, the Sun is in the beginning of Leo. The sun, there-

fore, at this (the summer) solstice occupies the beginning ofthe Crab (Cancer)."

^ The Etesian or trade-winds which blow every year in theMediterranean during the summer, mostly from the North,begin at the rising of the Dog-Star, being preceded by theprodromi which, also from the North, begin eight daysbefore the rising of the Dog-Star. The Etesian winds blowfor some fifty days. ^ Auriga. ^ CapeUa.

* Haedi; cf. Verg. A. ix. 668 " pluvialibus Haedis."

S9S

ARATUS

aAA' 7] fiev ttoAAtJ re /cat dyXaij' ol Se ol avrov 165

Xenra (f>a€LVOvraL "Eipi(f)Oi Kapirov Kara ;)êt/oos.

Yiap TToal S' 'HvLoxov Kepaov TreTTrrjora taypon

fiaUdOai. ra Se ol pboX ioiKora ai^jLtara icetraf

toLt] ol KeâXr) Sta/ce/c/otrat • ovSe res dXXcp

GTjpLarL reKfjLijpaLTO Kaprj ôos, old puiv avrol 170

daripes dfjuc/yorepcudev iXLcraojJLevoL tvttocdglv.

Kol Xiy]V Ketvojv ovop,* etperat, ovSe roi avrojs

VTjKOVGTOL TAAE2. Tol fJL€V p eTTL TTaVTi fXeTCJTTCp

Tavpov jSeÂeWat* Xaiov Se Kepdaros aKpov

KOL TToSa heîrepov TrapaKecpbevov ^VLvioxoco 175

€ts" darrjp iTrexec ovveXrjXdfJievoL Se (jyepovrai,

aAA* alel Tavpos TTpoêpearepos 'H^'to;\;oto

ets" ereprjv KaraprjvaL, 6fX7]XvGLr] irep dveXOcov.

OuS* dpa Kr)(j)7Jo9 ixoyepov yevos 'lao-tSao

avTCxis dppr]Tov KaraKeiaerai' aAA' dpa kol ra)V 180

ovpavov eh ovofi rjXdeVy eTrel Atos" eyyvdev rJGav.

avros fxev Karoiriadev eojv YsAJvocrovpihos "ApKrovKH*EY5 dfjL(f)OTepas x^^P^^ ravvovri eoLKCog'

iorrj ol ardOjjLT] vedrrjs dTTorelveraL ovprjs

is TToSas dpi(j)orepovs , ocrarj ttoSos is TroSa reivei. 185

« Amalthea : Olenian as being on the arm {(hXivrj) ofAuriga or as daughter of Olenus or from Olenus or Olene in

Achaia (Strabo 387, who quotes Aratus). Cf. " NasciturOleniae signum pluviale Capellae," Ovid, F. v. 113, " Oleniaesidus pluviale Capellae," Ovid, M. iii. 594,

^ The participle ireirT-qihs occurs five times in Aratus, hereof Taurus, 318 of the bright stars in the Dolphin, 324 ofOrion, 353 of Andromeda, 369 of certain nameless stars.

The Mss. of Homer confuse the perfect participle active ofTTtTTTw v^îth that of irT-qaaoj (Leaf on //. xxi. 503). Thereseems reason to think that in some cases, e.g. 334, Aratustreated TreTTT-qcbs as from irLTfrj/xi, treTawvixL, in the sense of" extended," " spread."

S9^

PHAENOMENA

Goat.^ Large is she and bright, but there at thewrist of the Charioteer faintly gleam the Kids.

At the feet of Charioteer seek for the crouching ^

horned Bull." Very lifelike are his signs ; so clear

defined his head : not by other sign would one markthe head of an ox, since in such wise those very

stars, wheeling on either side, fashion it. Oft-

spoken is their name and not all unheard-of are the

Hyades.<* Broadcast are they on the forehead of

the Bull. One star occupies the tip of his left hornand the right foot of the Charioteer, who is close by.

Together they are carried in their course, but ever

earlier is the Bull than the Charioteer to set beneaththe West,* albeit they fare together at their rising./

Nor all unnamed shall rest the hapless family of

lasid Cepheus.fl' For their name, too, has come untoheaven, for that they were near akin to Zeus.''

Cepheus himself is set behind the Bear Cynosura,

like to one that stretches out both his hands. Fromher tail-tip to both his feet stretches a measureequal to that from foot to foot.* But a little aside

" Taurus.^ Hyades in the constellation of Taurus.« er^pt) may refer to West, as here, and 279, 659, or to

East, 571, 617, 726, always according to the context.' The Bull sets sooner because he is farther South than

Auriga (schol.). For criticism of this passage cf. Hipparch.i. 5. 14 fle.

^ Cepheus, King of Aethiopia, father of Andromeda byCassiepeia. He was descended from lo whose father, ac-

cording to one version, was Jasus, son of Argos (Apollod.

ii. 5).'' As descended from lo.* Hipparchus i. 2. 12 says that this remark, in which

Aratus agrees with Eudoxus, is not true, the distance be-

tween the feet of Cepheus being less than that from either

foot to the tip of Cynosura 's tail.

395

ARATUS

avrap 0,77-0 t.ctivqs oXiyov k€ /xeraÂei/fetas'

7Tp(xiT7]S Ufjuevos KajJLTTrjs fieyaXoio ApaKovros.

Tov 8' dpa SaLfJLOVLr) TTpOKvXivherai ov pudXa

TToXXrj

t^vKTL <f)a€Lvofxevrj Tra/x/xi^vtSt KA52iEnEiA*

ov yap fjLLV TToXXol Kal iTTrjpLOLôl yavocDGiv 190

d(7T€p€Sy ot jJLiV TTdaav iTTLppt^Srjv GTLxdoJGLV.

OLTj Be kXtjlSl dvp7]v evTOdd* dpapvZav

St/cAtS' €7n7TXriooovT€s dvaKpovovaiv oxrjas,^

TOLOL ol pLovvd^ VTroKeifievoL IvSdXXovTaL

darepes. rj S* avrojg oXiycov dTToreiverai cjpLCJV ]95

opyviriv. (jyaLTjs Kev dvidt,€LV IttI TiatSt.

KvTOV yap KdKelvo KvXivBerai alvov dyaXfjua

ANAPOMEAH2 VTTO fJb7]Tpl K€KaGjX€.VOV . OV (J€ /XCtA* olo)

vvKTa TTepLorKeilsaodai, tv' avTLKa jjuaXXov 181706*

TOL7] ot Ke(j)aXri, tolol 8e ot dpLôripcoQev 200

(LpLOi Kal TToSes" dKporaroL Kal ^coyuara Trdvra.

dXX ejjLTTYjs KdKeldi SicoXevLT] rerdvvarai,

SeofJid 8e ot /cetrat /cat ev ovpavcp' at 8* dvexovrai

avrov TT-CTTTa/xeVat ttovt 'qpLara p^ctpcs" €K€ivai.

'AAA' dpa ol Kal Kparl rreXojp eTreXrjXarai *inno2 205

yaoTepi veiaipr]' $vv6s 8' eTTtAa/xTTcrat dorrrjp

TOV fjLev ctt' 6pL(f>aXi(x>y rrj£ 8' ioxoLTOcovn Kapiqvoj.

ol 8' ap' ert rpets dXXoi inl irXevpds re /cat cjpiovs

LTTTTOV ScLKavoojGL 8tao'Ta8ov tCTo TTeXcOpa,

KaXol Kal fxeydXof K€âXy] Be ol ovBkv opLolr], 210

<* Cassiepeia offended the Nereids by vying with them in

beauty. Hence Poseidon sent a sea-monster (Cetus) againstAethiopia.

* The W-shaped constellation of Cassiepeia is a famiharspectacle in the sky. It is probably unnecessary to supposethat more is meant than that C. presents roughly the same

396

PHAENOMENA

from his belt look to find the first coil of the mightyDragon.

Eastward his hapless wife^ Cassiepeia/ gleamingwhen by night the moon is full, wheels with her

scanty stars. For few and alternate stars adorn her,

which expressly mark her form with lines of light.

Like the key*^ of a twofold door barred within,

wherewith men striking shoot back the bolts, so

singly set shine her stars. But from her shoulders

so faint she stretches a fathom's length. Thouwould'st say she was sorrowing over her daughter."

For there, too, wheels that woeful form of Andro-meda, enstarred beneath her mother. Thou hast

not to wait^ for a night, I ween, whereon to see her

more distinct ! So bright is her head and so clearly

marked are both the shoulders, the tips of her feet

and all her belt. Yet even there she is racked, with

arms stretched far apart, and even in Heaven bondsare her portion. Uplifted and outspread there for

all time are those hands of hers.

Beneath her head is spread the huge Horse," touch-

ing her with his lower belly. One common star

gleams on the Horse's navel and the crown of her

head. Three other separate stars, large and bright,

at equal distance set on flank and shoulders, trace a

square-^ upon the Horse. His head is not so brightly

aspect as that presented by the bars of a folding-door, whereone half-door acts as door-post to the other and vice versa.

If these two bars were secured by a drop-bar passing throughthe two, the resemblance would be clearer still.

" Andromeda, who was exposed to the Sea-Monsterbeing chained to a rock until she was rescued by Perseus.

'^ i.e. She can be seen any night.« Pegasus, the winged horse of Bellerophon./ The Great Square of Pegasus, made up of a, /3, 7

Pegasi with a Andromedae.

ARATUS

ouS' avx^jv SoXiXog Trep icov. drap eaxo-rog OLGTrjp

aWojJievr]? yivvos /cat Kev irporepoLS epiGeiev

rerpaoLV, ol pav exovort TrepiGKemoL pLoX eovres,

ovS^ o ye rerpoLTTOs iarlv o-tt' 6pL(f>aXLOLO yap aKpov

pLeaGodev rjpnTeXrjs TTepiriXXerai Upos "Ittttos. 215

KeZvov Srj /cat âat /ca^' viJjtjXov 'EAt/ccDvos"

KaXov vScop dyay€LV evaXSeos *\7nTOVKprjV7]s

.

ov yap 7T(x) 'EAt/ca>v aKpos KareXeiêro Trryyats",

aAA' "Ittttos p-iv ervi/je' to 8* ddpoov avroOev vScop

€$€XVTO TrXrjyfj Trporepov ttoSos' ol 8e vopirjes 220

TrpcjTOL K6LVO TTOTOV SiecfiijpLLGav*

IttttovKpijvrjv

.

dXXd TO puev 7T€Tpr)s dnoXelêTaL, ovSe ttot' avTO

©ecTTTtecov dvSpcbv e/ca? oj/reat* avTap 6 "Ittttos

€U Alos etAetrat /cat rot TTapa drj'qaaaOaL.

AvTOV /cat KPIOIO BocxiTaTai ctcrt KeXevdoL, 225

OS pd T€ /cat /XTy/cto-ra Stco/co/xevos" TTepl /cu/cAa

ovSev d<f)avp6T€pov Tpoxdei KvvoGOVpcSos "ApKTov,

avTos /xev vojdrjs /cat dvdoTepos ola aeX'qvr)

aKeipacrdai, ^covrj 8' dv opiojs eTTiTeKpnqpaio

ÂvSpopueSrjS' oXiyov yap vtt* avTrjv ecrrT^pt/crat. 230

pLeaaodi 8e rptjSet pueyav ovpavov, rjxi' Trep a/cpat

;Âat /cat tôjvrj TreptreAAerat ^Qpicovos.

"Eorrt 8e rot /cat er' aAAo T€TvypL€vov iyyvdt, arjpLa

veiodev ÂvSpopLeSrjs, to 8* cttI Tpialv ecrra^/XT^rat

AEATHTON TrXevpfjGLV, lGaiOpi€V7}GLV ioiKos 235

dfJL(f)OT€prjS' r) 8' ouVt togt], jLtaAa 8' €GtIv iToipLT)

€vpeG9ai- 7T€pl yap TToXioiv evdGrepos eGTiv.

Tcav oXLyov Ys^piov vortcorepot dGTepes eIgLv.

" The constellation of Pegasus is only a TrpoTOfi-q or bust,

showing head and forefeet and half the body.* A fountain on Helicon, near Thespiae in Boeotia, said to

have been caused by the hoof of Pegasus, the winged Horseof Bellerophon (Paus. ix. 31. 3).

398

PHAENOMENA

marked, nor his neck, though it be long. But thefarthest star on his blazing nostril could fitly rival

the former four, that invest him with such splendour.

Nor is he four-footed. Parted at the navel, withonly half a body, wheels in heaven the sacred

Horse." He it was, men say, that brought downfrom lofty Helicon the bright water of bounteousHippocrene.^ For not yet on Helicon's summittrickled the fountain's springs, but the Horse smoteit and straightway the gushing water was shedabroad at the stamp of his forefoot, and herdsmenwere the first to call that stream the fountain of the

Horse. From the rock the water wells and nevershalt thou see it far from the men of Thespiae ; butthe Horse himself circles in the heaven of Zeus andis there for thee to behold.

There too are the most swift courses of the Ram,"who, pursued through the longest circuit, runs not a

whit slower than the Bear Cynosura—himself weakand starless as on a moonlit night, but yet by the

belt of Andromeda thou canst trace him out. Fora little below her is he set. Midway he treads the

mighty heavens, where wheel the tips of the

Scorpion's Claws and the Belt of Orion.

There is also another sign, fashioned near, belowAndromeda, Deltoton,'* drawn with three sides,

whereof two appear equal but the third is less, yet

very easy to find, for beyond many is it endowedwith stars. Southward a little from Deltoton are

the stars of the Ram.'^ The Ram, Aries, situated on the Equator, which is a

Great Circle of the celestial globe, completes his circuit of

the heavens in the same time that Ursa Minor completes her

smaller circle.<^ Triangulum.

^99

ARATUS

01 8' ap' €Tt TTporipcjjy en 8' iv TrpojJioXfjcn votolo,

IX0YE2. aAA' at€t erepos TTpoêpeorepos aXXov, ^'*"

Kal fjidXXov Popeao viov Kanovros OLKOvet.

aix<f)OT€pcjov 8e (T(f)€a)V diroreiverai, r)VT€ 8eo-/xa

ovpaiojv eKOLTepdev e7rtcr\;€p6i> els €V Iovtcjv.

Kal ra fxev els daTrjp i7T€X€i KaXos re fxeyas re,

ov pd re /cat crvvSeajjuov virovpaiov KaXeovcnv. 245

*AvSpofjLeSrjg Se roc cLpuos dpiarepos Îxdvo? earu)

arjjjia ôpeiorepov fxdXa ydp vv ol eyyvdev eariv,

'AjLt<^0T€/30t 8e TTohes yapu^pov erriG'qpLaivoLev

riEPSEOS, ol pd ol alev eTTCop^dSioi (fyopeovrai.

avrdp o y ev ôpeo) (f)eperaL rrepLpLTjKero^ dXXcov, 250

/cat ol Seîreprj [xev eul /cAta/xov rerdvvarai

TTevOepiov 8t^/)oto' ra 8' ev rrodlv ola Slcjkojv

vxyia fjL7]KVV€L KeKOVLfJuevos ev Att irarpi.

"Ayx'' 8e ol (T/catTjs" eTnyovviSo? rjXiOa Trdcrai

IIAHIAAES <f>opeovraL. oh* ov /xaAa ttoXXos

aTrdcjas 255

Xc^pog e'x^t, /cat 8* aurat eTnaKeipaadat d(j)avpai.

eTrrdTTopoL Sr] rat ye fxer^ dvOpwTrovs vSeovrai,

e^ otat TTep eovaai eTTOifjiac 6(f)daXpLOLGLV

.

ov fJLev 7TC09 dTToXcoXev d7T€vdr)s e/c Atos' darT^p,

ef ov Kal yeverjOev dKovojxev, dXXd pudX avrcos 260

elperai. eirrd 8* eKelvai eTnpprfiiqv KaXeovrai

ÂXkvovy) MepoTTTj re KcAatvo* r' ^HXe^rprj re

Kal TirepoTTT] Kal Trjvyerr} Kal TTorvia Mata.at /xev ojxojs oXiyai Kal dcfyeyyees, dXX* ovopuaaral

^pL Kal eGTTepiai, Zeus" 8* atrtos", elXloorovrai, 265

" Pisces. Hipparchus i. 6. 8 f. points out that not bothbut only one of the Fishes is south of the Ram. The schol.

takes Aratus to mean south of Triangulum.* a Piscium, the knot of the band of stars joining the tails

of the two Fishes.

400

I

PHAENOMENA

Still farther in front of the Ram and still in thevestibule of the South are the Fishes. <* Ever oneis higher than the other^ and louder hears the fresh

rush of the North wind. From both there stretch,

as it were, chains, whereby their tails on either side

are joined. The meeting chains are knit by a single

beautiful and great star, which is called the Knot of

Tails. ^ Let the left shoulder of Andromeda be thyguide to the northern Fish, for it is very near.

Her two feet will guide thee to her bridegroom,Perseus,<' over whose shoulder they are for ever

carried. But he moves in the North a taller formthan the others. His right hand is stretched towardthe throne of the mother «* of his bride, and, as if

pursuing that which lies before his feet, he greatly

strides, dust-stained, in the heaven of Zeus.

Near " his left thigh move the Pleiades, all in a

cluster, but small is the space that holds them andsingly they dimly shine. Seven are they in the

songs of men, albeit only six are visible to the eyes.-^

Yet not a star, I ween, has perished from the skyunmarked since the earliest memory of man, buteven so the tale is told. Those seven are called byname Halcyone, Merope, Celaeno, Electra, Sterope,

Taygete, and queenly Mala. Small and dim are

they all alike, but widely famed they wheel in

heaven at morn and eventide, by the will of Zeus,

" Perseus, son of Zeus and Danae, who rescued Andro-meda.

'^ Cassiepeia, mother of Andromeda.« Hipparch. i. 6. 12 criticizes this :

" The left knee ofPerseus is a long way from the Pleiades,"

/ The missing Pleiad is sometimes said to be Merope,sometimes Electra. Hipparch. i. 6. 14 says that by lookingcarefully on a clear moonless night seven stars can be seen.

2d 401

ARATUS

o a<f)iGL Kol Oipeos Kal ;^€tjLtaTOS' apxofJievoio

ariiiaiveiv iKeXcvaev iTTepxofxevov r dporoio.

Kal XEAY2, ')7t' oXlyrj- ttjv 8' dp' ert /cat

vapa Xlkvo)

''EipfJL€Lr)9 eropTjore, ATPHN Se pav etire Xeyecrdai.

KaS S' eOero irpoirdpoidev direvdeos EtScoAoto 270

ovpavov elorayaywv. to S' evrt GKeXdeaori, TrerrjXov

yovvari ol GKaico TreAaet* K€(f)aXij ye pikv aKprj

dvTt7r€p7]v "OpviOos iXiGGerai' rj Se piearjyv

6pvi6er]s AceâA^s" kol yovvaros iurripiKTai.

^Hrofc yd/) KOL 7j7]vI Traparpix^^ aloXos OPNI2. 275

dAA' d pi€V r)€p6€i9, rd Be ol eVt rerprixwrai

darpduLV ovtl Xltjv pieydXoLS, drdp ov /xev d<f)avpols.

avrdp 6 y evSioojvri ttottjv opvidi eoiKCJS

ovpios etV ireprjv (fieperai, Kara Se^td xctpos"

K.r](j)€L7]s rapGolo rd Seîd rreipara reivcuVy 280

Xaifj 8e Trrepvyi GKapdpios irapaKeKXiraL "Ittttov.

Tov 8e pieraoTKalpovra Su' Îxdves dpiîvepiovrai

"Ittttov Tvdp S' dpa ol K€cf)aXfj x^^^P 'TfAPOXOOio

Se^Lreprj rerdvvaO' - 6 8' OTTLorepos KlyoKeprjos

reXXerat. avrdp o ye Tvporepos Kal vecodc pidXXov 285

/ce/cAtrat AirOKEPfiS, Iva re rpeTrer rjeXlov ts".

fjLT) Keivcp evl p^rjvl TrepiKXvôio daXdoror)

TTeTTrapLevcp TreXdyet Kexprjlêvos. ovre Kev tjol

TToXXrjv TTeiprjveLas , enel rax^'Vayrarai elonv

ovr dv roL vvKro? Treô^Ty/xeVo) eyyvOev rjcbs 290

eXdoL Kal fjbdXa TroAAd ôcopêvco. ol 8' dXeyeLVol

" Their heliacal rising (etpa dvaroXri) in May was the signof harvest; their cosmical setting {eqia dvais) in Novemberthe sign of the sowing-season ; cf. Hesiod, W. 383 fF. SoTheophrast. De sign. i. 6 dixoTo/xei: d^ rbv [ikv iviavTov IlXeids

re dvofi^vT] Kal dvareWovaa.

402

I

PHAENOMENA

who bade them tell of the beginning of Summer andof Winter and of the coming of the ploughing-time."

Yonder, too, is the tiny Tortoise,^ which, while

still beside his cradle, Hermes pierced for strings

and bade it be called the Lyre : and he brought it

into heaven and set it in front of the unknownPhantom." That Croucher on his Knees comes nearthe Lyre with his left knee, but the top of the Bird's

head wheels on the other side, and between the Bird's

head and the Phantom's knee is enstarred the Lyre.

For verily in heaven there is outspread a glitter-

ing Bird.'* Wreathed in mist is the Bird, but yet

the parts above him are rough with stars, not very

large, yet not obscure. Like a bird in joyous flight,

with fair weather it glides to the west, with the tip

of its right wing outstretched towards the right

hand of Cepheus, and by its left wing is hung in the

heavens the prancing Horse.

Round the prancing Horse range the two Fishes.

By the Horse's head is stretched the right hand of

Hydrochous.* He is behind Aegoceros,-^ who is set

in front and further down, where the mighty Sunturns.5' In that month use not the open sea^ lest

thou be engulfed in the waves. Neither in the

dawn canst thou accomplish a far journey, for fast

to evening speed the dawns ; nor at night amid thy

fears will the dawn draw earlier near, though loud

and instant be thy cry. Grievous then is the crash-

^ Lyra. For the invention of the lyre by Hermes cf.

Horn. H. Herm. 39 ff.

" Engonasin ; cf. v. 66 n. ^ Cygnus, the Swan.« Aquarius, the Water-bearer. ' Capricorn.fl" Tropic of Capricorn, so called because the Sun enters

the zodiacal sign of Capricorn at the winter solstice, i.e.

22nd December.^

fj.T] . . . ^aXdcro-T? quoted by [Longin.] jDe5w6//m. xxvi. 1.

403

ARATUS

TTJfJLOs CTTippiqaGOVCJi voTOiy OTTOT AlyoKepTJi

avpi^€p€T TjiXios' Tore Se Kpvog Ik Atds" iariv

vavrj) /xaXKLOCjovTL KaKcLrepov. aAAa kol efjLTrrjg

T^h-q TTOvr ivcavTov vtto crreuprjaL ddXacraa 295

7TOp<j)Vp€L' LKeXoL Sc KoXvjJL^LCnV aWvLTjGLV

TToXXoLKLs €.K VYjcov TTeXayos TTepLTraTTTaLvovres

'qijued^ eV alyiaXovs rerpafjiiJLevoL- ol 8' ert Troporco

KXvôvraf oXiyov 8e Slcl ^vXov "AlS' ipvKCL.

Kat 8' av iirl ^ rrporepa) ye, daXdaar] ttoXXol

7T€7rovda)s, 300

Tofov or' rjeXios /catet /cat pvropa Toôu,

iairepios Kardyoio, TreTTOtdajs ovk€tl vvktL.

crfjfia Se rot Keivrfs a)p7]s /cat fJL7]v6£ e/c€tVou

HKopTTLog dvreXXwv e'ir] TTVfJLarrjS e77t vvktos.

tJtol yap fxeya roôv diêA/cerat iyyvOi Kevrpov 305

TOHETTH2' oXiyov Se irapoirepog to-rarat avrov

^KopTTios dvreXXci)Vy 6 8* dvepx^rat avTLKa fidXXov.

TYJfjLos /cat K€(f)aXrj KwoaovpiSos aKpoOi vvktos

vijjL fidXa Tpoxdei, 6 8e 8ueTat T^co^t ttô

ddpoos ^QpLOJVy K.7](j)evs 8* citt-o x^tpos" ctt' t^w. 310

"Ecrrt 8e ng Trporepco p€pXr]fjL€VOS dXXog OI2T05

avTos drep roôv 6 Se ol TrapaTTeTrrarai "Opvis

aGGorepov ôpeoj. arx^SoOev 8e ol dXXos drjrai

ov TOGuos fieyedec, ;)âA€7ros' y€ fiev ef dXos iXdelv

WKTOS d7T€pXOfJL€Vr]S' Kat fjLLV KaXioVGLV AHTON. 315

AEA*I5 8*, ov fjidXa TToXXos, iTTirpex^L Alyo-Keprj'C

^ ^rt C ; read in Trporipo} ?

" [Longin.] De suhl. x. 5-6 contrasts this passage of Aratus,6\iyov . . . ipvK€L^ with Horn, //. xv. 624-628 (ending rvrdbv yapvirkK dav&TOLo (p^povrai), and awards the palm for sublimity to

Homer.

404

PHAENOMENA

ing swoop of the South winds when the Sun joins

Aegoceros^ and then is the frost from heaven hardon the benumbed sailor. Not but that throughoutthe year's length the sea ever grows dark beneaththe keels, and, like to diving seagulls, we often sit,

spying out the deep from our ship with faces turnedto the shore ; but ever farther back the shores are

swept by the waves and only a thin plank staves off

Death.*But even in the previous month,^ storm-tossed at

sea, when the Sun scorches the Bow and the

Wielder <' of the Bow, trust no longer in the night

but put to shore in the evening. Of that season

and that month let the rising of Scorpion at the

close of night be a sign to thee. For verily his

great Bow does the Bowman draw close by the

Scorpion's sting, and a little in front stands the

Scorpion at his rising, but the Archer " rises right

after him. Then, too, at the close of night Cyno-sura's head runs very high, but Orion just before

the dawn wholly sets and Cepheus from hand to

waist. **

Further up there is another Arrow * shot—alone

without a bow. By it is the Bird / outspread nearer

the North, but hard at hand another bird 3 tosses in

storm, of smaller size but cruel in its rising from the

sea when the night is waning, and men call it the

Eagle (Stoi-m-bird).'^

Over Aegoceros floats the Dolphin* with few

* November, when the Sun enters Sagittarius." Sagittarius.'^ Vv. 303 if. are discussed by Hipparch. i. 7. 1-18.

« Sagitta. f Cygnus. « Aquila, Eagle.* Aetos, here derived from di^rat, "is blown."* Delphinus.

405

ARATUS

fiecraodev rjepoeis' ra he ol rrepL reaaapa Kclrat

yXi^vea, TrapôXdSrjv Svo nap 8vo ireTTTTjajra.

Kat ra fjuev ovv ôpeoj Kal olX'^glos rjeXLOio

fjL€(j(jr]yvs Kexvrai- ra Se veiodi reAAerat d'AAa 320

TToAAa fxera^v votolo /cat rjeXloLO KcXevOov.

Aoôs fJiev TavpoLO rofjufj viroKeKXirai avros

nPlflN. pbT] K€LVOv oris KaOapfj ivl vvktl

vijjov TreTTTrjojTa Trapepx^rai d'AAa ireTToidoL

ovpavov elaaviSojv 7Tpo<j)€peGT€pa drjifjoaadai. 325

ToZos ol Koi (f)povp6s deipofievcp vtto vwrcp

iâtVerat afxcfyoTepoun KTHN vtto ttoggI ê^riKcos,

TTOiKiXos, dXX ov Trdvra Treâuixivos' oAAd /car'

avTr)v

yaarepa Kvdveos rrepireXXerai, rj Se ol aKpr]

darepi êjSAT^rat heivr] yews, 05 pa fidXiara 330

dfea aeipidei' Kal jxiv KaXeova dvOpcoTTOi

2EIPION. ovKert Kelvov dfM 'êXlco dviovra

(fyvraXial tpevSovrai dvaXSea ^vXXiocoGai.

pela yap ovv eKpive hid gtlxcis o^vs dtâs,

Kal ra fxev eppcjoaev, tojv he (j)X6ov coXeore Trdvra. 336

Kelvov Kal KariovTOS dKovofJiev ol he hrj dXXoi

crqfi efjievau fzeXeeaaLV eXa<j)p6repoL TrepiKeLvrai.

lioGolv 8' ^Q.pla)vos V7T* dfjL(f>OTepoLaL AArnos

ifjifjLeves jjixara irdvra hidjKerai. avrdp 6 y alel

XelpLog eôTTidev êperat pLerLovn eoiKU)?, 340

/cat ol eTTavreXXei, Kal fxiv Kartovra hoKevec.

*H he Kvvos fxeydXoLo /car' ovprjv eA/cerat APrn

« The Ecliptic or apparent path of the Sun among thestars.

* As the constellation of Taurus represents only the fore-

quarters of the Bull it is natural to take to/ztj = Trporo/UTy,

" forequarters." The schol., however, takes it as " section,"i.e. the section of the Zodiac represented by the Bull.

406

I

r PHAENOMENA

bright stars and body wreathed in mist, but four

brilliants adorn him, set side by side in pairs.

Now these constellations lie between the Northand the Sun's wandering path,'* but others many in

number rise beneath between the South and theSun's course.

Aslant beneath the fore-body ^ of the Bull is set

the great Orion. Let none who pass him spreadout on high on a cloudless night imagine that, gazingon the heavens, one shall see other stars more fair.

Such a guardian, too, beneath his towering backis seen to stand on his hind legs, the Dog" star-

enwrought, yet not clearly marked in all his form,

but right by his belly he shows dark. The tip of

his terrible jaw is marked by a star that keenest of

all blazes with a searing flame and him men call

Seirius.*^ When he rises with the Sun,* no longer dothe trees deceive him by the feeble freshness of their

leaves. For easily with his keen glance he pierces

their ranks, and to some he gives strength but of

others he blights the bark utterly. Of him too at

his setting / are we aware, but the other stars of the

Dog are set round with fainter light to mark his legs.

Beneath both feet of Orion is the Hare 3 pursuedcontinually through all time, while Seirius behind is

for ever borne as in pursuit. Close behind he rises

and as he sets he eyes the setting Hare.

Beside the tail of the Great Dog the ship Argo ^ is

" Canis Major, the Great Dog. ^ Sirius, a Canis Majoris.« In July. f In the end of November. " Lepus.'^ " At Canis ad caudam serpens prolabitur Argo

|Con-

versam prae se portans cum lumine puppim," Cic. De nat.

d. ii. 44 ; cf. Eratosth. Catast. 35 ets 5^ rd 6.(XTpa dveTedrj to

etScjXov ovx (iXov avTrjs, oi 5' oi'aKh eiaiv ecos tov laTov avv rots

TTT/SaXi'oiS.

407

ARATUS

TrpVfJbVoOev' ov yap rfj ye Kara xpô^ ^^'o-t KeXevdoL,

oAA' oTTiOev </)€p€TaL rerpapLfxevr), ota Kal aural

V7J€Sy or* 7]Srj vavrai iTTiarpeipcoai Kopcovrjv 346

opfJLOV €G€pxop,€voi' rTjv 8' avriKa Tvds avaKOTrrei

vrja, TTaXippoOit) Se Kaddirrerai rjTTeipOLO'

<^s ri ye TTpvpbvr^dev *lr]Govls eA/cerat Âpycj.

Kal TO, /xev rjcplrj Kal avdcrrepos dxpi Trap* avrov

larov amo Trpwprjs êperat, rd Se rrdaa (j>a€ivrj. 350

Kai ot 7Tr]SdXtov /cepâAacj/xeVov iarrjpLKraL

TTOGGLV VTT* ovpaioKji Y^vvos TTpoTrdpoiOev lovros.

Trjv 8e Kal ovk oXiyov irep diroTTpoOi Treirnqvlav

ÂvSpojJieSrjV jjLeya khto2 eirepxopievov AcarcTretyet.

7] fjbev yap Qp'q'iKOS vtto ttvoltj ôpeao 355

KeKXifMevT] (jyeperai, ro 8e ot voros ex^pov dyivel

KTJroSy VTTO Kptoi T€ Kal Îxdvo-LV dix(j)or€poiOLV

t

paLov vrrep Uorajjiov p€^X7]fj,€vov darepoevros.

Olov yap KaKeivo Oecov vtto ttoctgI <f)op€LraL

Xeitpavov HPIAANOIO, TToXvKXavrov rrorapLoio. 359

Kal ro pbev ^Qplajvos vtto cr/catov TroSa reiver

SeapLol 8* ovpaioL, rots *Ixdves aKpot exovrai,

a/x0ct> crvpLcf)Opeovrat 0,77* ovpalcov Kariovres'

KyjreiTj? 8' oTTidev Xo(f)Lrjs eTTipX^ (j)opeovraL

etg ev eXavvopuevoL' evl 8' dcrrepi TTeipaivovrai 355K7yT€09, OS" Keivov TTpcorTj eTTLKeLrai aKdvdr].

01 8' oXlyo) puerpw oXtyr) 8' eyKeipêvoi atyXr)

" Hipparch. i. 8. 1 criticizes this : the bright stars, k onthe deck, ^ on the keel, he considerably East of the Mast.

* See note on 167." Cetus.'^ Hipparch. i. 8. 5.

* Eridanus, Flumen, the River, sometimes called the Nile.

The Eridanus was identified with the river Po, into whichPhaethon fell and where his sisters, the Heliades, wept for

408

PHAENOMENA

hauled stern-foremost. For not hers is the propercourse of a ship in motion, but she is borne back-wards, reversed even as real ships, when already thesailors turn the stern to the land as they enter thehaven, and every one back-paddles the ship, but sherushing sternward lays hold of the shore. Even so

is the Argo of Jason borne along stern-foremost.

Partly in mist is she borne along, and starless fromher prow even to the mast," but the hull is whollywreathed in light. Loosed is her Rudder and is

set beneath the hind feet of the Dog, as he runsin front.

Andromeda, though she cowers ^ a good way off,

is pressed by the rush of the mighty Monster'' oiF

the Sea. For her path lies under the blast of

Thracian Boreas, but the South wind drives against

her, beneath the Ram and the Pair of Fishes, the

hateful Monster, Cetus, set as he is a little abovethe Starry River. '^

For alone are those poor remains of Eridanus,*

River of many tears, also borne beneath the feet of

the Gods. He winds beneath Orion's left foot, butthe Shackles, wherewith the Fishes' tails are held,

reach from their tails and join together, and behindthe neck of Cetus they mingle their path and fare

together. They end in a single star of Cetus, set

where meet his spine and head.

Other stars,-^ mean in size and feeble in splendour,

him; 'poor remains,' because Eridanus was partly burntup. Aratus is the first to call the River Eridanus.

^ Stars lying between Argo and Cetus and the Hare,which were not grouped as a constellation and given aspecial name. Hipparch. i. 8. 2 f. says the " namelessstars " really lie between the River and the Helm ofArgo.

409

I

ARATUS

IX€(7g66l TTT^SaXiov /cttt Knjreos elXuGdovraL,

yXavKov 7T€7TT7]tor€9 V7t6 TrXevpfjcTL Aayojovvcovvôi' ov yap roi ye rervyfjuevov elScjXoio 370

pe^Xearai [xeXeecrGLV ioiKores, old re ttoXXol

€^€17)9 arLXoojvra 7rap€px€raL avra KeXevOa

dvofxevajv irecov rd ng dvSpcjv ovKer iovrojv

icjypdcjar* i^S' evorôrev aTTavr* ovofiacrrl KaXeaaau

"^XiOa fxop<f)a)(Ta£. ov yap /c' iSwrâaro TrdvTwv 375

oloOl KeKpijxivayv ovopu^ ehreZv, ovhe harjvaL.

TToXXol yap TrdvrT], TToXicov S* ctti laa TriXovrai

jjuerpa re /cat XP^^V> Trdvres ye jxev d/x(/>ieAt/cTot.

TO) /cat ofJL-qyepeas ol ielcraro iTOLijoraordaL

darepasy 6<f)p^ cTrtraf dXXcp TrapaKeipievog aXXos 3S0

etSea crqp.aivoiev . dcfyap S' ovo/xacrra yevovro

darpa, /cat ovKen vvv vtto davfjuan reXXerai darrip.

aAA' ot pLev Kadapols ivap-qpores elScoXoLcnv

<j)aivovrai- rd S* evepOe StajKOfjuevoLO AaycoovTrdvra pidX 'qepoevra /cat ovk ovofjiaard <f)epovraL. 335

Neto^t 8' AlyoKeprjos, vtto TivoifJGL voroio,

IX0T5 es" YsJYJro? rerpapLpLevos alcopeXrai

oTos 0,770 TTporepcoVy NOTION 8e e /ct/cAi^cr/coucrtv.

*'AAAot 8e, a7Topd8r]v VTroKeipbevoi 'YSpoxorj'C,

KT^reos" aldepioLO /cat ÎxOvo? rjepedovrai 390

pieaaoi vojx^Xees /cat dvcovvpLOL' iyyvdi 8e a(j)eo)V,

Beîreprj? diro ;êtpos' dyavov 'YSpoxooLo,

oir] ris T oAiyr] p^ycrts" voaros evua /cat evua

CTKiSvapievoVy ;\;a/907rot /cat dvaXSee? elXiGaovrai.

ev Se cr<^tv hvo pLaXXov eeihopievoi cf>opeovraL 395

« Hipparch. i. 8. 8 ff. discusses 367-385. As ag-ainst

Attalus who accused Aratus of redundancy and obscurity,

Hipparchus thinks Aratus has given a masterly exposition

{KCKpaTTjixivoi^ aTTobebwKivai) of what was in his mind, namely,

410

PHAENOMENA

wheel between the Rudder of Argo and Cetus, andbeneath the grey Hare's sides they are set withouta name. For they are not set like the limbs of a

fashioned figure, such as, many in number, fare in

order along their constant paths, as the years are

fulfilled—stars, which someone of the men that are

no more noted and marked how to group in figures

and call all by a single name. For it had passed his

skill to know each single star or name them one byone. Many are they on every hand and of manythe magnitudes and colours are the same, while all

go circling round. Wherefore he deemed fit to

group the stars in companies, so that in order, set

each by other, they might form figures. Hence the

constellations got their names, and now no longer

does any star rise a marvel from beneath the horizon.

Now the other stars are grouped in clear figures andbrightly shine, but those beneath the hunted Hareare all clad in mist and nameless in their course.^

Below Aegoceros before the blasts of the Southwind swims a Fish, facing Cetus, alone and apart

from the former Fishes ; and him men call the

Southern Fish.^

Other stars, sparsely set beneath Hydrochoiis,"

hang on high between Cetus in the heavens and the

Fish, dim and nameless, and near them on the right

hand of bright Hydrochoiis, like some sprinkled

drops of water lightly shed on this side and on that,

other stars wheel bright-eyed though weak. Butamong them are borne two of more lustrous form,

that he who first grouped the stars in constellations decidedto group and name only those stars which spatially belongedtogether, neglecting those which did not naturally form agroup or figure.

* Fiscis Australis. " Aquarius.

411

ARATUS

OLGTepeSi ovT€ rt ttoXXov amriopoiy ovre /xaA' iyyvs*

€t9 fjiev U77"' dfJL(f>orepoL(JL ttoctIv KaXos re fxeyas re

'ICSpoxooVf 6 8e Kvaveov vtto Kt^tcos" ovpfj.

Toijs TTOLVTas KaXiovGiv *TAnp. oAtyot ye /xev aAAo6

veiodi Toêvrrjpos vtto irporipoiOL TToheacriv 400

hlVCJJTol KVkXcx) 7T€pi7]yi€S elXiGGOVTat.

Avrap V7T* aWofievo) Kevrpco repaos fieyaXoLO mTiKopTTLOV, dyxt' voTOLO, 0YTHPION alcop€iTaL.

rod S* tJtol oXiyov Trep em XP^v^^ vipod^ iovros

TTevaeaL' dvmreprjv yap deiperai ÂpKTOvpoio. 405

Kal Tw puev fJbdXa ndyxv pLerrjopoi €L(jl KeXevdoc

ÂpKrovpo), TO 8e ddaaov v^^ eGTrepirjV dXa velrai,

dXX dpa Kal irepl Keivo SvrrjpLOV dpxoLcr] NJf,dvdpCOTTOJV KXaiOVUa TTOVOV, X^^'H'djVOS €dlf]K€V

elvaXiov /xeya GrjfJia. AceSato/xevat yap iKeivrj 410

vrj€9 drro ^pevos etcrt, rd S' dXXodev dXXa 7n(f)av-

GK€L

arffxar , iiToiKTeipovGa TroXvppoOiovs dvdpo)7TOVs.

TO) puri fjLoi TTcXdyei veîoyv elXvpievov dXXojv

evxô pLeoraodt k€lvo <f)avi]fX€vat, ovpavco darpoVy

avTO fxev dve(/>€X6v re /cat dyXaov, vipL 8e fiaXXov 415

KVfiaivovri, V€(j)€L 7re7neo-/xeVov, old re 77oAAa

dXiêT* dvaareXXovros oTTCDpivov dvefioto.

TToXXdKL yap Kal tovto votco eVt GrjjjLa rirvoKei

Ni)^ avrrj, fJuoyepoLGL ;)(aptô/xeVi^ vavrrâiv.

ol 8' et jLteV Ace Tridoyvrai ivaiaijxa arjpLaivova'Dy 420

" This is not Sagittarius but the Centaur, usuallyidentified with Cheiron. Both being regarded as centaursthey are often confused. Even the name Cheiron is some-times used of Sagittarius, e.(/. Germanicus, Arat. 668.

^ These form Corona Australis, the Southern Crown,"Sr^tpapos N6rios.

412

PHAENOMENA

not far apart and yet not near : one beneath bothfeet of Hydrochoiis^ a goodly star and bright, theother beneath the tail of dark-blue Cetus. Thiscluster as a whole men call The Water, But others

low beneath the forefeet of the Archer (Centaur),*

turned in a circled ring,^ go wheeling round the sky.

Below the fiery sting of the dread monster, Scorpion,and near the South is hung the Altar/ Brief is the

space thou wilt behold it above the horizon : for it

rises over against Arcturus.^ High runs the path of

Arcturus, but sooner passes the Altar to the westernsea. But that Altar even beyond aught else hathancient Night, weeping the woe of men, set to be a

mighty sign of storm at sea. For ships in trouble

pain her heart, and other signs in other quarters she

kindles in sorrow for mariners, storm-buffeted at sea.

Wherefore I bid thee pray, when in the open sea,

that that constellation wrapt in clouds appear not

amidst the others in the heavens, herself uncloudedand resplendent but banked above with billowing

clouds, as often it is beset when the autumn winddrives them back. For often Night herself reveals

this sign, also, for the South Wind in her kindness to

toiling sailors. If they heed her favouring signs and

'' Ara, fabled to be the altar on which the gods sworewhen Zeus proceeded against Cronus :

" Inde Nepae {i.e.

Scorpion] cernes propter fulgentis acumen|Aram quam flatu

permulcet spiritus austri," Cic. Be nat. d. ii. 44. " Nevesinisterior pressam rota ducat ad Aram," Ovid, M. ii. 139.

^ i.e.f according to the interpretation of Hipparchus andAttains, the Altar is as far from the South Pole {v6tlos

irdXos, d(f)av7]s irdXos) as Arcturus is from the visible Pole

(6 del (pavepos irdXos). This, says Hipparchus, is not true, as

Arcturus is 59° from the North Pole, while a, the bright star

in the middle of the Altar, is only 46° from the South Pole

(Hipparch. i. 8. 14 f.).

413

ARATUS

atj/ra re Kovcfxi re Trdvra /cat dpria TroLijacovraiy

avTLK eXacjipOTepos TreAerat ttovos' el Se k€ vqt

vifjodev ip,7rXT]^rj Seivrj avepLOiô OveXXa

avTOJS a7Tp6(j)aros, Ta Se Aat^ca Trdvra rapd^r],

dXXore pL€v Koi TrdpuTrav VTro^pvx'Oi vavriXXovraiy 425

aAAoTC 8', at /ce Ato? irapavLGaopLevoio rvxc^crf'V

evxopiCVOLt popeoj Se Trapaarpdi/jr] dvepLOV ls,

TToAAo, jLtaA' orXi^davres opLOJs rrdXiv icrKei/javro

aAATJAofs e77t vr]L. vorov S' iirl a-qpiari rovrcp

SeiSiOL, p,€xp(' ôprjos diraaTpdipavrog iSrjaL. 430

et Se K€V ianepLTjs ftev aAos" kentatpoy drreir]

(Lpôs oaov TTporeprjs, oXiyrj Se pnv elXvoL dxXvsavTov, drdp pieromuOev eoiKora G-rjpiara revxoi

Nt)^ IttI TrapuâvocovrL QvrrjpLCp, ov ere pudXa XPVes" vorov dAA' evpoio TrepiaKOireeiv dvep,oco. 435

Aiêts S* darpov eKelvo hvcx) VTroKeipuevov dXXois'

rod ydp rot rd puev dvSpl eoiKora veioOi Kelrai

TtKopTTLOV, LTTTTOvpaia 8* VTTO GîoL XiÂat €;)ôvcrtj/.

avrdp 6 Se^Lreprjv atet ravvovri €olk€V

dvria hivcjjroio SvrrjpLOVf iv he ol drrpl^ 440

aAAo /LtaA' ea<f)'qKOjraL iXrjXdpLevov Bed X^^P^^0HPION* cus" ydp pLLV TTporepoL eire^ripLiâvro

.

« For the gen. after tb-qai cf. Aristoph. Frogs 815,* i.e. when the shoulder of the Centaur culminates

{fieaovpavet). Hipparch. i. 8. 19 if. complains that Aratusdoes not specify which shoulder, which is not a matter of in-

difference, as theywould not both culminate at the same time." Centaur, cf. " Propterque Centaurus, ' Cedit equi partes

properans subiungere Chelis. Hie dextram porgens, Quad-rupes qua vasta tenetur, Tendit et illustrem truculentuscedit ad Aram,' " Cic. De nat. d. ii. 44.

'^ Hipparch. i. 8. 21 f. says Aratus is wrong here, since

nearly the whole of the Centaur lies under Virgo, only his

right hand and the forelegs of the horse stretching belowthe Claws.

414

PHAENOMENA

quickly lighten their craft and set all in order, on a

sudden lo ! their task is easier : but if from on higha dread gust of wind smite their ship, all unforeseen,

and throw in turmoil all the sails, sometimes theymake their voyage all beneath the waves, but at

other times, if they win by their prayers Zeus to

their aid, and the might of the north wind pass in

lightning, after much toil they yet again see eachother on the ship. But at this sign fear the SouthWind, until thou see'st * the North Wind come with

lightning. But if the shoulder of Centaur is as far

from the western as from the eastern sea,^ and a

faint mist veils it, while behind Night kindles like

signs of storm upon the gleaming Altar, thou must not

look for the South, but bethink thee of an East Wind.The constellation of Centaur ^ thou wilt find

beneath two others. For part in human form lies

beneath Scorpio, but the rest, a horse's trunk andtail, are beneath the Claws.^ He ever seems to

stretch his right hand * towards the round Altar, but

through his hand is drawn and firmly grasped

another sign—the Beast,-^ for so men of old havenamed it.

" Hipparch. i. 8. 23 objects that between his right handand the x\ltar lies the whole of the Beast {Qrjpiov) and mostparts of the Scorpion ; cf. v. 402 f.

' Fera or the Wolf. Manilius i. 440 confuses the Beastwith the Cetus of Andromeda. The Centaur was representedas holding in his left a thyrsiis with a Hare hung upon it, in

his right a Therium, of what nature the ancients did not de-

fine; cf. Cic. Arat. 211 "Hie dextram porgens quadrupes quavasta tenetur

|

Quam nemo certo donavit nomine Graium.

"

Frequently the Beast is confused with the Hare, but in later

times it is generally known as the Wolf. Cf. [Eratosth.]

Catast. 40 ^x^' ^^ '^^^ ^^ '^'^^^ X^P'^'- "^^ Xeydfj.evov Qrfpiov . . .

Tcpes 8^ acTKbv (j>acnv avrb elvac otvov, i^ o5 cnrivdeL tol$ deois iirl rb

QvTTjpLov. ^x^' ^^ avTo iv TTJ de^ig, x^'P^> c'' ^^ ''"Vo^ptarepq, d6p<Tov.

415

1

ARATUS

'AAA* €TL yap T€ /cat aAAo Trepaiodev eXKerat

dcjrpov

'

'taphn jJLiv KaXiovcFL. TO Se t^coovri ioLKos

rjveK€s elXelrai' /cat ol K€(j)a\r) vtto fxeaGOV 445

Kap/ctVov LKvelrai, airelpri 8* vtto crajfia KeovroSy

ovpr) 8e KpefiaraL virep avrov Kêvravpoco.

[xecrarj 8e GTreiprj kphthp, Trv/JLarrj 8' em/cetrat

etScoAoV K0PAK02 (T7T€Lp7]V KOTTTOVTL €Ot/COS".

Kat pLTjv /cat npoKTHN AlSvjjlols vtto /caAa

âetVet. 450

Taura /ce ^Tyi^crato TrapepxofJLeucjv iviavrcov

iêirjs TTaXlvajpa' ra yap /cat TTovra /xaA* avrcos

ovpavcp €v ivdprjpev dydXpuara vvktos lovcttjs.

Ot 8* eTTtjLtt^ (xAAot TT€vr* darepes, ovSev ofioiOL,

TTavTodev elSwXcov 8i;o/cat8e/ca 8t^'€i;ovTat. 465

ou/c ay er* etV aAAous' o/odcov eTrtrc/c/xi^/aato

Keivovs rjxi' KeovraL' eVet Trdvres jxeravdorai,

fjuaKpol 8e G<j)€0}v elalv eXLorcrofJLevojv iviavrol,

fxaKpd 8e CTT^jLtara /cetrat dTTOTTpoOev els iv lovrojv.

ouS* ert dapGaXios k€lvojv iyco' dpKios etrjv 460

avrAavecov ra t€ /cu/cAa ra r' aWepi aT^/xar' ivLGTTelv.

^Hrot /xev ra ye /cetrat aAty/cta 8tva>Tot(Ttv

reGGapa, tcjv /ce pidXiGra ttoOtj 6(f>€X6s re yevoiro

« irepaiddep occurs four times in Aratus, here and 606, 645,720. In the last three cases it means " from the Easternhorizon." The schol. on the present passage says " either

from the East or from a quarter beyond and farther than theCentaur." ^ Crater, the Cup.

" Corvus, the Crow. Both these small constellations lie

on the back of Hydra.''' Procyon or Canis Minor.' The Fixed Stars. ' The Planets.s' The reference, as the scholiast says, is to the "great

Platonick yeere " (Herrick), the fieyas or rAeos ipiavros, when

416

PHAENOMENA

Another constellation trails beyond/ which mencall the Hydra. Like a living creature it windsafar its coiling form. Its head comes beneath themiddle of the Crab^ its coil beneath the body of theLion, and its tail hangs above the Centaur himself.

Midway on its coiling form is set the Crater,^ and at

the tip the figure of a Raven ^ that seems to peck at

the coil.

There, too, by the Hydra beneath the Twinsbrightly shines Procyon.*^

All these constellations thou canst mark as the

seasons pass, each returning at its appointed time

:

for all are unchangingly and firmly fixed* in the

heavens to be the ornaments of the passing night.

But of quite a different class are those five other

orbs,/ that intermingle with them and wheel wander-ing on every side of the twelve figures of the Zodiac.

No longer with the others as thy guide couldst thou

mark where lies the path of those, since all pursue

a shifty course, and long are the periods of their

revolution and far distant lies the goal of their con-

junction." When I come to them my daring fails,

but mine be the power to tell of the orbits of the

Fixed Stars and Signs in heaven.

These orbits '' lie like rings, four in number, chief

in interest and in profit, if thou wouldst mark the

there is a general reversion of nature to the position at the

beginning of the period, a so-called dTro/fardaracrts. Thenthe planets moving in different orbits and with different

speeds complete their orbits together (Plato, Timaeus 39).

* The four rings are the Great Circles of the Equator andthe Ecliptic and the smaller circles of the Tropic of Cancerand the Tropic of Capricorn. Thus in size the Equator is

equal to the Ecliptic, while the two Tropics are equal to one

another.

2e 417

ARATUS

fiirpa TTepiGKOiriovrL Karavojxivwv ivLavrcjv.

Grjixara 8' €V fzdXa ttoLgiv iTnpprjSrjv TrepiKeirai 465

TToAAct re /cat o^cSoêv Trdvrrj cruveepyixiva Ttdvra.

avroi 8* dirXavieg Kai dpripores aAATÂotortv

TTOLvres' drdp fierpo) ye 8i;60 Svglv dvriîpovraL,

Et TTore rot vvktos Kadaprjs, ore Trdvras

dyavovs

daripas dvOpwirois iTnSeLKVvrai ovpavlrj Nu^, 470

ovSe TL9 dSpaveojv (fyeperat îx6iir]vi oeX'qvrjy

dXXd rd ye KV€<f)aos StaâtVerat ofea rrrdvra—€L TTore roL rrnxoahe rrepl (f)pivas LKero Oavfia,

(jKeâpbivo) Trdvrrj KeKeaofxivov evpeC kvkXco

ovpavoVy '^ Kai rig rot iTncrrdg dXXos eSeiêv 475

K€ivo 7T€pLyXrjV€9 rpo')(aX6v, taaa jxiv KaXiovGLV

rep 8* riroi XP^^'^^ /^^^ dXiyKios ovKen kvkXos

Sivetrai, rd 8e puirpa roooi TTLcrvpcov irep eovrcov

ol hvo, rol 8e a(j)€0)V fxeya fxeloves elXiaaovrai.

Tcov o /xev iyyvdev earl KarepxopLevov ôpeao. 480

€V he ol diJL(l>6r€paL KeâXcyi AiSvfJiOJV (j)opeovraL,

ev Se re yovvara Keirai dprjporos 'Hvloxolo,

Xairj 8e kvyjiitj koX dpiurepos cofjuos ctt' avraj

Uepcreog, 'AvSpojLteST^s" 8e fJueGrjV dyKOJvog virepdev

SeîrepTjv eTreêt* ro fxev ol Oevap vifjodi Kelrai, 485

dcraorepov jSo/oeao, vorcp 8' eTTiKeKXtrai dyKOJVottXoX 8* "iTTTretot, /cat vrravx^vov Ôpvideiov

CLKpr] Gvv Ke(f)aXfj, /caAot r' *0(I)lovxôl co/xot,

avrov Sivevovrat eXrjXdfjievoL Trepl kvkXov

ri8' oXiyov (f)ep€rai, voricorepr], ov8* eiri^dXXeiy 490

Ylapdevos' aXXd Aecov /cat Kap/ctVos" ol jiev a/)'

dix(f)Oi

eêL7]g /cearat êÂi^êvot, avrdp 6 kvkXos

« Hipparch. i. 9, 1 ff. reads dirMries, i.e, without breadth,

418

PHAENOMENA

measures of the waning and the waxing of theSeasons. On all are set beacon lights, many in

number, all every way closely penned together.

The circles are immovable/ and fitted each to

other, but in size two are matched with two.

•If ever on a clear night, when Night in theheavens shows to men all her stars in their bright-

ness and no star is borne faintly gleaming at themid-month moon, but they all sharply pierce thedarkness—if in such an Tfiour wonder rises in thyheart to mark on every side the heaven cleft by abroad belt,*^ or if someone at thy side point out that

circle set with brilliants—that is what men call the

Milky Way. A match for it in colour thou wilt find

no circle wheel, but in size two of the four belts are

as large, but the other two are far inferior.

Of the lesser circles one " is nigh to Boreas at his

coming, and on it are borne both the heads of the

Twins and the knees of the stedfast Charioteer, andabove him are the left shoulder and shin of Perseus.*^

It crosses Andromeda's right arm above the elbow.*

Above it is set her palm, nearer the north, and south-

ward leans her elbow. The hoofs of the Horse, the

head and neck of the Bird/ and Ophiuchus' bright

shoulders ^ wheel along this circle in their course.

The Maiden ^ is borne a little to the South and does

not touch the Belt, but on it are the Lion and the

Crab. Thereon are they both established side by

which he defends against 5^ irXar^es, which was preferred byAttains.

^ The Galaxy or Milky Way. " Tropic of Cancer.^ Hipparch. i. 10 disputes these statements ; cf. i. 3.

« Hipparch. i. 10. 6.

f Hipparch. i. 10. 7. ^ Hipparch. i. 10. 9.

^ Virgo, cf. Hipparch. i. 10. 10.

419

ARATUS

rov fJb€V VTTO arrjOos kol yaaripa fxixpf' Trap' atSoi

r€fJLV€L, rov 8e 8l7]V€K€OJ£ VTTevepde x^XgLov

KâpKLVOVy rjxt' /xoAto-ra 8t;\;ato/xevov K€ vorjarais 495

opdov, Iv* ocfidaXpiol kvkXov iKarepOev toiev.

rov fjidu, oaov re fxaXiora, St' oKrcb fxerprjOevros^

7T€vr€ jjuev evSta arpe(j)€rai Kad* vrriprepa yaL7]s,

ra rpla 8' iv Trepdrrj' dipeos Se ol iv rpOTrau elaiv.

aXX* 6 fJL€V iv ôpew irepl K.apKi,vov iGrr^pLKrai. 500

"AAAos" 8' dvnocDvrv Porcp fxeorov AlyoKeprja

refjLvet /cat TrdSas" ^YSpoôov Acat Ki^Teos" ovp-qv

iv Se ot icrn Aayojos' drdp Kvvos ov pudXa ttoXXtjv

atVurat, oAA' ottogtjv e7r€;\;et ttocfLv iv Be ol

"kpyd),

/cat /xeya Kevrav/aoto pierdcjypevov , iv Se re Kevrpov 605

TiKopTTLOVf iv /cat Toôi^ ayauoi? Toêvrijpos.

rov TTVfJLarov Kadapolo Trapepxofxevos ôpeao

is vorov rjiXios (jyiperar rpeveraC ye puev avrov

Xeipiepios . /cat ot rpta piev TvepireXXerai vi/jov

rcjv OKrcjy rd Se Trevre KarwpvxoL Sivevovrai. 510

MeCTcro^t 8' djJLcfyorepojv, oggos ttoXvolo Td-Aa/CTOS",

yatav viToarpiêrai kvkXos Sixoo^vn ioLKOJS'

iv Se ot 7Jp,ara vv^lv to-aterat dp,(f)oreprjaLVy

(^divovros depeo9y rore S' e capos lara/jbevoLO.

orrjpua Se ot Kpto? Tavyooto re yovvara /cetrat, 515

Kpto? puev Kara p^rJKOs iXrjXdpievos 8 to, kvkXov,

Tavpov Se GKeXecov oggt] Trepiâiverai okXo^.

iv Se re ol t,a)vr] evêyyeos ^Q.picx)vos

« Hipparch. i. 3. 5ff., i. 9. 10.* Summer Solstice, the longest day, 23nd June.

" Tropic of Capricorn, Hipparch. i. 3. 31, i. 10. 16.^ Winter Solstice, the shortest day, 23nd December.

420

PHAENOMENA

side, but the circle cuts the Lion beneath breast andbelly lengthwise to the loins, and the Crab it cuts

clean through by the shell where thou canst see

him most clearly cut, as he stands upright with his

eyes on either . side of the Belt. The circle is

divided, as well as may be, into eight parts, whereoffive in the dajrtime wheel on high above the earth

and three beneath the horizon." In it is the Turn-ing-point of the Sun in summer.* This circle is set

round the Crab in the North.

But there is another circle*' to match in the

South. It cuts through the middle of Aegoceros,

the feet of Hydrochoiis, and the tail of the sea-

monster, Cetus, and on it is the Hare. It claims nogreat share of the Dog, but only the space that heoccupies with his feet. In it is Argo and the mightyback of the Centaur, the sting of Scorpio, and the

Bow of the bright Archer, This circle the sun

passes last as he is southward borne from the bright

north, and here is the Turning-point of the sun in

winter.^ *Three parts of eight of his course are

above and five below the horizon.

Between the Tropics a Belt,* peer of the grey

Milky Way, undergirds the earth and with imaginary

line bisects the sphere. In it the days are equal to

the nights/ both at the waning of the summer and

the waxing of the spring. The sign appointed for it

is the Ram^ and the knees of the Bull—the Rambeing borne lengthwise through it, but of the Bull

just the visible bend of the knees. In it are the

Belt of the well-starred Orion and the coil of the

« The kijkXos larjfxepLvds or Equator, a Great Circle like the

Milky Way.f Spring and Autumn Equinoxes, Hipparch. i. 9. 9.

9 Hipparch. i. 10. 18 ff.

421

ARATUS

KafiTTij T aWofievT]? *'Y8pr}S' ivi ol /cat iXacfypos

KprjT'qp, iv §€ Kopaf, evt 8* darepes ov fidXa

TToXXol 520

XTÂacai^* iv rep 3* 'O^toupêa yovva ôpetrat.

ou /XT^v Altjtov dirafjieipcTat, dXXd ol eyyvs

'Lrfvos d7]T€trai fxiyas dyyeXos. rj Se /car* avrov

ImTeir] K€(j>aXr] koX VTravx^vov clXCaaovTaL.

Tovs fiev napPoXdSrjv opdovs 7re/)tj3aAA€Tat

dôjv 525

pLeaaodi Trdvras eôjy d 8e rirparos €a(j>rjK(x)TaL

Xoôs eV dpL(f)orepois, ol fxiv p eKarcpdcv exovortv

dvTLTreprjV rpoTTLKol, fieaaos Se i ficorGodL repuvei.

ov K€V *Ad7]vaL7]9 X€t/oaiv SeStSay/xevos" dvrjp

aiXXr] KoXXijaaiTO KvXivB6p,€va rpoxdXeia 530

roid re /cat roaa Trdvra 7T€pLG<l)aLpr)S6v iXioracov,

COS" rd y ivatdepia TrXaylo) ovvaprjpora kvkXco

ef 'r]ovs iiTL vvKra Stco/cerat rjpLara irdvTa.

/cat TO- pikv dvreXXei koX ainiKa veioOi 8w6tTrdvra 7Tapa^Xi]SrjV pula Se aêcov iarly eKdarov 535

eêtT^S" iKdrepOe KarrjXvalr] r' avoSds" re.

avrdp 6 y wKeavov roacrov vrapa/xetêrat vScop,

OGGOV dir* AlyoKeprjos dvepxopuevoLO pLdXtara

Ka/o/ctVov ets" dviovra /cuAtVSeraf ogoov dTrdvrr]

dvreXXcov iirexei, roaaov ye pêv dXXoOi 8vva)v. 540

oaaov 8' oc/idaXpLOLO ôXrjs dirorep^veTai avyrfy

efa/cts" dv toggt) pav VTToSpdpuoi. avrdp eKdarr]

LGT) pLerprjOelaa hvcj rrepirepiverai dorpa.ZcotStov he e kvkXov em/cAr^crtv KaXeovGW.

** Or " is blown"; dr^Tetrat is Ht. Xey., see v. 315.^ Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, and tlie Equator." Ecliptic, kvkXos Xoôs, circulus obliquus, the apparent path

of the Sun in the heavens.

422

PHAENOMENA

gleaming Hydra : in it^ too, the dim-lit Crater andthe Crow and the scanty-starred Claws and theknees of Ophiuchus are borne. But it has no sharein the Eagle, but near it flies <* the mighty messengerof Zeus. Facing the Eagle wheel the head andneck of the Horse.

These three Belts ^ are parallel, and at right angles

to the Axis which they surround and which is thecentre of them all, but the fourth*' aslant is fixed

athwart the Tropics : they on opposite sides of theEquator support it at either limit, but the Equatorbisects it. Not otherwise would a man skilled in

the handicraft of Athena join the whirling Belts,

wheeling them all around, so many and so great like

rings, just as the Belts in the heavens, clasped bythe transverse circle, hasten from dawn to night

throughout all time. The three Belts ^ rise and set

all parallel but ever single and the same is the point

where in due order each rises or sets at East or West.But the fourth circle passes over as much water of

ocean ^ as rolls between the rising of Aegoceros, andthe rising of the Crab : as much as it occupies in

rising, so much it occupies in setting. As long as is

the ray cast to heaven from the glance of the eye, six

times as long a line would subtend this Belt. Eachray, measured of equal length, intercepts two constel-

lations.^ This circle is called the Belt of the Zodiac.

'^ Hipparch. 11. 1. 17.

« The distance between the point of the horizon (ocean)

where the Sun rises at Mid-Winter and the point where herises at Mid-Summer.

/ Each side of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle Is

equal to the radius of the circle (Euclid Iv. 15). If the

earth be regarded as the centre of the celestial sphere, the

ray cast from the eye of the observer to the vault of heaven

4*23

ARATUS

To) €VL KapKLVOS €0-Tt, AcCOV S' CTTt To), /Cttt V7T

avrov 545

Hap^cVos" at S* 677-t ot XTjAat /cat TtKopTrlos avros,

ToêvTT^s T€ Koi AlyoKepojs, iirl 8' Atyo/cepTjl*

*YSpoxoos" hvo 8* auTov utt* 'I;\;ûe? aoTepooivrar

rovs 8e /xera Kptos", Tavpos 8* em to) Al8vfjLOLT€.

iv roLS rjeXios êperat 8i;o/<:at8eAca TraGiv ^^TrdvT eviavrov d'ycov, /cat ot Tre/ot rourov tovrt

kvkXov aeôvrai Tracrat eirLKapTnoL ajpai.

Tov 8' oodov kolXolo Kar WKeavoZo Bvrjrai,

Toaorov virep yair^s êperat* Trdcrr^ 8' €7rt vu/crt

ef atet 8wot>ort 8i>aj8€/<:a8€S' /cu/cAoto, 555

Tocrcjat 8' avreAAoucrt. roorov 8' 67rt fxrJKOs eKdarr]

vv^ at€t reravf(jrat, octoi^ re Trep thjllgv kvkXov

dpxo/Jbevrjs oltto vvktos deiperai vijjoOi yaiiqs.

Ov K€v aTTOpXrjTov SeSoKrjfJLevo) TJfiaros etrj

fjLOLpdojv crKeTrreadaL or* dvriXXrjaLV eKdarr]- 560

at€t yap rdcov ye pufj avvavepxerai avros

rjeXios. rag 8' dv k€ TrepiGKeipaLO pudXiara

et? auras' opoojv drdp el veêeaoi pbeXaivai

yivoivr t) opeos Ace/c/ou/x/xeVat dvreXXoLeVy

o-rj/xar' i7T€pxop.€vr)GLV dprjpora TTOirjaaodai. 565

avTos 8' dv pidXa rot Kepdcov eKdrepde SlSolt]

*Q.K€av6s, rd re TToXXd 7repLGrpe<f)eraL eol avrwy

veiodev oTTTTTJpôs Keivojv (J)operjaLV eKdarrjv.

Ov ol d<f)avp6raroL, ore KAPKIN02 avTeAArycrtv,

darepes dpiôrepo)dev eXtcraopêyoL TrepLKeivrai, 570

is the radius of the sphere, and six lines of that length will

give the inscribed regular hexagon. Each of those sideswill subtend an arc of the sphere containing two signs of theZodiac. Bisect each side, and each half side will correspondto one sign. This method of describing the Zodiac is what

424

PHAENOMENA

In it is the Crab ; after the Crab the Lion andbeneath him the Maiden ; after the Maiden theClaws and the Scorpion himself and the Archer andAegoceros, and after Aegoceros Hydrochoiis. Be-neath him are enstarred the Two Fishes and after

them the Ram and next the Bull and the Twins. In

them, twelve in all, has the sun his course as heleads on the whole year, and as he fares around this

belt, all the fruitful seasons have their growth.

Half this Belt is set below the hollow of the

horizon, and half is above the earth. Every night

six constellations of this circle's twelve set and as

many rise ; as long is each night ever stretched as

half the belt rises above the earth from the fall of

night."

Not useless were it for one who seeks for signs of

coming day to mark when each sign of the Zodiac

rises. For ever with one of them the sun himself

rises. One could best search out those constellations

by looking on themselves, but if they be dark with

clouds or rise hidden behind a hill, get thee fixed

signs for their coming. Ocean himself will give thee

signs at either horn—the East or the West—in the

many constellations that wheel about him, whenfrom below he sends forth each rising sign.

Not very faint are the wheeling constellations that

are set about Ocean at East or West, when the Crab

Vergil refers to in Ed. iii. 40 fF. "In medio duo signa,

Conon et—quis fuit alter Descripsit radio totum qui gentibus

orbera, Tempora quae messor, quae curvus arator haberet ?"

Our " ray " is, of course, derived from radius.« The Zodiac is a Great Circle and therefore is bisected

by any other Great Circle, e.g. the horizon. Now day lasts

while the Sun is above the horizon. When the Sun is

setting a half circle of the Zodiac has risen since his rising,

i.e. six zodiacal signs.

425

ARATUS

rol fjb€V SvvovT€9, Tol 8' i^ €T€pr)s aviovreg.

Svv€L fji€v Ttreâvos, Svvei Se Kara pdxi'V 'Ix^^S*.

rjiJLLav fxiv k€V lSolo fxeriôpov, 'q[XLoru 8' tJBt]

iaxct-Tial ^dXXovoL KarepxofJLevov YiTC^dvoio.

avrdp 6 y iômdev rerpafifidvos ctAAa fxev ovtto) 575

yaaripL veiaiprj, rd S' vireprepa vvktI ôpelTai.

rov Se Kal els wfiovs Kardyei fioyepov Ô(f)iovxov

KapKLVOs €K yovdrojv, Kardyei 8' "0<f)LV avx^vos

iyyvs.

ovS* dv er ÂpKTO(j)vXa^ elif] ttoXvs dpi<j)OTepcx)d€V,

fjuelcjv Tj/jbdrLos, to 8' iirl irXiov evvvxos rjSr). 680

rerpaai yap pLoipais dpuvSLS Kanovra Bocuri^v

^Q,K€av6s S€X€TaL' 6 8* iTTTjv ^deos KopearjraL,

pOvXvrCp i7T€X€C TtXclOV SlXO, VUKTOS loV(77]9,

"qfios or TjeXiOLO KarepxofMevoLO SvrjraL.

Keivai ol Kal vvKreg in* oipe Svovri Xiyovrai. 535j

COS" ol fiev SvvovGLV, 6 8' dvTLOs, ovSev aet/cT^s",

aXX* €v jjuev ^(i)vrj, ev 8' dfJL(f)OT€poLGL (j)a€iv6s

cjfJLOis* 'O-pLCov, îij)€6s ye puev l(j)L tt^ttoiOcjs,

Trdvra (j>ipcxiv nora/xdv, Kepaos TrapareiveraL dXXov.

^^pXOfJievcp Se AEONTI rd jxev Kara Trdvra

(f)€povraL 590

Kap/ctVco oGa* iSvovro, Kal Ateros". avrdp 6 ye

« i.e. facing the East; or reversed, i.e. standing upon his

head, cf. 620 (Hipparch. ii. 16), 669. Hence in later timeshe is also debs ns KardK^cpaXa Kei/ievos. The peculiarity of his

rising feet-foremost and setting head-foremost (Hygin, Astr.iii. 5 " Hie occidens capite prius quam reliquo corpore devenitad terram ; qui cum totus occidit ut pendere pedibusex Arctico circulo videatur, exoriens ante pedibus quamrehquis membris ") is referred to by Manilius v. 645 ff. Hewho is born under this constellation—" Nixa genu species et

426

PHAENOMENA

rises, some setting in the West and others rising in

the East. The Crown sets and the Southern Fish as

far as its back. Half the setting Crown is visible in

the sky but half already sinks beneath the verge.

Of Engonasin, backward turned/ the waist is still

visible but his upper parts are borne in night. Therise of the Crab brings down from knee to shoulderthe wretched Ophiuchus and Ophis to the neck. Nolonger great on both sides of the horizon is Arcto-phylax but only the lesser portion is visible, while thegreater part is wrapt in night. For with four signs ^

of the Zodiac Bootes sets and is received in thebosom of ocean ; and when he is sated with thelight he takes till past midnight in the loosing of

his oxen/ in the season when he sets with the sink-

ing sun. Those nights are named after his late

setting. So these stars are setting, but another,

facing them, no dim star, even Orion with glittering

belt and shilling shoulders and trusting in the mightof his sword, and bringing all the River,^ rises fromthe other horn, the East.

At the coming of the Lion those constellations

wholly set, which were setting when the Crab rose,

and with them sets the Eagle. But the Phantom

Graio nomine dicta Engonasi (ignota facies sub origine

constat) "—will be plotter and a footpad, or—a tight-rope

walker: " Et si forte aliquas animis exsurget in artes|In

praerupta dabit studium vendetque pericloIIngenium. Ac

tenues ausus sine limite grassus|Certa per extentos ponet

vestigia funes, At caeli meditatus iter vestigia perdet|

Paene sua et pendens populum suspendet ab ipso."* Hipparch. ii. 19.

" Bootes takes a long time to set because he sets in aperpendicular position, while he rises quickly (608) because

he is in a horizontal position (Hipparch. ii. 17 fF.).

^ Eridanus.

427

600

ARATUS

TJfJLevos oAAa fxev rjBrj, arap yovv /cat TToSa Xaiov

OV7TO) KVfJLalvOVTOS V7rO(TTp€<f)€L d)K€aVOLO.

avriXXet 8* "YSprjs K€(f)aX^ X'^P^'^^^ '^^ Aaycoo?

Kol YipoKVcxjv TTporepoi r€ TroBes Kvvos aWofievoLO. 595

Ov pL€V OrjV oXiyovs yairjs vtto velara ôAAet

nAP0ENO5 dvreXXovaa. Avprj rore KyXX-qvairj

/cat AeA^ts" SvvovarL /cat evTTolrjTog 'Otcrros"

crvv TOtS" "Opvidos TTpojTa TTrepa /xeaâ Trap' avrrjv

ovpTjv /cat ITorajLtoto TraprjooLai aKiocuvrai'

hvv€L 8' îTTTTGLr) /ccâAiJ, Sw€t 8e /cat au;)^')^^.

avTcAAet 8* "YSprj [X€V eVt TrXiov ax/ot 77ap' aurov

J^TjTTJpa, ^ddpuevos 8e Kvcov 77o8as' atVvrat aAAouff,

cXkCOV iÔTTidcV TTpVfJUVTjV 7roXvT€Lp€09 ^KpyOVS

.

7) Be deei yairjs Icrrov 8t;\;dcocra /car' aurov, 605

tlapdevos rjfios diracra Trepaiodev dpri yevit)Tai.

OvB^ dv eTTepxppievai XHAAI, /cat AeTrra (jidovaaiy

d(f)paGroL 7Tapioi€v, evret /xeya orjixa BocoTTys"

ddpoos dvreXXei PeôX'qpiivos *ApKrovfOio.

'Apycu 8' €U"*- fidXa Trdaa jjLerrjopo? eaaerai tJBtj' 610

aAA* "T8/3T7, Ke^vrai yap iv ovpavo) rjXiOa ttoXXtJ,

ovpijs dv BevoLTO. fJLOvrjv 8* iirl XiÂat dyovaiv^

BeîTeprjv KvripLiqv avrrjs imyovvLBos dxpis

at€t Vvv^y atet Bk Avprj 7rapa7T€7TrrjdjTO£, 616

dvTLva TOVTOV d'Carov VTTOvpaviojv elBcoXcov

d[Ji(f)6x€pov Bvvovra /cat ef ireprjs dviovra

TToXXaKis avTOvvx^l d-qevpêOa. rod pukv dp" oltj

KV'qp,rj avv XiÂ^crt <j>aeiv€rai dp,(f>OT€pr]aLV'

avTOS 8' €£ K€<f)aXrjv en ttov rerpapLpîvos dXXj] 620

TiKopTTLOV dvreXXovra puevei /cat pvropa Toôv1 e5 Hipparch. cod. L ii. 2. 42. Cf. Cic. ^ra^. 396

*• Totaque iam supera fulgens prolabitur Arg-o " ; German,617 "Celsaque puppis habet"; Avien. 1133 "iam celso

Thessala puppis Aethere subvehitur" ; ov ACM and schol.

428

PHAENOMENA

On His Knees sinks all save knee and left foot

beneath the stormy ocean. Up rises the Hydra'shead and the bright-eyed Hare and Proeyon andthe forefeet of the flaming Dog.

Not few, either, are the constellations which theMaiden at her rising sends beneath the verge ofearth. Then set the Cyllenian Lyre, the Dolphinand the shapely Arrow. With them the wing-tips

of the Bird« up to her very tail and the farthest

reaches of the River are overshadowed. The head ofthe Horse ^ sets, sets too his neck. The Hydra rises

higher as far as Crater, and before her the Dog brings

up his hind feet, dragging behind him the stern of

Argo of many stars. And she rises above the earth,

cleft right at the mast, just when the whole of theMaiden has risen.

Nor can the rising Claws, though faintly shining,

pass unremarked, when at a bound '^ the mighty sign

of Bootes risec, jewelled with Arcturus.^ Aloft is

risen all of Argo, but the Hydra, shed as she is afar

over the heavens, will lack her tail. The Claws bring

only the right leg as far as the thigh of that Phantomthat is ever On his Knees, ever crouching by the Lyre—that Phantom, unknown among the figures of the

heavens, whom we often see both rise and set on the

selfsame night. Of him only the leg is visible at the

rising of both the Claws : he himself head-down-ward' on the other side awaits the rising Scorpion

and the Drawer of the Bow./ For they bring him :

* Cygnus. ^ Pegasus. '^ See 585 n,^ The brightest star in Bootes (a Bootis).

« Cf. 575. ' Sagittarius.

* 613 deivdv ed>e<yTrjQT '0<piovx^o. ' rov fjukv ^Tretra A ; cm.CM.

429

ARATUS

ol yap jJLLV (j)Opiov(TLV y 6 /mev fjueaov oAAa re Trdvra,

;^€t/3a Se ol (jKairjv K€<j)aX'qv 6^ dfia Toôv dyLveX.

aAA* o fjbev a)s Tpix^ Trdvra KarafjieXc'Cari (jiopelrai '

TJfJLicrv Se Hre(f)dvoLO Kal avrrjv €(r)(CLrov ovprjv 625

"Kevravpov (f>opiovGiv dv€pxopi€vai en XiÂat.

TTJixos dTTOLXOfJievrjV K€(f)aXr}V /xera Sverai "Ittttos",

/cat TTporepov "OpviBos e^cA/cerat €gxoltos ovpiq.

8vv€L S' ÂvSpofjLdSrjs K€(j)akrj' ro Se ol jxeya Set/xa

KT^reos" rjepoeis iirdyei voros' dvria 8' auros" 630

K.r)(l)€vs eK popio) jjueydXr) dvd x^^P'' KeXevei.

Kal TO [xev is XocjyirjV rerpafjufievov dxpi 'nap avrrjv

8vv€i, drdp K.r]<f)€vs K€<f>aXij /cat X^tpt /cat (vpLO).

KajLtTrat S' dv 11ora/xo to /cat avTiK eTvepxopiivoio

SKOPniOT ipbTTLTTTOLev ivppoov WKeavoZo' 635

OS /cat iTTepxdfievos (f)oPe€L puiyav ^Qplajva.

"AprefJLLS IXtJkol' TrporipcDV XoyoSy ot jjllv €<f)avTO

iXKrjaai TrcTrAoto, Xta> ore OiqpLa Trdvra

Kaprepos ^QpLOJV ariâpfj iTreKOTrre Kopvvrjj

drjprjs dpvvfjL€Vos Keivco x^P^^ Olvoirioivi. 540

7] Si ol iâvrrjs iirereiXaro drjplov dXXo,

vqcrov dvapprjâoa fjuioas eKdrepde KoXojvas,

YiKopTTioVy OS pd fJLLV ovTa Kal e/crave ttoAAov iovra

TrXeiorepos Trpocfyavets, irrel "Aprefiiv rJKax€V avr'qv.

TOVV€Ka Srj Kal âcrt TrepaioBev ipxofiivoLO 645

YiKopiTiov ^Qplcova TTepl xôvos eaxara <j)evyeLV.

ouSe piivy *Av8pofjLi8r]s Kal K.t]T€os 000* iXiXenrrOy

Kelvov ir dvriXXovros dTrevOies, aAA' apa /cat rot

Travovhirj (j)€vyov(nv. 6 Be ^covj) rore K.r](f)€vs

yaXav iiri^veiy rd fiev is K€(f)aXr)v fidXa Trdvra 650

pdTTTcov coKeavoLOy rd 8* ov Bipus, aXXd rd yavraX

"ApKrot KOjXvovaiy TToSas Kal yovva Kal l^vv.

430

PHAENOMENA

Scorpion brings his waist and all aforesaid ; the Bowhis left hand and head. Even so in three portions is

he all brought up piecemeal above the horizon.

Half the Crown and the tip of the Centaur's tail are

upraised with the rising Claws. Then is the Horsesetting after his vanished head, and dragged belowis the tail-tip of the Bird/ already set. The head ofAndromeda is setting and against her is brought bythe misty South the mighty terror, Cetus, but over

against him in the North Cepheus with mighty handupraised warns him back. Cetus, neck downward,sets to his neck, and Cepheus with head and handand shoulder.

The winding River ^ will straightway sink in fair

flowing ocean at the coming of Scorpion, whoserising puts to flight even the mighty Orion. Th}'^

pardon, Artemis, we crave ! There is a tale told bythe men of old, who said that stout Orion laid handsupon her robe, what time in Chios he was smiting

yith his strong club all manner of beasts, as a service

of the hunt to that King Oenopion. But she forth-

with rent in twain the surrounding hills of the

island and roused against him another kind of beast

—even the Scorpion, who proving mightier woundedhim, mighty though he was, and slew him, for that

he had vexed Artemis. Wherefore, too, men say

that at the rising of the Scorpion in the East Orion

flees at the Western verge. Nor does what was left

of Andromeda and of Cetus fail to mark his rise but

in full career they too flee. In that hour the belt of

Cepheus grazes earth as he dips his upper parts in

the sea, but the rest he may not— his feet and knees

and loins, for the Bears themselves forbid. The

" Cygnus. * Eridanus.

431

ARATUS

'q Se /cat avrr) TraiSos cTretyerat ctSdSAoto

SclXt) K.a(jGL€7T€La. TO, S' ovK€TL ol Kara Koafiov

(f)aiv€Tai €K hi<f)poLo, TrdSes* kol yovvaO* VTrepdcv, 655

aAA 7] y €s K€<paArjv icrq over apvevrrjpL

fjL€LpofjL€vr) yovdrcDV, CTret ovk ap* e/xeAAev eKeivr)

AajplSi Kal HavoTTT) pLeydXojv drep larojcraardaL.

Tj iikv dp^ els ireprjv <j>€p€rai' rd Se veiodev d'AAa

ovpavos dvTL<j)ep€i, Srctâvoto re Sevrepa KVKXa 660

"YSprjs r iaxcLTi'qv, (fyopeei r em K.€vravpoLo

acjfid re Kal Ke<f)aXriv Kal SrjpLOV 6 p evl X€tpt

heîrepfj Jêvravpos e^êt. rol 8' au^t jxivovGiv

roôv eirepxopievov rrporepoi TToSes iTTTTora Q^rjpos.

Toô) Kal GTTeLprj "O^tos" Kal aojfi Ô(f)(,ovxov 665

dvreXXeL eTnovri' Kaprjara 8' avros dyiveZ

YiKOpTTios dvreXXojv, dvdyei 8' auras' Ô(j)io-uxov

XeTpag Kal irporeprjv "0(j)Log voXvretpeos dyijv.^

rov ye jjuev 'Eyyovacrtv, vepl yap rerpajjL/JLevos alel

dvreXXet, rore jJLev irepdrr]? iêpxerat dXXa, 670

yvld re Kal t,cx)vr] kol arrjOea rrdvra Kal Sfios \

Se^Lrepfj avv X^^P^' '<^PV^* ^repTys' puerd ;\;€tpos'

Tdôj dvipxovrai Kal toeothi dvreXXovri.

avv rols 'Ep/xatT^ re Avpr] Kal anÔeog dxpis

K.r]êvs Tjcpov irapeXavverai cu/ceavoto, 675

rjpLos Kal pbeydXoLO Kvvos Trdaai djxapvyal

SvvovGLV, Kal Trdvra Karepxerat ^Qpiajvos,

Trdvra ye fjurjv dreXeara SLWKOfjievoLO Aaycoov.

aAA' ovx 'Hvtd;â) "^pi(f)oi ouS' ^QXevlrj Atêv9v9 drrepx^vrar rd Se ol pLeydXr^v dvd X^^P^ 680

^ dyriv (with v erased) M ; aiyriv AC.

** Andromeda.* Nereids, whom Cassiepeia offended by vying with them

in beauty.

432

PHAENOMENA

hapless Cassiepeia herself too hastes after the figure

of her child.* No longer in seemly wise does sheshine upon her throne, feet and knees withal, butshe headlong plunges like a diver, parted at theknees ; for not scatheless was she to rival Doris andPanope.^ So she is borne towards the West, butother signs in tlie East the vault of heaven brings

from below, the remaining half of the Crown" andthe tail of the Hydra, and uplifts the body and headof the Centaur and the Beast that the Centaur holds

in his right hand. But the fore-feet of the Centaur-

Knight ^ await the rising of the Bow.At the coming of the Bow up rises the coil of the

Serpent and the body of Ophiuchus. Their headsthe rising of the Scorpion himself brings and raises

even the hands of Ophiuchus and the foremost coil

of the star-bespangled Serpent. Then emerge frombelow some parts of Engonasin, who ever rises feet-

foremost,* to wit, his legs, waist, all his breast, his

shoulder with his right hand ; but his other handand his head arise with the rising Bow and the

Archer. With them the Lyre of Hermes andCepheus to his breast drive up from the Eastern

Ocean, what time all the rays of the mighty Dogare sinking and all of Orion setting, yea, all the

Hare, which the Dog pursues in an unending race.

But not yet depart the Kids of the Charioteer andthe Arm-borne (Olenian) Goat/; by his great hand

" i.e. of Corona Borealis (cf. 625), as Hipparchus, whoagrees with the statement, interprets rb Xonrbv rod ZT€<pdvov.

Grotius wrongly supposed the words to mean Corona Aus-tralis—which was unknown to Aratus under that name.See 401 n.

^ ^-fjp of the Centaur, as in Find. P. iv. 119, ill. 6, etc.

« Cf. 620 n. f Cf. 164 n.

2f ^SS

ARATUS

XdfJLTTOvraiy /cat ol /xeAeW hiaK€Kpirai aAAcov

KLvrjaai ;)^€t/xaivas' or* rjeXicp avviojcrLV.

'AAAa ra jjiev, K€<j)aXriv re /cat aXXrjv X^^P^ '^^^

AiroKEPns dvLCJv /carayet* ra Se vetara Trdvra

avTcp To^€VTrjpL Kar€px€raL. ovSe n Uepcrevg 685

oi5Se TL OLKpa Kopvpuâ /xeVet TToXvreipeos Âpyovs •

aAA' tJtol Hepaevs fxev drep yovvos re 770809 t€

Seûrepov Suerat, TTpvpLvqs S' oo-ov e? Treptayi^v

auri) 8* AlyoK€p7J'C Karipx^rai dvreXXovTLy

Tjixos /cat npo/cua)^ Suerat, ra 8* dvepx^rat-aXXa, 690

'*Opvt,s T Alrjrog re rd re Trrepoevros Ô'Carov

reipea koX vorioio Svrrjpiov lepo^ eSpr],

''Ittttos 8' *TAPOXOOlo veov TTepLreXXojjLevoio

TTOcrcrL re /cat K€<j)aX7J dveXiaorerai' dvria 8' "Irnrov

i^ ovpfjs "Kevravpov eêA/cerat dareplrj Nv^. 695

aAA ov ot ouiârat KecpaArjv ovo evpeas wpuovs

avrcp cruv 6a)p7]KL %a8etv. aAA* aWoirog ''ICSprjs

avx^VLTjV Kardyei (JTreLprjv /cat rrdvra pLercuTra.

7j Se /cat eÔTTidev ttoXXtj pLevec aAA' apa /cat ^71^

avrcp ¥ievravpq), OTTor* IX0YE2 avTeAAa)0"tv, 700

dOpoov epi,<f>eperai . 6 8* €77' 'I;^;^!;^!^ epxerai *lxOvs

aura) Kvaveco vrroKeipLevos AlyoKeprji,

ov puev dSrjv, oXtyov Se 8i;6t;8e/ca8' dpupbevei dXXrjv.

ovrcx) /cat pioyepal x^^P^^ ^^^ yowa /cat co/zot

'AvSpopieSrjg St;)â rrdvra, rd pcev rrdpos, aAAa 8'

OTTLGaCJ, 7Q5reiverai, ojKeavolo veov oirore TTpoyevcovrac

ÎxOveg dpucfiorepOL. rd puev ol Kard Se^td X^^P^âvrol ecjiiXKOvraiy rd 8' dpicrrepd veioBev cA/cct

KPI02 dvepxopievos . rod koI TrepireXXopbevoio

icrrrepodev Kev t8oto SvrrjpLov avrdp ev dXXr) 710

434

PHAENOMENA

they shine, and are eminent beyond all his other

limbs in raising storms, when they fare -with thesun.

His head, hand and waist set at the rising of

Aegoceros ": from waist to foot he sets at the rising

of the Archer. Nor do Perseus and the end of the

stern of jewelled Argo remain on high, but Perseus

sets all save his knee and right foot and Argo is gonesave her curved stern. She sinks wholly at the

rising of Aegoceros, when Procyon sets too, and there

rise the Bird^ and the Eagle and the gems of the

winged Arrow and the sacred Altar, that is estab-

lished in the South.

When Hydrochoiis*' is just risen, up wheel the

feet and head of the Horse. But opposite the

Horse starry Night draws the Centaur, tail-first,

beneath the horizon, but cannot yet engulf his headan4 his broad shoulders, breast and all. But she

sinks beneath the verge the coiling neck and all the

brow of the gleaming Hydra. Yet many a coil of

the Hydra remains, but Night engulfs her wholly

with the Centaur, when the Fishes rise ; with the

Fishes the Fish^ which is placed beneath azure

Aegoceros rises—not completely but part awaits

another sign of the Zodiac. So the weary hands

and knees and shoulders of Andromeda are parted

—stretched some below and others above the

horizon, when the Two Fishes are newly risen from

the ocean. Her right side the Fishes bring, but

the left the rising. Ram.« When the latter rises,

the Altar is seen setting in the West, while in the

• Capricorn. * Cygnus. " Aquarius.^ The Southern Fish, Piscis AustralTs.

« Aries.

435

ARATUS

Hepareo^ dvrdXXovros oaov KeâXriv re koX cj/xovs,

AvTT) 8e ^(OVT) /cat k* a/x^Ty/otcrra TreXoiro

7] KpLO) Xt^yovrL <f>a€LV€TaL rj em TAYPni,

crvv Tch TTavavhirj aveAtcrcrerat. ouS* o yc TaupouAetTTcrat di^rcAAovTos", CTrct )LtaAa ot cruvapiqpojs 715

*Hj/to;ôj <f)eperar fiOLprj ye fxev ovk €ttI' ravrrj

adpoos avreXXei, At8u/xot he /jllv ovXov ayovcnv.

aXX "Eptôt XaLOV re Oevap 770809 Atyt cruv avrfj

Tavpcp arvficfyopeovTai, ore Xoît] re koX ovprj

Kfqreos aWepioio irepaiodev avreXXcjaiv

.

720

hvvei S* *ApKTO(/)vXa^ tJSt] irpcorr) rore fJiolprj

rdcjVy at rridvpes puiv drep ;\;€t/30S' Kardyovoiv

Xairjs' 7)8' avTcp fieydXr) VTroreXXerai "ApKrcp.

'A/x^drepot 8e TroSes KaraSvofjuevov 'O^tou;\ôu,

jLt€or<^' avTCJV yovoLTOiV, AIATMOI2 CTTt OTy/xa rervxOco 725

e^ erepjjg olvlovgl. tot ovKen Kt^tcos" ou8ev

cA/cerat dfJL(f)orepa)dev, oXov Se /xtv oi/jeat tJSt].

17817 /cat rioTa/xoi; 7rpo)rr]v aXos eâviovaav

dyrjv ev KaOapco ireXdyei GKeipatro Ke vavrrjs,

avTov 677* ^QpLCDva fievwVy el ol ttoOl arj/jua 730

7] VVKTOS fJLerpojv rje ttXoov dyyelXeiev.

irdpTTj yap rd ye TroAAa êot dvSpeGGL Xeyovaiv.

Aio- Ovx opdas; oXlyr) jxev orav Kepdeacn oreXT^vr]

2HMIAI eoTTrepodev (fyalvrjraL, deô/JuevoLO 8t8aa/c€t

pLiqvos- ore Trpwrr] dTTOKthvarai avrodev avyq, 735

OGGOV eiTiGKideiv, eTTL rerparov rjfxap lovaa'

o/crco 8' ev Sixdo-ei' Sixofjirjva 8e Travrl TrpoGOJTrcp, 6

* Taurus. * Gemini." Cf. 581. 'iÊridanus.

436

PHAENOMENA

East may be seen rising as much as the head andshoulders of Perseus.

As to his belt itself disputed might it be whether it

rises as the Ram ceases to rise or at the rising of theBull/ with whom he rises wholly. Nor lags behindthe Charioteer at the rising of the Bull, for close are

set their courses. But not with that sign does he rise

completely, but the Twins ^ bring him wholly up.

The Kids and the sole of the Charioteer's left foot

and the Goat herself journey with the Bull, whattime the neck and tail of Cetus, leviathan of the

sky, rise from below. Now Arctophylax is begin-

ning to set with the first of those four '^ constella-

tions of the Zodiac that see him sink wholly, save

his never setting left hand that rises by the GreatBear.

Let Ophiuchus setting from both feet even to his

knees be a sign of the rising of the Twins in the

East. Then no longer is aught of Cetus beneaththe verge, but thou shalt see him all. Then, too, can

the sailor on the open sea mark the first bend of the

River ^ rising from the deep, as he watches for Orion

himself to see if he might give him any hint of the

measure of the night or of his voyage. For on every

hand signs in multitude do the gods reveal to man.

Markest thou not ? Whenever the Moon with weathe:

slender horns shines forth in the West, she tells of a^^<^^'^

new month beginning : when first her rays are shed

abroad just enough to cast a shadow, she is going to

the fourth day : with orb half complete she pro-

claims eight days : with full face the mid-day of the

437

ARATUS

alel 8' aAAo^€V oAAa irapaKXiVovora iiircjira

etpet, oTroaralr] fjLTjvos TrepireXXeTaL rjcLg.

"A/cpa y€ jJLTjv vvKTCJV K€ivai SvoKalSeKa fJioXpat 740

apKiai iênreiv. ret Se ttov fxeyav etV ivLavrov,

a>pr) fiev r dpocrat veuovs, wprj Se ûreiJcrat, 10

€K Alos 'qSr] Trdvra Treâcr/xeVa iravToOi Krctrat.

/cat fjiiv Tis KOi vTjt ttoXvkXucftov êLfiajvos

€(j)pdaar r^ heivov /xe/xvTj/xeVoj ÂpKrovpoio 745

Tje T€(x)v dXXcJV, ot T* wKeavov dpvovrai

darepes dp,<f)LXvK7]s, ol t€ TrpcoTT)? ere vvktos- 15

rfTOi yap rovs Trdvras d/xetjSerat els eviavrov

rjeXio? fxeyav oyixov eXavvcoVy aXXore 8* aAA<x>

ifXTrXriaei, rore puev r dvicbv rore 8* avriKa Svvojv 750

dXXo9 8* dXXoLr]v darrjp iTTiSepKerai r)co.

VivaxTKeis rdSe Kal av, rd yap ovvaeiSerai rj8r) 20

eweaKalSeKa KVKXa âeivov TêAtoto,

oaaa r diro ^wvr)s els eaxoLTov ^Qplcova

Nv^ imSiveirai Kvva re dpaavv 'Clpicovos, 755

OL re UocteiSdcovos opcvpLevoi rj Alos avrov

darepes dvOpcoTTOLOL rervypieva GTjpâLVOVOLV. 25

Tc5 Keivoiv TreTTovTjGO' pêXoL Se tol, e'l irore vtjl

TTLorreveLS, evpelv oaa ttov Kexprjfxeva /cetrat

(jT^pâra X'^LpêpioLs dvepuoLS 7] XalXarrL ttovtov. 760

pLoxOos pLev T oXiyoSi ro 8e pivpiov avTLK oveLap

ylver eTrL(f)pOGrvv7]s alel 7re(f)vXaypieva) dvSpL 30

avros pL€V rd TTpaJra crawrepos, ev Se Kal dXXov

TTapeLTTOJV (^vrjoev, or* iyyvdev cjpope ;\;€t/xc6v.

IIoAAa/ct yap Kal rls re yaXrjvalr) vtto vvKrl 765

* Both the (hehacal) rising (in September) of Arcturusand his (cosmical) setting (in March) brought stormyweather. In the Budens of Plautiis the Prologue is spokenby Arcturus who says (TOf.) "Nam signum Arcturusomnium sum acerrimum : Vehemens sum exoriens, quom438

PHAENOMENA

month ; and ever with varying phase she tells thedate of the dawn that conies round.

Those twelve signs of the Zodiac are sufficient to

tell the limits of the night. But they to mark thegreat year—the season to plough and sow thefallow field and the season to plant the tree—are

already revealed of Zeus and set on every side.

Yea, and on the sea, too, many a sailor has

marked the coming of the stormy tempest, remem-bering either dread Arcturus^ or other stars that

draw from ocean in the morning twilight or at the

first fall of night. For verily through them all the

Sun passes in yearly course, as he drives his mightyfurrow, and now to one, now to another he drawsnear, now as he rises and anon as he sets, and ever

another star looks upon another morn.This thou too knowest, for celebrated by all now

are the nineteen cycles ^ of the bright Sun—thouknowest all the stars wheeled aloft by Night fromOrion's belt to the last of Orion and his bold hound,the stars of Poseidon, the stars of Zeus, which, if

marked, display fit signs of the seasons. Whereforeto them give careful heed and if ever thy trust is

in a ship, be it thine to watch what signs in the

heavens are labouring under stormy winds or squall

at sea. Small is the trouble and thousandfold the

reward of his heedfulness who ever takes care.

First he himself is safer, and well, too, he profits

another by his warning, when a storm is rushing

near.

For oft, too, beneath a calm night the sailor

occido vehementior " ; cf. Hor. C. iii. 1. 27 f. " saevus Arcturi

cadentis Impetus."* The nineteen-year cycle of Meton. For this and follow-

ing lines see Introduction, p. 379.

439

ARATUS

vrja TTepiariXkei 7T€<j>oPri^€Vos rjpi daXdaarjs'

oAAore Se rpirov r^xap iTnrpexî, dXXore TrefjLTTrov, 35

aAAore 8' aTTpoârov /ca/cov ik€to • Travra yap ovtto)

€K Aios dvdpcDTTOL yivcjaKOfjiev, aAA' en noXXd

K€Kpv7rraLy rwv at k€ deXrj /cat iaavriKa ScoaeL 770

Zeus' * o ya/3 ow yeverjv dvSpwv dva(f)avS6v oêAAct,

TTOLvrodev €t8o/x€vos", TrdvTT] 8* o ye crTy/xara <j)aiv(x)v. 40

oAAa Se TOt e/9eet tJttou St;;ôcocra aeXrivq

ttXtjOvos dpi<j)orepcxjd€V ri avriKa TTeTrXrjdvia'

dXXa 8* av€/3;ô/xevos", rore S' af<:/)7^ vu/crt KeXevcov 775

TêAtos" TO. Se rot /cat 0,77' aAAa>v eaaerai aAAa

crqpLara /cat Tre/ot vu/crt /cat TJfjLarc TTOL'qGaadai. 45

S/ceVreo Se TTpojrov Kepdcov iKdrepde ueXrivriv.

oAAorc yap r' aAA27 />ttv €7nypd(j)€i eairepos aiyXj],

dXXore 8' aAAotat iJiop(f)aL Kepoojcn creXT^vqv 780

€vdvs deôfJidvrjV, at /xev rpirr], at 8€ Terdprrj'

rdcxJV KOX 7T€pl fXTjVOS i(f>€GTa6rO£ K€ TTvdoio. 50

A€7rTi7 )Ltev Kadapri re 7re/ot rpirov rjfjiap iovaa

evSios /<* etT^' Xenrr) 8e /cat eu />taA' ipevdrjs

TTvevixarirj' Trap^tojv 8€ /cat dfi^XelrjorL /ce/oatat? 785

rdrparov c/c rpurdroio (f)6cos dpbevrjvov exovcra

^ vorcp djJL^XvvraL rj vSarog eyyvs iovros. 65

€t 8e /c' aTT* dpôripcjv Kepdcjv, rpirov rjfxap

ayoucra,

/xtJt' iTTLvevard^T) fjurjO* VTrrtoiocra âctViy,

aAA* opdal eKdrepde TrepLyvdfiTTrojo-t /ce/aatat, 790

eairipLoi k aVe/xot Kelvrjv jjuerd vvKra <f)€poLvro.

€t 8* avrojs opdrj /cat rirparov rjixap aytvet, 60

•;5 t' av ;)êt/xcDvos" crvvayeLpofxevoio 8tSacr/cot.

» Verg. G^«or<7. i. 424^435, Plin. lY.//. xviii. 347 "Proximasint iure lunae praesagia," etc. For this part of Aratus thereader should consult the whole of Plin. N.H. xviii. § 218-end.

440

PHAENOMENA

shortens sail for fear of the morning sea. Sometimesthe storm comes on the third day, sometimes on thefifth, but sometimes the evil comes all unforeseen.

For not yet do we mortals know all from Zeus, butmuch still remains hidden, whereof, what he will,

even hereafter will he reveal ; for openly he aids therace of men, manifesting himself on every side andshowing signs on every hand. Some messages theMoon will convey with orb half-full as she waxes or

wanes, others when full : others the Sun by warningsat dawn and again at the edge of night, and other

hints from other source can be drawn for day andnight.

Scan first the horns on either side the Moon."For with varying hue from time to time the evening

paints her and of different shape are her horns at

different times as the Moon is waxing—one form onthe third day and other on the fourth. From themthou canst learn touching the month that is begun.

If she is slender and clear about the third day,* she

heralds calm : if slender and very ruddy, wind "; but

if thick and with blunted horns she show but a feeble

light on the third and fourth night, her beams are

blunted by the South wind or imminent rain. If on

the third night neither horn nod forward or lean

backward, if vertical they curve their tips on either

side, winds from the West will follow that night.

But if still with vertical crescent she bring the fourth

day too, she gives warning of gathering storm. '^

* Theophr. De signis 51 koI 6 fiels iav TpiraTos Siv \afnrp6s

y, evdieivdv.

" Theophr. 12 ^dj' /xkv fi irvpuibrjs, irvevfiaTibdr) (xrjfiaivei top

firjva, iav de ^ocpwdrjs, vdaTibdrj.

** Theophr. 38 xetM<^»'OS ^^ TtiSe . . . to ayfK-qviov iav opdhv

y fx^xpi- rerpados Kai ei eijKVKXov, xeifiiaeL p.^XP'- ^i-X^rbp-ov.

441

ARATUS

el Si K€ ol K€pda)v to fJLCT'qopov ev iTTLvevrj,

Se^Sexôi'' popecD' ore 8' VTrndr^cn, voroio. 795

avrdp iirrjv rpirocjcrav 0X09 Trepl kvkXos iXlaar)

TTavrr] epevOopucvos, /xaAa k€v rore x^^H'^pos €L7]' 65

jLtctôvt 8' av ;Y€t/xa)vt TTVpcorepa ôivLgooito.

llK€7Tr€o S* is ttXtjOvv t€ Kal dpL(j)6r€pov

SixocDorav,

rip.ev d€ôpiivi)v 7)8' is Kepas avdcs lovorav, 800

/cat ol inl XP^^V Te/c/xat/oeo pLTjvos iKaarov.

TTavrr) yap Kadapfj k€ pLoX evBca reKpuripaLO' 70

j

Trdvra S' ipevOopuivr) SoKeeiv dvepioio KeXevdovs'

aAAo^t S' aAAo pbeXaLVopbivr) hoKeeiv verolo.

cn/jpuara S' ov pidXa Trdcnv eV T^'/xacrt Trdvra rirvKrai' 80{

aAA' oaa puev rpLrdrrj re reraprair) re TreXovrai,

pLe(j(f)a SixaLopuivrjs, SixdSos ye puev dxpis irr^

avrrjv

cnqpâivei Sixop^'^jvovy drdp TrdXiv iK hixopLrivov

is SixdSa (f)dLp,ev7]v exerau Se ol avruKa rerpas

pirjvos aTTOixop'ivov, rfj Se rpirdrrj irrLovros. 810el Se Ke pnv Trepl Trdaav aXcoal KVKXcxxjcovrai

ri rpels rje Svo) TrepLKeipievaL r)€ put olt], 80

rfj puev Ifj dvepLOLO yaXrjvaiTjs re SoKeveiv,

prjyvvpievrj dvepLoto, pbapaivopbivr) Se yaXrivris'

" Theophr. 27 ^(Xtl 5k atjixeia iv ifkli^ Kal aeXriprj ra fjikv

fx^Xava uSaros to. 5' ipvdpa irvedixaTos. 4av de 6 fieis ôpeiov

6vT0S opdbs eia-TrjKr), îcpvpoi eluidaaiv itnirvelv /cat 6 firiv -xeLîepLvos

BiareXei. Srav [j.kv 17 Kepaia {i} dvio) rou fxrjvbs iirLKVirTrj, /Sopetos

6 fxeis. 6'rai' 5^ i) Karuidev vqtios' iav be dpdbs Kal [xrj kuXusiyKSKXtfi^vos fJ-^XP'- TerpaSos Kal €{}kvkXos e'iiode xet,udêt»' MxP'-8ixop^y)vlas. a-rjfXaivei ôcpwdris ixkv dv vdiop, ttu/jwSt?? de jrvevfia.

* Theophr. 8 ujs 8' au'rws ^xet Kal Trepl rbv ixriva 'eKacTTOv'

dixoTOfiovcn yap aX re Traucr^Xrjvoi Kal al oydbai Kal al rerpades, Coare

dirb vov/x7}vias us diTr' dpxv^ Set aKoireiv, /xerafiaXXei ydp ws iirl to

442

PHAENOMENA

If her upper horn nod forward," expect thou theNorth wind, but if it lean backward, the South. Butwhen on the third day a complete halo, blushing red,

encircles her, she foretells storm and, the fierier herblush, the fiercer the tempest.

Scan her when full and when half-formed oneither side of full, as she waxes from or wanes again

to crescent form, and from her hue forecast eachmonth. When quite bright her hue, forecast fair

weather ; when ruddy, expect the rushing wind

;

when dark stained with spots, look out for rain.

But not for every day is appointed a separate sign,^

but the signs of the third and fourth day betokenthe weather up to the half Moon ; those of the

half Moon up to full Moon ; and in turn the signs of

the full Moon up to the waning half Moon ; the

signs of the half Moon are followed by those of the

fourth day from the end of the waning month, andthey in their turn by those of©the third day of the

new month. But if halos*' encircle all the Moon,set triple or double about her or only single—with

the single ring, expect wind or calm^; when the ring

is broken, wind ^ ; when faint and fading, calm

;

7ro\i> eV rg rerpd^i, iav 8e fx-q, h rrj oydor}, el Se /xiq, iravaekfivifi'

airb bk wavaeXrjuov eh 6y56T)v ^divovros, Kal dird ravrrji els Terpdda,

dirb 5^ rerpaSos els tt]v vov/xrjvlav.

<= dXcoTi (<iXws). lit. "threshing-floor." Seneca, N.Q. i. 2" coloris varii circulum . . . hunc Graeci halo vocant, nos

dicere coronam aptissime possumus . . . tales splendores

Graeci areas vocaverunt, quia fere terendis frugibus destinata

loca rotunda sunt."'^ Theophr. 51 &\ws 5^ idv o/xaXws irayrj kuI /mapavdy, evdlav

arjfiaiveL.

^ Theophr. 31 ai iiXwves irept Tr]v aeXrjvrju TrvevfMaribdeis

/mEWov •^ irepl t]\lou' (XTjfxaivovcn 8^ irvevfia payelaat. irepi &fX(pb},

Kal ^ div payg, Ta^rrj irvevixa.

443

ARATUS

rat Svo S' av ;^€t/xa>vt TrepLrpoxoLOLvro GeXrjvy^v.

fjL€Lôva S* av ;(;€t/xa)va êpoi rpieXiKros aXcori,

/cat fxdXXov fxeXavevcra, Kal el pr]yvvaro fjuaXXov.

/cat ra jLtev ow CTrt /XT^vt GeXrjvairjs k€ ttvOoio.

'HeAtoto 8e rot fieXeroj eKarepdev lovros.

TjeXicp /cat jJbdXXov eoLKora cnjfiara /cetrat,

ap.(f>6T€pov hvvovTL /cat e/c 7T€pdr7]9 dviovri.

fjL'q ol ttolklXXolto viov pdXXovTOS dpovpas

/cu/cAos", or^ evSlov KexpyjP'^vos TJfJLaros €Lrjs,

/jL-qSe Ti crrj/xa (f>epoL, <f)aivoiTO Se Atros" dirdyrT],

el S' avrcos Kadapov pnv e^pi ôvXvaios wprj.

Swot 8* dve<f)eXo9 fiaXaKTjv VTroSeleXos a'iyXrjv,

Kal Kev eTTepxop-eviqs rjovg ed* VTrevSiog etr).

dAA' ovx oTTTTore koIXos eeihofxevog TrepireXXr),

ot58' ottot* d/CTtVcuv at fjuev votov at he ôprja

oxt'^dfievaL pdXXojGL, rd S* av irepi fiecrora (fyaelvrj,

dXXd 7TOV ri verolo Stepx^raL t] dvepLOLO.

l^Kenreo S*, €t tee tol avyal vneiKwcr* rjeXloLO,

avrov is rjeXiov rov yap okottloI /cat dpiarai'

el tI ol tJttov epevOos eTnrpexî, old re iroXXd

eXKopuevajv ve(j>ea)v epvOalverat dXXodev ctAAa,

ri et 7TOV pueXaveZ' Kal rot rd puev vSaros earwarjixara fxeXXovros, rd 8* epevOea irdvr dvepLoto.

et ye fjuev dpuôrepoLs dpLvSis KexpyjP'ivos eti],

'^ Verg. G. i. 438 ff. " Sol quoque et exoriens et cum se

condet in undas, Signa dabit ; solem certissima signa sequun-tur, Et quae mane refert et quae surgentibus astris. Ille

ubi nascentera maculis variaverit ortum, Conditus in nubem,medioque refugerit orbe, Suspecti tibi sint imbres ; namqueurguet ab alto Arboribusque satisque Notus pecoriquesinister."

^ Theophr. 50 ffKio^ fikv aviHiiv Xa/xirpb^ Kal fii] Kav/xarias Kal

fi7] ^x^^ ffrifxetov fxr)8kv iv eavT(^ evdiav arj/xaivei.

" Theophr. 50 Kal dvdfievos r;Xios x«/awj'os et's Kadapov evdiavos,

444

PHAENOMENA

two rings girding the Moon forebode storm ; a triple

halo would bring a greater storm, and greater still,

if black, and more furious still, if the rings are

broken. Such warnings for the month thou canst

learn from the Moon.To the Sun's <* march at East and West give heed.

His hints give even more pertinent warning both at

setting, and when he comes from below the verge.

May not his orb, whenever thou desirest a fair day,

be variegated when first his arrows strike the earth,

and may he wear no mark at all but shine stainless

altogether.^ If again thus all pure he be in thehour when the oxen are loosed, and set cloudless in

the evening with gentle beam, he will still be at

the coming dawn attended with fair weather.*'

But not so, when he rises with seemingly hollow

disk, nor when his beams part to strike or North or

South, while his centre is bright. But then in truth

he journeys either through rain or through wind.**

Scan closely, if his beams allow thee, the Sunhimself, for scanning him is best, to see if either

some blush run over him, as often he shows a blush or

here or there, when he fares through trailing clouds,

or if haply he is darkened. Let the dark stain besign to thee of coming rain, and every blush be sign

of wind. But if he is draped both black and red at

ihv fXTj rats irpor^pais Tjfi^pais els fJ-T] Kadapbv 5e5u/cu>s y ^^ eiSiCjv.

ovTU) d^ &5r]\ov. Kai eav xet/xdfoi'Tos i] 8v(Xls yivr^rai ei's Kadapbv,

€v8l€lu6p. Verg. G. i. 458 ff. "At si cum referetque diemcondetque relatum, Lucidus orbis erit, frustra terrebere

nimbis, Et claro silvas cernes Aquilone moveri."'^ Theophr. 26 Kal iav kolXos (paivrjraL 6 i^Xios, dv^fiov ^ iidaroi

t6 aiqfxeiov . . . iau at aKTtves ai fxku Trpbs §oppav, al 8^ irphs

vStov <xx'^^<J^y'''o-i- TOijTov fjL^aov 6vT0i Kar' tpdpov, koiv6p lidaros Kal

dv^fjLov (T-qfieibv eanv (Verg. G. i. 445 f.). Plin. N.H. xviii.

342 " Primmnque a sole capimus praesagia," etc.

445

ARATUS

Kai K€V vScjp <))Op€Ol KoX VTTTjVeiJLLOS TOUVOITO.

€t oe OL if] aviovTOS r} avruKa ovofjuevoio o*v

OLKTives avvicDGL /cat a/x^' ivl TreirXriOcoaLVy

Tj 7TOT€ KOL V€êo)V 7T€7n€afJievo9 Tj 6 y* is ri(^^^^

epxrjTaL Trapa vvktos, t) i^ tjovs im vvKra,

vhari k€v Kariovri Traparpexot rjpiara Kelva.

p.rjS* ore ol oXlyr] vecjyeXr] Trdpos avriXXTjaiVy 846

rriv Se ixer* olktivcov Keypriiievos avros aepufj,

ajiV7]UT€iv veroLo. ttoAvs o ore oi rrepi kvkAos a*"

olov rrjKOfievq) ivaXiyKios evpvvrjrai

TTpcbrov av€pxoiJL€VOio, /cat dip cVt fxetov trjcrLV,

evSiog K€ (f)€poLTO' /cat et ttotc ;)(;et)LtaTOS' coprj 8i

(hxpT^crcLi' Karicjjv. arap vSaros rjfjLepivoXo

yivopuevov KaroTnade irepl vi(f)€a cr/coTreeorât1'

/caS hr] SvojjLevov rerpafxpievos tjcXloio.

TjV fJL€V VTTOGKLdrjGL pLeXaLvopuevrj euKVia

TjeXiov V€(f)€Xrj, rat 8' djit^t /xtv evda /cat evda 8^

a/crtvcs" peaaiqyvs iXiGoopevat SiXocovraL,

oj t' dv er els r)oj GKeiraos KexprjP'ivos eirjs. !•

el S' o puev dve<f)eXos ^ctTrrot poov eaTrepioio,

rat 8e KarepxopLevov ve<j)eXai /cat er* olxopêvoio

TTXrjorlaL ecrri^KCocnv epevOees, ov ere fxaXa xP'h 8^

avpiov ouS* eTTL vvktI 7repirpop,eeLV veroio'

dAA' ottot' rjeXiOLO papaiVopLevrjanv SpbOLai 1

eâ7TLV7]s OLKTives (xtt' ovpavodev ravvojpraL,

oTov dpâXSvpovrat ore GKtdrjGi /car' WviGrapuevT] yalrjs re /cat rjeXioio aeX'qvrj. 8i

" Verg. (3^. i. 450 if. " Hoc etiam emenso cum iara deceditOlympo, Profuerit meminisse magis ; nam saepe videmusIpsius in vultu varies errare colores : Caeruleus pluviamdenuntiat, ig-neus Euros ; Sin maculae incipient rutilo im-miscerier igni, Omnia tum pariter vento nimbisque videbis

446

PHAENOMENA

once, he will bring rain and will strain beneath thewind.<* But if the rays of the rising or setting Sunconverge and crowd on one spot, or if he go fromnight to dawn, or from dawn to night, closely besetwith clouds, those days will run in company withrushing rain. Nor be thou heedless of rain, whattime before him rises a thin mist, after which theSun himself ascends with scanty beams.^ But whena broad belt of mist seems to melt and widen before

the rising Sun and anon narrows to less, fair will behis course, and fair too, if in the season of winter his

hue wax wan at eventide.*' But for to-morrow's

rain face the setting Sun and scan the clouds. If a

darkening cloud overshadow the Sun and if aroundthat cloud the beams that wheel between the Sunand it part to either side of the cloud, thou shalt

still need shelter for the dawn.<^ But if without a

cloud he dip in the western ocean, and as he is

sinking, or still when he is gone, the clouds stand

near him blushing red, neither on the morrownor in the night needst thou be over-fearful of

rain. But fear the coming rain when on a suddenthe Sun's rays seem to thin and pale *—^just as they

often fade when the Moon overshadows them, whattime she stands straight between the earth and

Fervere. non ilia quisquam me nocte per altum Ire nequeab terra moneat convellere funem "

; cf. Theophr. 27.

* Verg. G. i. 446 fF. " ubi pallida surget Tithoni croceumlinquens Aurora cubile, Heu male turn mitjs defendet pam-pinus uvas."

<' Theophr. 50 koX iav 56vo}p x'^'-f^^^^^ <^XP^^ Vt evdiav

crrjfMaiveL.

^ Theophr. 11 koI ihv KaTa<()€pofi4vov tov ijXlov vcpiarrjTai

vi(f)0$ V(()' oC iav crxt'f^wj'rai at dKT?v€s, xet/x.e/Jii'OJ' to arjfj.eiov.

« Theophr. 13 /cat Hrav aviexovTos rod i}\iov at ai/yai dlov

^KKelirovTos XP^f^o. tcrxwcf, vSaros (Trj/xelov.

447

ARATUS

ouS*, or€ ol iTTexovTL (jyavqîevaL tjcoOl irpo

âivovrai veêAat virepevdies dXXodcv d'AAat, 135

dppavTOL yivovrai iir* jjfiaTL Kelvco dpovpat.

jLtT^S* avrws, er* lovri 7rep7]u OTTore TrporadelGai

OLKrlves (f)aLVOvrai eiricTKioi rjcodi irpo, 870

vbaros Tj dvepLOio KaroLGOjxevov XeXadeadai.

aAA* €t fjuev KCLvaL fxaXXov /cveâos" (f>op€oiVTO 140

aKrXveSy pudXXov k€V i(f)* uSart GrjfjLaLvoiev

el 8* oXlyos ravvoiTO irepl 8v6(f)Os a/crtVecrati',

OLOV TTOV puaXaKal v€(j)€.Xai (ôpeovGi /xaAtcrra, 875

rj T av eTTepxofJidvoLO TrepihvoîoLvr dvepiOLo.

ovSe jjuev rjeXlov ax^SoOev fxeXavevaat dXcoal 145

euStof daaorepai 8e koI d(TT€fi(f>€s /xeAaveuaat

/LtoAAoj/ ;\;€t/>te/3taf Svo S' av ;\;aAe7r66T€pat etev.

^K€7TT€0 8' -^ aVtOVTOS" "^ aVTLKa SvOfJLeVOLO, 880

et 77-ou ot veîojv to, Trap'^Xia KLKX'ôrKovrat

rj vorov rje ôprjos ipevderat ^ eKarepdev, 150

firjh* OVTCD (TKOTTLrjv Tavrrjv dfievrjvd (j>vXdaG€LV.

ov ydp, or* dpLÔTepoidev opiov Trepl fxidcjov

GXOVGLV

'qeXiov fcetvat vecfteXai crx€S6v cjKeavolo, 335yiverai dfipoXlr] BioOev x^^H'djvos lovros.

et ye fxev e/c ôpeao fxC olt] (fyoiviaGOirOy 155

e/c popeo) TTVoids Ke (j)epoiy votltj 8e votolo,

'q /cat TTOV paddixtyyes eTTirpoxdoja* veroio.

^YiGTTepioLs /cat fxaXXov eTTirpeTre arjiiaai rovrois' 890

euTTepodev ydp ofjicbs arjixaiverai ipLfieves alei.

•* Cicero ap. Priscian. x. 11 "Utcum Luna means Hype-rionis officit orbi, Stinguuntur radii caeca caligine tecti.

"

* Theophr. 10 vSaros fih odu a-rjfieTa to, roLadra doKe? ehat.

ivapyâraTov /x^v odv rb ewdivbv, Srav irpb TJKiov dvaToXijs (paiprjTai

iTrL(f>oLvi(r<rov a-rj/meiov 7) yap avdrj/j-epivdv iincrrîxaiveL -^ TpiQv

7}ixepQ}v ws cttI t6 irokO.

448

PHAENOMENA

Sun " : nor are the fields unwetted on that day, whenbefore the dawn, as the Sun delays to shine, reddish

clouds appear here or there.^ Be not heedless either

of wind or rain '^ to come, when, while the Sun is still

below the verge, his precursor beams shine shadowyin the dawn. The more those beams are borne in

shadow, the surer sign they give of rain, but if butfaint the dusk that veils his beams, like a soft mist

of vapour, that veil of dusk portends wind. Nor are

dark halos '^ near the Sun signs of fair weather

:

when nearer the Sun and dark without relief, theyportend greater storms : if there are two rings, they

will herald tempests fiercer still.

Mark as the Sun is rising or setting, whether the

clouds, called parhelia,* blush (on South or North or

both), nor make the observation in careless mood.For when on both-'^ sides at once those clouds gird

the Sun, low down upon the horizon, there is nolingering of the storm that comes from Zeus. Butif only one shine purple to the North, from the

North will it bring the blast ; if in the South, from

the South ; or down pour the pattering raindrops.^'

With even greater care mark those signals whenin the West, for from the West the warnings are

given ever with equal and unfailing certainty.

" Theophr. 11 koL iav iK vetpeXQv dvixv> ^SariKdv, kuI iav

cLKTlves avL(TxovTO$ avardvoiaL irplv dvaretXat, KOivbv iidaros

crr)iJ.€iov Kal av^fxov.

^ Theophr. 23 Kai 6iXws ai fxiXaivai idariKdv, Kal /xaXKov at

SetXr/j.

" So-called " mock suns," " imagines solis " (Seneca, N.Q.

/ Theophr. 22 eav iraprfXiOL 8vo yivuvrai, Kal 6 jmev vorbdev, o

5e ^oppddeu, Kal fiXws dfia, vdojp 'dia raxewv arjuaivovai ; cf.

Seneca, JV.Q. i. 12,

^ Theophr. 29 irapriXLos birbdev hv y, vbc^p r) Avefiov arnxaivei..

2g 449

ARATUS

TiK€7TT€0 Kal *ATNHN. 7) fiev t' oXiyrj eiKVia 160

dx^y'C Poppalr] vtto KapKLVO) rjyrjXdi,€i'

diJL(j>l Se jJLLV Svo Xeirrd âetvo/xevot (fyopeovrac

daripesy ovre tl ttoXXov dirTjopoL, ovre jxdX iyyvs, 895

dAA' ocraov re fidXiorra irvyovaiov oUcraaOaL'

els fxev Trap ôpeao' vorcp 8' CTrt/ce/cAtrat dXXos. 165

Kal rol pL€V KoXiovrai ONOI* fJueGUT] 8e re ^drvr).

7jT€ Kal iâTTLvqs Trdvrr] Alos evSiocuvrog

yiver d(j)avTOS oXi]- rol 8' dficfyorepcjoOev lovres 900

darepes dXXriXcx)v avroGX^ôv IvSdXXovraL'

ovK oXiycp X'îpiibvL Tore KXvtôvrai dpovpai. 170

el he pieXaLvrjraL, rol 8' avriK eoiKores (Loiv

dcrrepes dfji(f)6repoi, irepi x vhart Gr^jxaivoiev

.

el 8' o puev eK ôpeo) ^drvrjg dfievrjvd (fiaeivoi 905

XeiTTOV iiraxXvajv, vonos 8' "Ovo? dyXaos etr],

SeiSex&OLL dvefxoLO vorov ôpeco 8e fidXa XPV ^^^

e/JbTTaXiV dxXvoevTL âeivopievcp re SoKeveiv.

TirjfJia be roi dvefioLO Kal olSatvovaa ddXaacra

yivecrda) Kal puaKpov ctt' atytaAot ôowvres, 910

dKrai r elvaXioi OTTor* evhioi rfXT^^coraL

yivovrai, Kopv(j)ai re ôajfievai ovpeos a/cpat. 180

Kat 8' dv errl irjprjv or' epojSios ov Kara KOGfxov

e^ dXos epx^jrai cfxjovrj TrepLrroXXd XeXrjKco^,

KLVVfJuevov Ke OdXaoaav virep (j)OpeoLr dve/JLOio. 915

/cat TTore Kal KeTvcjiOi, oirof* evhioi TToreovrai

y

dvria fieXXovrcov dvefjicov elXrjSd (jiepovrai. 185

TToXXaKL 8* dypidhes vfJGcraL 'q elvaXihivai

" Cicero ap. Priscian. xvi. 16 and xviii. 172 "Astautemtenui quae candet lumine Phatne.

"

* Praesepe ; Theophr. 23 iv rtp KapKivip duo aaripes elaiv, oi

KaXoOfxevoL 6vol, ihv to fxera^v to vecpeXiov i) (f)a.Tvq KoKovjxePTj.

TovTo iav ôcpQdes ylvrjTat, vduTiKdv. Plin. N.H. xviii, 353.

450

PHAENOMENA

Watch, too, the Manger." Like a faint mist in

the North it plays the guide beneath Cancer.Around it are borne two faintly gleaming stars, notfar apart nor very near but distant to the view acubit's length, one on the North, while the otherlooks towards the South, They are called theAsses, and between them is the Manger.* On a

sudden, when all the sky is clear, the Mangerwholly disappears, while the stars that go on either

side seem nearer drawn to one another : not slight

then is the storm with which the fields are deluged.

If the Manger darken <' and both stars remain un-

altered, they herald rain. But if the Ass to the

North of the Manger shine feebly through a faint

mist, while the Southern Ass is gleaming bright,

expect wind from the South : but if in turn the

Southern Ass is cloudy and the Northern bright,

watch for the North wind.

A sign of wind be the swelling sea,*^ the far

sounding beach, the sea-crags when in calm they

echo, and the moaning of the mountain crests.

When, too, the heron * in disordered flight comeslandward from the sea with many a scream, he is

precursor of the gale at sea. Anon, too, the stormy

petrels when they flit in calm, move in companies to

face the coming winds. Oft before a gale the wild

" Theophr. 43 ij toO 6vov (parv-q el avvLcrTaTai. koI .ôcpepa

yiveTat., x^'-l^'^Ô' crj/xaiveL.

'^ Verg. G. i. 356 ff. ; Theophr. 29 ddXaaaa oidoOaa, /cat

cLKTal ôQiaaL kol aiyt.a\bs VX^^ dpe/JubSris ; cf. 31 ; Cic. De div.

1. 8 ; Plin. N.H. xviii. 359 f.

« Theophr. 28 aWviai Kal vrirrai Kai dypiai Koi Tidaaai vdojp

fx^v (r7]iJ.aivov(ri Svdfxevai, TTTCpvyiôvaaL 8^ Avefiov. oi Ke7r<poL

ei'dias ovarjs oiroi Slv iriruvTai. dve/xov irpoa-q/xaivovcn. . . . epwSios

dxo daXdzTTjs Trerofiepos Kai ôQ)v irvevfiaTOS <77)/x€i6v eari, Kai oXus

§oC}v n.eya duepLwdrj^,

451

ARATUS

at^ftat •)(€pGaia rivdcraovTai TrrepvyeGGiv

Tj V€(j)€Xrj 6p€09 p.rjKVV€TaL iv Kopv<f)fj(nv. 920

tJSy] Kal TraTTTTOL, XevKTJs yrjpeiov aKavdr^s,

crfjfM iyivovT avifxov, Kaxjyrjs dAo? OTTTTore ttoXXol 190

aKpov eTTLTrXaxajcrL, ra puev Trdpos, aAAa 8* oTTioraco.

Kat 9ep€09 ppovrau re /cat daTpaTral evdev Icjolv,

evdev iTrepxofievoLo 7T€piaKOTr€€iv dvepuoio. 925

/cat Sta vvKTa piiXaivav or darepes dtcracocrLV

Tap(f)€a, rol 8* ornOev pvjJLol vrroXevKaivcjovTai, 195

SetSexdoLl' K€LVOL9 aVTTjV 686v ipXOpL€VOLO

TTvevjJLaro^' ^v 8e /cat aAAot evavrioi dtaaaxnv,

dXXoL 8' i^ dXXwv fiepeojVy Tore Srj 7r€(f)vXaô 930

TTavToicDV dvejxcxiv, ol r aKpiroi elori /xaAtcrra,

a/cptra 8e rrveiovGLV iir^ dvSpaGL re/c/xT^pacrât. 200

Aurap or i^ evpoio /cat e/c vorov darpdnrrjcnv,

aXXore 8' e/c ^€(f>vpoiOy /cat aAAore Trap ôpeao,

Sr) rore rtg TreXdyet evi BelSie vavriXos dvqp, 935

fiT^ fiiv rfj p,ev exi) iriXayos rfj 8' e/c Ato? vScjp-

vBan yap TOcrcrat8e Trept arepoTral ôpeovrai. 205

7ToAAa/ct 8' epxojJievojv vercov V€<f)ea TrpoTrdpoiOev

o ta fxdXiara ttokoiglv eoiKora IvSdXXovraij

" Theophr. 34 Trpos Kopvcprjs 6povs birodev av vecp^Xrj fj-ijKvvTjTai,

ra^Trj Sivefio? TrvevaetTat ; cf. Theophr. 45.

* Theophr. 37 iav kv t% daXaTTij irdinroL (p^puvrat iroWol oi

yivofievoi dirb tu>v aKavOdv^ &vepLOV (rrifialpovaiv âecrdai jjAyav.

Verg. G. i, 368 f. " Saepe levem paleam et frondes volitare

caducas, Aut summa nantes in aqua colludere pluraas."" Theophr. 32 depovs Sdeu B,v dcTpairal Kal ^povrai yiviovrat,

ivreOdep irvev/uiaTa ylverai lax^'pd' ictp ixkv a<p65pa Kal Icx^'pbp

da-TpaTTTTj, doLTTOv Kal cr(podp6Tepov Trvevaovaiv, edv 8' -qpifxa Kat

fiavCis, Kar' dXiyov.

^ Theophr. 13 dar^pes iroWol diq-TTOvres vdaros ij irvei'ffiaTos,

Kal bdev hp 5iq.TT(j)<np, iprevdep to irpev/xa ij t6 vdwp ; 34 ol

KO/JirJTaL darepes ojs rd iroWd irvev/xara (yqixaipovcnp ; 37 6dev

452

PHAENOMENA

ducks or sea-wheeling gulls beat their wings on theshore, or a cloud is lengthwise resting on themountain peaks.** Marked, too, ere now as sign of

wind havê been the withered petals, the down of

the white thistle,^ when they abundant float, somein front and others behind, on the surface of thesilent sea.

From the quarter whence come the peals of

summer thunder « and the lightning flash, thenceexpect the onset of the gale. When through thedark night shooting stars '^ fly thick and their track

behind is white, expect a wind coming in the samepath. If other shooting stars confront them andothers from other quarters dart, then be on thyguard for winds from every quarter—winds, whichbeyond all else are hard to judge, and blow beyondman's power to predict.

But when from East and South the lightnings

flash,* and again from the West and anon from the

North, verily then the sailor on the sea fears to becaught at once by the waves beneath and the rain

from heaven. For such lightnings herald rain. Often

before the coming rain fleece-like clouds-^ appear or

5,1' acfripes 8i.(^TT(j}(ri. iroWoi, avejxov evrevdev' iav be iravra-

X^êv o/xoiojs, TToXXa Trvevfiara crrffiaivovai. Verg. G. i. 365 ff.

" Saepe etiam Stellas, vento impendente, videbis Praecipites

caelo labi, noctisque per umbram Flammarum longos atergo albescere tractus.

"

* Theophr, 21 daTpairai 5^ idv ye irai^TaxÔî' yeviovrai, {jdaros

hv r) dvîxov crrj/iieiop. Verg. G. i. 370 fF. "At Boreae de parte

trucis cum fulminat, et cum Eurique Zephyrique tonat

domus, omnia plenis Rura natant fossis, atque omnis navita

ponto, Humida vela legit."^ Theophr. 13 Srav vecp^Xai ttSkols ipi(av Sfiotat Ihcnv, vBoop

(rrj/xaivei. Varro Atac. ap. Serv. on Verg. G. i. 397 " nubes<ceu> vellera lanae Stabunt"; cf. Verg. I.e.

4<53

ARATUS

7] SLSvfir] e^wcre 8td [xiyav ovpavov Ipis, 940

ri Kai 7TOV ns d'Acoa fjLeXaivofJievTjv e^î dan^p.

UoXXaKL XifivalaL -^ etVdAtat opvides 2IO

airXriGTOV /cAuJovrat evte/xevat uSdreacrtv,

ri XlfJivrjv TTcpi Srjdd ;)êAt8oves' dtoGOvrai

yaarepL rvirrovaai avrojs elXvpuevov v8a)p, 945

•^ {jLoiXXov SeiXal yeveaiy vSpOLauv oveiap,

avrodev i^ vSaros Traripes jSoococrt yvpivwv, 215

rj rpvêi opOpivov iprjfxair] oXoXvydoVf

7] 7TOV Kal XaK€.pvt,a Trap ^'Covt TrpovxovGT]

Xeifxaros epôpiivov X^P^V VTrervipe Kopcovrj, 950

7] TTOV Kal TTorapiolo ipdiljaTO P'ixP^ Tra/o' aKpovs

WjJLOVs €K K€âXr\Si rj /cat /xdAa Trdaa KoXvpuâ, 220

rj ttoXXt] Grpiêrai irap vScop Traxâ Kpcoôvaa.

Kat ôes" yjSrj tol irdpos vharos Ivhioio

ovpavov eloavLhovres dir* aWipos (l)0(j)priaavTO- 955

/cat koLXt]? p,vpp.7]K€9 dx"^? ^S coea ndvraddoaov dviqveyKavTO' /cat ddpooL axjyOev lovXol 225

r€Lxr) dvipTTOvres , /cat vXal,6ji€VOL (7Ka)X7]K€S

KELVOLy TOV£ KaXeovoL pieXaivrjS evrepa yaurj?.

" Theophr, 22 idu re TroXXat t'piSes yeucourai., arj/malvei vSwpiiri TToXij. * Cf. Theophr. I.e. ctXws at fi^Xaivai vdariKov.

* Theophr. 15 6pvLd€s \ov6ijl€vol fj.r] <ot ?> ^v vdaxL ^lovvres

vdwp i} xet/xcDi'as arjfiaivovaL. Varro Atac. ap. Serv. Verg. G.i. 375 " Turn hceat pelagi volucres tardaeque paludis Cernereinexpleto studio certare lavandi Et velut insoHtum pennisinfundere rorem " ; cf. Verg. i. 383 ff. ; Plin. N.H. xviii. 362.

^ Varro Atac. I.e. =Yerg. G. i. 377 " Aut arguta lacuscircumvohtavit hirundo.

"

* Theophr. 15 xfXt56ves ry yaarpi Tvirrovaai ras Xifipas vdupffi)fiaivov(n.

' Theophr. 15 /Sdrpaxot fioiWou ^Sovres crjâlvovaiv iJSwp.

Cic. Be div. i. 9 ; Verg. G. i. 378.' Theophr. 43 oKdkvydv q.8ovaa ixbv-q aKpcopias (early morn)

454

PHAENOMENA

a double rainbow " girds the wide sky or some star

is ringed with darkening halo.^

Often the birds '^ of lake or sea insatiably dive andplunge in the water, or around the mere for long theswallows^ dart, smiting with their breasts the rippling

water/ or more hapless tribes, a boon to watersnakes,the fathers^ of the tadpoles croak from the lake

itself, or the lonely tree-frog^ drones his matin lay,

or by jutting bank the chattering crow ^ stalks onthe dr^' land before the coming storm, or it may bedips from head to shoulder in the river, or evendives completely, or hoarsely cawing ruffles it beside

the water.

And ere now before rain from the sky, the oxen *

gazing heavenward have been seen to sniff the air,

and the ants ^ from their hollow nests bring up in

haste all their eggs, and in swarms the centipedes *=

are seen to climb the walls, and wandering forth

crawl those worms that men call dark earth's in-

Xeifi^pLOv ; cf. Theophr. 15 6 x^^P^^ ^drpaxos iirl divdpov aScav

v5ojp crrjiJLaiveL. According to one interpretation in the schol.

the oXoXvydbv is " a bird like a turtle-dove " {rpvyibv). Cic.

De div. i. 8 translates it by acredula, apparently= owl. In

Theocr. vii. 139 oXoKv-fdjv is now taken to be the tree-frog

(green frog), not, as some supposed, the nightingale.^ Theophr. 16, Cic. De div. i. 8 " Fuscaque non nunquam

cursans per litora cornix Deraersit caput et fluctum cervice

recepit"; Verg. G. 388 f. " Turn cornix plena pluviam vocat

iraproba voce Et sola in sicca secum spatiatur arena.

"

» Varro Atac. I.e. " Et bos suspiciens caelum, mirabile

visu, Naribus aerium patulis decerpsit odorem " ; cf. Cic.

Be div. i. 9 ; Verg. G. i. 375 f.

i Theophr. 23 /xvp/xrjKes iv /coiXy X^P'^V ^°^^ '^°' V^ ^Kcp^pcoffiv

€K TTJs fxvpfJ.T]Kids irl TO vipriXbv x^^pi-ot', v5u}p arjixaivovaip, iap 5^

Karacpepwciv, eudiav. Verg. G. i. 379 f. " Saepius et tectis

penetralibus extulit ova Angustum formica terens iter."

* Theophr. 19 iovXoi iroXXol irpbs toixov 'iptrovTts vdariKdy.

455

ARATUS

Kal rtdal opviOes, rat aXeKTopos eêyevovro, qqq

€V e<j)8eipi(joavTO /cat CKpcoâv fjidXa (Jxjovtj,

olov T€ oraXdov \ljo<f>e€L inl vSari vScop. 230

AtJ TTore Kal yeveal KopoLKCov /cat ûAa koXolcov

vSaros ipxofievoio Atos" rrdpa orjjji* iyevovro,

<jiaiv6jJi€voi dyeXrihd /cat LprjKeacrLV opLoXov qqq

(f)d€y^diJL€voL. Kal ttov KopaKes Slovs araXayfjuovs

(fycovfj ijJLLfJiiôravTO cwv vSaros epôfxivoio' 235

7] TTore Kal Kpcoâvre âpelr) Stcrcra/ct (f)a)vij

puaKpov imppoLtêvGL riva^dpLevoi Trrepd TTVKvd'

Kal vrjGGai oiKOVpol VTT(x>p6<j)ioi T€ KoXoLol 970ipXOfJLevoL Kara yeCGa TLvdaaovrai Trrepvyeaaiv

y

r^ iirl KVjjLa Stcu/cet ipcoSco^ o^v XeXrjKcvs. 240

TcDv rot jLtT^Sev aTTO^Xrjrov 7Te(f)vXayjJi€vqj vScop

yLveadco' /X7y8' et K€V eirl rrXeov rje Trdpoidev

SaKVOjcnv fjuvlai Kal€(f>*

at/xaros" t/xetpcovrat, 975iQ XvxÔLO fJLVKr)r€9 dyeipcjvrai nepl fivâv

vvKra Kara crKorlrjv firjS^ 'qv vtto ;!^6tâTOS' cu/jt^v 245

Xvxvcov dXXore fiiv re (f)dos Kara KOGfiov opwpr],

dXXore 8* dtdGijjaiv diro ^Xoyes rjvre KOV<j>ai

TTOp,(f)6Xvy€? y fjLTjS^ €t K€V £77* avTocjii fiapjJLalpOJGLV 980

aKTivegy fJurjS* rjv Oepeog fieya TreTrra/xeVoto

" Theophr. 42 777s evrepa iroWa (paivd/xeva xet/iwi'a <rr]/xaiveL.

^ Theophr. 17 6\wj 5^ dpvides Kal dXeKrpvdves (pdeipi^dfievoi

vdariKbv ar]fieiop Kal 8rav fxifxiÛTai vdojp ojs dov.

" Theophr. 16 Kopa^ iroWas fieraâXXeiv eiwdCos (fnova^ toijtuv

iav Taxv Sis (pdty^TjraL Kal iinppoi^'qcrri Kal Tivd^rj to. Trrepd^ v8u}p

(T7)ixaivei. Kal idu uerwv bvTiav iroWds fiera^dWri (pojvds . . . Kal

idv T€ evdias idv re vdaros 6vtos pa^riTaL rfj (poopy olov aTa\ay/J.oiJS,

iidotip ayjfxalveL. idv re KopaKcs idv re KoXoiol dvoj TriTcovrai

Kal lepaKi^coaiv, v5u}p a-q/xaivovcn ; cf. Verg. G. i. 381 f.

"^ Theophr. 18 kuI i] viJTTa rjixepos idv virLovcra virb rdyeiaa dTroTrT€pvyl^7)TaL, vScjp arj/xaivet, bfioluis 5i /cat KoXoiol Kal

d\eKTpv6v€Sf idv re iwl Xi/JLvrj 7) daXdrrrj diroiTTepvylôJVTai^ wsVTjTTa vdwp arfixalvei. Kal ipodibs 6pdpiov (pdeyyd/xevos vbwp ^

456

PHAENOMENA

testines <* (earthworms). Tame fowl ^ with father

Chanticleer well preen their plumes and cluck aloudwith voice like noise of water dripping upon water.

Ere now, too, the generations of crows " and tribes

of jackdaws have been a sign of rain to come fromZeus, when they appear in flocks and screech like

hawks. Crows, too, imitate with their note theheavy splash of clashing rain, or after twice croaking

deeply they raise a loud whirring with frequent

flapping of their wings, and ducks '^ of the homesteadand jackdaws which haunt the roof seek cover underthe eaves and clap their wings, or seaward flies the

heron with shrill screams.

Slight not aught of these things when on thy guardfor rain, and heed the warning, if beyond their wontthe midges * sting and are fain for blood, or if on a

misty night snuff gather on the nozzle of the lamp,/

or if in winter's season the flame of the lamp nowrise steadily and anon sparks fly fast from it, like

light bubbles, or if on the light itself there dart

quivering rays, or if in height of summer the

TTvevfia <n}fjialvei, /cat eav eirl ddXarTav irerofiepos ôq. fiaWovv5aTos crrjfjLelov ij irvevfiaros Kal 6Xtos ôQv dvefiuides ; cf. Verg.G. i. 363 f. "notasque paludes Deserit atque altam supravolat ardea nubera."

^ Theophr. 23 Kal rb drjfida-iov to irepl ras fivlas \ey6fiepov

dXrjdh' 6Tav yap SaKvwai a4>o5pa^ vdaros arjfxelov.

f Verg. G. i. 390 ff. " Ne nocturna quidem carpentes

pensa puellae Nescivere hiemem, testa cum ardente vidererit

Scintillare oleum et putris concrescere fungos. " Theophr. 14

ol fxvKTfTes idv voTia y, vdcjp arjfjiaivovcrt, cqixaivovai 5k Kal

dve/xov Kara \6you wj B.v ^xwcrt irX-qdovs Kal fieyiOovi, a/xiKpol

8k Kal Keyxpi^Seti Kal \a/J.Trpol vdcjp Kal dve/j-ov. Kal Srap

Xet/xcDi/os TT}!' (j)\6ya (6 Xi/xjôs) dTroiOrj diaXnrwy olov jrop.cpdXvyas,

Odaros (rrj/xe'ioPy Kal idv TrrjbCjaiv al aKrlves iw' ai/rbp Kal cap

CTTTiudyjpes eiriyivuvTai ; 34 ixvKrjTes iirl Xijxôv vbriov wvevfj-a -Pj

vdiop (xrjfjLatyovaiv.

457

ARATUS

vrjcratoL opvides iTraoravrepoi <j)Opio)vraL. 260

ju-T^Se cry y' rj x^'^PV^ V^ rpiTToSos Trvpi^-^reco,

GTTivdrjpes or* €OJ(jl iripi irXioveSy XeXadeadau'

firjSe Kara (nroSirjv ottot avOpaKOS aWojxivoio 985

XdfJLnrjrai Tvepi cn^/xar* ioLKora Keyxp^LOLcnv

,

aAA' CTTt /cat TOL S6k€V€ TTepiOKOTricjJV V€TOLO. 255

Et ye fJLev rjepoecraa Trapef 6p€os fieydXoio

TTvOpLeva Teivqrai vecfyeXr], aKpai he KoXojvaL

<f)aivo)vrai Kadapal, pudXa k€V rod* vnevStos etT^s". 990

cuStos" K €L7)s /cat ore TrXareos rrapd irovrov

<f)aLV7]raL xÔLfJiaXrj v€(f)eX'rj, /xt^S' viJjoOl Kvpr], 260

aAA* avrov TrXarafxcovL TTapadXi^rjrai ojjlolt].

TiKerrreo 8* evSios fJiev icbv iiTL ;)(etjLtaTt /xaAAov,

€? 8e yaXrjvaiTjV ;!^€t/>tct>voêi^. cu Se /xaAa XPV 995

es" ârvTyv opdav, rrjv Kap/ctVos" dpiîeXiGGeL,

TTpcJora Kadaipofjievrjv TraGrjg virevepOev ofiLxXrjs' 265

/cctVi^ yap Ôivovri KaOaiperai ev ;\;€tjLta)i^t.

Kat <f)X6yes rjavxi'OLL Xvxvcov /cat vvKreplrj yXav^

'qcFvxov delSovaa pâpaivo/nevov ;^€t/>tcovos" iQCO

ytveado) roi crrjfJLa, /cat âvxo- Trot/ctAAoucra

C0pT7 €1^ €G7TepL7j KpOi^Tl TToXvcfxjQVa KOpOiVT]' 270

/cat KOpaKes jxovvoi fxev ep-q/jLatoL ôocjvreg

Sto'cra/cts', avrdp enetra jxer dOpoa KeKX-qyovres'

irXeiorepoL 8* dyeAi78ov, eTrrjv Koiroio /xe8cuvTat, 1005

i

" Theophr. 19 x^^P^ a-jrivdrfplôvcra iraaa TrepiirXeios vdaros

arifieLOV.

* Theophr. 25 (paal 34 nues Kai cl iv dvdpaî Xafiirpa xdXafa€7n(f)aivr]TaL, x^Xafai/ irpoa-qfxaiveLV ojs ra TroWd' ^cij' 5^ (oaTrep

K^yxpoi iXLKpol Xa/xirpoi iroWoi, dpifiov jxkv 6vtos evdiav, fxi]

dvifjiov d^ iidwp ij &vefxov ; cf. 42." Theophr. 51 "OXu/attos 5k Kai "Kdoos Kal oXws rot. 6pr) tol

C7}fxa.VTLKa Srav rds Kopv<pds Kadapds ^x^'^'-î eudiav arjixaivei. kolI

458

PHAENOMENA

island birds are borne in crowding companies. Benot heedless of the pot » or tripod on the fire, if

many sparks encircle it, nor heedless when in

the ashes of blazing coaP there gleam spots like

millet seed, but scan those too when seeking signs

of rain.

But if a misty cloud ^ be stretched along the baseof a high hill, while the upper peaks shine clear,

very bright will be the sky. Fair weather, too,

shalt thou have, when by the sea-verge is seen a

cloud low on the ground, never reaching a height,

but penned there like a flat reef of rock.

Seek in calm for signs of storms, and in storm for

signs of calm. Scan well the Manger,*^ wherebywheels the Crab, when first it is freed of every

covering cloud. For its clearing marks the waningtempest.

Take for sign of storm abating the steady-burning

flame of the lamp,* the gentle hooting of the owl

at night,/ and the crow ^ if with gentle varying note

she caw at eventide, and the rooks,^ when singly

they utter two lonely notes followed by frequent

rapid screams, and when in fuller company they

Srav TO, v4(f)r] irpbs rriv OdXacraav avrr^v irapa^uivvvrj, ev8i,€iv6v ; cf.

Verg. G. i. 401.<^ Theophr. 51 17 tov 6vov (pdrvrj 6t€ Sv Kadapa Kai Xafiirpa

(paivrp-ai., ev^LCivbv.

* Theophr. 54 Xi;x''os x^'-t^^^^^ Kaiofievos tjo-vxcuos evdiau

(rrj/maivei.

' Theophr. 52 yXaO^ i]<rvxouov (pdeyyo/xhrj 4v x^'-f^^^'- ^vUav

TrpoarffialveL' Kai vvKTiap x^tMwi'os rjavxa'iov q.8ov(Ta. Verg. G.

1. 402f. "Soils et occasum servans de culmine summoNequiquam seros exercet noctua cantus."

9 Theophr, 53 Kopoovy} 'iwdev eidiis iav Kpd^rj rpii, evblav, Kai

eairipas xetAtwi/os rjavxcuou g.5ou(Ta.

^ Theophr. 53 Kopa^ de fiouos fJ-kv ifavxcuou Kpd^cou, Kai iav

Tpls Kpd^xi, fierd tovto iroWaKis Kpa^rj, ev5ieiv6s.

4>59

ARATUS

(fxxjvrjs c/xTrActof ;;ât/)€«^ k€ tls ouaaaLTO,

Ota ra fxev ôococtl Xiyaivofxivoiaiv o/xo ta, 275

TToAAa Se hevhpeioio Trepl <f)X6ov, dXXor I'n avrov,

7J-)(i re K€iovoLV Kal VTrorpoiroL dTrrepvovrai.

/cat S' dv TTOV yipavoL p.aXaKrjs irpoTrdpoidc

yaXrjV7]S^

10 1(

do(j>aXi(ji)s ravvaaiev eva Spofjuov rjXtda irduai,

Ovhk TToXippodlOl K€V VTTevSLOL <f>Op€OLVTO. 280

'^H/xos' S' darepodev Kadapov <j)dos dfjL^Xuvrjraiy

ovSe TTodev v€<êAat TTeTTieapuivaL dvrioojGLV,

ovhi TTodev t,6<f)OS aAAos VTrorpexj) ovSe G€Xi]vr], lOlf

dAAd rd y eârnvr^s" avrcos dpL€vrivd (fyipcDvrai,

fjL7)K€TL roL ToSe (jTjfjLa yaXrjvaL7)9 eVt/ceto-^cu, 285

oAA' €7rt ;êt/xa S6k€V€' /cat OTTTrore rat fiev ecoacv

avrfj ivl X^PT) I'^^^'Aat, rat S* dAAat vtt avraXg

rat fJLCv dji€i^6jX€vaL, rat 8' iôindev (fyopecovrai. 102C

Kat XW^^ KXayyr]86v CTretyo/xevat ^pcofioto

X€iiJid)vos fieya Grj/Jia, /cat ivvedyrjpa Kopojvr] 290

vvKTcpov delSovcra, /cat oê ôcovre koXolol,

/cat GTrivos rjoja gttlôjv, /cat 6pV€a Trdvra

€/c TreAdyous' (j)€vyovra, /cat opx^Xos tj Kal ipiOevs 102f

Swcov es" KOiXas dx^d^y /cat ûAa /coAotcDv

e/c vofjiov ipxdfJieva rpa<f>€pov iirl 6i/jlov avXcv. 295

oi)S' dv €7n$ovdal fxeydXov ;)êtyLtd>vos' lovrog

« Verg. Georg. i. 410 ff. "Turn liquidas corvi presso ter

gutture voces Aut quater ingeminant, et saepe cubilibus

altis, Nescio qua praeter solitum dulcedine laeti. Inter se in

foliis strepitant; iuvat imbribus actis Progeniem parvamdulcisque revisere nidos."

* Theophr. 52 orav y^pavoi iriTiavTaL Kal ;tij dvaKdfiiTTbxnv,

eudiav ar}/j.aiv€L' ov yap Trirovrai rrplv fi B.v ireTd/xevoi nadapktScjcnv. Contrast the sign of storm, Theophr, 38 idu inroarpa-

(pQffi {yipavoC) Trerd/xevoi, xctyu.wj'a arjixalvovci. Verg. G. i. 373 ff.

460

PHAENOMENA

bethink them of the roost/ full of voice. Onewould think them glad, seeing how they caw now in

shrill screams, now with frequent flight around thefoliage of the tree, now on the tree, whereon theyroost, and anon they wheel and clap their wings.

Cranes, ^ too, before a gentle calm will wing their waysteadily onward in one track, all in a company, andin fair weather will be borne in no disordered flight.

But when the clear light from the stars is dimmed,though no thronging clouds veil, nor other dark-

ness hide nor Moon obscure, but the stars on a

sudden thus causelessly wax wan, hold that no morefor sign of calm but look for storm. Foul weather,

too, will come, when of the clouds some are stationary,''

but others passing by and others following after.

Sure signs of storm are geese ^ hastening with

many a cackle to their food, the nine-generation

crow cawing at night,* the jackdaw chattering late,

the chaffinch/ piping in the dawn, waterfowl all

fleeing inward from the sea,'' the wren ^ or the robin

retreating into hollow clefts, and tribes of jackdaws

returning late to roost from dry feeding-grounds.

When the furious tempest is imminent, the tawny

" nunquam imprudentibus imber Obfuit : aut ilium sur-

gentem vallibus imis Aeriae fugere grues."' Theophr. 45 Srav .eanbroju vecpQv 'irepa €Tn<p€pr]TaL, to. 8'

rjpefjLy, xet/i^pta.

^ Theophr. 39 XV^^^ ôu>vt€s /xaWov -^ irepl airop fxax^fêvot

" Theophr. 39 Kopwvrj Kal Kbpa^ koI k6\ol6s 6\pk q.dovT€s

Xî-fJ'-^pi'Oi..

f Theophr. 39 airipot cririûv 'iwdev xf'A'^pto''-

3 Theophr. 40 iav ck TreXdyovs ^pvides (pevyuxTiy x^'M*^*"*

arfixaivoucTL ; cf. Verg. G. i. 360 f.

'^ Theophr. 39 6pxtXos elaiuv Kal eia-dvofiepos els oiras x^'-f^^^"-

(Tr}fmLvov<n Kal ipideds uaa&rus.

461

ARATUS

TTpoaoroj TTOirjGaivro vofJLOV KrjpoLO jjLeXicrcrat,

dAA' avrov fieXtros re /cat epywv elXlaaovTaL' 1030

ovS^ vipov yepdvojv fjuaKpal gtlx^s avra KeXevda

reivovrai, arpocfxiSes Se TTaXifXTTeres OLTTOveovraL . 300

firjS^, 6t€ v-qvefJUiT] Kev apaxvia AcTrra êpr^raiy

Koi (jiXoyes aWvacrojcn jjuapaivopLCvai Xvxvolo,

•^ TTVp avrjrai (iTTOvSfj /cat zjTrewSta Xvxi^cl, 1036

TTLGreveLV ;êt/xa)vt. rt rot Aeyco oacra TriXovrai

Gruxar e??' avdpdyirovs ; Srj yap /cat deLKeC Ti^pj] 395

auTOU 7TrjyvvfJL€vr) VL(f)€TOV €7nr€Kp,ijpaLo,

/cat Au;ôj Xtdt'os', KeyxpoLS or* iocKora TrdvTrj

kvkXco GTiixar ex^L TTVpiXaixTrios iyyvdc fMV^r]^, 1040

dvdpaKi Se ^(LovTL x(^Xd^7]9, OTTirore XapuTTpos

avTOS ieiSrjraL, fieacTCp Se ol rjvre XeTrrrj 310

(jyaiviqrai vecfyeXr], Tvvpos evSodev alOopiivoio.

Yiplvoi S' av KapTTOLO KaraxOê? ovSe fjueXatvai

ax'^voi dTrelprjTOi' Trdvrr] hi re ttoXXos dXoievs 1045

atet 7Ta7rraLV€iy jjuij ol depog e/c X^P^^ ^PPV'TTpZvoL puev dafjLLvrj? dKvXov Kara fierpov eôucrat 315

XeifMCxyvos K€ Xeyoi€V iirl irXeov IcrxvcrovTO^

.

fjiT) fiev d8r]v e/CTrayAa TTepi^pidoLev dTrdvrr),

rrjXorepoj 8' avxpôio Gvvaaraxvoiev dpovpai. ^050* Theophr. 46 drav jxiXiTrai jxij diroir^TUVTai fiaKpav dXX'

avTOv iv rfj evdia iriTUJVTai, x^'-/^^^^ iadfievov armaivei ; Verg.G. iv. 191 fF. " Nee vero a stabulis pluvia impendenterecedunt Longius aut credunt caelo adventantibus Euris, Sedcircum tutae sub moenibus urbis aquantur, Excursusquebreves tentant."

* Theophr. 38 ikv viroaTpa(f>Co(n {yipavoi) ireTOfj.euot x^'Mwi'a

arjiiiaLvovai.

" Theophr. 29 apdxfia ttoWo. (pepojueva irpev/xa ^ %et/au;va

ffTjfxaivei.

** Theophr. 29 iav irvp /j.7] d^Xrj diTTeadai, x^'-I^^P'-^^' i^^^

iav \vxvos awreadai fii] idiXrj, x^'-l^^'^^ crrj/iaivei.

* Theophr. 42 T4<f)pa wriyvvixh'q vKperov {arjfiaivei).

462

I- PHAENOMENA

bees " go not far afield to cull wax, but wheel hardby their honey and their stores, nor do cranes ^ onhigh in long lines wing their steady onward course,

but wheel and double in their flight. Look, too,

for foul weather, when in windless calm airy

gossamers " are flying, and when the rays of the

lamp are wan and flickering, or when in fair weatherfire and torches ^ are hard to kindle. Why recount

all the warning hints that come to men ? Theunsightly clotting of the ash * is sign of snow : the

ring of spots like millet^ seed around the blazing

wick of the lamp betokens snow ; but sign of hail ^

are live coals, when they outward brightly *shine,

but in their centre appears, as it were, a hazy mist

within the glowing fire.

Nor are holm-oaks,^ laden with acorns, and the

dark mastich ^ untried. With frequent glance onevery side the miller ever peers, anxious lest the

summer slip from his hand. Holm-oaks with

moderate crops of frequent acorns will tell of heavy

storm to come. Pray that they may not be ex-

ceedingly heavy laden, but only that far from

drought the cornfields flourish even as they.

^ Theophr. 42 iav uKnrep K^xpois TroXXotj /cardTrXews (6 \{ixvos)

rj, X'^'-f^^P'-^^'-''^^''- ^^^ K^K\(f irepi to \a[xirpbv Coaiv evdlas

oijcrrjs, x'O''"^*^''-

i' Theophr. 25 (paal 8^ tlvcs Kal el iv &vdpaî Xafiirpa xdXafaeTrKpaiprjTaL, x^Xafaj' TrpoaTj/J-aiveiv ws tcl iroWd.

^ Theophr. 45 oi irpTvoi eav evKapirCxn, xet/iwves iroWol

a(p68pa yivovTai ; 49 oi vpTvoi orav evKapirdaL acpodpa, u>s fx^v to,

TToXXa X'^'-l^^^^ iax^pov arjfxaivovaiy, eviore 8e Kal avxfôvs (f>aaL

yivecrdaL.

< Pistacia Lentiscus L. See M. de Thevenot, Travels

into the Levant, Eng. trans. Lend. 1687, i, chap. Ixii. for

the confusion of cxj-ôs, cr/ciXXa {Urginea maritima) ; cf. Plut.

Per. 3.

^6S

ARATUS

TpnrXoa he crxtvo^ Kveei, rpiaaai Se ol auât

yivovrai KaprroXo, <j)ip€L Se re arjixad^ iKacrrrj 320

€^€L7]g apoTO). Kal yap t dporijcnov wp-qv

TpiTrXoa jjLelpovraL, /xecrcrTyv /cat eV* apiôrep' a/cpa*

TTpcbros lêv 7Tp(x)T7]V dpOGLV, pêacros Se re pbecrarjv 1^^^

KapiTOs dirayyeXKeiy TTvp,drr]v ye puev eaxaros

aAAcov.

ovTLva yap /coAAto-ra Xoxatrj ax^vog dp7]Tai, 325

Keivcp y ef aAAcov dpoois 7ToXv\r]'ios etr],

Tcp Se y' d(j)avpOTdrcp oXiyr], pêorao) he re pbeaarj.

avTCog 8* dvOepiKos rpLX^d gklXXtj^ VTrepavdel

(jrip,aT €77L(f)pda(jaGdat 6p,oiiov dpLrjTOio.

oorora S' ivl ax'ivov dporrjp e(j)pd(jaaTO KapTTio,

roacra Se Kal oklXXt]? TeKybaiperai dvOe'C XevKO).

Avrdp ore G^y^Kes pberoTrajpivov T^XiOa ttoXXoX

irdvTr} PeppiOojai, Kal eaTrepicDV TrpoTrdpoidev 1065

HXrj'CdScDV eiTTOL tl9 eirepxcpLevov ;\;et/xcDva,

olos €7tI a^riKeGOLV eXiaoerai avrcKa Slvos. 335

Oi^Xeiai Se ewes, OriXeia Se pbrjXa Kal atyes

OTTTTOT dvaQTpOii^Gioiv dyjis ^ Ta Se y dpaeva Trdvra

Se^dpuevai irdXiv avTLS dva^XrjSrjv ox^cDVTai, io70

avTios K€ cr^rjKeGGL pueyav ;(;€t/>tcDva Xeyoiev.

* Theophr. 55 6 rrjs ax^-vov Kapwbs cr-qfiaivei tovs dporovs'

^Xf' 5^ rpia fi^pr] Kal ecrriv b irpuros rod irpdjTov apbrov crrjfxeLOv,

6 devrepos rod devripov, 6 rpiros rod TpLroV Kal u)s B.v tovtwp

kXIvt] KdWicrra Kal yhrjTat ddpSraros, oirrcos ^|ei Kal 6 KaraTouTov dpoTos ; Cic. De div. i. 9 (quoted Plin. N.H. xviii. 228)" lam vero semper viridis semperque gravata Lentiscustriplici solita est grandescere fetu, Ter fruges fundens tria

tempora monstrat arandi.

"

^ Theophr. H.P. vii. 13. 6 Troteixat 8k (17 aKlWa) ras avd-q-

464

PHAENOMENA

Thrice <* the mastich buds and thrice wax ripe its

befries. Each crop in turn brings a sign for thesowing. For men divide the sowing season into

three—early, middle, late. The first crop of mastichheralds the first of grain ; the second the middle

;

the latest the last of all. The richest crop that

the teaming mastich bears will hint of the wealthiest

harvest from the plough : the meanest crop fore-

tells scanty grain, and average mastich heralds

average corn. Likewise the stalk of the squill ^

flowers thrice to give hint of corresponding harvest.

All the hints the farmer marked in the mastich

crop, the same he learns from the white blossom of

the squill.

But when in autumn frequent swarms of wasps"crowd on every side, one can foretell the winter-

storm to come even before the Pleiads are wester-

ing,^ swift and sudden as the eddy wherein the

wasps are wheeling. Sows and ewes and she-goats,

when after mating with the male they mate again,*

equally with wasps foretell heavy storm. When she-

cets rpets &v i} /x^v irpdjn] 8oKe2 arjfiaiveiv rbv irpCoTov Aporov, t] bk

devripa rbv fiicrov, 17 5^ Tpirr] rbv ô'XO'TOV. (hs yap Slv aSrai

yivcovTai, Kal oi dpoTOi ax^^^^ ovtojs eKâivovaiv.'^ Theophr. 47 ^<tti de ffrj/j.e'iov %ei/Lia'i'C(jj/ fjLeydXojv Kai 6/xPp<i}v

Kal drav yevuvrai iv ti^ /xeToirwpu} woWol a-tprJKes.

<^ The scholl. wrongly explain this of the " evening rising"

(iairepia dvaToXrj) of the Pleiades. The reference is to thetime when in the morning they are near the Westernhorizon, precisely as in Theocritus vii. 53 eaireploLs 'Epi(po(.s

means when the Kids are in the West in the morning. Thesetting of the Pleiades marked the beginning of Winter

;

here early Winter comes before they set. The statementsin the Calendars of late Greek and Roman writers have to

be used with the greatest caution.^ Theophr. 24 Srav {ttoXlv) ox^vwuraL irpbâTa ^ alyes, x^'M^fos

jxaKpov arj/jLelov.

2 H 4<65

ARATUS

oipe 8e fjnayofxevajv alycov inqXoiV re gvcjv re 340

')(aip€L dvoXôs dvrjp, 6 ol ov fxdXa daXTnocovri,

€u8tov (fyaivovcn pLâiofievai evcavrov.

Xat/0€t Kal yepdvoyv dyeXats (hpalos dporpevs 107f

wpLov ipôfxevais , 6 8' dcLpios avruKa /xaAAov

avrojg yap ;!êt/>ta>V6S' inepxcvrai yepdvoLCJiv 345

TTpoj'Ca fiev Kal fiaXXov opaXaSov ipxofjievrjcrLV

TTpojLOv avrdp or oifjk /cat ovk dyeXrfhd <j)aveZ(jai

irXeiorepov (jiopiovrai inl xpovov ouS' a/xa TroXXau, 108C

dfjiôXir) ;)êt^ta)vos' oêAAerat varepa epya.

Et 8e jSoes" /cat /xTjAa /xera ^plOovaav oTTCopTjv 350

yatav opvadcocnv, K€(f)aXd? 8* dvepiOLO ôprjos

dvTia T€LVOj(TLV, pudXa Kev Tore x^^f^^pov avral

YlXrj'CdSes ;)(;£t/xa>va Karepxop^^vaL (f)Op€OL€v. 108£

jlit) Se Ati7V opvxotev CTrel jxeyag ov Kara kog/jlov

yiverai ovre <j)VTOis x^t/x^v <j)iXog ovr dporoiaiv .356

aAAo, x^^^ ^'^V 'ôXXt) pueydXai^ iv dpovpacg,

IXrJTTOJ K€KpljXeVY) pL7]8e pXcoOpfj €776 TTOIT],

o(f)pa ng evearoX X^^PV TToriSeyimevog dvqp. 109C

Ot 8' elev KaOvTTepdev ioiKores darepes atet*

/X7^8' et? pL'QTe 8i;co /xi^re nXeoveg Ko/jLocovres' 360

TToAAot ya/o KopLococTLV 677* avxP'rjpw iviavrcp.

Ou8e /xei' opvidojv dyeXais rjTreipodev dvrip,

€K vrjGOiv ore TToXXal iTnTrXrjcrarcoGLV dpovpatSy \QQt

epxof-Uvov Bepeos ^cttpet' 77e/)t8et8te 8' atVcD?

djjbrjTO), ixT] ol Keveos Kal dxvpjXLOs eXdrj 365

avxP'(p dvL-qOeis. x^^P^^ ^^ "^^^ aliroXos dvrjp

* Theophr. 54 Trpo/Sara oê dxevdfieva ev5i.ei.vbv axoreXovai to

crrjfjLeiov. Contrast 40 Trpdâra iav irpwt dxei^T/rat, irpivtov xîfJ-iova

ar]fjLaivovai.

* Theophr. 38 yipavoi iav irpoit ir^Tiovrat Kal adpboi, Trpwt

XeifidaeL, iav bi 6\pk Kal ttoXvv xpij'OJ', 6\//i x^'-f^'^c^'-

" Theophr. 41 /teroTrci/jy iav irpdâra t) j86es dp^TTOiffi . . .

4>66

PHAENOMENA

goats and ewes and sows mate late " in the season, thepoor man rejoices, because their mating reveals to himthat is thinly clad the coming of an open winter.

In seasonable flight of thronging cranes ^ rejoices

the seasonable farmer : in untimely flight the un-timely ploughman. For ever so the winters follow

the cranes : early winters, when their flight is early

and in flocks : when they fly late and not in flocks,

but over a longer period in small bands, the later

farming benefits by the delay of winter.

If oxen and sheep ^ after the heavy-laden Autumndig the ground and stretch their heads to face the

North wind, verily the Pleiads at their setting will

bring a stormy winter. Pray that their digging benot excessive, for then is the winter exceedingly

severe and a foe both to tree and tilth. May deepsnow clothe the mighty fields, veiling the tender

shoot, not yet separate nor tall, so that the anxious

husbandman may rejoice in well-being.

May the stars above shine ever with due bright-

ness ; and may no comets,^ one nor two nor more,

appear ! for many comets herald a season of drought.

Nor on the mainland* does the husbandmanrejoice at the coming of summer to see trooping

flocks of birds, when from the islands they alight

upon his fields, but exceeding dread is his for the

harvest, lest vexed by drought it come with emptyears and chaff*. But the goat-herd rejoices even in

Tov xî-f^^^^ xet/A^ptoi' (T-qixaiveL. iv Zk tî IlbvTif (paalv brav

'ApKTOvpos dvareiXr} daxTOV, ii/avrlovs Tip ôppq. vifieffdai.

^ Theophr. 34 ol KOfirjraL dar^pes ws rd woWd Trveij/xaTa

ar]ixaivov<nv, idv 5k iroWoi, Kai avxi^6u." Theophr. 17 Kal d^povs orav iroWoi ddpooi (papQaiv Spvibes

ot ^lOTevovaiv iv vrjaip, vScjp (n^fjuivovaiv' edv dk ixirpioL, dyadbi^

al^l Kal ÔTO?s, idv de iroWol virepfioXTJ, avxH-bv iax^P^v.

467

ARATUS

avrals opvideacnv, irrrjv Kara fjuerpov tcocrtv,

iXnofjievos /xereTretra TToXvyXayeos eviavrov. HOO

ovTO) yap {JLoyepol /cat dX'qfjLove? dXXodev dXXot

^wofxev dvdpcxjTTOi. rd Se Trap ttocjI rravre? erot/xot 370

cnjjJLar* eTTiyvcjvai koI eGavriKa TTOiiqGaadaL.

'A/omo-t pikv x^f'H'^ÔL^ ireKfji'^pavTO vopurjeSy

is vofJLOV OTTTTore fidXXov eireiyoixevoi rpoxocDatv, 1105

aAAot 8* i$ dyeXrjs Kpioi, dXXoL 8e Kal a/xvoi

etVdStot 7rait,0)ULV e/oetSo/x€vot KepdeaorLV 375

rj OTTOT dXXodev dXXoL dvaTrXijacrcjoai TroSeacnv

rerpacjiv ol Kovôiy Kepaoi ye pikv dpLôrepoLGiv

ri Kal or ef dyeXir^s deKovcna KivqacjjGiv mOSetcAov etcreActovres' oficog, rd Se iravrodi Troiqs

SaKvcocriv TTVKivfJGL KeXevopieva XiOaKeaaLV. 330

*Ea<: 8e ôcbv eTTvdovr* dporai /cat ôvkoXol

dvSp€s

Kivv'fXevov xîixcjvos ' eTTel ôes oTTTTore x'^Xds

yXcjoGGT) VTTCopiaioio 77080? TTepiXiXP'TJcrctjVTaL, 1115

rj KOLTO) TvXevpds iirl he^Lrepds ravvaojvrai,

djJLôXiTjv dpOTOLO yepojv eTrUXTrer dporpevs. 385

ovh^ OT€ pLVKYjOfiOLO TTepLirXeioi dyepojvraL

epxpixevai aradpiovSe jSoes" ôvXvaiov (Lprjv,

GKvdpal Aet/xcDvos" TTopces Kal ôvôglolo 1120

avTLKa reKfJLaipovrai dx^lpLepoL e/xTrATô-eaât.

ovS^ atyes Trpivoio TrepiGirevôvGai aKavdais 390

€u8tot, ovhk Gves (f)opvTCp eTTLfjuapyaivovGai.

<• Theophr. 15 /SoOs ttjv irpoadlav bir\r)v Xeiâs x^'-P-'^'^^ îidiop a'qp.alvei.

* Theophr. 41 jS6es . . iirl to Seîop KaraKXiPOfievoL xet/nepioi';

54 /SoOs iiri rb apLcrrepov i^xi-ov KaTaKKivbiievos evdiav arjiuaivei,

. , iirl Seîbv de x^'-f^'^^^'" Theophr. 49 Kal to iravTaxov 5e Xeyb/xevop (rrnxetov drjiubaiov

Xei/Jt-^piov 6Tav aves [/xves Th. ; fives (sic) Wimmer, Hort] irepl

468.

PHAENOMENA

the birds, when they come in moderate flocks

with promise of a season of plenteous milk.For thus do we poor, changeful mortals win in

divers ways our livelihood, and all are ready to

mark the warnings at their feet and adopt themfor the moment.

Sheep warn the shepherd of comilig storm whenthey rush to pasture in haste beyond their wont, butsome behind the flock, now rams, now lambs, sport

bj the way with butting horns, when some here,

some there, they bound aloft, the sillier young withfour feet off the ground, the horned elders with two,

or when the shepherd moves an unwilling flock,

though it be evening when he drives them to their

pens, while ever and anon they pluck the grass,

though urged by many a stone.

From oxen too the ploughman and the neat-herd

learn of the stirring of the storm. When oxen lick <*

with their tongue around the hooves of their fore-feet

or in their stalls stretch themselves on their right

side,^ the old ploughman expects the sowing to bedelayed. When with ceaseless lowing the kine

collect as they wend at eventide to their stalls,

the heifers reluctant to leave the meadow pasture-

land give warning that anon they will not feed in

stormless weather. Not fair weather do the goats

betide when greedy for prickly holm-oak, and the

sows rage furiously over their bedding.^'

(popvToD /idxwi'Tai /cai (f>ipu3(TLv. Verg. G. i. 399 f. (a goodweather sign is when) " non ore solutes Immundi memineresues iactare maniples. " Plut. Mor. 129 a seems to attribute

this sign to Democritus : droirov yap dan KopaKiav ixkv \a-

pvyyiafxols Kai KXwafMots (KXcoy/xols) dXeKTopidwp Kai " crvaiv eirl

(popvT<^ fiapyaivovaaLS," ojs ^(f>v ArjfioKpiTOS, eirifieXCos irpoaex^ip,

a-rj/xeia -rroiov/xevovs irvevfxaTwv Kai bjx^pwv.

469

ARATUS

Kat XvKOs OTTTTore fiaKpa fxovoXvKos (Lpvrjrai,

rj oy dpOTpijajv oXlyov ire^vXayfievos dvSpaJv 1125

epya Karepx^jTai, GKenaos ;!âTeo^'Tt ioLKcos,

iyyvdev dvOpcoTTCOv, Iva ol Xexos avroOev eirj, 396

Tpls TTepLTeXXopLevrjs rjovs x^^'H'^^^ 8ok€V€lv.

ovroj /cat TTporepoig inl arip.a(jL reKfjLTJpaio

icraojJLevajv dvefiojv 7] pêtâTOS" ^ veroXo, 1130

avTTjv rj fJLerd rrjv rj Kat rpLTarrjv er is rjoj.

'AAAd yap ovhe puves, rerpiyores et rrore fidXXov 400

evSiOL eGKLprrjGav €olk6t€S opxrjdfjLoXarLv, S

d(JK€7TroL eyevovTo TraXaiorepois dvOpwiTois' ^

ouSe Kvves' koL yap re kvcjjv (hpvâro ttoogIv 1135

diJL(jiorepoLS xet/xwvos" eTrepxofievoLO SoKevcvv,

/cat K€LVOL ;(€t/xaiva /xues" rore [xavrevovraL. 405

/cat jjurjv €^ vharos /cat KapKivos cox^'ô x^pfôv,

X€LiJLCovos jLteAAovTOS" iTTaiGueuOai oholo.

Kat jLtues" rjfJLepLot. ttoggl orri^dSa arpaj<f)(xjvres 1140

KOLTTjs IpLeipovraL, 6t ofi^pov GTJjjbara âtVot.

Tc5v jjirjhev Karovocrao- KaXov 8' eVt orjpLari

ârjp,a 410

aK€7TT€a6aL' pbdXXov Se Svolv etV ravrov lovrwu

iXTTOjprj reXidoLy rpLrdrcp Se /ce daparrjaeiag.

atet 8* av irapiovTOS dpLdpLoir]s eviavrov 1145

oriixara, GvpL^dXXojv et ttou /cat eV darepi rolr)

rjdjs dvreXXovTL âetVcrat -^ KanovTiy 415

OTTTToirjv /cat o-^/xa Xeyoi. fxaXa 8' dpKcov etr]

^/âjecjât ^divovros e^tcrra/xeVoto re fxrjvos

rerpaSas dp^ôripas' at yap r' a/xuSts" oT^vtoi^ro^v 1150

470

PHAENOMENA

When a solitary wolf/* howls loud, or when, as if

he sought for shelter, recking little of farmer men,he descends to the cultivated lands near to men to

seek a lair there, expect a storm when the third

dawn comes round. So, too, by the previous signs

thou canst forecast the winds or storm or rain to

come on the self-same day or on the morrow or it

may be on the third mom.Mice,^ too, as sign of storm, whenever with louder

squeakingthan their wont they gambolled and seemedto dance in fair weather, were not unmarked by the

weather-seers of old. Nor were dogs. The dog"with both his paws digs when he suspects the

coming of a storm, and then too those mice turn

prophets. And landward comes the crab, when the

storm is about to burst.

Mice in the daytime toss straw and are fain to

build a nest when Zeus shows signs of rain.

Make light of none of these warnings. Goodrule it is to look for sign confirming sign. Whentwo point the same way, forecast with hope ; whenthree, with confidence. Thou canst always add the

signs of the passing season, comparing whether at

rising or at setting of a star the day dawn such as

the calendar would herald. It would profit muchto mark the last four days of the old and the first

four of the new month.<^ They hold the terms of

" Theophr. 46 \{ikos (bpvofxevos x^'/^<^''« cruxaLveL 5id rpiCov

7}iJL€pQ}p. XijKos 6Tav irpbs to. ipya bpjxq. -^ daw xî-f^^ôs lopg.,

X^tfiQi'a arj/xaivei evdvs.

* Theophr. 41 fives rplôvres koI opx^fievoi. xet/x^piov.

" Theophr. 42 kvc^ju tols iroalv opvTTOvaa . . . x^'/^/'*'"'-^ Theophr. 5 fidXtcrTa 5^ Kvpubrara (sc. arjfiela) dirb tov i)\iov

Kal TT]S aeXrjvrjs. rj yap aeX-qviq vvktos olov TJXios iart' Sib Kai al

advoboL tQ}v ixt}vQiv xe'M^P'O^ d<nv 8ti. airokelireL rb (pQs ttjs aeXrjvrjs

dirb T€Tpddoi (pdifovTos p-expi- Terpados IcrTafxevov . . .

471

ARATUS

firji'aJv TTeipar exovoriv, ore a^aXepcorepos aWrjp

OKroj vv^'l TreAet, XV'^^'' ;)^ap07roto ctcAtJ^'i^S'. 420

Twv dfxvSis TrdvTOJV idKepLpiivos etV eviavrov

ovBe7TOT€ GX^B^cos K€V ctt' aWepL T€KjJiiqpaiO

.

472

PHAENOMENA

the meeting months^ when the sky on eight nights

is deceptive beyond its wont for lack of the bright-

eyed Moon.Study all the signs together throughout the year

and never shall thy forecast of the weather be a

random guess.

47S

LYCOPHRON

INTRODUCTION

I. Thp: Life of Lycophron

Our authorities for the life of Lycophron are a noticein Suidas s.v. AvKOippwv, and a Life by Tzetzes prefixed to

his commentary (Westermann, Biogr. p. 142)^ and somescattered references in other authors. The informationwhich these ^ive us is of the scantiest kind, and in thematter of dates we have to depend on various inferences.

Lycophron was a native of Chalcis in Euboea ; son ofSocles (possibly the Socles of Athen. xi. 473 a) and the

adoptive son of the historian Lycus of Rhegium, of wKomSuidas s.v. Avko$ says: ^^Also called Butheras, of

Rheg-ium, historian, father of Lycophron the tragedian;

flourished in the time of the Diadochi and was plotted

against by Demetrius of Phalerum, He wrote a history

of Libya, and on Sicily."

The date of Lycophron's birth may be put about 330-

32.5 B.C. His earlier years seem to have been spent in

Chalcis and Athens, possibly also in Rhegium, and his

literary activity was devoted to the writing of tragedies.

In those early years he naturally came in contact with

Menedemus (died soon after 278 b.c.) of Eretria, founder

of the Eretrian or Neo-Megarian School of Philosophy

(Life in Diog. Laert. ii. chap. 17) ; cf. Doig. Laert. ii.

132. Menedemus was fond of entertaining and held

symposia both of poets and musicians. 'Ho-7rafero 5^ Kai

"Aparov Kal AvKocppova tov t^s rpaytpdias ttoltjtt]!/ Kai rbv "PoSiov

'Avrayopap (epic poet : some lines of his to Eros preserved

in Diog. Laert. iv. 26 f.). To this period must belong

the Menedemus of Lycophron, which was a satyric

477

LYCOPHRON

drama : Diog. Laert. ii. 140 & irdvTa (pijalv 6 AvkS^pojv iv

iyKiiifJiLOP Tov <f)i.\oa6<t>ov TrotTjtras to dpdfxa. Siv Kai Tiva iari

ToiavrL'

(Jjs iK Ppaxîas dairbs rj âih Kv\t^

avTois KVKXeirai irpbs îrpov, Tpdyr]iJ.a dk

6 crw(j>povi(rTT]% rots (Pl\7}k6ols \6yos.

(fr. 3 Nauck)

(i.e. " When after a scanty meal the little cup circles

among them moderately and for desert the studious

guests have improving conversation "),

Athen. ii. 65 n " Lycophron of Chalcis in a satyric

drama which he wrote in mockery {eirl Kara/jLWKriaei) onMenedemus the philosopher, from whom was named the

sect (aipeo-is) of the Eretrics, making fun of the banquets of

the philosophers says A:ai577ju6/coii'os . . . a-i;/A7r6T7;j" (seeWow).Athen. x. 419 f., after an amusing description from the

Life of Menedemus by Antigonus of Carystus of the

bamjuets of Menedemus, adds : ^'Lycophron of Chalcis,

too* bears witness with regard to these,, having written

a satyric play Menedemus {ypdxpas crarvpovs M.evidrjfj.ov), in

which Silenus says to the satyrs :

waldes KpariaTov irarpos €^(x)\^crTaToi,

iyCo ixkv vfxtv, m oparc, arprjuiCj'

deiTTvov yap ovt ev Kapiqi, /xa tovs deois,

oUt iv 'P6S(fToiovTOP oUt ' iv Av8ig.

KaT€X<^ 8e8€nrvr]K(bs. "AiroXXov ws Ka\6v.

(fr. 1 Nauck)

(i.e. " Cursed children of most excellent father, 1, as yousee, wax riotous. For not in Caria, by the gods, nor in

Rhodes, nor in Lydia, do I remember to have dined so

well ! Apollo ! what a feast!

") ; and again :

dXXd KvXiKiov

vSap^s 6 trais irepLTjye tov ttcvtojôXov,

dTpifxa irapeêaTTjKSs. 6 t dXiT-qpLos

Kal drjfioKOLVos iirex^p^ve 8a\pi\T]s

dip/xos irevrjTuv kuI TpiKKlvov ffVfjiirbTrjs.

(fr. 2 Nauck)

478

INTRODUCTION

(i.e. " But the boy carried round a watery cup of five-obol

wine, slightly turned ; and the accursed hangrnan lupinedanced on abundantly—the boon-companion of poor menand the dining-room ").

He goes on to say that discussions were carried on overtheir wine {^TjTrjaeis fiaav irapa ttStov),

Tpdy7]/j.a yap6 <T(t)<ppovi<TT7]s iraffiv iv fxiaia \6yos.

(fr. 3 Nauck)(i.e. ^^For dessert improving conversation").

It is related, too^ that their meetings were often so

prolonged that6 Tr)v 'dco KaXQv

KariXa^ev 6pvis, roiai 5' ovbeiro} Kopos.

(fr. 4 Nauck)

(i.e.^*^ Chanticleer, calling the dawn, surprised them still

unsatisfied ").

It was inevitable that Lycophron should be attracted

by the brilliant literary society then flourishing in

Alexandria. Thither accordingly he went, at what datewe do not precisely know. But we have seen that Suidas,

in his notice of Lycus, mentions the enmity which existed

between that historian and Demetrius of Phalerum.Demetrius apparently enjoyed great influence with PtolemyI., whom he advised to put the crown of Egypt past the

son of Berenice. That son came to the throne as PtolemyII. Philadelphus in 285 B.C. on the abdication of his

father, and, after the death of the latter in 283 b.c, heput Demetrius under ward n^xp^ " 56|€t Trepl avrov. Shortly

afterwards Demetrius was bitten in his sleep by an asp

and died (Diog. Laert. v. 78). The removal of his

adoptive father's enemy would open the way for Lycophronto go to the court of Ptolemy, and we shall probably be

sufficiently near the truth if we suppose that he went to

Alexandria circ. 285-283 b.c.

Here Lycophron was entrusted with the arrangementof the Comic Poets in the royal library, and it was then

doubtless that he wrote his treatise llepi KUfxifdlas : Athen.

479

LYCOPHRON

iv. 140 A ; vii. 278 a b AvKdcppojv ev rots irepi K(Vfjup8ias ; xi.

485 D AvK6(pp(av 8' iv T(f B' irepl KU}fX({}dlas ; xi. 501 d e ; xiii.

555 A AvKocppiav 6 XoKKidevs iv rots irepl KWfXi^bia^.

How longLycophron remained in Alexandria, or whetherhe died there, we have no knowledge. Nor do we knowanything of the circumstances of his death beyond whatwe gather from Ovid,//>i.s' 531 f., who seems to imply that

he was killed by an arrow :

Utque cothurnatum cecidisse Lycophrona narrant,

Haereat in fibris fixa sagitta tuis.

2. W^ORKS

The notice in Suidas s.v. AvKo^pusv after mentioning his

parentage proceeds: "Grammarian and maker of tragedies.

At any rate he is one of the seven who were called thePleias. His tragedies are Aeolus, Andi'omeda, Aletcs

(Wanderer), Aeolides,^ Elephenor, Heracles, Hiketae(Suppliants), Hippolytus, Cassandreis, Laios, Marathonii,

Nauplius, Oedipus a j8', Orphanus (Orphan), Pentheus,

Pelopidae, SymmacM (Allies), Telegonus, Chrysippus. Ofthese the Nauplius is a revised version {SiaaKevri). Healso wrote the play called Alexandi'a, the obscure poem{to <xkot€lv6v TToirjfia)."

ITie nXeids was the name given by the later Alexandrinescholars to the seven most eminent tragic poets of the

time of Ptolemy Philadelphus. The list is variously given.

Schol. A Hephaest. p. 140 Consbr. gives Homer theyounger (son of Andromachus and Myro), Sositheus, Lyco-phron, Alexander (Aetolus), Philicus (Philiscus), Dionysia-

des. Here some name is wanting. Choeroboscus, Hephaest.

p. 236 Consbr., gives the last three as Aeantiades, Sosi-

phanes, Philicus, but mentions that for Aeantiades andSosiphanes some give Dionysiades (Strabo xiv. 675) andEuphronius.

According to Tzetzes in Lye. pp. 262 and 270 (Miiller)

Lycophron wrote in all either 64 or 46 tragedies. Thelist in Suidas, apparently extracted from a more complete

« ALdaXidTjs O. lahn, Philol. xxviii. 6.

480

INTRODUCTION

list, is in a roughly alphabetical order. It need only benoticed further that some of the titles suggest Lycophron'stendency to use the less familiar myths, while the Cas-sandreis apparently dealt with the fortunes of the peopleof Cassandreia=Potidaea (Strabo vii. 330) on tlie isthumsof Pallene, and was thus founded on contemporary history.

Besides the fragments of the Menedemus quoted abovewe have four lines from the Pelopidae preserved in J.

Stobaeus, Floril. 119. 13 AvKocppovos e/c IleXoTriSa);'

•

dW i)viK B.V fikv -g irpdcru) rb Kardaveiv,

"Ai8r]s irodeiTai tois 8e8vaTvxVKO<TLV'

Stup 8' iipepiriQ KVixa Xoiadiov ^iov,

rb ^7}v irodovixev' ov yap iar' avToO Kopos.

(fr. 5 Nauck)While death is far awaySad hearts are fain to die ; j

But when the latest waveOf life draws nigh,

We fain would live, for life

Knows no satiety.

The date of the Alexandra has been the subject ofmuch dispute.

It is argued, on the one hand, that it belongs to the

early or Chalcis - Athens period of Lycophron's life

because (1) it shows no trace of Attic or Sicilian comedy,while it is full of echoes of tragic, lyric, and iambic poets

;

(2) it shows no special knowledge of Egyptian geographynor any trace of his special relation to the Ptolemaic

court. Thus Alexandra 576 Triton = Nile, while in 848Asbystes = Nile. Wilamowitz held that Callim. fr. 13

(from the Aitia i.) ap. Steph. Byz. s.v. 'A<rj3vcrTia' oltj re

Tpircopos €(j> v8a<XLv 'ka^varao is meant as a tacit correction

of this. (But it is quite in Lycophron's manner to use

either Triton or Asbystes indifferently to mean Libyan.)

On these grounds it is argued tliat the Alexandra as a

whole may be dated as early as 295 b.c.

As against this it is urged (1) that Lycophron wouldscarcely have been included in the Pleias, if on comingto Alexandria he bad ceased to write tragedy. (2) The

2

1

481

LYCOPHRON

enormous number of tragedies ascribed to him implies a

prolonged activity in that kind.

But two passages in the Alexandra cause special

difficulty : vv. 1226-1280 and 1446-1450.

The first of these passages raised difficulties in the

mind of the schol. Marc. (Theon }) v. 1226 f. ivrevdev irepl

'Pw/uaiwj' \iyeL /cat AvKdcppovos eripov vofMicTTiov eluac to woirjfia, o^

rod ypd\pavTOS Tr]v rpayipdiav' avurjdrjs yap dv t(^ ^i\ad^\(f)q) ovk

hv irepi 'FufiaLcou dieX^yero (cf. Tzetz. ad loc. irepl 'Fufiaicov

ivrevdev diaXafx^dvei. ra 8e Xoiira rod crxoXiov yeXoia' 0acrt yap

AvK6(f)povos eripov etvai to iroirjixa . . . SieXeyeTo), i.e. Lyco-

phron at the court of the Ptolemies would not havereferred to the Romans as holding ^'^the sceptre andmonarchy of earth and sea" (1229).

But apart from the position of LycophronI as a court

poet, a further difficulty was raised by C. J. Fox (1749-

1806), in his correspondence with Gilbert Wakefield(1756-1801). Fox pointed out that a Greek poet of

Lycophron's time, i.e. before the First Punic War (264-241 B.C.), could not have referred to the power of Romein the terms of 1226 IF. and 1446 if. which also apparently

refer to Rome.R. P. Knight to Dr. Parr, Whitehall, Jan. 22 :

" Foxand I have been lately reading Lycophron, and havingbeen both startled with the distinctness of some predic-

tions of events which happened long after the age whenhe is supposed to have flourished, we have had somecorrespondence upon the subject, but without any other

eff*ect than increasing our perplexity. The TestimoniumVeterum, published with Potter's edition, is strong in

support of the authenticity of this poem, and of its beingwritten by one of the Pleiades, as they are called ; yet in

V. 1226 et seq. there is a distinct prediction of the uni-

versality of the Roman Empire ; and in v. 446, as distinct

a one of the fall of the Macedonian monarchy ixed' cKrrjv

yevedv (sic) from Alexander, who is clearly described.

Perseus, indeed, was not the sixth king of Macedoniafrom Alexander, but, nevertheless, he was the sixth in

the line of descent of his own family from that conqueror,

482

INTRODUCTION

which is more in point. Cannot you prove that Lycophronwas a Jew or Atheist who conversed with some inspiredpersons of that nation ? What a triumph would it be for

Revelation ! for^ except the prophecies of Isaiah concern-ing Cyrus_, there are none in the sacred volume half so

unequivocal ; and the merely human testimony (the onlyone which infidels will admit) in support of the propheciesof Isaiah, is weak indeed when compared with that in

support of Lycophron" (Parr's Works vii. p. 304).

Niebuhr" assumed that the Alejcandra was the work of

a later poet who wrote after the First Punic war. Ingeneral scholars have inclined to one or other theory :

that the passages in question are later interpolations,

or that the Alexandra as a whole is the work of a later

poet.

The reference in 1435 ff. is exceedingly obscure.

According to Wilamowitz the lines refer to Alexander the

Great. The Argives who must bow themselves before

him are the Persians, who are in 1442 designated by the

word ofxaifjiot. as brothers of Alexander ; (^ 1446 is, accord-

ing to Wilamowitz, Alexander. He translates fied' eKT-rjv

y^uvav avdaifiojv ifios as ^^ mihi post sex geuerationes co-

gnatus," and he reckons the six generations backwardsfrom Cassandra thus : Cassandra—Priam—Laomedon

—

Ilos—Tros—Dardanus—Zeus, whose son was Perseus,

ancestor of the Argeads and the Persians, Hdt. vii. 150.

Hence he concludes that avdaifiojv e/nos must be either the

Persian people generally, or a definite Persian. He him-

self decides for Artabazos, father of Barsine, whose son

(Heracles) by Alexander was put to death by Polyperchon

in 309 B.C. (L. 801 if.).

Holzinger ^ takes the reference in 1485 if. to be to

Pyrrhus (aWujv, 1489). The wolf of Galadra is Demetrius

Poliorcetes. The sons of Cassander, who as sons of

Thessalonice are Argeads, were compelled to give up the

* B. G. Niebuhr, " Ueber das Zeitalter Lykophrons des

Dunkeln," Rhin. Jfw5., 1827, pp. 108 ff.

* Lykophrons Alexandra^ gr. u. deutsch, C. von

Holzinger, Leipzig, 1895.

483

LYCOPHRON

throne of Macedonia to Demetrius. The blood-relation

of Cassandra is Fabricius, who is the eh tls TraXaiaTTfjs 1447.

Holzing-er takes fied' ^kttjv 7^^;'a»'—most improbably— to

mean "after six crops," in reference to the six years'

duration of the campaign of Pyrrhus in Italy. Holzingerputs the date of the Alexandra about 274 b.c.

William N. Bates in Harvard Studies in Classical

Philology vi. (Boston, 1895) discusses " The Date ofLycophron" p. 75 f. This discussion appears to beentirely without value, but his conclusion may be quoted :

Lycophron '^was born between 325 and 320, wrote his

Alexandra about 295, was appointed to arrange thecomedies in the Alexandrian library in 285-284 " (this is

based on the assumption that the Alexandra was imitated

in the /8aj/A6s of Dosiades written 285-270 (Wilamowitz),292-290 (Susemihl)) ;

'' about 280 he was flourishing as atragic poet, and continued as such down to the date of his

death, which must have occurred before the year 250, andprobably shortly before the year 265."

The problem of the Alexandra is discussed byP. Corssen, "1st die Alexandra dem Tragiker Lykophronabzusprechen .^

" Rhein. Mus. Ixviii., 1913, pp. 321-335.

He agrees with Sudhaus that the Lion 1439 is Alexanderthe Great and that the 'Apyelot 1443= n^p(rat {cf. Herodot.vii. 150) ; but he does not agree with him in identifying

avdaijxwv ifids 1446 with T. Quinctius Flamininus, who de-

feated Philip V. of Macedon at Cynoscephalae in 197 b.c.

To that identification he objects that (1) o-kvXuv dw-

apxds kt\. 1450 would in that case be meaningless, as

the Romans got no immediate profit from the war with

Philip; (2) the victory of Flamininus, in alliance with the

Achaeans and actively supported by the Aetolians, the

fruits of which fell to the Greeks, the ancient enemies of

Troy, could in no sense be regarded as a revenge for the

destruction of Troy.

Corssen's own view is briefly as follows : The struggle is

between Asia and Europe, which have nothing in common(1283 f.). In this struggle the two great events are the

destruction of Troy by Agamemnon and the expedition

484

INTRODUCTION

of Xerxes against Greece. According to Herodotus it wasin the destruction of Troy that the Persians found theground of their hostility to Greece. Accordingly, to

tlie sack of Troy by Agamemnon 1369 if. corresponds theexpedition of Xerxes 1412 ff. The long struggle betweenAsia and Europe is ended by Alexander the Great 1439 ff.,

who as successor to Agamemnon leads the hosts ofEurope against Asia,

The leading idea in the poet's mind is not of '' recon-ciliation " either between Rome and Macedon or betweenRome and Greece—but of the equating justice of Fate.

W^hat Troy lost in the East is balanced by the success of

Troy's descendants—the Romans—in the West, and this

is expressed in 1226 if.

Here arises the difficulty of the words yrjs kuI OoKdcaris

aKYJirrpa /cat ixovapxioiv

.

Now if by fjLovapxla we understand world-dominion, thenthat could not be predicated of the Romans even after the

battle of Cynoscephalae, in view of the fact that the

power of Syria and Egypt was still unshaken. World-dominion could not be predicated before the battle of

Pydna in 168 b.c.

The poet of the Alexandra knows nothing of the extent

of the Roman dominion as at the beginning of the second

century b.c. The limits of the Roman kingdom knownto him must be assumed to coincide with the limits of the

kingdom of Aeneas as described in 1238 ff., together

with the extensions made through the struggle of the

Romans with the sixth successor of Alexander the Great

(1450).

From the conquest of the Persians by Alexander the

poet passes to Pyrrhus and the Romans.The Lion of 1440 is clearly a definite person and, as

the ancient scholia recognized, must be Alexander the

Great, who is a Thesprotian, i.e. an Epeirote, on his

mother's side, and a Chalastraean, i.e. a Macedonian,

(Strabo vii. 330. 20) on the father's side, and is moreover

a descendant of Aeacus and Dardanus (1440) through his

mother : t] 8k 'OXvfiinas i] fiTfiTrjp avroO ct's UOppov t6v 'AxtXX^ws

485

LYCOPHRON

Kal "EXepov rbv Tlpidfxov to yevos t6 dv^Kadev dv4(p€p€v, Cos <(>T](n

QedTTOfx-wos Kal Ilvpavdpos. dva^^perat 5^ 6 Hvppos els AIukSu, 6

8^"EX€vos et's Adpdavov (schol. Lycophr.).

Now if the Lion is Alexander, tlie M^olf of Gaiadra (a

Macedonian town, according to Steph. Byz.) must bedistinguished from him. The explanation of the expres-

sion is no longer apparent, but the Wolf must embody thewhole nation which, finally, was conquered by the Romans.

The six generations must be "represented by the kings

of Macedon. Including Alexander, we get Pyrrhus in thesixth place, thus : Alexander, died 323 ; Philip Arrhidaeus,died 817 ; Cassander, died 297 ; his three sons 297-295

;

Demetrius Poliorcetes 294-288 ; Pyrrhus. The fact that

Pyrrhus immediately lost the throne of Macedon does notprevent the poet from seeing in him the heir of Alexanderwho, turning against the descendants of the Trojans,renews the old struggle. The '^^ wrestler" (1447) is, like

the Wolf of Gaiadra, not an individual but the wholepeople.

When the poet says that the Romans came into collision

with Pyrrhus by sea and by land, that is not in the strict

sense true. But Pyrrhus suffered from Rome's allies, theCarthaginians, a heavy defeat at sea, -which benefited

Rome as well, and tlie Romans themselves, through theGreek towns of South Italy, won importance at sea, so

that the expression 7^5 Kai daKdaa-rjs aKijirTpa Kal ixovapx^av

referring to the successes won in the'Tarentine War, is

not entirely without justification. But the term fxovapxia

is to be understood in the light of the historical idea whichunderlies the whole poem ; i.e. the Persians handed overthe sceptre of their old dominion, for which Asia andEurope had fought from of old, to the Wolf of Gaiadra.Pyrrhus loses the sceptre to the Romans, and thus theold dominion, which was taken from Priam by Agamemnon,reverts again to the Trojans.

With Pyrrhus the Romans made neither peace nortreaty. Pyrrhus gave up the struggle and went backhome. But before Tarentum fell, the astute Ptolemy,rightly recognizing the importance of the Roman victory,

486

INTRODUCTION

hastened to conclude an alliance with them. TheRomans on their side sent an embassy in 273 b.c. toAlexandria^ wlwch was honoured by Ptolemy with valuablegifts'^ which^ however, the ambassador handed over to thestate. (Dio Cassius Ir. 41, Livy, Perioch. xiv.) Thepersonal object to ]»e supplied with et's 5iaXXa7ds fxokdiv

is, accordingly, not the defeated party. After his victorythe Roman will conclude agreements and be celebrated asthe most honourable friend.

On this interpretation the prophecies of Cassandra donot go beyond the poet's own time, and his glorification ofthe Romans does not stand in contradiction to the policyof his royal master.

Thus the statement of Suidas that the author of theAlexandra was Lycophron the tragic poet is confirmed.Nor is there good ground for doubting his statement that

Lycophron of Chalcis, son of Socles, was adopted byLycus of Rhegium. Beloch, holding that Suidas hasconfused two different Lycophrons—(1) of Chalcis, son of

Socles, author of the Alexandra, (2) son of the historian

Lycus of Rhegium, the tragic poet at the Court of PtolemyPhiladelphus—found support for this theory (1) in

Suidas s.v. Xvko% where Lycus is called the father of the

tragic Lycophron, (2) in the Tzetzes' Life where it is said :

6 AvK6(f)p(x}v ovToal ry fiî^ yeveL Xa\KL8€i;s û vibs SwkXôus ij

A6kov tov i(rTopLoypa(f)OvvTOS Kara. TLvas.

This, Corssen says, is merely a wilful perversion of the

tradition, induced by the surprise vvhich the Scholiast

expressses that a court poet of Philadelphus should haveexpressed himself in praise of the Romans. But just this

surprise shows what the tradition was.

To the objection that, if the author of the Alexandra

were the adoptive son of Lycus, he would not have passed

over the works of his adoptive father and confined himself

exclusively to Timaeus, Corssen replies by an endeavour

to show tliat in his account of the fortunes of Diomedesand his companions (615 ff.) Lycophron does in fact follow

Lycus in opposition to Timaeus.

Corssen's conclusion is that external evidence and the

487

LYCOPHRON

results of an analysis of the poem agree excellently, andtliereby the abstruse poem of Lycophron obtains the

importance of a historical document wiiich strikingly

reflects the great impression which the victory of the

Roman arms over the Hellenistic king made upon his

contemporaries.

3. Manuscripts

The critical recension of E. Scheer (Berlin, 1881) is

based on the following mss. :

Class I.—A = Marcianus 476 (Venetus Ixx. 3). This,

which is by far the best ms. of Lycophron, belongs to the

eleventh century and bears to have been written by oneNicetas a deacon. After the Argument there is a marginalnote : KavrauOa avvrjdpoLaa X^îkov X^êis

|viKriras ovXclxicttos tQv

8iaK6vo}v. Scheer, Rhein. Mus. xxxiv., identified this

Nicetas with the distinguished bishop of Serrhai (Seres) in

the eleventh century.

The MS. extends to sixty-five folia, sixty-two of whichare written upon. Foil. 2-30^ contain Aratus with thescholia ; fol. 31^ . to the middle of fol. 62 contain

Lycophron's Alexandra with scholia and two paraphrases

—

an older (P) and a more recent (p).

V= Vaticanus 1307. This is a copy of a copy (X) of Aand it is occasionally useful as A has suffered alteration

by two later hands A^, A^, subsequent to the time whenthe copy (X) was made. V itself has suffered similar

interpolation, but it is not often that A and V have suffered

in the same passage.

B = Coislinianus 345 belonging to the tenth century.

It is so called as belonging to the collection of HenriCharles du Cambout de Coislin (1664-1732), Bishop ofMetz, now in the Bibl. Nat., Paris. This MS. containsa number of Lexica and amongst them from p. 225 to p.

253 X^êts oKe^dvbpas koI virodeais.

At the end is tAos aw d€(^ rod XeîKOu XvKocppovost

The reason of it being included among Lexica is that

the lines are broken up into sections to each of which is

appended the interpretation of paraphrase P. Thus v. 1

488

INTRODUCTION

Xe^o) Ta irdvTa : (ppdaoj to. Travra : vrjTpeKws : oKrjdQs. Kal yapiirLTaTiKCjs voov/nev t6 fj, tls to vtjxvtos kuI vqdvjxos : apxn^ oltt'

&Kpas : d Ace irwddpr} Kal epur^s : ijv bk /jLrjKvvdij \6yos : idv 5'

iKradrj rb iiros.

" ITie MS. ," says Scheer, " which is most elegantlywritten^ has in fol. 225'* 35 lines, of which 7 contain theArgument navTevo/jt^vrfv . . . diravra ; the other pages have 36lines each, except the last, which has 27 lines. The lemmataare marked off from the paraphrase by two points usuallyand small spaces : rarely by a colon, very rarely by a

comma. Much more often the scribe has forgotten to

distinguish the lemmata from the paraplirase ; at othertimes he has omitted the paraphrase or the lemma orboth : finally he has repeatedly confused the sequence of

the sections of lines. The ms. is so full of errors that

I have seen no ms. of Lycophron—except Par. 2840—so

corrupt."

Class II.—C= Parisinus 2723. The subscription states

that the ms. was finished in June 1282. Foil. 1-76 contain

the Alexandra of Lycophron with the commentary of Isaac

Tzetzes. The colour of the ink shows that the scribe

took many various readings from the ms. which he wascopying and afterwards wrote between the lines and in

the margin and even inserted in the text (C^) other

readings from a second ms., from which also he inserted

interlinear scholia, the greater part of which was not

derived from the commentary of Tzetzes. There are also

a few corrections by a third hand (C^).

D= Parisinus 2408, thirteenth century. The jis.

consists of 808 folia, of which foil. 58-99 contain the

Alexandra with the commentary of Tzetzes. There are

many interlinear scholia mostly from the commentaryof Tzetzes, also variae lectiones mostly inserted by the

original copyist, very few added later (D-).

E = Palatinus graecus 218, fourteenth century. Foil.

9-65 contain the Alexandra with the commentary of

Tzetzes and many variae lectiones- copied by the scribe

along with the text and occasional corrections by another

hand (E^).

489

LYCOPHRON

4. The Paraphrases

We have two paraphrases of the Alexandra :

V, the older, composed by some Byzantine grammarianand based on an ancient body of scholia, is best preserved

in B, on which, accordingly, Scheer bases his recension,

using as subsidiary aids A and Vaticanus 117, a fourteenth

century ms. containing the Alexandra with the com-mentary of Tzetzes (foil. 30-113), both of which give Pin a less perfect form.

p, a later paraphrase of uncertain date based upon P.

Scheer's recension is based on A with the subsidiary

aid of V.

5. The Scholia

The scholia of Lycophron are very excellent and are

probably ultimately based on the commentary of Theon,son of Artemidorus, a grammarian of the time of Augustusand Tiberius, who wrote commentaries on Theocritus,

Apollonius, Callimachus, Nicander, and Lycophron, as

well as on some of the older classical poets. Cf. Steph,

Byz. S.v. KvTCPa iroXis Geo-craXfaj, ws G^wj/ ^v vTro/j.prjp.aTi

AvK6(ppovos. So id. s.v. Atveia . . . Qiuiv vtroixviqixaTlôov rbv

AvK6(f)pova.

The ancient scholia are best represented by Marcianus476 ; also Vaticanus 1307—a grandchild as we have seenof Marcianus 476—and Neopolitanus, Bibl. Nat. ii, D 4,

a thirteenth-century 3is. wrongly inscribed 'IcraaKiov rod

Tiêrôv (TxoXta ei's AvK6(f)pova, the scholia being in the mainthe ancient scholia, only some gaps due to injury to theoriginal ais. having been filled up with the scholia of

Tzetzes in the fifteenth century. •

In addition to the ancient scholia we have further thecommentary of Tzetzes (twelfth century) : els rbv AvK6(ppova

(TXoAta 'laaaKLOu ypafifj.aTiKov rod Tf^rfoi;.

This commentary is in all 3iss. ascribed to Isaac

Tzetzes ; so also in John Tzetzes' commentary on theWorks and Bays of Hestod (p. 10 Gaisford). But there is

extant a letter in Parisinus 2565 Bibl. Reg. (No. xx.) of

490

INTRODUCTION

John Tzetzes to one Basilius, who had apparently^ afterIsaac's death, inquired of John whether it were true thathe and not Isaac was the real author of the commentaryon Lycophron. The letter runs thus :

^' To the First

Secretary of the Patriarch (of Constantinople), Basilius ofAchrida (town on lake ofsame name near Monastir)who hadfound in the title of John Tzetzes on Lycophron the nameof Isaac Tzetzes. Pheidias, the famous sculptor, doing afavour by the law of friendship to Agoracritus, a painterby profession, but an unskilful one, having with greatsculptural skill made the image of Zeus and Nemesis at

Rhamnus, ascribed it to him, inscribing on it ArOPAKPITOTITAPIOT, and by means of that inscription made up to himfor his lack of skill. If, then, Pheidias by the law of

friendship did not hesitate in a matter of the highest

moment to do a favour to a man unskilful in his art, am I

to be behind him in regard to my brother, a carpenter, in

Pindar's phrase, of deft hymns and incomparably dearer

to me than Agoracritus was to Pheidias, inasmuch as

brotherhood is a more compelling bond of affection thanfriendship .'' In this spirit both Pheidias and I ordered

our inscriptions. But neither Pheidias of old suffered,

nor has Tzetzes now suffered, from mental derangement or

lethargy so as to reach such a pitch of madness as to

forget his own name as some have suspecjed." So, too,

in Chil. ix. 298 John Tzetzes refers to the commentary as

his own work : ev 8e rots els AvKocppoua e/j.ol i^i^yy^detai /cat irepl

TOVTOv ^ypatpa totc tov ZwUXXtou.

Scheer is of opinion that the commentary was in the

first place composed by John Tzetzes, who handed it over

for revision and publication to his brother Isaac, who for

his trouble received the credit of authorship. This wouldaccount for the numerous inconsistencies and contradic-

tions of the commentary. Collaboration is implied by the

words : ovtujs ijfuv rots Tferftots [r. T^ is lacking in a (Par.

2723)] doKei ^x^tu (Tzetz. ad Lycophr. 17). Moreover, Scheer

points out that in Tzetz. Lycophr. 1226 occur the words

'Iwdj/fT/s 5e 6 (piXoiroi'ds cpyjaiv eluai f ^aiov. This had been taken

to mean 'liodw-ns ^lXottovos, a proper name. But Scheer

491

LYCOPHRON

takes these words to refer to John Tzetzes, and he points

out that these words occur only in Parisinus 2723 (a)

which may be taken to represent the commentary as first

published by Isaac, while they have disappeared in the

Mss. which represent subsequent revisions by John, of

which there were several.

The chief mss. which contain the Tzetzes commentaryare classified thus :

Class 1. — a = Parisinus 2723, representing- the com-mentary as originally published by Isaac Tzetzes.

Class II.—Representing revisions by John Tzetzes, andincluding : Parisinus 2403 ; Vaticanus 1306 ; Palatinus

18 ; Ambrosianus 222 (this last representing the final

recension by John Tzetzes).

The commentary of Tzetzes is based on a corpus of

scholia similar to that contained in the Marcianus, with

additions from other sources (discussed by Scheer ii. pp.xiv. ff.).

6. Bibliography

Editio princeps.—Aldus Manutius, Venice, 1513 (with

Pindar, Callimachus, Dionysius Periegetes) ; Paul Lecisius,

Basel, 1548 (with Tzetzes' commentary) ; Canter, Basel

1566 ; Meursius, Leyden, 1597 ; Potter, Oxford, 1697Reichard, Leipzig, 1788; C. G. Miiller, Leipzig, 1811Sebastiani, Rome, 1830 ; Bachmann, Leipzig, 1830Deheque, Paris, 1853 ; G. Kinkel, Leipzig, 1880 (with

scholia Marciana) ; E. Scheer vol. i. (text, critical notesand the two paraphrases) Berlin, 1881 ; vol. ii. (scholia)

Berlin, 1908 ; C. von Holzinger, Leipzig, 1895 (text withGerman blank verse translation to face the text, intro-

duction, and commentary). E. Ciaceri, Catane, Gian-notta, 1901, text, trans, and commentary. Transla-tion by Joseph Justus Scaliger, 1584. Text and trans.

F. D. Deheque, Paris, 1853.

Editio princeps of Tzetzes, Oporinus, Basel, 1546.

Other literature : J. Koiize, De Lycophr. dictionis pro-

prietate in universum ratione simul hahita Bojneri et

4.Q2

INTRODUCTION

tragicorum, Miinster, 1870; C. H. G. Voelcker, BeLycophronis Cassandrae vv. 13-15, Giessen^ 1820 ; Scheer,Nonnulli Lycophronis loci, Ploii, 1876 ; W. N. Bates,Harvard Studies in Classicul Philology, vol. vi., Boston,1895 (^'The Date of Lycophron"); Gasse, De L. mytho-grapho, 1910 ; I. Geifckeu, '^ Zwei I)ramen [Elephenor andNauplios] des Lykophron," Hermes xxvi. (1891) pp. 33-42

;

also the same writer on Timaeos' Geographic d. Westens,

Philol. Unters. (Kiessling-Moellendortf) 13, Berlin, 1892

493

ATK0P0N02

AAESANAPA

Ae^co ra TTOLvra vqrpeKCJS, a fx tWopetS",

dpxrjs (xtt' aKpas' ^v 3e fXTjKvvdfj Xoyog,

avyyvojdi heoTTor' ov yap tJgvxos Koprj

eXvG€ •)(^pT]ai.L6jVy ws Trpiv, aloXov crro/xa,

dAA' doTrerov ;\;eao-a irafjifjiLyrj ôrjv 5

Sa(l)V7](l>dywv (j)Oipa^€V e/c Xatfjicov OTia,

Hcf)Lyy6s KeXatvrjs yrjpvv iKfJLLfxovfjievr]

.

rcjv aaaa dvjJLcp Kal Sid fii^fjLrjs ^X^*kXvols dv, Jjva^, KdvaTrepLTrd^cov cf>p€Vi

TTVKvfj hioixy€L Sv(j(f)dTovs alvLyfJudrajv 10

OLfJuas TvXiaaojVy fjiTep evfjiadrjs rplôs

opdfj KeXevdo) rdv gkotco TToSrjyerel.

iyd) 8' dKpav âX^lSa jjurfplvdov crxdorag,

dv€LfJLL Xo^COV €19 Si€^6SoVS ilTCOV,

TTpwrrjv dpdâs vvaoav (hs tttt^vos Spofievs. 16

'Hcos" fi€V ahnvv dpri ^rjytov ndyovKpaiTTVOis vTrepTToraro IlT^yacrou Trrepot?,

Tidcovov iv KoiraioL rrjs Hêpvqs TreXas

XiTTOVGa, Tov GOV dfX(f)ip,rjrpLOv Kaoiv.

" Priam. * Cassandra."^ The runner breaks the "tape " and takes off.

494

LYCOPHRONALEXANDRA

The speaker is a slave appointed to watch Cassandra andreport her prophecies. He addresses Priam.

All will I tell truly that thou askest from theutter beginning, and if the tale be prolonged,forgive me, master. <* For not quietly as of old didthe maiden * loose the varied voice of her oracles,

but poured forth a weird confused cry, and utteredwild words from her bay-chewing mouth, imitating

the speech of the dark Sphinx. Thereof what in

heart and memory I hold, hear thou, O King, and,

pondering with wise mind, wind and pursue theobscure paths of her riddles, whereso a clear track

guides by a straight way through things wrappedin darkness. And I, cutting the utter boundingthread," will trace her paths of devious speech,

striking the starting-point like winged runner.

Dawn was just soaring over the steep crag of

Phegion ^ on swift wings of Pegasus, leaving in his

bed by Cerne ^ Tithonus,/ brother of thine by

^ Mountain in Aethiopia.« Cerne, a fabled island in the remotest East (Plin. N.H.

vi. 198 ff.) or West (Strabo 1. 47).f Son of Laomedon and Strymo or Rhoeo, and so half-

brother of Priam. •

^95

LYCOPHRON

ol 8' ovaa yp(x}V7]s evydXrjva x^PH'Olôs £0vavrai Xlaôv koltto yrjg iaxo-ôaav

vorTrXrjyyas . at Se napdevoKTOVov 0eTtv

tOuAoTTCÔt OelvOV €VC07T€S GTrdOaLs

TTeXapyoxpcoTes , at OaAa/c/oatat Kopai,

vnep KaXvBvcov XevKO, (f)aivovGai TrrtAa, 25

aÂao-ra, /cat (fx^GGCovas (LpyvLOjpbevovs

aTTapKriais TrpiqGTrjpos atdajvos Trvoals.

7]8' evdeov Gxo-GaGa âKx^ôv GTOfjua,

"Ar7)s (xtt' aKpcov ôvTrXavoKTLGrcov Xocfxov,

roLOJvS* aTT* OLpxrjS yjpx ÂXe^dvSpa Xoyojv 30

Atat, raAatva drjXapLcov, KeKavpuivq

/cat irpoGde fiev TrevKaiGiv ovXaix7](j>6pois

rpieGTTepov Aeovros", ov ttotc yvdBois

Tpirojvos r]jxdXaijj€ Kapxcipos kvwvejJLTTVOvs 8e Satrpos" rjTrdrojv cfyXoiSovpievos

TLvdw Xe^ros d(f)X6yoLS iir* eGxdpais

Gpufipiyyas ecrraAaê KOjSeias TreSoj,

o TeKVOpatGTrjs, Xvjxecjv ifjurj^ irdrpas,

6 Sevrepav reKOVGav drpcorov papeX

TVijjag drpdKTCp Grepvov, eV r avXcp pueGO)

Trarpos TraXaiGTOV ;)êp(Jtv oxp^dGas Sepuas

" Apoll. Rh. iv. 1731 uTreiySia ireiffixaT ^Xvaav.* i.e. the ships of Paris built of wood from Phalacra in

the Troad." i.e. the Sea (Hellespont in wider sense ; " maiden-

slaying " in reference to death of Helle).<* Two islands near Tenedos. * Cassandra.^ Ate, thrown out of Olympus by Zeus {11. xix. 126),

fell on a hill in the Troad which was hence called the Hill

of Doom ("Att/j X60os), Dardanus was warned by Apollonot to build a city there. But Ilus, his great-grandson, beingtold by an oracle to found a city where a certain cow shouldrest, did so ; and this place chanced to be the Hill of Doom.

4.96

35

40

ALEXANDRA

another mother, and the sailors loosed in calmweather the cables'* from the grooved rock andcut the landward ropes. And the centipede fair-

faced stork-hued daughters of Phalacra^ smotemaiden-slaying Thetis '^ with their blades, overCalydnae ^ showing their white wings, their stern-

ornaments, their sails outspread by the northernblasts of flaming stormwind : then Alexandra ^

opened her inspired Bacchic lips on the high Hill

of Doom/ that was founded by the wandering cowand thus began to speak :

Alas ! hapless nurse ^ of mine burnt even afore-

time by the warlike pineships of the lion ^ that wasbegotten in three evenings, whom of old Triton's

hound of jagged teeth devoured with his jaws. Buthe, a living carver of the monster's liver, seething in

steam of cauldron on a flameless hearth, shed to

ground the bristles of his head ; he the slayer of his

children,^ the destroyer of my fatherland ; who smote

his second mother ^ invulnerable with grievous shaft

upon the breast ; who, too, in the midst of the race-

course seized in his arms the body of his wrestler

f Ilios.

^ Heracles. For his birth cf. Apollod. ii. 61 Ze()s . . . ttjv

fxiav rptTrXao-tdcras vvKra. When Laomedon refused to payPoseidon and Apollo for building the walls of Troy, a sea-

monster appeared to which an oracle required that Hesione,

daughter of Laomedon, should be exposed. Heracles

entered the belly of the monster (Triton's hound) and cut its

inside to pieces. Laomedon had promised to give Heracles

the horses of Tros as a reward for slaying the monster andwhen he broke his word, Heracles burnt Troy.

^ Heracles slew his children by Megara daughter of Creon.

j Hera: Hom. 11. v. 392 f. ; "second mother" because

Athena tricked her into suckling him.

2 K 497

LYCOPHRON

Kpovoy Trap' aLTTVV 6)(9ov, evda yrjyevovs

iTTTTiov rapaKTTjs icrnv ^lax^^'ov rd(f)o?,

6 TTjV daXoLGGTjS AvGOVLTiSoS lJLV)(OVS

GT€Vovs oTTLTTevovoav dyplav Kvva 45

Kravojv vvep GTTijXvyyog Ixdvojfxevrjv,

Tavpoa(f)dyov XeaLvav, riv avdis Trarrjp

udpKas KaraidiDV Xo<j)viuiv SajpL-qcrarOy

A.€7TTVVLV ov Tpefjiovaav, ovSalav deovi^7]vdpL^€V 6v TTor dî(j)a) BoXo) 50

veKVs, rov "AtSi^v Se^Lovpuevov ndXai'

Xevaaoj ere, rXyjpLOV, Sevrepov TTvpovpLevrjv

rats T AlaKeloLs X^P^'' '^^^^ '^^ TavrdXovAerpLvav olKOvpovoL Xeiifjdvois TTvpos

TratSos" Kara^pcudevTOs aWdXo) SepLas, 55

rots TevTapelois ôvkoXov irrepcopiauL'

rd Trdvra TTpos (j>ci)S rj papvt,r]Xos Sdpiap,

areiXaaa Kovpov rov Kariqyopov xôvos,

afet, Trarpos pLopL(f)aLGLV rjypiojpLevr],

XeKrpcov 6* e/cart rcov r iTreiodKrcjv ydpLOJV. 60

avrrj 8e (fyappiaKOvpyos , ovk IdoipLOv

eXKOs SpaKovoa rod ^vvevverov Xvypov

Viyavropaicrroi? dpSiortv rerpojpievov

" Zeus. * At Olympia." A giant : his tomb at Olympia where as Taraxippus he

causes horses to shy.'^ Scylla, whom Heracles slew because she robbed him of

one of the oxen of Geryon. Her father, Phorkys, restoredher to life by burning her body.

*^ Persephone : ttjj/ Xeirrvvovaav ra aufiara tQp diro-

dvrjdKbvTwv (schol.).

/ Nessus the Centaur, when dying by the arrow ofHeracles, gave of his blood a pretended love-charm toDeianeira who smeared with it a mantle for Heracles whichconsumed him ; cf. Soph. Tr, 655 if.

498

ALEXANDRA

sire ^ beside the steep hill of Cronus,^ where is thehorse-affrighting tomb of earth-born Ischenus ^

; whoalso slew the fierce hound ^ that watched the narrowstraits of the Ausonian sea, fishing over her cave, thebull-slaying lioness whom her father restored again

to life, burning her flesh with brands : she whofeared not Leptynis,^ goddess of the underworld.

But one day with swordless guile a dead corse -^ slew

him : yea, even him ^ who of old overcame Hades

;

I see thee, hapless city, fired a second time byAeaceian hands '' and by such remains * as the funeral

fire spared to abide in Letrinai of the son * of Tan-talus when his body was devoured by the flames,

with the winged shafts of the neat-herd Teutarus ^ ; all

which things the jealous spouse "* shall bring to light,

sending her son " to indicate the land, angered byher father's ° taunts, for her bed's sake and because

of the alien bride.^ And herself,? the skilled in

drugs, seeing the baleful wound incurable of her

husband*" wounded by the giant-slaying arrows of

^ Heracles, who wounded Hades at Pylus, //. v. 395.'* Neoptolemus.* The bones of Pelops were brought from Letrina near

Olympia to Troy, as an oracle declared that Troy could nototherwise be taken, -^ In Elis. * Pelops.

^ Teutarus, Scythian who taught Heracles archery andbequeathed his bow and arrows to him. Heracles bequeathedthem to Philoctetes, who with them slew Paris and enabled

the Greeks to take Troy.'» Oenone, the first wife of Paris, sent her son to guide

the Greeks. When Philoctetes slew Paris with the bowwhich Heracles had used in the battle of the gods against

the giants, Oenone threw herself upon his corpse and died

with him ; cf. Tennyson, Oenone." Corythus, son of Oenone by Paris.

" Cebren, father of Oenone.p Helen. « Oenone. ^ Paris.

499

LYCOPHRON

TTpos dvdoTrXiTOV, ^vvov oyx'^cr^t' fxopoVy

TTvpycov ttTT* CLKpajv irpos veohpnqrov vekvv 65

poi^rjSov eK^pdaacra Kvpupaxov Bepuas-

TTodcp 8e rod Bavovros rjyKLGrpcDpLevr],

^VXrjP TTepl OTTaipOVTl <f)VGlJG€L V€KpU).

HrevcOy arivoj ere Stcjcra Acat rpinXd, Sopos

avOis TTpos dXKTjv /cat StapTraydg S6p,cov 70

/cat TTvp ivavydôvaav alarcor'qpiov.

GrivQ} G€, Trdrpa, /cat rd(j>ov9 'ArXavrlSos

SVTTTOV KeXcopOS, 09 7TOT iv paTTTCp KVr€L,

OTTola TTopKos 'IcTTpteus' rerpaGKeXijs,

daKcp pLOvrjprjS dpiêXvrpcjaas Se/xas", 75

'PeidvpLVLdrrjg K€7r<f)Os co? ivrjârOy

'L-qpyvdov dvTpov rrjs Kvvoo(j)ayovs deds

Xlttwv ipvpLVov /crta/xa Kvp^dvrcov Saov,

or rjp.ddvv€ rrdxrav op.^p'rjcras ^ôva'Zi7]v6s KaxXd^cov racr/xo?" ol Se Trpos irihcp 80

TTvpyoL KaTqpeiTTOvro y rot Se XoLuOiav

VTjXOVTO pLolpav TTpovpLpLdroyv SeSopKores.

(f>7]y6v Se /cat SpVKapTra /cat yXvKvv ôrpvv

âAAat re /cat heX(j>Zv€S at r' iir* dpoevcjv

(f)€pôvTO (f)djKai XeKTpa Oovpchaai ^porcbv. 85

Aevaaco Oeovra ypvvov iTrrepcopievov

rpripcjvos els dprraypLa Uecjyvalas kvvos,

rjv ropyOS vypoôiros €/cAo;êi;eTat,

KeXv^dvov GrpoîXov wGrpaKOjpievTjv

.

Kat StJ g€ vavrrjv *Ax^povGia rpiôs 90

° Philoctetes. * Electra.^ Dardanus, buried in Troy, was son of Zeus and Electra,

daughter of Atlas. During the Deluge he swam fromSamothrace to the Troad.

^ In North Crete. « In Samothrace.f Hecate. a Samothrace.

500

ALEXANDRA

his adversary/ shall endure to share his doom, fromthe topmost towers to the new slain corpse hurtling

herself head foremost, and pierced by sorrow for thedead shall breathe forth her soul on the quivering

body.

1 mourn, mourn twice and three times for theewho lookest again to the battle of the spear and theharrying of thy halls and the destroying fire. I

mourn for thee, my country, and for the grave of

Atlas' daughter's ^ diver son,^ who of old in a stitched

vessel, like an Istrian fish-creel with four legs, sheathed

his body in a leathern sack and, all alone, swam like

a petrel of Rheithymnia,'^ leaving Zerynthos,^ cave of

the goddess/ to whom dogs are slain, even Saos,5' the

strong foundation of the Cyrbantes, what time the

plashing rain of Zeus laid waste with deluge all the

earth.^ And their towers were hurled to the ground,

and the people set themselves to swim, seeing their

final doom before their eyes. And on oat and acorn

and the sweet grape browsed the whales and the

dolphins and the seals that are fain of the beds of

mortal men.*

I see the winged firebrand-? rushing to seize the

dove,^' the hound of Pephnos,^ whom the water-

roaming vulture brought to birth, husked in a

rounded shell.*^

And thee, cuckold sailor,"^ the downward path of

^ See H. Usener, Die Sintflutsagen, pp. 45 f

.

» For the seal's aifection for man cf. Aelian, N.A. iv. 56.

' Paris. * Helen. ' In Laconia."* Referring to Zeus and Leda, and the birth of Helen

from an e^^." Paris reaches Taenarum in Laconia where was a fabled

entrance to Hades ;passes Onugnathus and Las and through

the " two thoroughfares " (entrance and exit between Cranaeand the mainland) to Gytheion.

501

LYCOPHRON

KaraipoLTLS Twyapyov, ov Trarpos Koirpovs

areiôvra paKTOJV ôvGrdOfjucov, fevcoo-erat,

(Lg TTpoadey kolXXovs tov dvojpirrjv rpiTrXals.

dAA* odrpifJLCJV jLtev dvrl Ta{x<j)7]Xds ovov

Koi Adv Trepdaeis, dvrl 8' evx^ôv Kdirrj^ 95

Kal iJb7]\iavdpi(x)v T^Se x^P^^^^^ TTXdrrjs

TpdfiTTLs (J* 6xri(J€i Kal (êpeKXetOL TToSes

Stacrds GaXdpiâg /cavrt TvOeiov irXdKas,

iv afo-t TTpos Kvvovpa KafXTTvXovs oxdcag7T€Vi<7]s dSovras, eKropas TrXsruxixvpihos, 100 <

GKapOpucbv lavG€LS clvacjxjoaawva aroXov.

Kat rrjv dvviJi(j)OV TTopriv dpTrdoas Xvkos,

hvolv TreAetatv (hp(f)avLayievriv yovrjg

Kal Sevrepav els dpKvv odveiojv ^poxo^v

XrjLTLV ifjLTTTaLGaaav lêvrov Trrepo), 105

Svaataiv dppLoX fjLrjXdrojv dirdpyfjiara

<j>Xiyovaav iv KpoKaiai Kal Bwi? ^^^^

dpeêts vrrep TiKavSeuav KlyiXov r aKpav,

aWiov iiraKTrip KayxaXojv dypevfjiari.

Nt^ctoj S* ivl SpdKOVTOS eKxâs ttoOov ho'A/cttJs", hipiopôv yrjyevovs (JKrjTrTOVxias,

TTjV hevrepav ^coXov ovk oj/ret Ku77/9tv,

ipvxpov TTapayKdXiGpia Kd^ ovecpdrcov

KCvaXg d(l)dGacov (hXevaiGi Se/xvta.

« Onugnathus, cape in Laconia.* In Laconia." Builder of the ships of Paris.^ Haven near Sparta.« Paris sailed with nine ships (schol.).' Paris.'J Helen, who was not wedded to Paris.* Iphigeneia, Helen's daughter by Theseus, and Herraione,

her daughter by Menelaus.* Helen was first carried off by Theseus.

502

ALEXANDRA

Acheron shall receive, walking no more the byres ofthy father's rugged steadings, as once when thouwert arbiter of beauty for the three goddesses. Butin place of stables thou shalt pass the Jaws jof theAss * and Las/ and instead of well-foddered crib andsheepfold and landsman's blade a ship and oars of

Phereclus ^ shall carry thee to the two thorough-fares and the levels of Gytheion/ where, on therocks dropping the bent teeth of the pine-ship's

anchors to guard against the flood, thou shalt rest

from gambols thy nine-sailed * fleet.

And when thou, the wolf,/ shalt have seized the

unwed heifer,*' robbed of her two dove daughters^and fallen into a second* net of alien snares andcaught by the decoy of the fowler, even while uponthe beach she burns ^ the firstlings of the flocks to

the Thysad nymphs and the goddess Byne, thenshalt thou speed past Scandeia* and past the

cape of Aegilon,^ a fierce hunter exulting in thycapture.

And in the Dragons Isle"* of Acte,** dominionof the twyformed son ^ of earth, thou shalt put from

thee thy desire; but thoui' shalt see no morrow's

aftermath of love, fondling in empty arms a chill

embrace and a dreamland bed,? For the sullen

•^ Helen was carried oiF by Paris when she was sacrificing

to the Thysades (Thyiades) and Byne= Ino Leucothea.* Haven of Cythera {II. x. 268).' Island between Cythera and Crete."* Cranae (Horn. II. iii. 445, cf. Fans. iii. 22. 1), where the

bedding of Paris and Helen took place, is generally localized

near Gytheion in Laconia. Here it is identified with the

so-called Helen's Isle near Sunium. Tzetzes took it to meanSalamis.

" Attica. " Erechtheus. ^ Paris.

« Proteus replaced the real Helen by a phantom.

503

LYCOPHRON

d yap ere GvXXeKTpOLO ^Xcypatas ttocjis 115

OTvyvos TopwvTjs, u) yiXws aTre^êrat

/cat haKpVy vrJLs S* iarl /cat rrjTcofievos

gLlJ'<f>oVv, 6 SprJKrjs e/c ttot^ els CTra/CTtav

Tplrwvos eKôXaXatv rjXoKiafievrjv

X^pcrov TTepdaas, ou;j^t vav^drj) gtoXw, 120

dAA' daTL^TjTov olfjLov, old ns Gi(f>vevs,

KevdfJLwvog iv orjpayyi rerpijvag pivôvs,

vipOev OaXdacrrjg drpairovs StTyvucre,

r€KV(x)v dXv$as rds ^€vokt6vovs rrdXas

/cat TTarpl Trepupas rds eTrrjKoovs Xurdg 125

arrjaai TraXipLTrovv €ls irdrpaVy odev TrXdvrjs

UaXXrjvlav eTrrjXOe yrjyevojv rpoôv—Keivos ae, Vovvevs cjGir^p, Ipydrris St/CT^s"

rris 6* 'HAtou dvyarpos 'I;\;vatas' ^paêvs,

iTTeaPoXijcras Xvypd voa(j)i€L ydpaoVy 130

XiTTTOvra Kdaar^s eKâXcbv TreXcidSos'

OS Tovs AvKov T€ /Cat Xt/xatpecos" rdcfyovg

XP'^(yp'OlaL KvhaivovTas ovk alSovpuevos

oyS* 'Avdeojs epcorag ovSe rov îvois

avvSopTTOv AlyaLOJVOs dyvirrjv rrdyov I35

irXrjs deojv dXoiros eKPrjvaL Slktjv,

* Proteus came from his home in Egypt to Pallene

( = Phlegra, Herod, viii. 123 in Chalcidice), the birth-place ofthe giants, where he married Torone, by whom he had twosons who slew strangers by compelling them to wrestle withthem and were in the end themselves slain by Heracles.Proteus, vexed by the wickedness of his sons, besought his

father Poseidon for a passage under the sea back to Egypt.On his sons' death he could neither be sorry nor glad.

* Nile. " Tmolus and Telegonus.

504.

ALEXANDRA

husband,** whose spouse is Torone of Phlegra, evenhe to whom laughter and tears are alike abhorredand who is ignorant and reft of both ; who once on a

time crossed from Thrace unto the coastland whichis furrowed by the outflow of Triton ^ ; crossed not

by sailing ship but by an untrodden path, like somemoldwarp, boring a secret passage in the cloven

earth, made his ways beneath the sea, avoiding the

stranger-slaying wrestling of his sons ^ and sending

to his sire ^ prayers which were heard, even that heshould set him with returning feet in his fatherland,^

whence he had come as a wanderer to Pallenia, nurse

of the earth-born— he, like Guneus,/ a doer of

justice and arbiter of the Sun's daughter of Ichnae,^'

shall assail thee with evil words and rob thee of thybridal, casting thee forth in thy desire from thywanton dove : thee who, regarding not the tombs of

Lycus and Chimaereus ^, glorious in oracles, nor thy

love of Antheus* nor the pure salt of Aigaeon^eaten by host and guest together, didst dare to sii\

against the gods and to overstep justice, kicking the

'^ Poseidon. « Egypt./ Guneus, an Arab famous for justice, whom Semiramis

made arbiter between the Phoenicians and Babylonians(schol.).

9' Themis Ichnaia, worshipped at Ichnae in Thessaly(Strabo 435).

^ L. and C, sons of Prometheus and Celaeno, were buriedin the Troad. The Lacedaemonians, being visited by aplague, were bidden by an oracle to " propitiate the Croniandaemons in Troy," and Menelaus was sent to make offerings

at their graves.' Son of Antenor, was loved by Paris who killed him

unwittingly. Menelaus, being at the time in Troy, tookParis with him to Sparta to save him from punishment.Thus Paris, as guest of Menelaus, had " eaten his salt."

^ Poseidon = Sea,

505

LYCOPHRON

Xdâs rpdiretâv KdvaKVTTcoaas ©e/xtv,

dpKTOV Tidijvrjs iKfjueixayfievos rpoirov?.

Toiydp i/jaXd^€LS ets" k€v6v vevpds ktvttov,

daira KdSayprjra <ôpiJLLâ)V pbeXr)- 140

/cAatcov 8e irdrpav ttjv Trplv fjdaXcofjievrjv

i^ X^poLV eiSojXov riyKaXi(jfJi€vos

TTJg TrevraXeKTpov dvcdSos UXevpajvcas.

yvial yap evvaarrjpas a/xva/xot rpiTrXaZs

TTTivais KareKXcnaavTO Srjvaids 'AXos ^ 145

vviJL(l>€La TTevrdyapi^pa SaicraadaL ydfjicjv.

AoLCj fiev dpTTaKrrjpas avydaei Xvkovs,

7TT7JVOVS TpiopxoL? aUrovg 6(j)daXfxia9y

rov 3' CAC liXvvov re Karfo KapiKcav rrorajv

pXaoTovra pit,r]Sy rjfiiKprjra ^dppapov, 150

'Evretov, ovK ^KpyeZov aKpat^vrj yovals,ov TrdTTTTOv iv yafji(f)ataiv 'Ewata nore^lEipKVW^ ^l^piVVS Sovpta 'RL(f)7](f)6pOS

daapKa pnarvXaaa rvpLêvaev <^dpq},

fTov (LXevLTTjV x^J^^pov ivSarovfievT]

.

I55

ov Srj 8ls rjPiJGavTa /cat papvv ttoOov

<» Paris, exposed when a child, was suckled by a she-bear.* Helen, daughter of Leda, daughter of Thestius, son of

Agenor, son of Pleuron." The Fates—Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos, daughters of

Tethys.^ Theseus, Menelaus, Paris, Deiphobus, Achilles." Theseus and Paris.

/ Menelaus is a descendant of Atlas (Atlas—Sterope

—

Oenomaus — Hippodameia— Pelops — Atreus— Menelaus)who dwells in Libya, here indicated by Plynos in Cyrenaica(Strabo 838). Carian either refers to KapiKov re^xos (Steph.B.) in Libya or to the Carians having once dwelt in

Lacedaemon (schol.) or to Minos' dominion over the Carians.Menelaus is thus a " barbarian " and through his mother.Aero'pe, daughter of Catreus, son of Minos, he is "half-

506

I

ALEXANDRA

table and overturning Themis^ modelled in the waysof the she-bear ^ that suckled thee.

Therefore in vain shalt thou twang the noisybowstring, making melodies that bring nor food norfee ; and in sorrow shalt thou come to thy father-

land that was burnt of old, embracing in thinearms the wraith of the five-times-married frenzied

descendant^ of Pleuron. For the lame daughters''

of the ancient Sea with triple thread have decreedthat her bedfellows shall share their marriage-feast

among five bridegrooms.^

Two ^ shall she see as ravening wolves, wingedwanton eagles of sharp eyes; the third/ sprungfrom root of Plynos and Carian waters, a half-Cretan

barbarian, an Epeian, no genuine Argive by birth :

whose grandfather ^ of old Ennaia ^ Hercynna Erinys

Thuria, the Sword-bearer, cut fleshless with her

jaws and buried in her throat, devouring the gristle

of his shoulder : his who came to youth again and

Cretan." As grandson of Hippodameia he is an Epeian =Elean (Find. 0. ix. 58, x. 33).

^ Pelops was served up by his father Tantalus at a banquetto the gods, when Demeter ate part of his shoulder un-wittingly. Restored to life and carried oif by Poseidon(Pind. 0. i, 40), he was sent by Zeus to Elis where heovercame Oenoraaus in a chariot-race and won his daughterHippodameia for his bride, after thirteen previous suitors

had been slain by her father (Pind. 0. i. 81 if.). His victory

was due to the treachery of Oenomaus' charioteer Myrtilus,

son of Hermes, who, when he asked Pelops for the price of

his treachery, was by him hurled into the sea, which washence called Myrtoan (Pans, viii, 14, 11), cursing with his

last breath the house of Pelops.* Demeter : E. in reference to rape of Persephone in

Enna ; H. by-name of Demeter at Lebadeia in-Boeotia;

E. at Thelpusa in Arcadia (CaUim. fr. incert. 91) ; Th. =" Passionate " with grief for her daughter (schol.) ; Sw., cult-

name of Demeter in Boeotia (schol.).

507

LYCOPHRON

^vyovra âvfJueSovros dpTraKTi^pLov

€GT€lX ^^pexd^vg els Aerpivaiovs yvasXevpav dXerpevcjovTa MoATrtSo? irerpav,

rod Xrjvl hairpevdevros Ôix^picp Se/xas", 160

yafjLppoKTovov paiaovra 7revdepo(f>d6poLg

PovXats dvdyvoLSy as 6 KaS/xtAou yovos

TJprvcre. rov Se XoXadov iKiricuv gkvôvêpwvvjxovs eSvi/je Ni^/oecos' rdcjiovs,

TTavojXedpov KrjXlSa Ocovâs yeveu, 165

o TTjv TToSapyov WvXXav r]VioaTpo^(x)V

/cat TTiv oirXaZs "ApTnvvav *Ap7TviaL£ tcrqv.

Tov S* o.v reraprov avOoyuaiixov oifjerai

KipKov KarappaKTTJpos , 6v re Gvyyovcov

rd Sevrepeta rrjs SaCG^dXrov TrdXrjs 170;

Xapovra KTjpvôvorLV. iv Se hepbviois

Tov i^ oveipcov iripLTTrov eGrpo^r^fjievov

elScoXoTrXdGTa) irpoGKaraâveZ pedeL,

rov fJL€XX6vvpL(f)OV evvirrjv Kfrat/c^S',

rrjs $€LVopdKxy]S, ov rror Olvwvrjs <f)vydsy 175

fjbVpjJLOJV rov i^dTTeôv dvSpcooas orparoVy

ITcAaoyt/cov Tf^cDva yewdrai TTarrjpy

d<f>^ irrrd TralScov (fyex/jdXo) GTToSovfjLevojv

fjLOVvov ^XeyovGav iâXvâvra gttoSov.

Xco p,€V TTaXifjuTTopevrov lêrai rpiôv, 180

oxfyrJKas Sa<f)OLVovs XVP^H'^^ dveupvoas,

OTToZa Kovpos Scofxa KivrjGas KaTrvip-

* Poseidon. * Zeus. '' Elis or Olyrapia.^ During a drought in Elis Molpis offered himself as a

victim to Zeus Ombrius.« Oenomaus, father of Hippodameia.^ Myrtilus, son of Cadmilus= Hermes ; charioteer of

Oenomaus. ^ Myrtoan Sea.* Psylla and Harpinna, horses of Oenomaus.*' Deiphobus. -^ Paris.

508

ALEXANDRA

escaped the grievous raping desire af the Lord <» ofShips and was sent by Erechtheus ^ to Letrina's

fields to grind the smooth rock '^ of Molpis ^—whosebody was served as sacrifice to Rainy Zeus—that hemight overcome the wooer-slayer « by the unholydevice for slaying his father-in-law which the son^of Cadmilus devised ; who drinking his last cup divedinto his tomb in Nereus—the tombs' which bears

his name—crying a blighting curse upon the race

;

even he who held the reins of swift-footed Psylla

and Harpinna ^ hoofed even as the Harpies.

The fourth *' again shall she see own brothei of

the swooping falcon^ ; him whom they shall proclaim

to have won the second ^ prize among his brothers

in the wrestling of war. And the fifth ^ she shall

cause to pine upon his bed, distracted by herphantom face in his dreams ; the husband to be of

the stranger-frenzied lady *^ of Cyta ; even him whomone day the exile '^ from Oenone ^ fathered, turning

into men the six-footed host of ants/—the Pelasgian

Typhon, out of seven sons 9 consumed in the flame

alone escaping the fiery ashes.

And he ^ shall come upon his homeward path,

raising the tawny wasps from their holes, evenas a child disturbs their nest with smoke. And

* i.e. next to Hector. ' Achilles."* Medeia from Cyta in Phasis, married in Elysium to

Achilles, cf. 798.'^ Peieus, exiled for slaying his half-brother Phocus (Pind.

N. V. 12 ff.).

" Aegina.p Hesiod, fr. 76 (100), tells how Aegina was populated by

turning ants into men.» Thetis to test the immortality of her sons by Peieus

put them into the fire. Six sons perished in this way. Theseventh, Achilles, was saved by his father. *" Paris,

509

195

LYCOPHRON

ol S' av TTpoyevvqreLpav ovXaficovvfjuov

^VKraiGL x^py^ÔLV'Te? (Lfjurjaral iropiVy

rod l^Kvpiov hpaKOvros evroKOV X€X(j^, . 185

rjv 6 ^vv€Vvos TtaXiJLvSrjGias dXos

euros fjiarevojv, 'EAAaSos* Kaparofjuov,

Sapov âX-qpicjoav oiK'qGeL orriXov

KeArou TTpos eKôXaluL Xipivaicjjv rrorcov,

TTodwv Sdfiapra, r'qv TTor iv a(f)ayalg Kê/xa? 190

Xaifjiov TTpoOetaa (jiaoydvoiv ek pvaerai,

âOijs S' eao) priypuvos avSrjdijareraL

eprjjjLOs iv KpoKaicn vvpiîov SpopuoSy

Grivovros drag /cat Kevrjv vavKXrjpLav

Kol rrjv d(f)avrov elSos rjXXotojpievrjV

ypalav aâyeicov o^Se x^pvi^wv iriXas

*'At8ov re 7Ta(f>Xdôvros eK jSu^cov <j)Xoyi

Kparrjpos y ov /xeAatiâ 7TOLcf>vêi cf)dirdjv

GdpKas Xe^T^ritôvGa SairaXovpyia.

Xc5 pLev rrarrjGei X^P^^ aldl,a)v TiKvdrjv, £00els Trevre ttov TrXeiajvag Ipieipcov Xexovg.

ol S' dpL(f)i ^(xJpLov rod TrpopidvrLos ¥s.p6vov

Gvv pbTjrpl reKVCDV vtjttlwv KpeavopLOV

opKWV ro Sevrepovxov dpaavres t,vy6v

areppdv evoTrXiaovGiv (hXevaig TrXdrrjVy £05Gcurrjpa Ba/c;ôv ra>v irdpoiOe TTrjpLdraJV

« Iphigeneia.* Neoptolemus, here son of Achilles and Iphigeneia

;

called "the dragon of Scyrus " because he was reared byDeidamia, "daughter of Lycomedes, king of Scyrus. In oneversion Deidamia is his mother. " Achilles.

<* Iphigeneia became priestess of Artemis Taurica in theCrimea, where she had to sacrifice Greeks who came there.

« Island of Leuce. ' Danube.•'' When Iphigeneia was being sacrificed at Aulis, Artemis

substituted a deer for her.

510

ALEXANDRA

they in their turn shall come, sacrificing cruellyto the blustering winds the heifer « that bare thewar-named son/ the mother that was brought to

bed of the dragon of Scyrus ; for whom herhusband c shall search within the Salmydesian Sea,where she cuts the throats of Greeks/ and shall

dwell for a long space in the white-crested rock * bythe outflowing of the marshy waters of the Celtic

stream/; yearning for his wife whom at her slayinga hind shall rescue from the knife, offering her ownthroat instead. ff And the deep waste within thewash of the waves upon the beach shall be called

the Chase ^ of the bridegroom, mourning his ruin

and his empty seafaring and her that vanished andwas changed to an old witch,*^ beside the sacrificial

vessels and the lustral water and the bowl of Hadesbubbling from the depths with flame, whereon the

dark lady will blow, potting the flesh of the deadas might a cook.

And hei lamenting shall pace the Scythian land

for some five years yearning for his bride. ^' Andthey,^ beside the altar of the primal prophet,

Cronus, who devours the callow young with their

mother,''^ binding themselves by the yoke of a second

oath," shall take in their arms the strong oar, in-

voking him who saved them in their former woes, even

^ Achilleius Dromus, a strip of land between the Dnieperand the Crimea (Herod, iv. 55). ' Iphigeneia in Tauris.

^ Achilles. * Iphigeneia. ' The Greeks at Aulis."' Horn. II. ii. 308 ff. At the altar of Zeus in Aulis a

snake devoured a sparrow with her brood of eight. Calchasinterprets the omen to mean that the war against Troy will

last nine years, and that the city will be taken in the tenth." The earlier oath was taken by the suitors of Helen, who

swore to her father, Tyndareus, to support the successful

suitor.

511

LYCOPHRON

H^dXriqv av€vdt,ovT€S y cL ttot ev fjbvxols

A€X(f)LViov Trap* dvrpa KepScLov Oeov

Tavpo) Kpv<j>aias ;^€pvtâs' Kardpêrat

6 )(îXiapxos rod TroXippaiorrov arparov. . 210

S dvfxdrwv Trpooiraiov eKTivcov X^P^^SaifJLCOV *^v6pxrj9 ûyaXevs Oavcrri^pLOS

Xeovra doivqs, tXôs ifiTiXeâs XvyoLS,

aXV^^''y '^° H'V '^poppiôv alarcbaai ordxvv

KeipovT ohovTi koX XacjiVGriais yvddois. 215

AeuoTCTCD TTCtAat hr] aireipav oA/catcov KaKwv,

Gvpovaav aXfirj KampoLôvGav Trdrpa

Setvds 0,7161X0,? /cot 7TVpL(j)X€KTOV£ ÂoÔ?.

*Q.9 jJiri ere KoS/xos" oiêA' iv TrepippVTO)

"IcroT^ (f)VTev(TaL SvapLevcov 7To8r]y€Tr]Vy 220

reraprov i^ "ArXavros dOXiov (JiropoVy

TCx)v avOofiaLfjLCOv crvyKaraGKdTrrrjv UpvXiv,

TOfJLOvpe TTpos rd Xwara v-qpLeprearare'

jLti^S' AlaaKeiajv ovpuos axêXev Trarrjp

XprjdfJbcov dircoGaL vvKri(j)OLTa SeLfjuara, 225

jLtta Se Kpvi/jai rovs SlttXovs virep Tvdrpas

pLOipa, Te<f)p(x)Gas yvla ArjpLvalcp irvpi'

ovK dv TOcrcovSc Kvpi* iireKXyaev KaKOJv.

Kot St) YLaXai/jLcov SepKerai pp€(j)OKr6vos

" Agamemnon sacrifices in Apollo's temple at Delphi.* Dionysus. For his cult at Phigaleia in Elis cf. Paus.

viii. 39. 4.

" Telephus king of Mysia who, when fighting Achilles,

was tripped up by the tendrils of a vine, Dionysus thusrequiting sacrifices made to him by Agamemnon at Delphi.

'^ Lesbos. " Cadmus = Cadmilus (c/. 162) = Hermes.f Atlas—Maia—Hermes—Prylis, son of Issa.

512

ALEXANDRA

Bacchus^ the Overthrower, to whom, the bull-god,

one day in the shrine beside the cavern of Delphiniusthe Gainful god, the lord " of a thousand ships, a city-

sacking host, shall make secret sacrifice. And in un-looked-for requital of his offerings the god of Phigaleia,

the lusty Torch-god,^ shall stay the lion ^ from his

banquet, entangling his foot in withes, so that hedestroy not utterly the cornfield of men, nor lay it

waste with tooth and devouring jaws.

Long since I see the coil of trailing woesdragging in the brine and hissing against my father-

land dread threats and fiery ruin.

Would that in sea-girt Issa ^ Cadmus * had neverbegotten thee to be the guide of the foemen, fourth f

in descent from unhappy Atlas, even thee, Prylis,

who didst help to overthrow thine own kindred,^'

prophet most sure of best fortune ^! And would

that my father ^ had not spurned the nightly terrors

of the oracles of Aesacus and that for the sake of

my fatherland he had made away with the two in

one doom, ashing their bodies with Lemnian fire.^

So had not such a flood of woes overwhelmed the

land.

And now Palaemon,* to whom babes are slain,

The Trojans, related through Electra, mother of Dar-danus and daughter of Atlas.

^ Prylis prophesied the taking of Troy by the WoodenHorse. That was best fortune for the Greeks. For rbfiovpos

cf. Hesych. s.v., Strabo 328.» Priam, whom his son Aesacus advised to kill Hecuba

and Paris, because before the birth of the latter Hecubadreamed that she had borne a fire-brand.

^ Proverbial. Lemnos through the "volcano" of Mosy-chlos is much associated with Hephaestus.

* Son of Ino Leucothea, worshipped in Tenedos with

sacrifices of children.

^h ' 513

LYCOPHRON

^covaav alBviaiai TrXeKravoaroXois 230

ypaZav ^vvevvov *Q.y€VOv TirrjVLSa.

Kat Srj StTrAa crvv Trarpl paUrai reKva,

areppcp rvTrevrt AcActSas" evdpxcp pLvXcOy

ra TTpoordev avXrjrrjpos iK7r€(f>€vy6ra

i/ivSpatcrL <j)riixaLS XapvaKO(f)66povs ptâs", 235

(L Sr) TTidijoras arvyvos dprafJLOs reKvajv,

aWvLodpeTTTOs TTOpKewv XivaypeTiqs,

KprjO/JLoiai /cat paipoXat vrjpLrai? (l)i,XoSy

X'^Xw KareSpv(f)a^€ Sltttvxovs yovds.

Gvv rots S' o rXrjfjLOJV, fxrjrpos ov (fypdcras deds 240

fJLvrjfJLCOv i(f)€Tixds, dXXd Xrjddpyco cr«âAetS",

TTpTjvrjs davelrai aripvov ovTaadels ^têt.

Kat Srj (jrevei Mvpiva /cat TrapaKTioi

LTTTTCOV (ffpLfiayfiov f)6v€9 ScSey/xeVat,

orav YleXaayov dXfJLa Xauprjpov ttoSos 245

cts" 6lv^ epeiaas XoiaBiav aWcDV Xvkos

Kprjvaiov i^ dixfJLOio poipSâr] ydvog,

TTTjyds dvoiâs rds TrdXai KCKpyfifJuevas

.

Kat St) KaralOet, yaiav opxrjcrTrjs "Aprjg,

GTpoiJLpa) Tov alfiarrjpov e^dpxojv vopLOV. 250

(iTracTa 8e x^^^ TrpovfjLfJidTCDV Srjovfiivrj

" Tethys (the sea), wife of Ogenos= Oceanus.* The Greek ships reach Tenedos." Tennes and Hemithea (H. Usener, I>ie Sintfiutsageny

pp. 90 fF.), children of Cycnus by his first wife, Procleia. Hissecond wife, Philonome, abetted by the flute-player, Molpos,induced Cycnus to set them adrift upon the sea in an ark.Tennes, who was really a son of Apollo, came to land in theisland of Leucophrys, which, after his name, was thencecalled Tenedos.

^ Cycnus, son of Poseidon and Calyce, slain with hischildren, Tennes and Hemithea, by Achilles. This was anauspicious omen for the success of the Greeks at Troy.

514

1

ALEXANDRA

beholds the hoary Titanid bride ° of Ogenus seethingwith the corded gulls. ^

And now two children'' are slain together withtheir father ^ who is smitten on the collar-bone withthe hard mill-stone, an omen of good beginning

;

those children which before escaped when cast- outto death in an ark through the lying speech of the

piper/ to whom hearkened the sullen butchei of

his children—he the gull-reared, captive of the nets

of fishermen, friend of winkle and bandy sea-snail

—and imprisoned his two children in a chest. Andtherewithal the wretch,^' who was not mindful to tell

the bidding of the goddess mother but erred in

forgetfulness, shall die upon his face, his breast

pierced by the sword.,

And now Myrina ^ groans and the sea-shores

awaiting the snorting of horses, when the fierce

wolf* shall leap the swift leap of his Pelasgian foot

upon the last beach and cause the clear spring J' to

gush from the sand, opening fountains that hitherto

were hidden.

And now Ares, the dancer, fires the land, with

his conch leading the chant of blood. And all the

land lies ravaged before my eyes and, as it were

" Molpos, who supported the false accusation madeagainst Tennes by his step-mother, after the fashion ofPhaedra.

f Cycnus, who was exposed on the sea-shore by his

mother, and was fed by sea-birds until he was taken by somefishermen.

s Mnemon, who was sent by Thetis to warn Achilles not

to slay Tennes. He failed to deliver his message, andAchilles in anger slew him.

^ In the Troad, Hom. 11. ii. 811. ^ Achilles.J When Achilles leapt ashore at Troy, a spring arose

under his footprint, c/. 279.

515

LYCOPHRON

Kelrai, iretfypiKav 8' cutxrc XrjLov yvai

Xoyxî^S a7Toari\fiovT€Sy olfMCjyrj Se /xot

€V (hcrl TTvpycov i^ aKpcuv tvSaAAerat,

Trpos" aWepos Kvpovaa vrjvifMovs eSpag,

yow yvvaiKOJV /cat Karappayals TrenXcov,

a^Xj]V iiT* dXXrj Gvpi<f)opav SeSeyfjuevcov

.

'Efcetiô ct', c5 rdXaiva KapSta, KaKov

CKeXvo SdipeL Trrjfidrcjv VTreprarov,

€ur' av Xa^pdl,oiv TrepKVOs aLXP''^Tr]s x^P^^>TTTepoiGL pêpcrov aleros hiaypd<jiCov

paL^cp TVTTOJTTjv Topfxav dyKvXrj ^daei,

KXdi,a)V T* dfiiKTov GrrojJLari pi,yiGT7]v ^07]v,

TOP (jyiXrarov crov rwv dyacrropoiv Tp6(f>iv

Htwov T€ TTarpos dpirdaas fxerdpaiov

,

owî yafji(f)rjXa'iaL 6* alfxdooojv Se/^tas",

€yx(Ji)pO' Tl(f)7] /cat TTeSov XP^^^V iôvco,

Xcvpds PocoTTjg yaropLa>v St* avXaKos.

Xa^d)v 8e ravpov rod TreâGfjbevov Sdvos,

OKeOpcp raXdvTCp rpvrdvrjs rjprrjfievov,

avdis Tov dvTiTTOLVOv iyxôiS laov

HaKTCoXiov GradfjLOLcn rr]Xavy7J fivSpov,

Kparrjpa BaAc;\;oi» Svcrerai, KeKXavafxevos

vvpiâLGiv at (jîXavTO B7](f)vpov ydvog

Aeiprjdpirjv 6^ virepOe Ilt/XTrActas' otcottt^v,

O V€Kp07T€pVaS, OS TTpoheifJLaivCJV TTOTflOV

<* Achilles. The ref. is to the dragging of the body ofHector by Achilles, Horn. II. xxii. 395 ff. ^ Hector.

•= Apollo, who, in one version, was father of Hector. Hehad a famous temple on Mt. Ptoon in Boeotia. Herod,viii. 135.

'^ Hector. « Achilles.' In reference to Hom. //. xxii. 351, where Achilles says

he would not give back the body of Hector for his weight in

gold; hence the legend that Priam actually ransomed his

516

ALEXANDRA

fields of corn, bristle the fields of the gleamingspears. And in my ears seems a voice of lamenta-tion from the tower tops reaching to the windlessseats of air, with groaning of women and rendingof robes, awaiting sorrow upon sorrow.

That woe, O my poor heart, that woe shall woundthee as a crowning sorrow, when the dusky, sworded,bright-eyed eagle " shall rage, with his wings mark-ing out the land—the track traced by bandiedcrooked steps—and, crying with his mouth his dis-

sonant and chilly cry, shall cany aloft the dearest

nursling ^ of all thy brothers, dearest to thee and to

his sire the Lord of Ptoon,'' and, bloodying his bodywith talon and beak, shall stain with gore the land,

both swamp and plain, a ploughman cleaving a

smooth furrow in the earth. And having slain the

bull** he* takes the price thereof, weighed in the

strict balance of the scales.-^ But one day he shall

for recompense pour in the scales an equal weight of

the far-shining metal of Pactolus ^ and shall enter

the cup of Bacchus,'* wept by the nymphs who love

the clear waters of Bephyras * and the high seat of

Leibethron ^ above Pimpleia *; even he, the trafficker

in corpses, who, fearing beforehand his doom, shall

body for its weight in gold, an idea which seems to havebeen used in the lost play of Aeschylus ^p&yes or "EKTopos

\{>Tpa, and which appears in certain vase-paintings. Cf.

Robert, Bild und Lied, p. 142.if When Achilles was slain, his body was redeemed for an

equal weight of gold from Pactolus (cf. Herod, v. 101).'» When Dionysus was chased by Lycurgus he gave to

Thetis a cup which in Naxos he had received from Heph-aestus. In this were put the ashes of Achilles and Patroclus.

» River flowing from Olympus.' Town on east slope of Olympus.* Spring in Pieria, near Olympus.

517

LYCOPHRON

/cat OrjXvv dficf)! aa)fJLa rX'qcreraL TrdirXov

Swat, vap* larrots KepKiSos ipavaas Kporcot',

Kol Xotados etV yrjv SvGfxevcov pZijjai TroSa,

TO ooVy ^vvaifie, kolv vrrvco TrrijaGOJV 86pv. 280

*n Sat/xov, OLOV Kiov" alarcLaeis So/xcov,

cpcto-jLta irdrpas Bvarvxovs viroGTrdaas'

ov fJLTjv dvarei y ovV dvev pLOxQ^J^v TTiKpihv

TTevdovs 9* 6 Xr]Grrjs Acopcevs yeXa arparos,

eTT€yKaxdt,o}v rod hehovTvoros p-opcoy 286

aAA' ajLt^t TTpvpLvais rrjv 7TavvardTr]v S/oa/xcov

TTevKats jStou jSaAjStSa crvpL(f)X€x9i]G€raiy

KoXaJv €17* €u;\;ats' TrAeto-ra Ou^tov AtaTTopdovpLevoLGi KTJpag dpKeaai TTiKpds.

TOT* ovT€ rd(f)pos, oihe vauAopôjv GraOpLcov 290

TTpo^Xrjpia Kal aravpoiGi KOpacorr) Trrepv^,

ov yelaa ;!^/3atcr/x75crouc7tv, ouS' eTraA^tes"

aAA* cos /xeAtcrcrat GvpLTre^vppievoi Kanvcp

Kal Xiyvvos piiralGi Kal ypvvcov jSoAatS"

d^XaGTa Kal Kopvpuâ Kal /cAr/ScDv dpovovs 295

TTVKVol KV^LGTTjrrjpes ii iSoiXicov

TTT^Scavres" alpidôvGLV odveiav koviv.

YioXXovs S' dpiGTeZs TrpcoToXeid &* 'EAAaSo?

alxP'fj <j)ipovras Kal GTropaZs (hyKcopuevovs,

at crat KaraâvovGiv o^pLpuoi X^'p^S", 300

ôvcu ^XvovGaL AcaTTt/xat/xcucrat pidx^jS'

iyo) Se irdvdos ovxl pêZov otcro/xat,

rds" eras' GrevovGa Kal 8t' atajvo? rasas'.

OLKrpov ydp, OLKTpov KeZv* eTTOi/jopLaL (f>dos

Kal TTTjpbdrojv viJjlgtov, wv Kpdvrrjs xp^^^^f 306

pL'qvTjg eXiGGWv kvkXov, avSrjOT^GeraL

.

" When Calchas prophesied that Troy could not be takenwithout Achilles, Thetis, knowing that if he Mênt to Troy

518

ALEXANDRA

endure to do upon his body a female robe,<» handlingthe noisy shuttle at the loom^ and shall be the last

to set his foot in the land of the foe, cowering, Obrother,^ even in his sleep before thy spear.

O Fate, what a pillar of our house shalt thoudestroy, withdrawing her mainstay from my unhappyfatherland ! But not with impunity, not withoutbitter toil and sorrow shall the pirate Dorian host

laugh exulting in the doom of the fallen; but bythe sterns running life's last lap shall they be burnt '^

along with the ships of pine, calling full often to,

Zeus the Lord of Flight to ward off bitter fate fromthem who perish. In that day nor trench nordefence of naval station nor stake-terraced palisade

nor cornice shall avail nor battlements. But, like

bees, confused with smoke and rush of flame andhurling of brands, many a diver shall leap from deckto sternpeak and prowpeak and benched seats andstain with blood the alien dust.

And many chieftains, and many that bore awaythe choicest of the spoils won by Hellas and gloried

in their birth, shall thy mighty hands destroy, filled

full with blood and eager for battle. But not the

less sorrow shall I bear, bewailing, yea, all my life

long, thy burial. For pitiful, pitiful shall that daybe for mine eyes and crown of all my woes that

Time, wheeling the moon's orb, shall be said to

bring to pass.

he must perish, disguised him as a girl in female clothes andput him in the charge of Lycomedes, king of Scyrus, with

whose daughters he was reared (Apollod. ill. 174). Theepisode was the subiect of a painting by Polygnotus (Paus.

i. 23. 6).

"* Hector.

c The reference is to the burning of the Greek ships bythe Trojans, //. xv. 704 ff.

519

LYCOPHRON

Alal, GTcvdô) Kal gov evyXayov ddXos,

J) aKVfjLve, repTTVov dyKaXicrfia avyyovcov,

OS T dyptov SpaKOvra 7Tvp<j)6pcp âXojv

Lvyyi To^cov, rov rvirivra 8' iv ^p6)(ots 310

fjudpiltas d<j)-uKTOis patov dcrrepyrj y^povov,

TTpos rod SafJLevTOS avros ov rerpcoixevos,

KapaTOfjLTjdels rvfjuôv alpidêis rrarpos.

OtpLOL SvcraiCDV, Kal SiTrXas drjSovas

Kal uoVf rdXaiva, norpLov aldô), OKvXa^' 315

wv TTjv fjiev avroTTpepLvov r) roKas kovls

Xavovaa Kevduxp ;^€tcreTat hiaa^dyos,

Xevaaovcrav drrjv dyx^Trovv OTevaypudrcoVy

tv' dXpua TrdiTTTOV Kal ^^puewdSos puopoi

rrjs XadpovvpL<jiov TTOprios puepLiypLevoL 320

GKvpLVO) Kexjovraiy TTplv Xa<j>vâoBai ydvog,

Trpiv CK Xox^t'as yvla ^prXwoai hpoaco'

G€ S' o'/xo. ITpOS VVpL(j)€La Kal yapLTjXiovs

d^€L dvrjXds GTvyvos "I^tSos" Xeojv,

pL7]Tp6s KeXavvfjs ;;ê/jvtjSa9 paaovpLevos

y

325

rpf els âOelav XaipLiGas TTOLpLavSplav

GT€<f>ri^6pov povv ^€Lv6s dpTapios SpdKCOV

« Troilus, youngest son of Priam, loved by Achilles andby him slain at the altar of Apollo Thymbraeus (Stat. *Sf. ii.

6. 32).^ Achilles." Apollo of Thymbra, whose son, in one version, Troilus

was.^ Laodice and Polyxena, sisters of Cassandra.« Hecuba.

520

ALEXANDRA

Ay ! me, for thy fair-fostered flower,* too, I groan,

O lion whelp, sweet darling of thy kindred, whodidst smite with fiery charm of shafts the fierce

dragon^ and seize for a little loveless while in

unescapable noose him that was smitten, thyself

unwounded by thy victim : thou shalt forfeit thyhead and stain thy father's '^ altar-tomb with thyblood.

O, me unhappy ! the two nightingales ^ and thyfate, poor hound,* I weep. One/ root and branch,

the dust that gave her birth shall, yawning, swallowin a secret cleft, when she sees the approachingfeet of lamentable doom, even where her ancestor's ^

grove is, and where the groundling heifer^ of

secret bridal lies in one tomb with her whelp,^

ere ever it drew the sweet milk and ere she

cleansed her with fresh water from the soilure of

childbed. And thee^ to cruel bridal and marriage

sacrifice the sullen lion,^ child of Iphis,^ shall lead,

imitating his dark mother's lustrations ; over the

deep pail the dread butcherly dragon shall cut thy

throat, as it were a garlanded heifer, and slay thee

' Laodice, on the capture of Troy, was swallowed up bythe earth near the tomb of Ilos (Apollod. epit. v. 25).

a Ilos, //. xi. 166.* Cilia was sister of Hecuba and wife of Thymoetes,

brother of Priam. On the same day Hecuba gave birth to

Paris and Cilia to Munippus, the father being Priam. Whentold by an oracle to destroy "her who had just given birth

and her child " Priam killed Cilia and her child.

* Munippus.^ Polyxena, sacrificed by Neoptolemus at the grave of

Achilles.* Neoptolemus.' Iphigeneia, mother, in one version, of Neoptolemus by

Achilles.

521

LYCOPHRON

paiaei rpnTdrpco (j)a(jydvcp KavSaovos",

XvKois TO 7TpoiT6o<j)aKTOv opKLOv G-)(aaas

.

ak 8' d/x^t kolXtjv alxp^dXojTOv fjova 330

TTpia^vv AoXoyKOJv SrjfjLoXevarov (LXevj]

iTTeapoXoLs dpalaiv rjpeOLGjJLevrj

Kpvi/jet KVTraaais x^PH'^^^^ e7ro/ij8pta,

M.aLpas orav âiovpov dXXdîr]s Sofxi/jv.

*0 S' dfJL^l TVfJLpo) rdyaixifxvovos Sa/xet? 335

KprjiTiSa TTTJyai vipde KaXXvvel ttXokco,

6 TTpos KaXvTTTprjs rrjs ofjLaLfjLovos raXas

(LvrjTos aWaXwTOV els irdrpav pioXwVy

TO TTplv 3' dfivSpov ovvoii aluTCx)aas gkotco,

orav x^^^^po^ TTVpcrov (hfioOpL^ âpvv 340

dTrcfiTroXrjT'^s rrjs (f)vraXfiLa9 x^^^^^(f>X€âs Tov (hSivovra fjuopfxcorov Xoxov

dvaif/aXd^T] yaarpog eXKvaas t,vyd,

rrjs StcTuêtas' S' dyKvXrjs XafXTTOvpiSos

Xdpiijjr] KaKov <f)pvKTOipov avraveiffLog 345

roTs €LS orrevrjv A€VKO<f>pvv iKTreirXcctKocn

Koi TTaiSo^pcoTOS YlopKeojs vijaovs SmXas.'Eya> Se tAt^/xoji/ tj ydfxovs dpvovfidvr],

€v TTapdevcJJvos Xatvov rvKLGfjuaGLV

dvLS repdfjbvojv els dv(x)po<f>ov areyrjv 35O

" Candaon here= Hephaestus, who gave the sword to

Peleus, he to Neoptolemus. This seems to refer the hnesto the sacrifice of Polyxena. Otherwise it would be natural

to refer i^p to Iphigeneia. 6pKiov (rxaaas : cf. Homer's opKia

Triara rafiovrei {II. iii. 73 etc.). Poimandria is another namefor Tanagra in Boeotia, and ravdypa is an dyyeiou x^îôvv iv

V ijpTvov TO, Kpâ (Hesych. s.v.) ; hence the use of Troijxavdpla

= a.yy€iov, in Lycophron's manner.* Hecuba. " Hecuba is stoned to death.'^ Maira, the hound of Erigone ; here hound generally

;

Hecuba was turned into a hound ; cf. 315.

522

ALEXANDRA

with the thrice-descended sword of Candaon/ shed-ding for the wolves the blood of the first oath-sacrifice. And thee^^ again^ an aged captive by thehollow strand^ stoned by the public arm of theDoloncians, roused thereto by the railing curses,

a robe shall cover with a rain of stones,*' when thoushalt put on thee sable-tailed form of Maira.**

And he,* slain beside the altar tomb of Agamem-non/ shall deck the pedestal with his grey locks

—

even he who, a poor prisoner ransomed for his

sister's" yeil, came to his country devastated withfire, and shrouded in dim darkness his former name *

—what time the fierce-crested serpent,* seller of theland that bred him, kindles the grievous torch anddraws the belly-bands and lets slip the travailing

terrible ambush,^ and when the own cousin * of the

crafty reynard, son ^ of Sisyphus, lights his evil

beacon for them who sailed away to narrow Leuco-pjiiygw and the two islands** of child-devouring

Porceus.**

And I, unhappy, who refused wedlock, within

the building of my stony maiden chamber without

ceiling, hiding my body in the unroofed tenement

* Priam was slain by Neoptolemus at the altar of ZeusHerceius.

' i.e, Zeus-Agamemnon. ^ Hesione.^ Podarces, the earlier name of Priam. When captured

by Heracles and Telamon, Hesione purchased (iirpiaTo) his

life with her veil. Hence his name Priamus.* Antenor, said to have been a traitor to Troy.» The wooden horse. * Sinon.^ Odysseus. "* Tenedos. " Calydnae." Porceus and Chariboea, the snakes which came from

Calydnae and killed Laocoon and his sons. For a discussion

of the story see Robert, Bild und Lied (BerUn 1881), Ex-cursus I.

52S

LYCOPHRON

elpKTTJs aAtjSSvcrao-a Xvyalas Se/ias",

rq rov Gopatov Urwov 'Q.pLr7]v dcov

XLtttovt dXeKTpojv eKâXovGa Sefivlcov,

d)9 Srj Kopeiav a^Birov TreTrajxevrj

TTpos yrjpoLS aKpov, naAAaSos" ^rjXwfjLacrc 365

rrjs iiLGOvvp^ôv A.a(f)pias YivXdrihos,

rrjfjLos pLaLWS <j>daaa TTpos ropyov XexosyajjupaLaiv dpirais olvds iXKvaOTJGOjJLai,

7) TToXXd Bt] BovSctav AWvLav ViopTjv

dpojyov avbdâcra rdppoBov ydfjuojv. 360

rj 8* €ts" repafjLva SovpaToyXv(j)OV crriyqs

yXrfvas dvcD arpeifiaaa "xcoaerai arparWyi^ OVpaVOV 7T€G0VGa Koi dpOVCJV Atos",

dvaKTi TrdTTTrcp xpVH'^ ripLaX(j>iaTarov

.

ivos 8e Xco^rjs dvrt, p,vpLojv rcKvcov 366

'EAAa? OT€vd^€L irdaa rovs k€vovs rdcf)ovs,

ovK OGTodiJKaLS, xî'pdSajv 8* e^r]iievovs»

ouS' VGrdirqv K€v9ovras €/c irvpos r€(f)p7]v

KpojaGOLGv rapxvdeiGaVy -^ dejJLis ^^trcDv,

dXX* ovvofM olKTpov KoX K€V7]pio)v ypa<f)ds 370

depjjLOLs t€k6vt(x)v BaKpvois XcXovfxevas

TraCScov re /cat OprjvoLac rots ojxevvihcjv.

'OiêAra /cat fxvxovpe xî'pdSojv Zidpa^

GTTiXoL T€ /cat TpvxdvTa /cat rpaxvs Nc8a;v

/cat Trdvra At^^cocrcroto /cat Ata/c/ota>v 375

yojAeta /cat ôpKVvos oIktjtiJplov,

6aa)v crrevayjJLOJV eKê^pacrfJLevojv veKpwvavv rjfiLdpavGTOLg iKpLOis dKOvaere,

OGOJV hk (fyXola^cov paxlas dveK^drov8tVats" TTaXippoioiGLV eXKovros adXov, 380

" Apollo. * Aias Oiliades, the Locrian Aias." Athena. Sea-gull as goddess of sea-faring (Paus. i. 5. 3).

524

ALEXANDRA

of my dark prison : I who spurned from my maidenbed the god Thoraios/ Lord of Ptoou, Ruler of theSeasons^ as one who had taken eternal maidenhoodfor my portion to uttermost old age^ in imitation of

her who abhors marriage, even Pallas, Driver of theSpoil, the Wardress of the Gates—in that day, as a

dove, to the eyrie of the vulture,^ in frenzy shall behaled violently in crooked talons, 1 who often invokedthe Maiden,'' Yoker of Oxen, the Sea-gull, to help

and defend me from marriage. And she unto the

ceiling of her shrine carven of wood shall turn upher eyes and be angry with the host, even she that

felH from heaven and the throne of Zeus, to be a

possession most precious to my great grandfather *

the King. And for the sin of one man ^ all Hellas

shall mourn the empty tombs of ten thousand chil-

dren—not in receptacles of bones, but perched onrocks, nor hiding in urns the embalmed last ashes

from the fire, as is the ritual of the dead, but a

piteous name and legends on empty cairns, bathed

with the burning tears of parents and of children

and mourning of wives.

O Opheltes ^ and Zarax,» who keepes^ the secret

places of the rocks, and ye cliffs, and Trychantes,*'

and rugged Nedon,» and all ye pits of Dirphossus ^

and Diacria,^ and thou haunt of Phorcys^! whatgroaning shall ye hear of corpses cast up with decks

broken in twain, and what tumult of the surge that

may not be escaped, when the foaming water

drags men backward in its swirling tides ! And how

^ i.e. the Palladium,' heaven-fallen image of Athena.« Ilus. ' Alas Oiliades.

« Hills in Euboea, in reference to wreck of Greeks on

coast of Euboea on way home from Troy.^ Coast of Euboea ; 'Phorcys, the old man of the sea.

525

LYCOPHRON

oacov 8e dvvvcov rjXoKLGfjLevcDV pa<l)as

TTpos TTj-ydvoLori KparoSy Sv Karai^drrjs

(TKrjTTTos KaT 6p(j>V7]v yevu€Tai BrjovpLevajv,

orav Kaprjpapevvras e/c fJLedrjs dycov

XafjLTrrrjpa <f)aivr) t6v 7roSr}Y€Tr]v gkotov 385

alvriqs, dypvirvco TrpocrKad'qfJLevos rexyr].

ToV 8* Ota SVTTTTJV KTjpvXoV StO, GT€VOV

avXcjvos OLG€L Kvpua yvpivriT7]v ^dypov,

SlttXojv fjLera^ pôt/xxScov aapovjX€vov.

TvpaiGL 8' €v 7T€rpaiGL repaalvajv Trrepd 390

aTdt,ovTa TTOvroVy Sevrepav dXpLf^v GTrdaei,

pXrjdels diT* oxdojv rep rpicovvx^p ôpi,

<L viv KoXaarrjs Setvos" ovrdaag Xarpevs

dvayKdaei âAAatort Koivcovelv Spopuov

KOKKvya KopbTrdôvra pLai/javpas oroôvs. 395

ifwxpov 8' €77* a/crats" iK^c^paajJievov vIkvv

heX^fiivos aKrls Set/ota KadavaveX.

rdpLXOv iv piviois Se /cat ^pvois aaTrpov

Kpvipci KaroLKTLcraaa NT^cratas- Kdais,

AiGKOv pLeyiarov rdppoOos K-Vvaidecos. 400

rvpuôs Se^^CLTCOv oprvyos Trerpov/JLevrjs

Tpipbcjv (f>vXdêL poxOov Alyalas dXos.

TY]V Kao-Tvtav he koX MeAtvatav Oeov

XvTTpos Trap* "Aihr^v Sevvdaei KaKoppodcjv,

Tj fjLLV TraXevaei SvgXvtols olarpov ^poxois, 405

* Nauplius, king of Euboea, who, in revenge for thedeath of his son Palamedes, whom the Greeks stoned to

death on a charge of treason, lured the Greeks on their

way from Troy upon the rocks of Euboea.* Aias Oiliades, the Locrian, wrecked by Poseidon on the

Gyrae." Cliffs near Myconos and Tenos, where the Locrian Aias

was saved after his shipwreck.

526

ALEXANDRA

many tunnies with the sutures of their heads split

upon the frying-pan ! of whom the down-rushingthunderbolt in the darkness shall eat as they perish :

when the destroyer " shall lead them^ their heads yetaching from the debauch^ and light a torch to guidetheir feet in the darkness, sitting at his unsleepingart.

And one,^ like a diving kingfisher, the wave shall

carry through the narrow strait, a naked glutton-fish

swept between the double reefs. And on theGyrae " rocks drying his feathers dripping from thesea, he shall drain a second draught of the brine,

hurled from the banks by the three-taloned spear,

wherewith his dread punisher,'* ,that once was athrall,* shall smite him and compel him to run his

race among the whales, blustering, like a cuckoo,

his wild words of abuse. And his chilly dolphin's

dead body cast upon the shore the rays of Seirius

shall wither. And, rotten mummy-fish, among mossand seaweed Nesaia's sister/ shall hide him for pity,

she that was the helper ^ of the most mighty Quoit,*

the Lord of Cynaetha. And his tomb beside the

Quail * that was turned to stone shall trembling

watch the surge of the Aegean sea. And bitter in

Hades he shall abuse with evil taunts the goddess-?

of Castnion and Melina, who shall entrap him in the

unescapable meshes of desire, in a love that is no

^ Poseidon." Poseidon as servant of Laomedon, in building the walls

of Troy.

/ Thetis. ^ Horn. //. i. 396 ff.

^ Zeus in reference to his being swallowed by Cronus.

For worship of Zeus at Cynaetha in Arcadia cf. Paus. v. 22. 1.

» Ortygia= Delos, where the Locrian Aias was buried.•'' Aphrodite.

527

LYCOPHRON

epcoras ovk epcoras, aAA 'Eptwcov

TTLKpav diToi/f'qXaaa ktjpovXkov Trdyrjv.

"Anacra 8* dXyr] Seêrat KWKVfidrojv,

ocTTjV "Apardos ivrog iJSc Svorârou

AeLprjdpLaL a<j>iyyovGL Aojtlov TruAat, 410

ols ovjJLos earai Kax^povaiav Trdpa

p-qyjjuva 8ap6v eGrevaypiivos ydpios.

TToXXojv yap iv aTrXdyxvoidi Tvp,^€v9i^G€TaL

Ppcodels TToXvaroixoLOL KapuiricDV yvddois

VTjpidpLOs iupbos' ol 8' em iivrjs $€Vol, 415

Trawv eprjpLOL Se^LoxiovraL Td(f>ovs.

Tov /xev yap 'Htcov llirpvpuovos BccraArta,

Âipvvdlojv dyxovpos o^Se Btcrrdvcav,

KOVpOTp6(f)OV Trdyovpov ^Yihcjvchv ireXas

Kpvi/f€L, TTplv 7} Tvp.cf)prjGr6v avydaai Xeiras, 420

TOV TTarpl ttXclcttov iarvyrjpLevov pporojv,

OfJLTjpOV OS /XtV drJK€ TCTp'^VaS AvXÔUS",

OT^ els vodov Tpijpajvos rjvvdodr] Xexos-

TpiGGOvs Se rapxvo'ovGL K.€pKd(f)ov vdiraL

"AAevTO? OVK diTCxiBe KavrjKas ttotcov 425

TOV fliVy MoXoGGOV KvTreWS KotTOU KVKVOV,

(jvos TrapanXayxOevTa dr)X€ias tokojv,

6t els oXvvOcjJv BrjpLv iXKvaas oo<f)r)u

TOV dvOdpLiXXov avTos c/c p,avT€vpidTa)v

" Greece, especially North Hellas.* River of Ambracia. " Near Olympus.** In Thessaly. * Thesprotia.f Phoenix, tutor of Achilles (Horn. 11. ix. 432 ff.). Died

on his way home from Troy and was buried at Eion.^ In Thessaly.^ Amyntor who, from jealousy of Clytia and his son

Phoenix, put out the latter's eyes (Apollod, iii. 13. 8),

' Clytia,

528

ALEXANDRA

love but springing for him the bitter death-drawingsnare of the Erinyes.

And woes of lamentation shall the whole land**

hear—all that Aratthos^ and the impassable Leibe-thrian gates ^ of Dotion ^ enclose : by all these, yea,

even by the shore of Acheron/ my bridal shall long

be mourned. For in the maws of many sea-monsters

shall be entombed the countless swarm devoured bytheir jaws with many rows of teeth ; while others,

strangers in a strange land, bereft of relatives, shall

receive their graves.

For one/ Bisaltian Eion by the Strymon, close

marching with the Apsynthians and Bistonians, nighto the Edonians, shall hide, the old nurse of youth,

wrinkled as a crab, ere ever he behold T}^!!-

phrestus' crag ^ : even him who of all men was mosthated by his father,^ who pierced the lamps of his

eyes and made him blind, when he entered the

dove's ^ bastard bed.

And three ^' sea-gulls the glades of Cercaphusshall entomb, not far from the waters of Aleis : one *

the swan of Molossus Cypeus Coetus,^ who failed to

guess the number of the brood-sow's young, when,dragging his rival '^ into the cunning contest of the

wild figs, himself, as the oracle foretold, shall err

' Calchas, Idoraeneus, Sthenelus, all buried at foot ofCercaphus near Colophon.

* Calchas, the prophet, hence the swan of Apollo (hereindicated by three obscure cult-names), was warned that heshould die when he met a superior prophet. MeetingMopsus, Calchas proposed the problem of telling how manyfigs there were on a certain fig-tree. Mopsus answeredcorrectly, and in turn asked Calchas to foretell how manyyoung a certain brood sow would throw. Unable to answerCalchas died of grief.

' Apollo. "' Mopsus.

2m 529

LYCOPHRON

o-âAetS" lavaei rov fJLefjbOpfjLcvov Trorfiov 430

Tov 8' av reraprov iyyovcov *E/3e;^êct)S",

AWcovos avTdheX(f)OV iv TrXaarals ypa<l>als'

rpLTOV §€, rov piodavvas 'Ek-ttJvcov ttotc

GT€ppa SiKeXXj) ôv(jKa(f)riGavro£ yovov,

ov ToyyvXdTr)s etAe BouAatos" MvXevs, 435

ayTÂaroj pidarLyi avvdpavaas Kapa,

rjpios ^vvalpbovg narpog at Nu/cros" Kopai

TTpos avT0^6vT7)v GTprjvov cjirXiGav pbopov,

AoLol Se petdpajv IlvpdpLov Trpo^ eKpoXaXs

avroKTovois G(j)ayaZai Ar]paLVOv kvv€s 440

SpLrjdevres alxpi'dGOVGL XoiGdiav porjv

TTVpyojv VTTO TrrepvaiGL IlapL(f>vXov Koprjs.

alnvs 8' dXi^pojs oxP'Os iv pLeraixP'^cp

Mayapcros' dyvojv rjpiajv crra^T^creTat,

d)9 puTj pXeTTOJGL, piTjSe vepripcov eSpas 445

Svvres, </)6va) XovGOivras dXXrjXcov rdcfyovs.

01 rrevre Se Yi(f>rjK€iav ets" KepaGrtav/cat Yidrpaôv ^Xcoâvreg ^YXdrov re yrjv

Mopc/xh TrapOLK'qGOVGL ttjv 7j7]pvv9iav.

« Idoraeneus, son of Deucalion, son of Minos, son of Zeus,came safely home to Crete but afterwards went to Italy

and finally Colophon (Serv., Verg. A. iii. 401). In Od. I.e.

Odysseus pretends to be Aethon, brother of Idomeneus.^ Zeus. " Homer, Od. xix. 181 ff.

^ Sthenelus, son of Capaneus. The latter was one of theEpigoni against Thebes (Ectenes = Thebans, cf. Pans. ix. 5. 1),

who boasted that he would take the town in spite of Zeus(Aesch. Sept. 440), and was slain by a thunderbolt.

« Theba'ns.' Zeus. For Zei>s BouXatoj cf. Paus. i. 3. 5. a Erinyes.^ Eteocles and Polyneices, at once sons and brothers of

Oedipus. ' Oedipus.' Amphilochus and Mopsus : as prophets they are called

hounds of Apollo. When Amphilochus wished to visit

Argos, the home of his father Amphiaraus, he entrusted

530

ALEXANDRA

and sleep the destined sleep ; the next,* again,

fourth in descent from Erechtheus,^ own brother of

Aethon " in the fictitious tale ; and third/ the son of

him that with stern mattock ploughed the woodenwalls of the Ectenes/ whom Gongylates/ the Coun-sellor, the Miller, slew and brake his head in pieces

with his curse-expelling lash, what time the maidendaughters of Night ^ armed them that were the

brothers ^ of their own father * for the lust of doomdealt by mutual hands.

And two^ by the mouth of the streams of

Pyramus,* hounds of Deraenus,^ shall be slain bymutual slaughter, and fight their last battle at the foot

of the towers of the daughter '>^ of Pamphylus. And a

steep sea-bitten fortress, even Magarsus, shall stand

between their holy cairns, so that even when theyhave gone down to the habitations of the dead, theymay not behold each other's tombs, bathed in blood.

And five '^ shall come to the Horned Isle ^ of

Wasps and Satrachus^ and the land of Hylates,? anddwell beside Morpho *" the Lady of Zerynthus.

the town of Mallos in Cilicia, which they had jointly

founded, to Mopsus for one year. As on his return Mopsusrefused him his share in the town, they fought a duel in

which both fell. They were burled on opposite sides ofMagarsus, a hill near Mallos. * In Cilicia.

' Apollo : cult name from Deraenus near Abdera."* Magarsus, foundress of Magarsus in Cilicia.

" Teucer, Agapenor, Acamas, Praxandrus, Cepheus." Cyprus. P River in Cyprus.* Apollo. For Apollo Hylates cf. inscription from Egypt

(probably Kuft) of third century b.c. Dittenb. Orient. Graec.

Inscrip. Select. No. 53 'XiroWwui 'TXdrrjL 'ApreyUtSt ^b}<r<f)6pb)i

'ApT€/xidi 'EvoStat AT/rotEi^r^/cj/cot'Hpa/cXet KaXXiJ'tKwt 'AvoWibvios

bioLK-qT-qs. This specially Cyprian by-name was found also

near Magnesia on the Maeander (Paus. x. 32. 6).

^ Aphrodite : cf. Paus. iii. 15. 10.

531

LYCOPHRON

'0 fjuev TTarpos fxoix<f)aiaiv 7jXaaTp7)fjL€VOs 450

Kvxp^ôs dvTpcov BcoKapov re va/xarcuv,

ovpLOs fwat/xos", d)s oTTarpiov ôvevs

7TCL)XoVy vodov (fylrvpLa, avyyevcjv ^Xd^r),

rod Xvaaav iv TroifivaiGLv al^rjrripiav

')(€avTOs, ov x^P^ôs (hfJUTjarov Sopd 466

XClXko) ToprjTov ovK er€V^€V iv fJ^dxt),

fiiav TTpos "AlStjv Kal (fySirovs TTeirajJidvov

KeXevOoVf '^v yvjpvros €Kpvip€ YtKvdrjs,

7Jp,os Karaidoiv OvaBXa KojjjLvpo) Xicov

a(j>a) TTarpl XdcrKc ras" iTTTjKoovs Atra?, 460

(TKVfJbVOV Trap* dyKdXaiaiv dira ^pdcras.

ov ydp TL Treiaei ÎrvVy d)s 6 AijfJLVLOS

7rp7jCTrr)p 'Etvvovg, ovttot els <l)vt,(^v rpaTrels

ravpos papv<f)pa)v, SvcrfxeveGrdrov îvoiv

ervifje Swpco airXdyxvov, dpvevoras Xvypov 465

7T7]8rjp,a TTpos KvcoSovTos avTovpyovs u(âyds»

iXa Se irdrpas rijXe TpafJLîjXov Kaoriv,

ov rj ^vvaifios Trarpos e/cAo;)êu€rat,

SoOetaa Trpcorat^/xeta rep 7rvpyo(JKd<f)Cp.

TfV hri TTor , iv piJTpaLcrL SrjfjLorctJv aradeis, 470

yXavKcp KeXaivov Sopnov corpwev kvvl

areZXai rpnrXds dvyarpas 6 cnreipas ^dâ^.

« Teucer, son of Telamon and Hesione, daughter ofLaomedon, was banished from Salarais by his father whenhe returned from Troy without Aias.

* Telamon. « Prehistoric king of Salamis.'^ River in Salamis.* Hesione was sister of Priam. ' Aias.' Heracles'Jion-skin (Find. 1. 5 (6)).^ Aias was vulnerable in one part only (Plato, Symp.

219 e), viz. his side. The story followed here is that whenAias was an infant Heracles wrapped him in his lion's skin,

532

I

ALEXANDRA

One" shall be he that shall be banished by his

father's ^ taunts from the cave of Cychreus '^ and the

waters of Boearus <* ; even he my cousin/ as a bastard

breedj the ruin of his kin, the murderer of the colt ^

begotten by the same father; of him who spent

his sworded frenzy on the herds ; whom the hide of

the lion ^ made invulnerable by the bronze in battle

and who possessed but one ^ path to Hades and the

dead—that which the Scythian quiver covered, whattime the lion/ burning sacrifice to Comyrus/' uttered

to his sire his prayer that was heard, while hedandled in his arms his comrade's cub. For he*shall not persuade his father ^ that the Lemnianthunderbolt "^ of Enyo—he the sullen bull that never

turned to flee—smote his own bowels with the gift

of his bitterest foe,*^ diving in a sorrowful leap on

the sword's edge in self-wrought slaughter. Farfrom his fatherland his sire shall drive Trambelus' ^

brother, whom my father's P sister 9 bare, when she

was given to him ^ who razed the towers as first-

fruits of the spear. She it was that the babbler,*

the father of three daughters, standing up in the

council of his townsmen, urged should be offered as

and prayed to Zeus that the child might be invulnerable

where the lion's skin touched him. The quiver of Heraclesprevented the skin from touching him at one place, wherehe was therefore vulnerable. For another version cf. Pind.

Isth. V. (vi.).

* Heracles. ' Zeus.* Teucer. ^ Telamon.^ Aias, son of Telamon." Hector's sword (Soph. Aj. 815 ff.).

° Son of Telamon and Hesione, and so brother of Teucer.p Priam. * Hesione. '' Telamon.* Phoenodamas, whom Laomedon asked to expose his

three daughters to the sea-monster.

533

LYCOPHRON

TO) Trdaav aXfir) TTrjXorroLOVVTi ;(ôva,

orav KXvBojvas iêpevyTjrai yvdOojv,

Xdppco aaXevcjv rrdv rpiKviiia ttcSov. 475

d 8' dvrl TTLTTOVS GKopTTiov Xaifxcp GTrdaas

ôpKCp KaKTJs d)Blvo9 €KXavG€v ^dpos,

Xpjji^^v TTvdeadai TTrjpLdrcov ^vfipovXtav.

'0 Sevrepos Se vrJGOv dyporrjs puoXcLv,

')(ep(jatos avToSairos iyyovojv Spvos 480

XvKaivop.6pô)V ISvKTLfjLOV Kpeav6p.o)v,

rcjv TTpooBe P'Tivr]? ^rjyivcov TTvpvcov o)(rjV

aTrXrjSo) Acar' aKpov X^^H'^ daXipdvTOiV Trvpos,

XdXKCopvx'^Gr^L Kal Tov iK ôdpov airdaet

pchXoVy SiKeXXrj TTOLV fxeTaXXevojv yvvOos, 435

ov Îrvv rjvdpL$€V Olralos gtovu^,

ôvpojvos iv ropixaiai dpvXiâs SejjLas.

eyvo) S' d rXruxcov avv KaKw fiaOojv €7tos,

(hs TToXXd ;)^€tAeus' Kal SeTraarpalcDV ttotcjv

fxeGO) KvXivSei fjuolpa Tra/x/xr^cTTCop pporojv. 490

d 8' avros dpycp ttols <j)aXT]puov Xvdpco

OTOpdvy^ SeSouTTCus" rov Kravovr rjpLVvarOf

TrXrjâs dcf)VKTCos aKpov 6pxy]crrov cr^vpov.

<* Sea-monster sent by Poseidon when Laomedon refusedto pay him for building the walls of Troy.

* Hesione : "woodpecker" merely contrasts the feeble-

ness of Hesione with the scorpion, Heracles.<' Heracles ; cf. 34 n.

^ A sea-god, son of Pontus and Gaia.^ Agapenor from Arcadia, ^ Arcadians.3 Son of Lycaon, king of Arcadia, who was slain and

served as food by his father to Zeus, who was Lycaon'sguest. Zeus turned Lycaon and his sons into wolves.

534

ALEXANDRA

dark banquet for the grey hound^,'* which with briny

water was turning all the land to mud^ spewingwaves from his jaws and with fierce surge flooding

all the ground. But, in place of the woodpecker,^

he swallowed in his throat a scorpion '^ and bewailed

to Phorcus ^ the burden of his evil travail, seeking to

find counsel in his pain.

The second ^ who comes to the island is a country-

man and a landsman, feeding on simple food, oneof the sons/ of the oak, the wolf-shaped devourers

of the flesh of Nyctimus,^ a people that were before

the moon,'^ and who in the height of winter heatedin the ashes of the fire their staple of oaken bread

;

he shall dig for copper* and from the trench dragthe soil, mining with mattock every pit. His father^'

the tusk ^ of Oeta slew, crushing his body in the

regions of the belly. In sorrow, wretched man,he learnt the truth of the saying that the all-

devising fate of men rolls many a thing betwixt the

life and the draught of the cup.^ That same tusk,

all flecked with glistening foam, when he had fallen

took vengeance on his slayer, smiting with unescap-

able blow the dancer's ankle-bone.

^ i.e. of primeval antiquity (Apoll. Rh. iv. 264).* Copper mines in Cyprus.* Ancaeus.* The Calydonian Boar.' Two Ancaei are known to mythology—Ancaeus of

Arcadia and Ancaeus of Samos. Of the latter—who is

often confused with the other—it is told that when plantinga vine it was prophesied that he would never taste its fruit.

Just when he was about to drink the wine of its grapes, therecame the news of the Calydonian Boar. He went to thehunt and was killed. Hence proverb : TroXXa /Aera|() iriXei

KvXiKos Kal xetXeos &Kpov. He is the " dancer " (493) either as

a warrior or in reference to Hom. IL xvi. 745 (Holzinger).

535

LYCOPHRON

Tpiros 8e rod iidptjjavTos eK kolXyjs Tvirpas

KeXcop yiyavTOS oVAa, rod ttot els Xexos 495

Xadpalov avroKXrjTOs 'ISata rropig

rj ^cDc' is "AiSt^v iêrai Karai^drLS,

dpijvoLGLv e/cra/cetcja, Movvltov roKas'

ov St^ ttot* dypa)G(jovra Kprjarwvrjs e^tS"

Kreveiy irardâs Trripvav dypico êXei, 500

orav t€k6vtos al^QxdXcoros els X^P^^Tj TTarpofjL'iJTCop Tov hv6<j>cp redpafifjievov

^dXr) veoyvov GKvpbvov.fj

pôvr] ^vyov

SovXeiov dix<f>ripeL(jav 'A/cratcuv Xvkol

rijs dpTTayeicrrjs avriiroLva dvidhos, 505

60V oarpdKOV arpoîXos evrerjX'qfJLevos

Koporrjv GK€TTd^€L pvjia <j)OLviov hopos.

Tct 8* aAAa dpLTTOj^pajTOS dijjavcrros Sofxcov

(T<f>payis SoK€V€t,, Odjjupos eyxoypois jJieya.

d Srj 77/30? darpcov /cAt/xa/ca crrTyo-et BpopLov 610

TOLS r]p,i6vrirois Sltttvxols AaTrepaiois'

ovs puriTTOT , c5 Zcu aa)T€p, els Trdrpav ifirjv

areiXais dpcoyovs rrj SiaapTrdyo) KpeKt,

fiTjSe TrrepCDrds oirXlaavrcs oA/caSas"

« Acamas, son of Theseus. Theseus was son of Aegeus(really of Poseidon) and Aethra, daughter of Pittheus ofTroezen. Aegeus hid his sword and shoes under a rock to

serve as tokens by which their son might make himselfknown to his father when he grew up. Before the Trojanwar Acamas went to Troy with Diomede to demand backHelen. Here, by Laodice, daughter of Priam, he had a sonMunitus who was reared by his grandmother Aethra, whowas then in Troy in attendance on Helen, \yhen Troy wastaken, Aethra gave up Munitus to Acamas, while Laodicewas swallowed by the earth near the tomb of Ilus. Munitusafterwards died by the bite of a snake in Thrace.

* Theseus. " Aegeus. '^ Acamas.

536

ALEXANDRA

And the third " is the son of him ^ wiio took fromthe hollow of the rock the arms of the giant ^ ; evenhe^ into whose secret bed shall come self-invited that

heifer * of Ida who shall go down to Hades alive/

worn out with lamentation^ the mother of Munitus^whom one day, as he hunts, a viper of Crestone 9

shall kill, striking his heel with fierce sting ; whattime into his father's'* hands that father's father's *"

mother/ taken captive, shall lay the young cub*reared in the dark : she on whom alone the wolves ^

which harried the people of Acte "* set the yoke of

slavery in vengeance for the raped Bacchant,** those

wolves whose head a cloven egg-shell^ covers, to

guard them from the bloody spear ; all else theworm-eaten untouched seal^P watches in the halls,

a great marvel to the people of the country. Whichthings shall rear a ladder to the trace of the stars

for the twin half-mortal Lapersii.9 Whom, OSaviour Zeus, never mayst thou send against myfatherland to succour the twice-raped corncrake,*"

nor may they equip their winged ships and from the

« Laodice. •'' See v. 314 n. s In Thrace.^ Acamas. ' Theseus,* Aethra, mother of Theseus ; Munitus, son of Acamas.* Munitus. ' The Dioscuri.''' Attica. " Helen." The Dioscuri wear a conical cap resembling half an egg-

shell, half the Leda-egg frpm which they were born.^ Worm-eaten wood was used in early times as a seal.

2 The Dioscuri, i.e. Castor and Pollux, who shared their

immortality day and day about, Horn. Od. xi. 298 if..

Find. P. xi. 63 ff. They received divine honours in Athensbecause when they invaded Attica they carried off Aethrabut touched nothing else. They are called Lapersii becausethey sacked Las in Laconia.

*" Helen as a child was carried off by Theseus, later byParis.

537

LYCOPHRON

TTpVfiVTjs o-tt' aKpas yvfivov alijjrjpov noSa 5^5elg Be^pVKOJV pU/j€Lav iKâryjplaVy

fxrjh* ol XeovTOJV rcovSe Kaprepcorepoi,

OlXkTjV dfJLLKTOL, TOVS "ApTJS C^tAaTO,

/cat St' 'Evuoj, /cat rpLydvvrjros Oea

IBoapfJLia AoyydrLs 'O/xoAcots" Bta. 520ovK dv, rd xîpwvaKres ipydrai StTrAot,

Apvfjias T€ /cat ri/ooâvTOS', o J^pwfjLvrjs aVaf

,

iXarvTTrjaav KOipdvcp ifjevSajfiorr],

iv rjfjiap dpKea€L€ TTOpdrjrals Xvkols

areâi âpeXav i/jiôXrjv paiarrjpiav, 525Kaiirep irpo 7TVpya)v rov Jâvaarpalov fieyav

iyXc^pi'OV yiyavra hvafxevcjv pLoyXov

exovra, /cat rov irpajrov evaroxcp ôXfj

fiaipLcovTa Tvi/jai TToipivicjv dXdaropa.

ov St] ttot' aWcov Trpcora /catvtcret Sopv 53QKLpKOs dpaavs Tn^Brj/JLa Xanprjpov St/ccuv,

TpaiKCJV dpiaroSi & TrdXai revx^t' rdcfyovg

d/CTT] AoAoy/CCOV €VTp€7Tr)S KeKfJLTJKOTL,

Maôucrta Trpovxovaa ;\;€/3oratou Kepcos.

'AAA' ccrrt ydp ris, eart /cat Tra^' iXiriha 535l^/XtV apO^yOS" 7Tp€V[JL€Vr]S 6 ApVflVLOS

SaLfjbCDV Upofiavdevs Aldioijj Tvpdi/jLog,

69, rov TrXavrjTqv ÔpOdvrjv orav So/xots"

CTtVtv KarappaKTTJpa Se^wvrai mKpovol heivd KaTToBeara Treicreoddi irore 5^q

<* i.e. Troy. * Idas and Lynceus, sons of Apharsus.<= Athena Tritogeneia, a much-disputed title. Boarmia,

etc., are said to be Boeotian cult-names of Athena.*<* Apollo in Miletus. ^ Poseidon in Thurii.

/In Paphlagonia. ^ Laomedon.* Hector: called Canastraean because he is a "giant,"

and the home of the Giants is Pallene with its townCanastraeum.

538

ALEXANDRA

stern end set their naked swift foot in the landing-

place * of the Bebryces I Neither may those others ^

who are mightier than these lions, the unapproach-able in valour, whom Ares loves and divine Enyoand the goddess that was born on the third day,''

Boarmia Longatis Homolois Bia. The walls which thetwo working craftsmen, Drymas^ and Prophantus,*

Lord of Cromna,/ built for the king ^ that brake his

oath, would not avail for one day against the ravagingwolves, to keep out their grievous ruinous assault,

even though they have before the towers the mightyCanastraean,'* the native giant, as a bar against the

foemen, eager to smite with well-aimed shaft thefirst harrier of the flocks. His spear shall a boldfalcon * first handsel, swooping a swift leap, best of

the Greeks, for whom, when he is dead, the readyshore of the Doloncians J builds of old a tomb, evenMazusia jutting from the horn of the dry land.

But we have one,^* yea one beyond our hope,for gracious champion, even the god DiPj^mnius

Promantheus Aethiops Gyrapsius, who, when they ^

who are destined to suffer things dread and undesir-

able shall receive in their halls their fatal guest,"*

the swooping robber, the wandering Orthanes," and

' Protesilaus of Thessaly was first to leap ashore at Troyand was slain by Hector.

^ Thracian Chersonese, where Protesilaus was buried nearMazusia, opposite Sigeuin (Strabo vii. 331 fr. 52, cf. xiii.

595).* Zeus : the cult-names Drym. and Pr, are Zeus in

Pamphylia and Thurii respectively ; A. and G. in Chios.' The Laconians. i "* Paris." A licentious deity, cf. Strabo 588 ov5i yap 'Ralodos oUe

Upiairoy, dW ^oikc rots 'Arrt/cols 'Opdavrj Kal KoviadXcp Kal

Tvx<avi. Kal tois toio&tol^.- So Athen. 441 f. couples Orthanesand Conisalus.

539

LYCOPHRON

liiXKovres, €v re Sairl /cat BaXvaLois

XoLpatGi fJL€iXlaGCoaLV OLGrepyrj K/oayor,

Brjaei âpvv koXcoov iv Aeorâts- fieGov.

Kal TTpwra fxkv ixvdoiaiv aXXriXovs oha^

PpVÔVCTL KrjKaOfJLOLGLV <1)Kp10)p,€VO 1

,

545

aunts' S* ivaixjJidaovaLV avravei/jLOi,,

dveipiais opvioi ;^/)ato')Lt7j(Tat ydfJLOvs

pLaLOKXwTTas dpTrayds re avyyovcDV

XPTltovreSf dX<j>r]s ttjs dcSvcjrov Slktjv.

rj TToXXd Srj pdXcpuva Kvtjklojv Tropos 660pi(j>ivTa ToXpuais alercov CTroj/rerat,

aTTLcrra /cat Oafjb^rjrd ^7]paioLS /cAuetv.

o ixkv Kpaveia kolXov ovrdaas gtvttos

<l)7]yov KeXaivrjs hnrrvxojv eva ^êpet,

Xiovra ravpco (wpLpaXovTa <f)vXo7nv. 555o 8' a^ (jLyvixvcp irXevp^ dvapprjâs ôos/cAtvet TTpos ovbas. rep he Sevrepav emTrXrjyrjv ddapLprjs Kpcos eyKopvi/jerai,

dyaXfia ir'^Xas tcJjv 'A/xu/cAatcov rdefxjov.

6p,ov 8e pâA/cos" /cat Kepavvioi ôXal , 550ravpovs KaraâvovGLV, wv dXKrjv ivos

ouS* o S/ctaCTTT^S" 'O/o^teu? TtAôucrtoj

e/xe/xâr', ei^ x^/j/xato-t paiôjaas Kepas.

/cat Tous" /xev "AtSTys", rot)? 8* ÔXvfnnoL irXdKes

Trap* rjfJLap alel he^nLaovrai êvovs, 565

îXav6opM.ip,ovs, d(j)diTOVs re /cat <f)dirovs-

^ Zeus, to prevent the Dioscuri going against Troy,involves them in a quarrel with the sons of Aphareus.

* Idas and Lynceus fight with Castor and Polydeuces,Find. iV^. X.

" Phoebe and Hilaeira, daughters of Leucippus.^ River near Sparta.

540

ALEXANDRA

when at banquet and festival they shall seek to

propitiate the inexorable Lord ^ of Cragos, shall putin the midst of their talk grievous wrangling. Andfirst in words they shall tear each other with their

teeth, exasperate with jeers ; but anon the owncousins^ shall ply the spear, eager to prevent theviolent rape of their cousin birds/ and the carrying

off of their kin, in vengeance for the traffic withoutgifts of wooing. Surely many a shaft shall the

stream of Cnacion ^ behold hurled by the daring of

the eagles, incredible and marvellous for the

Pheraeans * to hear. One / with his spear of cornel-

wood shall smite the hollow trunk of the black oakand shall slay one ^ of the pair—a lion joining battle

with a bull. The other ^ in turn with his lance

shall pierce the side of the ox^ and bring him to

the ground. But against him J the undaunted ram *

shall butt a second blow, hurling the headstone of the

Amyclaean tomb. And bronze spear and thunder-

bolts together shall crush the bulls ^—whereof one "*

had such valour as even Sciastes Orchieus,*'^ Lord of

Tilphossa, did not scorn, when he bent his bow in

battle. And the one pair ^ Hades shall receive : the

others^ the meadows of Olympus shall welcome as

guests on every alternate day, brothers of mutual love,

undying and dead.

« In Messenia ; Horn. II. ix. 151.' Idas. ^ Castor. ^ Polydeuces.* Lynceus. ' Polydeuces.* Idas hurls the tombstone of his father, Aphareus, at

Polydeuces, Pind. N. x. 66.

' I, and L."» Idas who fought with Apollo for Marpessa, daughter of

Evenus. '< Apollo.^o Idas and Lynceus, Castor and Polydeuces.p Horn. Od. xi. 303 ; Pind. N. x. 55 ff. ; Apollod. ill. 137.

541

LYCOPHRON

Kat rcjv fiev rjfiTv evvdorei Salficov Sopv,

jSatov Tt firjxoi-p ^v KaKoXg Swpovfjievog

.

aXXcov 8* aTrXarov xetpt KLvqacL V€(j)Os,

Sv ouS' d 'Poiovs IviS €Vvdt,iov fiivos 570

axTJo'eCy Tov ivvecopov iv viâa) xp^vov

ixiyuveiv dvcjycjjv, OecrcfxxTOLS TreTretcr/xeVouj,

Tpocfyrjv 8'diJb€iJ,(j>rj ttoLgi TpLirrvxovs Kopas

LGKCJV TTapiêiv, Kvvdlav ogol crKOTrrjv

fjLLfJLVOvres rjXdaKovcjLV Îvcdttov TreAas", 575

AlyVTTTLOV TpLTCOVOS €XkOVT€S TTOTOV .

dg St) Upo^XacTTOs eêTratSeucre dpaavs

fJLvXrj^drov ;)^tAoro SaiSaXevrplas

epTTiv re pit,eiv t^S' dXoi<j)aiov Xiiros,

OiVorpoTTOvg 7^dpr]KOs €Ky6vovs (j)dpas. 580

at /cat arparov ôvireivav oSvetcjv kvvwvrpvôvaav dXdavovaiv, iXOovaai irore

Tiidcjvog €19 dvyarpos evvaarripiov

.

Kat ravra fjuev ixiroiai x^^XKecuv TrdXai

arpopL^wv eiTippoitôvGi yrjpaial Kopau' 586

K.r)(f)€vg Se /cat UpdâvSpos, ov vavKXrjplas

AacDv ava/cres", dAA' dvcovvfioL ottopal,

TrepLTTTOL reraproL yalav tôvrai Oeds

VoXycxiv dvdcrarjs' (Lv 6 /xev Aa/ccov' oxXovdywv ScpdiTVY)?, ddrepos S* 0,77' ^QXivov ^^"

AvpLTjs re BovpaLOiOTLv "qyefiwy arparov.

" The Greek expedition against Troy under Agamemnon.* Anius, son of Apollo and Rhoeo, king of Delos and

priest of Apollo, asked the Greeks to stay for nine years in

Delos." Delos.^ Which said that Troy would not be taken till the tenth

year.

542

ALEXANDRA

So their spear shall god lull to rest for us, granting

us a brief remedy in our woe. But a cloud of others <^

unapproachable in their might shall he rouse—whoserage not even the son ^ of Rhoeo shall lull nor sta^,

though he bid them abide for the space of nine years

in his island/ persuaded by his oracles,*^ and thoughhe promise that his three daughters*' shall give

blameless sustenance to all who stay and roam the

Cynthian hill beside Inopus/ drinking the Egyptianwaters of Triton. These daughters lusty Problastus*

taught to be skilled in contriving milled food and to

make wine and fatty oil— even the dove grand-

daughters of Zarax,'* skilled to turn things into wine.

These shall heal the great and wasting hunger of the

host of alien hounds,* coming one day to the graveof Sithon's daughter.-?

These things the Ancient Maidens^ whirl onwith rushing thread of brazen spindles. But Cepheus ^

and Praxandrus/" not princes of a naval host but a

nameless brood, fifth and fourth shall come to the

land ^ of the goddess ^ queen of Golgi ; whereof the

one shall lead a Laconian troop from Therapna ; the

other from Olenos and Dyme shall lead his host of

the men of Bura.

* Oeno, Spermo, Elais, who had the gift of producingwine, corn, and oil at will. Collectively called Oenotropi.

^ River in Delos fabled to have a connexion with the Nile.

' Dionysus.^ First husband of Rhoeo and so step-father of Anius.* The Greeks at Troy, suifering from hunger, sent

Palamedes to fetch the Oenotropi buried at Rhoeteum in

the Troad.' Rhoeteia, daughter of Sithon, King of Thrace.* The Moirai or Fates. ' From Achaia."* From Therapnae in Laconia.*» Cyprus. " Aphrodite.

54>S

LYCOPHRON

*0 S' *ApyvpL7T7Ta AavvLOJV 7TayK\7]piav

Trap* AvorovLrrjv OuAa/xov Sco/xTjcrerat, 695

TTLKpav iraipcxiv iTrrepajfjievrjv ISojv

oloiVOfJLiKTov ixolpaVy ot OaXaGGiav

Blatrav alveaovai, iropKecov Slkyjv,

KVKVOiaiv IvSaXdevreg evyXijvoLS Sofji'qv.

pdjJLêGcn S' dypaxraovres iXXoncov dopovs 600

<f)epa)VViJLOv vrjortSa vduaovrai TrpofjLov,

dearpofjLopcfxx) rrpos kXlt€l yecoXocfxp

dyvL07rXa<7Ti]Gavres ifnreSoLS rofxals

TTVKvds KaXlds» ZaTJOoV iKflLflOVfJieVOL.

ofiov S' is dypav KaTTL KoiTaiav vdirriv 605

vvKTCOp areXovvrai, Trdvra <f>€vyovr€s pporwvKdppavov oxXoVy iv Se ypaiKirais TreirXois

koXttcdv lavdfiovg rjddSas Stji^/xevot,

/cat Kptfiva %€t/t)cDv KairSopTTiov Tpv(f>os

fid^r]9 crTrdorovraiy irpoGîXks Kvvtôvjxevoiy 610

ttJ? TTplv SiaiTTjs rXriixoves fjL€fjLV7]fjbevoL.

TpoL^r^vlas Se rpavfjua (f>OLTdSos 7rXdv7]s

€<7Tat KaKcov T€ TrrjfJLdrcQV TrapairioVy

orav dpacreta Oovpds olurprjGy) kvcuv

TTpos XeKTpa. rvfJLpos 8' avrov eKcrwaei fxopov 615

*07rXocrfJLias, aâyalaiv 7]VTp€7TLap,€Vov

.

KoXoGGo^dixojv S* iv irrvxoXiJLV Avcrovcuv

« Diomedes, son of Tydeus of Aetolia. Returning to

Argos he found his wife in adultery with Cometes. Heescaped their machinations by taking refuge at the altar ofHera. He then left Argos and came to Daunia in Italy.

Daunus, the king of the country being engaged in war,

Diomedes helped him. Winning the war, Daunus proposedto give him either the booty or the land. Alaenus, beingmade arbiter, awarded the land to Daunus, the booty to

Diomede, who in anger cursed the land that it should never

544

ALEXANDRA

Another* shall found Argyrippa,^ a Daunianestate beside Ausonian Phylamus/ seeing the bitter

fate of his comrades turned to winged birds, who^shall accept a sea life, after the manner of fishermen,

like in form to bright-eyed swans. Seizing in their

bills the spawn of fishes they shall dwell in anisland * which bears their leader's name, on a theatre-

shaped rising ground, building in rows their close-set

nests with firm bits of wood, after the manner of

Zethus/ And together they shall betake them to

the chase and by night to rest in the dell, avoiding

all the alien crowd of men, but in folds of Grecianrobes seeking their accustomed resting - place

they shall eat crumbs from the hand and fragmentsof cake from the table, murmuring pleasantly,

remembering, hapless ones, their former way of life/

His wounding of the Lady^ of Troezen shall bepart cause of his wild wandering and of his evil

sufferings when a wild lustful bitch * shall be frenzied

for adulterous bed. But the altar-tomb of Hoplosmia^shall save him from doom, when already prepared

for slaughter. And in the glen of Ausonia * he shall

be fruitful save for one of Aetolian blood. He erectedpillars throughout Daunia to signify that the land belongedto him. After his death Daunus caused them to be throwninto the sea but they miraculously returned to their place.

* Arpi (Strabo 283).* Unknown river in Italy.<* For the story cf. Ovid, M. xiv. 498 fF. ; Verg. A, xi.

271 ff. ; Strabo 284.« Insulae Diomedeae.f With his brother Amphion he built the walls of Thebes.3 Antonin. Lib. 37; Aelian, H.A. i. 1; Plin. N.H. x.

127 ; Aristot. M. 80.^ Aphrodite, Horn. II. v. 335 fF.

* Aegialeia, daughter of Adrastus, wife of Diomedes.i Hera. * Italy.

2n 545

LYCOPHRON

crradcls epeiaei KwXa ;)(€/)/xa8ct>v eVt

Tov reixoTTOLOV yaTreScov 'A/xotjSecos",

Tov epfjLarlrrjv vrjos e/cj8aAcov nerpov.

Kpiaei 8' 'AAatVou rod Kaaiyvqrov crâActS'

€vxo.9 dpovpais dfJL(l)* irrjrvfJLOVs jSaAct, 620

Arôvs dveXvai fjbrJTTor^ ofjUTTViOV ardxvv,

yvas TiOaLpojaaovTOS dpSrjBfia) Atos,

7jv iJLTj TLs avTOV plâv AItojXcjv (TTrdaas

X€paov Xax'^vj), povalv avXaKas repLcov.

arriXaLS S' dKivqroiaLV oxP'daei TreSov, 625

as* ourts" dvSpcjv c/c jSta? Kavx'riGerai

pLeroxXiGas oXlôv. rj yap dTrrepcog

avral TraXipLTTopevrov tôvrai ^daiv

dvSrjp* diritôis Lxy€aLV SarovpLevav,

deos Se TToXXoLS anrvs avSrjO'qaeTaL, 630

oaoL Trap* 'lous" ypajvov olKovvrai TriSov,

SpaKOvra rov ^deipama Oataxras" Kravcov.

Ot 8' dpL(f)LKXvGrovs ;\;ot/3aSas' TvpLVTâlas

aiGvpvohvrai KapKivoi TreTrXajKores

dxXaivov dpLTTpevcrovai vrjXiTTOi ^lov, 635

TpnrXaZs SlkcoXol£ G<j>€vh6vais wirXiGpiivoL.

Jjv at T€KOVoraL rrjv iKrjôXov rexvrjv

dSopTTa TTaiBevcrovGL vrjTrlovs yovdg.

ov ydp TLS avTCJV ifjLGerat TTVpvov yvdOo),

Trplv di^ Kparrjarj vaarov evaroxo^ Xidco g^QVTT€p Tpd<j>r]KOS GTJpia K€LpL€VOV (JKOTTOV

.

* Stones from walls of Troy used by Diomedes as ballastfor his ships.

!*• Poseidon, who built the walls of Troy.

i" Alaenus, half-brother of Diomedes.•* Demeter.^ Reference to the Dasii, according to Holzinger, cf, SiL

Ital. Pnn. xiii. 39, etc.

546

^F stai

ALEXANDRA

stand like a colossus resting his feet on the boulders,<»

the foundations of Amoebeus,^ the builder of thewalls, when he has east out of his ship the ballast

stones. And, disappointed by the judgement of his

brother Alaenus,*' he shall cast an effectual curse

upon the fields, that they may never send up theopulent corn-ear of Deo/ when Zeus with his rain

nurtures the soil, save only if one ^ who draws his

blood from his own Aetolian stock shall till the land,

cleaving the furrows with team of oxen. And withpillars not to be moved he shall hold fast the land

:

pillars which no man shall boast to have movedeven a little by his might. For as on wings theyshall come back again, traversing with trackless

steps the terraces. And a high god shall he becalled by many, even by those who dwell by thecavernous plain ^ of lo, when he shall have slain

the dragon that harried the Phaeacians.^ -'

And others ^ shall sail to the sea-washedGymnesian* rocks—crab-like, clad in skins—wherecloakless and unshod they shall drag out their lives,

armed with three two-membered slings.-? Theirmothers shall teach the far-shooting art to their

young offspring by supperless discipline. For noneof them shall chew bread with his jaws, until withwell-aimed stone he shall have won the cake set as

•^ The Ionian sea.

3 Cercyraeans. The dragon is the Colchian dragon whichfoUowed Jason to Corcyra to recover the Golden Fleece.It was slain by Diomede.

^ Boeotians. ^ The Balearic Isles.i Diodor. v. 18 ; Strabo 168. The dwellers in the Balearic

Isles (or Gyranesiae) were famous slingers (hence popularderivation from /SdXXw—BaXiapels). They carried three slings,

one on head, one round neck, the third round waist.

547

LYCOPHRON

Kol Tol fJL€V d/cras" ifiPar'^crovTaL Xerrpas

îPrfpoôoKOvs oiyX'' ^CLpTr](JOV ttvXt]?,

"Apv-qs TToXaids yevva, TefipuiKajv iTpofjLOi,

Tpalav TToOovvres Kal Aeovrdpvrjs Trdyovs 645

YtKcbXov re Koi Teyvpav 'Oyx^crrou 9^ eSos

Kal x^^l^^ SepfJLcoSovTOs *Yipdpvov 6^ vScop.

Toijs S' dfji(f)L TiVpTLV Kal Ai^vaTiKOLS 77Aa/ca9

arevqv re TTOpdpLov crvvSpo/jLTjV TvpcrrjVLKOv

Kal pLi^6dr]pos vavTiXo(j)d6povs gkottol? 650

TrJ9 Trplv davovarjs e/c x^P^^ M.7]Kiar€OJS

rod (tt€p<I)07T€7tXov TiKaTTavecos BoaytSadpiTVioyovvcDV /cAco/xa/cas' r* d7]h6vcx}v

TrXayxêvras, (hfioaira SairaXajfidvovg,

TTpoTTavras "AiSrjs TravSoKeus dypevaerai, 655

AojjSatCTt TravToiaiGiv iairapaypievovs

t

€va (fydapevrojv dyyeXov Xlttwv îXcov

SeXcjiLVocnrjpiov /cAojTra ôlvIktjs deds.

OS oi/jerai fxev rov pLovoyXrjVov areyag

Xdpwvos, OLvrjs rep Kp€(x)(j)dycp gkvôv 660

X^P^f' TTporeivwv, rovirihopTnov ttotov.

CTToi/fcrat Se Xeti/javov roêvpudrwy

rod K.7]pafJLVVTOv UevKews UaXaLpôvog,

OL Trdvra dpavvâvres evropva GKd^r)

crXOLVCp KaKYjv TprjGOVGi Kearpeojv dyprjv, 665

aAAos" S' 677* dXXcp pôxdo? ddXios jJLevet,

rod Trpoadev alel ttXcXov eôyXiarepos

.

» Odysseus and his comrades.* Straits of Messana. " Scylla.<* Heracles at Macistus in Elis (Strabo 348). Spademan

in ref. to cleaning the Augean stables ; cattle^river in ref.

to the cattle of Geryon. ^ Sirens.' Odysseus, who had a dolphin for device upon his shield.

3 Athena, the Palladium. ^ Polyphemus,

548

ALEXANDRA

a mark above the board. These shall set foot on therough shores that feed the Iberians near the gate of

Tartessus—a race sprung from ancient Arne, chief-

tains of the Temmices, yearning for Graea and the*

cliffs of Leontarne and Scolus and Tegyra andOnchestus' seat and the flood of Thermodon and thewaters of Hypsarnus.

Others " shall wander beside Syrtis and the Libyanplains and the narrow meet of the Tyrrhenian Strait *

and the watching-place fatal to mariners of thehybrid monster " that formerly died by the hand of

Mecisteus/ the hide-clad Spademan, the Cattle-

driver, and the rocks of the harpy-limbed nightin-

gales/ There, devoured raw. Hades, mine host,

shall seize them all, torn with all manner of evil

entreatment; and he shall leave but one-'^ to tell of

his slaughtered friends, even the man of the dolphindevice, who stole the Phoenician goddess.^ He shall

see the dwelling of the one-eyed lion,'^ offering in

his hands to that flesh-eater the cup of the vine

as an after-supper draught.^ And he shall see

the remnant^' that was spared by the arrows of

Ceramyntes Peuceus Palaemon.* That remnant shall

break in pieces all the well-turned hulls and shall

with rushes pierce their evil spoil, as it were of

fishes.^ Unhappy labour after labour shall await

him, each more baleful than that which went before.

* Horn. Od. ix. 345 fF. ^ Laestrygones.* Heracles, who, when the Laestrygones attempted to

rob him of the cattle of Geryon, slew them all but a remnant.Ceramyntes = Alexicacos, Heracles as averter of evil

;

Peuceus, cult-name of Heraclejs in Iberia (schol.) or Abdera(E.M.) ; Palaemon i.e. Wrestler (TraAa/cii/ = to wrestle).

' The Laestrygones attacked the ships and the crews ofOdysseus, ixOds 8' ws irelpovres arepirea daTra (pipoPTo (Hom.Od. X. 124).

549

LYCOPHRON

TToia X.dpvpBLS ovxl SatWrat veKpcov;

TToia 8' *l^pLVVS [JLtÔTTOLpdeVOS KVCDV;

TVS ovK arihoiv arelpa lêvravpoKTOvos 670

*AtTa;AtS' ^ KovprJTLS aloXo) fxeXec

TTeiaei raKrjvai adpKas OLKfJL'qvovs ôpds!

TTolav 8e drjpoTrXaarov ovk co-oj/ferat

SpOLKauvav, iyKVKcoGav aA^tro; Opova,

/cat Krjpa KVWTrojxopôv ; ol Se BvafiopoL 675

arivovres dras iv GV<f)olai (jiop^dhes

yiyapra x^^^ avjjLfjLefjLiyixeva rpvyos

Koi GT€iJL<f>vXa ppvôvGLv. dXXd viv pXdprjs

fjLcoXvs GaojG€i pitâ /cat Ysjrdpos <f>av€L£

NcovaKpLdrrjs T/ot/ceâAo? âiSpos Oeos. 680

"Hêt S' ipefjLVov els dXi^TreBov Ôirthv

/cat veKpofxavriv TrepLTreXov St^Tôrerat

dvSpcjv yvvaiKcov etSora ^vvovGias,

ipvxoLlGL OepfjLOV alfxa TrpoGpdvas p69pcp,

/cat <f)aGydvov Trpo^Xyj/jLa, veprepois (f)6ôv, 685

TTijXas dKOVG€L Keldi 7T€fi<f)Lyojv orra

XeTTTTjv djjiavpds p,dGraKOS TrpoG^deypiaGLV.

"Odev TiydvTOJV vrJGOs rj puerd^pevov

OXdGaGa /cat Tv^covos dypiov Sepias

<l>Xoypicp êovGa Several pLovoGToXov, 690

ivfj

ttlOtJkojv ndXpLVS d^dircjv yevos

SvGpLOpÔV els K7]KaGp.6v (pKlGeV TOGOJV,

OL pLojXov (lipodvvav eKyovoLs K/oovou.

« Od. xii. 430 fF. * Scylla. " Siren.^ The Centaurs who escaped from Heracles were so

charmed by the song of the Sirens that they forgot to eatand so perished.

^ The Sirens were daughters of Acheloiis, a river whichdivides Aetolia from Arcarnania ; Curetid = Acarnanian(Strabo 462 f.).

550

ALEXANDRA

What Charybdis ^ shall not eat of his dead ? Whathalf-maiden Fury-hound ^ ? What barren nightin-

gale/ slayer of the Centaurs/ Aetolian or Curetid/shall not with her varied melody tempt them to

waste away through fasting from food ? What beast-

moulding dragoness/ shall he not behold, mixingdrugs with meal, and beast-shaped doom ? Andthey, hapless ones, bewailing their fate shall feed

in pigstyes, crunching grapestones mixed with grass

and oilcake. But him the drowsy root shall save

from harm and the coming of Ctaros,^' the Bright

Three-headed ^ god of Nonacris.*

And he shall come to the dark plain of the

departed and shall seek the ancient seer^ of the

dead, who knows the mating of men and women.^He shall pour in a trench ^ warm blood for the souls,

and, brandishing before him his sword to terrify the

dead, he shall there hear the thin voice of the ghosts,

uttered from shadowy lips.

Thereafter the island '" that crushed the back of

the Giants and the fierce form of Typhon, shall

receive him journeying alone : an island boiling withflame, wherein the king of the immortals established

an ugly race of apes, in mockery of all who raised

war against the sons of Cronus. And passing the

•'' Circe turned the comrades of Odysseus into swine, butOdysseus was saved by the magical plant fiQiXv given him byHermes {Od. x. 302 if.). ^ Hermes.

^ Suid. s.v. TpLKi(pa\o%, where it is explained as Cbairep

diddaKuv rds odoOs, i.e. Hermes as Guide, facing three waysat the cross roads. » In Arcadia. ' Teiresias.

* ApoUod. iii. 71 f. ; c/. Ovid, M. iii. 324 "Venus huic

erat utraque nota." ' Hom. Od. xi. 23 IF.

»" Pithecussa= Aenaria, under which the giant Typhoeushes buried and where the Cercopes were turned into apes byZeus to mock the giants (Ovid, M. xiv. 90).

551

LYCOPHRON

Batou 8' ajjLeLijjas rov Kvêpv^rov rdôvKal Kt/x/x€/3a)V eiravXa Kd-)(€povaiav 695

poxdoLCTL KVfjLalvovGav oiSfiaros x^^^^"Oaaav re /cat XiovTOs drpaTTOvs ôcjv

X<Jt>(JTas *OppLfiovs T ciXaos ovSacas Kôprjs,

IIuptÂeyes" re peZOpov, evda BvoparogT€LV€L TTpos aWpov Kpdra UoXvSeyjJLCJV X6<f)OSy 700

i$ ov ra rrdvra x^'^Xa Kal Trdaai pLvx^J^v

Trrjyal /car' Avgovltiv eXKOvrai xôva,Xlttojv 8e Arjdatojvos vifjrjXov /cAeras"

Xifxy-qv t "Aopvov dpL<j)LTopvojTY]V ^p6x/cat x^^H'^ Kco/cuToto Xa^pcudev gkoto), 706

^Tvyos KeXaLvrjs vacr/xdv, evda Tepfxievs

opKOipuoTOvs €T€V^€V dcfydiTOLS cSpa?,

Xoi^ds d(f)VOGO}v xP^^ÔLLg TreXXacs ydvos,

jxeXXajv Tlyavras /caTrt TtTTjvas" Trepdv

dT]G€t. Aaetpa /cat ^vvevve'frj Sdvos, 710

TTTJXrjKa KopGT] KLOvos TTpoadpfMOcas

.

KT€V€i Sc Kovpas TtjOvos TTatSos" Tpi,7rXds,

ot/xas" ixeXcpSov fjbrjrpos e/c/xe/xay/xcVas",

avTO/crdi'ots' pL<f>aLGLv i^ aKpas GKOTrfjs

TvpGTJVLKOV TTpOS KVfia SvTTTOVGaS 7TT€pols, 715

** Baiae was named from the steersman of Odysseus whoperished during the Italian wanderings of Odysseus (Strabo245, Steph. Byz. s.v. ; Sil. Ital. viii. 539).

* Od. xi. 14 fF. ; located near Cumae (Strabo 244)." The palus Acherusia near Cumae (Strabo 244).^ HiU in Italy (schol.).

« Heracles, who built a dam between the Lucrine Lakeand the sea (3trabo 245 ; Diodor. iv. 22).

' Persephone, her grove near Avernus (Strabo 245, cf.

Hom. Od. X. 509).a Pyriphlegethon (Strabo 244).

ALEXANDRA

tomb of Baius,** his steersman, and the dweUings of

the Cimmerians ^ and the Acherusian " waters swelling

with heaving surge and Ossa'^ and the cattle-path

built by the lion ^ and the grove of Obrimo/ the

Maiden who dwells beneath the earth, and the Fiery

Stream/ where the difficult Polydegmon'* hill

stretches its head to the sky ; from which hill's

depths draw all streams and all springs throughoutthe Ausonian land ; and leaving the high slope of

Lethaeon* and the lake Aomus^ rounded with a

noose and the waters of Cocytus *= wild and dark,

stream of black Styx, where Termieus^ made the

seat of oath-swearing *^'^ for the immortals, drawingthe water in golden basins for libation, when hewas about to go against the Giants and Titans—heshall offer up a gift to Daeira and her consort,"^

fastening his helmet to the head of a pillar. Andhe shall slay the triple daughters*' of Tethys' son,

who imitated the strains of their melodious

mother^: self-hurled? from the cliff's top they dive

with their wings into the Tyrrhenian sea, where the

^ A lofty mountain in Italy, from which they say flow all

the rivers in Italy (schol.) (Apennines ?).

i Hill in Italy (schol.).

^ Lacus Avernus near Cumae ; for its circular shape cf,

Strabo 244, Aristot. M. 102.* Branch of the Styx, Od, x. 514. ' Zeus."^ Hom. 11. XV. 37, etc. The gods swear by the Styx." Persephone and Pluto, to whom Odysseus dedicated his

helmet upon a pillar.

« Sirens, daughter of Achelous, son of Tethys. Herethree, while Hom. Od. xii. 52 and 167 uses the dual.

p Melpomene.9 The Sirens were doomed to die when anyone passed

their shores safely (Hygin. Fah. 125 and 141). WhenOdysseus did so, they threw themselves from the Sirenesrocks (Strabo 247) into the sea.

55S

LYCOPHRON

OTTOV Xivepyrjs KXojcris iXKvaei iriKpa,

TTjV /xev âXrjpov rvpais iKêppacriJievTjv

TXdvLS re peiBpois Several riyycov xôva'

ov GTJfjLa Bojfi'ijoravTes eyxoJpoL Koprjg

XoiâlaL KoX dvaOXoLGL liapdevoTrrjv ôajv 720

€T€La KvSavovcrtv olcjvov Oedv.

OLKrrjv §€ rrjv TrpovxovGav els 'EvtTrecos"

AevKOJGLa pLêlcta ttjv cttcow/xov

Tierpav ox'^cr^t' Sapov, evda Xd^pos ''I?

yelrojv 6^ 6 AdpLS iêpevyovrau nord. 725

Alyeia S' els Tepeivav eKvavadXcocreTai,

KXvSojva x^XXvcraovaa. ttjv Be vav^drai

KpoKaiGL rapxvcrovoriv ev TrapaKriaLS,

'Q.Kivdpov StVatcnv dyxi'Tepfiova.

Xovaei 8e GrjfjLa ôvKepws vaafjLoZs "Aprjs 730

opvidonaiSos tafjua <j>OLpd^(x)v ttotols.

TTpcorrj Se Kal ttot au^t avyyovojv dea

Kpaivojv aTTdarjs Moi/jottos vavapxlcLS

TrXcorrjpdL XapuTTahovxov evrvvel SpopLOU,

Xpyjcrp'OLS TndiJGaS' ov ttot av^rjaei Xeojs 735

NcaTToAtrcDv, ot Trap* dKXvarov oKeiras

opficDv Mlgtjvov aTV(j>Xa vdaoovTai kXlttj.

l^VKTas 8' ev doKw crvyKaraKXeiGas ôos

* Parthenope, washed ashore and buried at Naples,previously called Phalerum from its founder Phalerus (Steph.

Byz. S.V.). * Clanius, river near Naples." An athletic contest was annually held in her honour

(Strabo 246).'^ Another of the Sirens, cast ashore at Poseidonia=

Paestum. « Poseidon.^ Leucosia, small island near Paestum (Strabo 123, etc.).

•"' Rivers of Italy (schol.).'^ Ligeia, the third Siren, is cast ashore at Tereina in

Bruttium (Steph. Byz. s.v. T^peiva).

554

" bitter tl

ALEXANDRA

bitter thread spun by the Fates shall draw them.

One ^ of them washed ashore the tower of Phalerus

shall receive, and Glanis ^ wetting the earth with its

streams. There the inhabitants shall build a

tomb for the maiden and with libations and sacrifice

of oxen shall yearly honour <= the bird goddess

Parthenope. And Leucosia^^ shall be cast on the

jutting strand of Enipeus * and shall long haunt the

rock ^ that bears her name, where rapid Is andneighbouring Laris ^ pour forth their waters. AndLigeia^ shall come ashore at Tereina spitting out

the wave. And her shall sailormen bury on the

stony beach nigh to the eddies of Ocinarus ; and anox-horned Ares * shall lave her tomb with his streams,

cleansing with his waters the foundation of her whosechildren were turned into birds. And there oneday in honour of the first goddess of the sisterhood

shall the ruler ^ of all the navy of Mopsops array

for his mariners a torch-race,'^ in obedience to an

oracle, which one day the people of the Neapolitans

shall celebrate, even they who shall dwell on bluff

crags beside Misenum's ' sheltered haven untroubled

by the waves.

And he shall shut up the blustering winds '^ in

* Unknown.* Diotimus, an Athenian admiral, who came to Naples

and there in accordance with an oracle sacrificed to

Parthenope and established a torch-race in her honour(Timaeus ap. schol.). Thuc. i. 45 mentions an Athenianadmiral Diotimus who is presumably the person meant.Mopsops, an old king of Attica.

^ In honour of Parthenope in Naples.' Cape near Cumae, called after Misenus, a companion of

Odysseus (Strabo xxvi.)."> Odysseus receives from Aeolus the winds tied up in an

ox-skin, Od, x. 19 ff.

555

LYCOPHRON

TTaXivarpoPrjTOis TTrjfjLovaZs dXcofievos

Kepavvir) fxaariyL cru/xÂ€;^^7ycr€Tat 740

KavT]^, ipLVOv TTpoGKadrjfjLevos /cAaSo),

(x)s fXTj Karappo^T) viv iv poxôis kXvScjv,

Xapu^Stv €K^vaa)aav iXKvaas pvdcp.

jSatov Se T€p(f)d€ls TOLS 'ArAat'TtSo? ydfiOLS,

dvavX6)(7]Tov avTOKOL^SaXov GKd<f)OS 745

prjvai raXdaaeu /cat KV^^pvijaaL rdXasavrovpyorevKTOV pdpiv els fJLearjv rpoinv

€t/cata y6pi.<j)ois 7TpoGrerapyava}p,ivqv

.

'^S ola tvtOov 'A/x^tjSatos' eK^pdaasrrjs K7]pvXov bdfxapros dTTrrjva GTTopov 750

avTois fJLeaoSfjLais /cat gvv LKpioLs âXet

77/309 KV/xa BvTrrrjv c/XTreTrAey/xeVoj/ /caAot?.

TTOVTOV 8* dvTTVOS ivCTapOVfieVOS jJLVXOLS,

darip avvoLKOs Spr^Kias 'AvdrjSovos

earat. irap^ dXXov 8' aAAos", (hs 7r€VKr]s /cAaSov, 755pvKTr]s arpo^TjoeL êXXov ivdpcjaKOJV Trvoats".

/xoAts" Se Bvvrjs e/c TraXippolas KaKrjs

dpLTTV^ aacoaei aripva hehpvâypiivov

/cat x^Xpas CLKpas, als Kpeaypevrovs Trirpas

pudpTTTCov dXiPpojTOKJiv aLfjLax6i^(J€raL 760GTopdvy^L. vrjaov 8' els K/oovoj OTvyovpîvinv

"ApTTTjv TTepdaas, fteêcuv Kpeavopiov,

dxXaivos iKTTjs, TTrjfJLdrojv Xvypwv kottis,

Tov fjLvdoTrXdcTTrjv eî»Aa/CT7^cr€t yoov,

dpds rcTLKajs rod rv(j)XojBivTOs BdKovs. 755

« Horn. Od. xii. 432 fF.

'' Calypso, Horn. Od. vii. 245 fF.

» Raft of Odysseus, Horn. Od. v. 234 ff. '^ Poseidon.* Glaucus, son of Poseidon, was a fisherman from Anthedon

in Boeotia who became a god of the sea. Once a year hevisited all coasts and islands (schol. Plato, Bep, x. 611).

556

ALEXANDRA

the hide of an ox, and wandering in woes that ebband flow, he, the sea-gull, shall be burnt with thelash of the thunderbolt, clinging to the branch of

a wild fig-tree'* so that the wave which drawsspouting Charybdis to the deep may not swallowhim in the surge. And, after brief pleasure in

wedlock with the daughter ** of Atlas, he dares to

set foot in his offhand vessel ^ that never knew a

dockyard and to steer, poor wretch, the bark whichhis own hands made, vainly fastened with dowelsto the midst of the keel. Wherefrom Amphibaeus ^

shall toss him forth, as it were the tiny unfledgedbrood of the halcyon's bride, and cast him, with mid-beams and deck together, headlong as a diver into

the waves, entangled in the ropes, and sleepless,

swept in the secret places of the sea, he shall dwellwith the citizen * of Thracian Anthedon. And like a

branch of pine, blast after blast shall toss him as a

cork, leaping on him with their gusts. And hardly

shall the frontlet of Byne-^ save him from the evil

tide with torn breast and fingers wherewith he shall

clutch the flesh-hooking rocks and be stained withblood by the sea-bitten spikes. And crossing to

the island^ abhorred by Cronus—the isle of theSickle that severed his privy parts—he a cloakless

suppliant, babbling of awful sufferings, shall yelp

out his fictitious tale of woe, paying the curse of

the monster ^ whom he blinded. Ah ! not yet, not' Ino Leucothea, by whose veil Odysseus was saved

{Od. v. 334 if.).

^ Corcyra, under which was buried the sickle {Spetravri,

dpTTT)), with which Zeus mutilated Cronus, or Cronus mutil-ated Uranus (Hesiod, Th. 162, 179; Apoll. Rh. iv. 985 f.).

Hence its old name Drepane.* The Cyclops Polyphemus, who ciu-sed Odysseus (Od.

ix, 534).

557

LYCOPHRON

oviTCo /LtaA', OVTTOJ' [XTj toctoctS' vttvos Xdôi

X'qdrjs M-dXavdov iyKXidivB^ îTTTTrjyeTTjv.

'qicL yap, "qiei vavXoxov *Vei6pov OKiirag

Koi ^rjpLTOV TTpTjcovas. otperaL 8e Trdv

fxiXaBpov dpBrjv €k ^ddpajv dvdorrarov 770

jjlvkXols yvvaiKOKXoji/jLV. rj Se âaadpa(j€fJLv6js Kaacopevovcra KoiXaveZ Sofxovs,

doivaiuiv oXôv iKxâaa rXripLovos.

avTos Se TrXeLOJ rojv iirl Sfcatats" ttovovs

IBcbv fJLoXo^pos, TXrjGerai fxkv OLKerwv 775

arvyvds aTTeiXas evXo^cp vwrco (f)ip€iv

hivvoLS KoXaaSeis, rX'qGcrat Se /cat X^pdvTrXriyais vneLKeiv Kal ôXatdLV oarpdKcov.

ov yap îvai fidariyeSy dXXd SaifjiXrjs

CT<j)payls fJL€V€l QoavTos €V TrXevpais ert, 780

XvyoLGL TcrpavdeLGa, ra? o XvfJLewv

eTreyKoXdrrreLV darivaKTOs alveaei,

€KOVGLav GficoSiyya irpoGpidaawv SofMrj,

OTTCJs TTaXevaj] hvafxevels , KaraGKoirois

XwâLGC Kal KXavdfJLOicn (j)7]X(x)aas TTpofJLOv. 785

ov Bo/xjSuActas" KXiTvg rj Te/A/xt/cta

vijsiarov rjfitv Trrjfi ir€KV(x)orev Trore,

fjLovos TTpos oiKOvs vavrlXiov acodels rdXas,

XoIgOov he KavT]^ (Zcrre KVfJbdrojv Spofievs,

COS" Koyxos dXfjLTj TrdvToOev TTepLTpLêiSi 790

KTYJaiv T€ OoLvais YipcjvLcjv Xa^varrlav

<* Poseidon. * In Ithaca." Penelope's suitors. /ai^/cXos= 6»'os, the ass being' the type

of lust (Pind. P. X. 36).** Penelope.« Od. xvii. 219, xviii. 26.f Od. xix. 66 ff. etc.i^ In order to enter Troy as a spy Odysseus got himself

558

ALEXANDRA

yet ! Let not such sleep of forgetfulness find

Melanthus/ the Lord of Horses, bending. Forhe shall come, he shall come to Rheitliron's *

sheltering haven and the cliffs of Neriton.^ Andhe shall behold all his house utterly overthrownfrom its foundations by lewd wife-stealers.^ Andthe vixen/ primly coquetting, will make emptyhis halls, pouring forth the poor wight's wealth in

banqueting. And he himself, poor parasite,^ shall

see trouble beyond what he endured at the Scaeangates ; he shall endure to bear with submissive backsullen threats from his own slaves^ and to bepunished with jeers ; shall endure, too, to submitto buffeting of fists and hurling of potsherds. Fornot alien stripes but the liberal seal of Thoas ^ shall

remain upon his sides, engraved with rods : stripes

which he, our destroyer, shall consent without a

murmur to have engraved upon him, putting the

voluntary weal upon his frame, that he may ensnare

the foemen, with spying wounds and with tears

deceiving our king.^ He whom of old the Temmi-cian* hill of Bombyleia^' bare to be our chiefest

bane—he alone of all his mariners, wretched one,

shall win safely home. And lastly, like a sea-gull

that roams the waves, worn all about by the salt

water even as a shell and finding his possessions

swallowed up in banqueting of the Pronians * by the

beaten and wounded by Thoas by way of disguise (7Z. Pare.Kinkel, p. 42). Cf. Homer, Odyssey, iv. 244 ff.

^ Priam.* Boeotian : according to one legend Odysseus was born

in Boeotia (Muller, F.II.G. i. 426).^ Athena, inventor of flute (Pind. P. xii.), worshipped

under this name in Boeotia.* The wooers of Penelope ; Pronians = Cephallenians ; cf.

Upovvaioi, Thuc. ii. 30.

559

LYCOPHRON

TTpos rrjs AaKaLvrj9 alvoâKx^vrov klxcov,

crv(l>ap daveXrai ttovtlov (f)V'yajv OKiiras

Kopa^ avv ottXols NrjpLrojv hpvpiwv iriXas.

KT€V€i Se T-vtpas TrXevpa Xoiyios arovv^ 79gK€vrp(p SvaaXdrjS eAAoTTOS" TiapBcovLKrj^.

KeXojp Se irarpos aprapbos KX-rjOijcTeTaL,

'A;(tAAea)S' hapuapros avraviifjios

.

pâvTiv Se V€Kp6v Eupurav ureifjei Aecb?

o T oIttv vaLoiv TpapLTTvas eSeÂtov, gQQiv

fj7TOT avdis 'YipaKXrj (fidiaei SpaKwv

Tvp,<j)alos iv doivaiGiv AWlkojv TTpopioSy

TOV AlaKOV T€ KOLTTO UcpadcOS GTTOpds

/cat TrjpLevelojv ovk aTTCodev alpLarcov,

Hepyif] Se puLV Oavovra, Tvparjvcov 6p09, §05iv Voprvvaia Biêrat Tre^XeypbivoVy

orav Grevdt,(x)v icfjpas iKTJvevarr) îov

TratSo? T€ /cat Sapbapro^y tjv Krelvas ttogls

avTos TTpos "AlStjv Sevrepav oSov Trepdy

G(f)ayais dSeXcfyrjg r^XoKiGpiivos Siprjv,gjQ

TXavKO)vo9 ÂifjvpTOLO r avravet/jlas.

Xct) pL€V roGOVTOJV Blva TrrjpLdrcov lSojv

d(JTp€7TTOV "AlStjv BvG€raL TO SevTepov,

yaXrjvov rjpLap oviror* iv ^cofj SpaKcov.

<L cr;i^€TAt', COS" cot KpetGcrov -^v pbipLveiv Trdrpa g^gpOTjXarovvTa /cat rov ipydrrjv plvkXov

* Penelope, as daughter of Icarius, brother of Tyndareus.^ Spear of Telegonus tipped with spine of thornback." Telegonus, son of Odysseus and Circe.^ AchUles in Elysium (Simonid. fr. 213, Ibyc. fr. 37) has

to wife Medeia, daughter of Aeetes, brother of Circe.* Polyperchon, king of the Epeirotes, murdered in

309 B.C. Heracles, son of Alexander the Great and Barsine(Paus. ix. 7. 2).

' Odysseus. c Unknown hill in Etruria.

560

ALEXANDRA

Laconian lady ^ of fatal frenzy, ancient as a crow heshall flee with his weapons the shelter of the sea

and in wrinkled age die beside the woods of Neriton.

The deadly spike,^ hard to heal, of the Sardinian

fish shall wound his sides with its sting and kill

him ; and his son " shall be called the butcher of

his father, that son who shall be the own cousin of

the bride ^ of Achilles. And in death he shall begarlanded as a seer by the Eurytanian folk and bythe dweller in the steep abode of Trampya, whereinone day hereafter the Tymphaean dragon/ even the

king of the Aethices, shall at a feast destroy

Heracles sprung from the seed of Aeacus and Perseus' and no stranger to the blood of Temenus.

When he / is dead, Perge,^' hill of the Tyrrhenians,

shall receive his ashes in the land of Gortyn ^; when,

as he breathes out his life, he shall bewail the fate

of his son ^ and his wife,-?" whom her husband * shall

slay and himself next pass to Hades, his throat cut

by the hands of his sister, the own cousin of Glauconand Apsyrtus.^

And having seen such a heap of woes he shall godown a second"* time to unturning Hades, having

never beheld a day of calm in all his life. Owretched one ! how much better had it been for

thee to remain in thy homeland driving oxen, and

^ Cortona in Etruria, where Odysseus was said to beburied.

' Telemachus. ^ Circe.^ Telemachus, who married Circe and killed her, and

was himself killed by Cassiphone, daughter of Odysseus andCirce, and thus half-sister of Telemachus.

' Aeetes, Pasiphae, Circe, are children of Helios, and thus

Apsyrtus, son of Aeetes, Glaucon (Glaucus), son of Pasiphae,

.

Cassiphone, daughter of Circe, are cousins.^ He had gone to Hades before as a living man.

2o 561

LYCOPHRON

Kavdojv* VTTO êvyXaLGL fxeacraôvv €TI

TrXaoraiai Xvararjs ixrix^vals olarprjfjLGVOv

rj rr]X(,K6jvS€ irelpav orXrjaaL KaKcov.*0 8' alvoXcKTpov dpTTayelo-av evverrjs 820

TrXdriv fiarevajv, kXtjSovcov TreTTvapiivos,

TTodcjv 8e ^dapLa rrrrjvov eh aWpav (j)V'y6v,

7TOLOVS 9aXd(Jcrr)s ovk ipevvijaci pLvxovs;

TToiav he X'^P^^^ ovac dvixiêvcrei. puoXcjv;

eTTOifjerai puev Trpcbra Tv<f)a)vos OKOTrds, 826

Koi TTepLireXov ypavv pLappLapovpbev7]v Se/xa?,

/cat ras" ^^pepL^cjv vav^drais rjxOyjP'^vas

TTpo^Xrjrag d/craj. oiperai he rXrjpiovos

Mvppas epvpuvov darVy rrjs pôyoaroKOVs

(hhlvas eêXvae BevSpcLSrjg KXdSos, 830

/cat TOP dea KXavadevra Tavavros rdôvSôtVT^St pLOV(j6(f)6aprov ^Kpevra êvr],

KpavTTJpL XevKO) Tov 7TOT eKTOve TTreXas.

eTTOi/jerai 8e rvpaias Kr)(j)7]LSas

/cat Aa^piov XaKTLcrpLad* ^^ppLalov ttoSo? 835

Stcrcrds' re nerpas, Kerrcfyos at? TTpoci'qXaTO

Satros" ;âTt^cov. dvrl OrjXelas 8' e^r]

TOV ;^/)i;(707raTpov piopcfyvov dpirdaas yvdOois,

•* Odysseus, feigning madness to avoid going to Troy{Od. ii. 170, xxiv. 115), yoked to his plough an ox and an ass

(schol.) or a horse and an ox (Hygin. Fao. 93).^ Menelaus ; for his wanderings in search of Helen cf.

Od. iv. 81 ff.

« Helen. '^ Cf. 112 ff., 131. « Cilicia.

' Cyprus. When Aphrodite hid from the gods on MountCasion in Cyprus, her hiding-place was revealed by an oldwoman, whom for her treachery Aphrodite turned into stone.

fi' Aethiopians or Arabians.^ Byblus in Phoenicia. Myrrha, before the birth of

Adonis, was turned into a tree (myrrh) by Aphrodite(Apollod. iii. 184, Anton. Lib. 34).

562

ALEXANDRA

to harness still the working stallion ass to the yoke,

frenzied with feigned pretence of madness,* than to

suffer the experience of such woes !

And he ^ again—^^the husband seeking for his

fatal bride " snatched from him, having heard rumours,

and yearning for the winged phantom ^ that fled to

the sky,—what secret places of the sea shall he notexplore ? What dry land shall he not come andsearch ? First he shall visit the watching-place of

Typhon,* and the old hag turned to stone,-^ and the

jutting shores of the Erembi,^' abhorred by mariners.

And he shall see the strong city of unhappy Myrrha,^who was delivered of the pangs of child-birth by abranching tree ; and the tomb of Gauas * whosedeath the Muses wrought—wept by the goddess ^ of

the Rushes,^* Arenta, the Stranger ^ : Gauas whomthe wild boar slew with white tusk. And he shall

visit the towers^ of Cepheus and the place ''^ that

was kicked by the foot of Hermes Laphrios, andthe two rocks on which the petrel leapt in quest

of food, but carried off in his jaws, instead of a

woman,'' the eagle son ^ of the golden Sire—a male

* Adonis, son of Mvrrha, killed by a boar (Apollod. iii.

183), to hunt which he had been incited by the Muses' praiseof hunting (schol.). ' Aphrodite.

* Name of Aphrodite in Samos.' Aphrodite in Memphis (Herod, ii. 112).'"^ Aethiopia, cf. Arat. 183." In Aethiopia was a place 'E/j/aoO wripvi] where the foot

of Hermes, who was here watching lo, caused a spring toburst forth.

° Andromeda, exposed to the sea-monster Cetus (petrel

here, in Lycophron's manner),p Perseus, son of Zeus and Danae, whom Zeus visited in

a golden shower, rescued Andromeda. He allowed himselfto be swallowed by the beast, whose inwards he then cut to

pieces with a sickle.

563

LYCOPHRON

Tov rjTrarovpyov apaev* dpPvXoTrrepov.

Trec/yTJaeraL Se rod OepLdrrjpos ^vpat 840

(fxiXaiva Svgjjllgtjtos eftvco/xeVry,

LTTTTo^porovs (LStvas otâvTos tokcov.

rrjg SeipoTTatSog fiapfjuapcLTTiSos yaXrjs'

OS t^cpoTrXaariov dvSpas i^ aKpov ttoSo?

dyaXpLarwuas djxcjyeXvrpccxjei TreV/oo), 845

XafjL7TTr]poKX€7rT7]s TpnrXavovs TTohiqyias.

ÊiTToi/jerai Se rous" depenrorovs yvasKoi peidpov Âor^varao kol ;!â/>t€Uj/aSaj

€VvdSy SvGoSfJLOLS drjp<jl avyKOLfJLCL)fJL€VOS.

/cat ndvra rX'âeO^ ovv€k Alyvas kvvos 850

TTJ? drjXvvaiSos Kal rpidvopos Kopr^s.

7]^6L 8' dX'^T7]s els ^laiTvycov arparov,

Kal Sojp^ dvdi/jet TrapOevo) TiKvXrjrpia

Ta/xacrortov Kparrjpa Kal ôdypiov

Kal rds SdfiapTos duKepas evpudpiScLs.

riêi 8e St/otv /cat AaKiviov fivxovSy

ev otcTt TToprLS opxarov revêi dea

'OTrAocr/xta cf)VTOLcnv i^rjGKrjfxevov.

yvvat^l 8' ccrrat redfios iy-)((x)pois act

rrevdeZv rov elvaTrrjxw Ata/cou rpirov ggQ

« Perseus cuts off the head of Medusa; from the bloodspring the horse Pegasus and the man Chrysaor,

^ Medusa, calleda weasel because weasels were supposed to

give birth through the neck (Ant. Lib. xxix. ; Ovid, M. ix. 323)." Perseus with the Gorgon's head turned Polydectes, king

of Seriphos, and his people to stone (Pind. P. x. 48, xii. 14).

^ The daughters of Phorcys, the Graeae, had but one eyein common (Aesch. P. V. 795), which Perseus stolebut restored

when they consented to guide him to the Nymphs, who gavehim winged shoes, a wallet, and the cap of invisibility.

« Egypt. / The Nile.

3 i.e. seals ; Homer, Odyssey iv. 351 fF.

^ Helen. Aegyan = Laconi'an, c/. Steph. Byz. s.v. Myvs.

564

ALEXANDRA

with winged sandals who destroyed his liver. Bythe harvester's blade shall be slain the hateful whaledismembered : the harvester * who delivered of herpains in birth of horse and man the stony-eyed

weasel* whose children sprang from her neck.

Fashioning men as statues from top to toe he shall

envelop them in stone ^—he that stole the lamp of

his three wandering guides. ^

And he shall visit the fields* which drink in

summer and the stream of Asbystes^ and the couchon the ground where he shall sleep among evil-

smelling beasts.^ And all shall he endure for the

sake of the Aegyan bitch*/ her of the three husbands/who bare only female children.^ And he shall comeas a wanderer to the folk of the lapyges ^ and offer

gifts to the Maiden of the Spoils/ even the mixing-bowl from Tamassus '"^ and the shield of oxhide andthe fur-lined shoes of his wife. And he shall cometo Siris" and the recesses of Lacinium/ wherein a

heifer^ shall fashion an orchard for the goddessHoplosmia/ furnished with trees. And it shall befor all time an ordinance for the women of the land

to mourn * the nine-cubit hero/ third in descent

^ Menelaus, Paris, Deiphobus.^ Iphigeneia and Hermione. * In S.E. Italy.' Athena 'AyeXeLrj (Horn.). The reference is to Castrwm

Minervae, south of Hydruntum ; cf. Strabo 281.^ In Cyprus, famous for metal-work (Strabo 255 and 684).« On the Gulf of Tarentum (Strabo 264).<> Cape near Croton with temple of Hera Lacinia (Steph.

Byz. s.v. AaKivtov, Livy xxiv. 3).

P Thetis, who dedicated Lacinium to Hera (Serv. on Aen.iii. 552). 1 Hera in Elis (schol,).

» The women of Croton mourn for Achilles and wear nogay dress.

* Achilles, son of Peleus, son of Aeacus and of Thetis,

daughter of Doris ;" nine-cubit " i.e. of heroic stature.

565

LYCOPHRON

Kal Aco/otSos*, TTprjarrjpa Satov fidxrjs,

Kol fjL'^re XP^^^ (jyaihpa KaXXvveiv pedrj,

fXTJO* dppo7T'i]VOVS a/x<^tjSaAA€crât TriirXovs

KdX)(rj ôpVKTOvSy ovv€K€V Ocd Oeog

X^pcrov jJLeyav crropOvyya Scope trat Acrtcjat. 865

rjiei 8e ravpov yvfjLvdSas KaKoêvovs

TTaXr^s Koviorpas, 6v re KcuAcDrts" re/cvot,

ÂXevria KpeLovaa Aoyyovpov pLVXiJ^v>

"ApTTTjs Kpovou TTT^Siy/xa Koy;^€tas' 6^ vScop

Kapupas, Tovovadv r' rjSe HuKavajv TrXdKas, 870

Kal drjpoxXatvov gtjkov (hpLrjarov Xvkov,

ov Kpyjdeajs dfivafios opfiLsrag UKd(j)OS

eSetfJLe Trevn^Kovra ovv vavqyerais.

KpoKai Se MtvvcDv evXnrrj o-reAytcr/xara

Trjpovaiv, dX/xr^g ovSe ôtâjet kXvSojv 875

ovB* op^^pia aprjxovaa hiqvaiov vi^ds.

''AXXovs Se dives ot re Tavxîpcov Tre'Aa?

fxvpp^rjKcS aldôvGiv eKê^paapiivovs

epr]pov etV "ArXavros olKTjrripiov

OpvXiypdrwv hiprpoiai irpocjoearipoTas' 880

Moipov Tiraipajveiov evOa vav^drai

davovra rapxvciavTO, rvpêlav 8' VTrep

Kpr]7TiB^ dv€GTn^X(x)aav 'Apycpov Sopos

KXaadev irerevpov, veprepcov KeipiTJXiov,

AvGLySa K.Lvv<l)€ios fjreyycjv poos 885

<* Thetis to Hera.^ Lacinium." Eryx, son of Butes and Aphrodite, who compelled

strangers to wrestle with him till he was slain by Heracles.At Mount Eryx in Sicily was a temple of Aphrodite Erycinia.

^ Aphrodite in Cyprus (schol.).^ Aphrodite in Colophon (schol.).' Unknown. 2/ Drepanum in Sicily.

566

ALEXANDRA

from Aeacus and Doris, the hurricane of battle

strife, and not to deck their radiant Umbs withgold, nor array them in fine-spmi robes stained

with purple—because a goddess" to a goddess**

presents that great spur ^ of land to be her dwelling-

place. And he shall come to the inhospitable

wrestling-arena of the bull '^ whom Colotis ^ bare,

even Alentia,^ Queen of the recesses of Longuros,^

rounding the Cronos' Sickle's leap^ and the waterof Concheia,/ and Gonusa/ and the plains of the

Sicanians, and the shrine of the ravenous wolf '^ clad

in the skin of a wild beast, which the descendantof Cretheus, when he had brought his vessel to

anchor, built with his fifty mariners. And the

beach still preserves the oily scrapings of the bodies

of the Minyans, nor does the wave of the brine cleanse

them, nor the long rubbing of the rainy shower.

And others * the shores and reefs near Taucheira ^

mourn, cast upon the desolate dwelUng-place *^ of

Atlas, grinning on the points of their wreckage :

where Mopsus ^ of Titaeron died and was buried

by the mariners, who set over his tomb's pedestal

a broken blade from the ship Argo, for a possession

of the dead,—where the Cinypheian stream ™ fattens

^ Heracles, with the lion's skin, to whom Jason, son ofAeson, son of Cretheus, built a temple in Aethalia (Elba),

where curiously coloured pebbles were supposed to get their

colour from the flesh-scrapings {aTroaT\eyyicrfj.aTa) of theArgonauts (Minyae) (Diodor. iv. 5Q, Strabo 224, Apoll. Rh.iv. 654, Arist. Mirah. 103).

* Guneus, Prothous, and Eurypylus wander to Libya.i Near Cyrene (Herod, iv. 171). * Libya.' Mopsus from Titaron in Thessaly was the seer of the

Argonauts. He was killed bv snake-bite in Libya (Apoll. Rh.iv. 1502).

'^ Cinyps (Herod, iv. 175).

567

LYCOPHRON

vaafJLOLS AtTratVet, to) Se J^rjpdojs yovco

TpLTCOvi KoXxls a>7Taa€V Sdvos yvvrj

XpvGip irXarvv Kparrjpa KeKporripiivov.

heiâvTL TrXojTrjv otpiov, ^ 8ta arevcov

fjLvpfjLCov ivijaei Tlcjivs ddpavarov aKd(j)OS. ggQ

VpaiKOVs §€ x^P^S TOVTOLKis Xaêlv Kpdrr]

OaXaaaoirais hiiJiOp(j)OS avSafet deos,

orav TTaXifJiTTovv Sajpov dypavXos Xcws"EAAt^v' opi^ji voG<j)ioas irdrpas Ai^vs.

evxds Se SeLjJLalvovres Âa^varaL Kreap 395KpvijjovG* d(f)avTOV iv x^^ôs veipols jjlvxols,

ivfj l^v(f>aiojv SvdpLopov arrparrjXdTTjV

vavrais cruveK^pdoovGL IBoppalai Trvoal,

rov T €AC YiaXavOpojv eKyovov Tevdprfiovos

,

*All(f)pVCrLOJV (JKTjTTTOVXOV ^VpVapTTLCOV, QQQKal Tov Bwdar-qv rov irerpcodivros XvkovaTTOLVoSopTTOV Kal TrdyOJV TvfJL<f)p7]GTLa)V.

Sv ol fX€v Alycovetav dOXioi irdrpav

7TodovvT€9, ol S' Êix^^^^f o^ ^^ Tirapov

Îpov re Kal Tprjx^va Kal IleppaL^LKrjv 995Tovvov ^dXavvdv t tJS' ÔXoaaovoiV yvasKal Kacrravatav, aKTepiarov iv Trirpais

alwva KiOKvaovuLv rjXoKLafjLevoL.

'" Between Taucheira and Cyrene.^ Son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, daughter of Nereus." Medeia.^ Triton guided the Argonauts out of Lake Tritonis, re-

ceiving from Jason a bronze tripod (here a mixing-bowl),which he placed in his temple, declaring that when adescendant of the Argonauts should recover the tripod, ahundred Greek cities would be founded near Lake Tritonis.

When the neighbouring tribes heard this, they hid thetripod (Herod, iv. 179 ; ApoU. Rh. iv. 529 ff., 1547 if. ; Diodor.iv. 56). « Steersman of the Argo (Apoll. Rh. i. 105).

' Triton, half-man, half-fish.

568

^K Ausis-di

ALEXANDRA

Ausigda* with its waters, and where to Triton,^

descendant of Nereus, the Colchian woman*' gaveas a gift the broad mixing-bowl '^ wrought of gold,

for that he showed them the navigable path wherebyTiphys * should guide through the narrow reefs his

ship undamaged. And the twy-formed god/ son of

the sea, declares that the Greeks shall obtain thesovereignty of the land^ when the pastoral peopleof Libya shall take from their fatherland and give

to a Hellene the home-returning gift. And theAsbystians, fearing his vows, shall hide the treasure

from sight in low depths of the earth, whereon theblasts of Boreas shall cast with his mariners thehapless leader '^ of the men of Cyphos and the son *

of Tenthredon from Palauthra,^ king of the Amphry-sians of Euryampus,* and the lord ^ of the Wolf^that devoured the atonement and was turned to

stone and of the crags of Tymphrestus.**^ Of whomsome, unhappy, yearning for their fatherland of

Aegoneia,^ others for Echinos," others for Titaros*^

and for Iros ^^ and for Trachis P and PerrhaebicGonnos*^ and Phalanna,^ and the fields of the

Olossonians," and Castanaia,? torn on the rocks shall

bewail their fate that lacks the rites of funeral.

^ Founding of Cyrene (Pind. P. iv.

)

^ Guneus from Cyphos in Perrhaebia {II. ii. 748).» Prothoiis, II. ii. 756. ^ In (Thessalian) Magnesia,* On the Amphrysus in Thessaly.' Eurypylus from Ormenion in Thessaly (il. ii. 734).*" When Peleus had collected a herd of cattle as an atone-

ment for the murder of Actor, son of Acastus (schol.) orEurytion (Ant. Lib. 38) or Phocus (Ovid, M. xi. 381), theherd was devoured by a wolf which Thetis turned into stone.

This stone is variously located in Thessaly or Phocis." In Thessaly. " In Malis.^ Near Mount Oeta. ? In Magnesia.

569

LYCOPHRON

*'AXXr]v 8' €7r' dXXr) Krjpa KLvrfaet BeoSi

Xvyprjv TTpo vocrrov ovfjL<ôpav Scopovpuevog. 910

Tov S' Aladpov re peldpa /cat ^paxvirroXi^

Olvcorpias yijs Keyxp^^V P^^pf^fi'^vov

"KpLfjLtcra cf)LTpov Several /xtatôvov*

auT?) yap aKpav dpSiv evdvvel ;^€potv

SaATTty^ oLTTOi/jaXXovGa MaicjTrjv ttXokov 915

Au/oa Trap' oxOais os irore <j)Xeâ£ Opaovv

Xeovra pai^co x^^P^^ coirXiGe ^kvOtj

SpaKOVT^ 6.(j)VKT(l>V yOfX(f)L(X)V XvpOKTUTTOJ,

YipdOis Se Tvpipovs oijjeraL SeSovTroros,

€vpd^ 'AAatou Uarapeojs dvaKropojv, 92oNavaidos evda Trpog kXvScdv* ipevyerai.

KrevovGL S' avTOV Avaoveg UeXXijvLOL

^07)BpofJLOVVTa AlvSlcxjv GTparrjXdraLS,

ovs rrjXe (depp^vSpov re KapTrddov r opcjv

7rXdvr]Tas aWcov SpacrKLag TTepîfsei kvcov, 925

BivrfV iiTOiKriaovras odveiav xôva.

iv 8' at; Ma/caAAots" crrjKov eyxo^poL pueyav

v7T€p rd^cov SelpLavres, alavrj deov

Xoiâiai Kvhavovai koL OvodXois ôcov.

« Philoctetes, son of Poeas from Magnesia, returns fromTroy to his home, but o-wing to a sedition went to S. Italy,

where he founded Chone, Petelia, and Crimisa (Strabo 254).* Near Croton (Strabo 262).^ Philoctetes having been bitten by a viper was left by

the Greeks in Lemnos, but as Troy could not be takenwithout the bow and arrows of Heracles which he had, theyafterwards brought him to Troy, where he killed Paris.

"^ Paris, in reference to Hecuba's dream,* Athena in Argos (Paus. ii. 21. 3), where was a temple of

Athena Salpinx, said to have been founded by Hegeleos,son of Tyrsenus, the reputed inventor of the trumpet.

f i.e. Scythian.

570

ALEXANDRA

One evil fate after another shall god arouse, pre-

senting them with grievous calamity in place of

return to their homes.Another ^ shall the streams of Aesarus ^ and the

little city of Crimisa in the Oenotrian land receive :

even the snake-bitten '^ slayer of the fire-brand ^; for

the Trumpet ^ herself shall with her hand guide his

arrow point, releasing the twanging Maeotian f bow-string. On the banks of Dyras ^ he burnt of old the

bold lion,^ and armed his hands with the crookedScythian dragon* that harped with unescapable

teeth. And Crathis ^ shall see his tomb when he is

dead, sideways from the shrine of Alaeus ^ of Patara,

where Nauaethus ^ belches seaward. The AusonianPellenians "* shall slay him when he aids the leaders

of the Lindians/*^ whom far from Thermydron^' andthe mountains of Carpathus^ the fierce houndThrascias? shall send wandering to dwell in a

strange and alien soil. But in Macalla/ again, the

people of the place shall build a great shrine abovehis grave and glorify him as an everlasting god with

libations and sacrifice of oxen.

3 River near Oeta where Heracles was cremated byPhiloctetes who inherited his bow and arrows.

* Heracles. * Heracles' bow.' River near Sybaris.* At Crimisa Philoctetes built a temple to Apollo Alaeus

{i.e. " of wandering "). Patara in Lycia had a famous templeof Apollo (Strabo 666).

' River near Croton where Trojan captive women burntthe Greek ships (Strabo 262).

'" Philoctetes died fighting for Rhodian settlers in Italy,

who had been carried thither by the N.N.W. wind, againstsettlers from Pellene in Achaea.

" Lindos in Rhodes. " Harbour of Lindos.^ Island between Rhodes and Crete.'i N.N.W. wind. '^ Town in Chonia.

571

LYCOPHRON

'0 8' iTTiTOTeKTCov Aayaplas iv dy/coAats', 930

eyxos TTe^piKws Kal <j)aXayya Oovpiav,

TTarpcpov opKov iKrivojv i/jevBcLpLorov,

ov dfjuc/il ixrjXoiv rcov SopLKTTJrow rdXasTTVpyojv KofjLai,dovs avpi7r€<f)vpixiv(x)v arparcp

GT€pyO^VV€VVO)P OVV€K€V VVpi(j>€VlldTO)V 935

'AAotTtv erXr] rrjv K.vSa)VLav SpaacjopKOJfJLorrjaaL rov re KprjGTwvr)^ deov

KavSaov' -q M.dfi€prov ottAltt^v Xvkov,

6 fJLTjTpog ivTog S€X<f)vos arvyvrjv fJidxr)V

urriaas dpayfiols Trpos KaGiyvy]Tov pê/jotv, 940

OV7TOJ TO TiTovs XafjLTTpov avydôji' (fydos

ovS^ iK<j)vya>v (hblvas dXyeivds tokcjv.

Toiyap TTOTTOL (f)v^rjXLV rjvSpcoaav OTropov,

TTVKT'qv fjuev iadXov, TrrcoKa 8* iv kXovo) So/oos",

/cat TrAetcTTa rexvcLf'S (h<f)€XrjGavTa crrparov 945

OS dfjL(l)L Kiptv Kal KvXicrrdvov^ ydvoseTTTjXvs oIkovs rrjXe vdaaerai rrdrpas,

rd 8' ipyaXeia, tolgl rirp'qvas operasreuêt ttot iyx^poioL fxep/jLepov pXdîqv,

Kadiepcoaet MvvSias dvaKropois. 950

"AAAot 8' ivoLK'qGOVGL HiKavcov ;\;^dva,

TrXayKTol fioXovres, evda AavfiiSajv TpnrXds

^ KykLCTavov Scheer from E.M. 544. 30 'Kv\iaT6.p{v)ov.

« Near Thurii in S. Italy, founded by Epeius (Strabo

263). * Epeius." In later epic Epeius is typical coward (Q. Smyrn. iv.

323; xii. 28, etc.). ^ Panopeus.« Panopeus went with Amphitryon against the Taphians

and Teleboans. Pterelaus, king of the former, had a lockof golden hair which made him invincible. Comaetho, his

daughter, fell in love with Amphitryon and cut off thelock. Amphitryon captured the city of Pterelaus and putto death Comaetho. Panopeus seized some of the spoils

572

ALEXANDRA

In the sheltering arms of Lagaria" shall dwellthe builder* of the horse. Afraid "" of the spear andthe impetuous phalanx, he pays for the false oath

of his father^ regarding the spear-won herds, whichwretched man, when the towers of Comaetho * wereconfounded by the army in the cause of loving

marriage, he dared to swear by Aloetis Cydonia Thraso,-^

and by the god ^ of Crestone,^ Candaon or Mamertus,warrior wolf. He * even within his mother's wombarrayed hateful battle against his brotherwith blows ofhis hands, while he lookednot yet on the bright light of

Tito, nor had yet escaped the grievous pains of birth.

And for his false oath the gods made his son growto be a coward man, a good boxer but a skulker in

the mellay of the spear. By his arts he most greatly

helped the host ; and by Ciris J and the bright waters

of Cylistanus he shall dwell as an alien, far from his

fatherland ; and the tools wherewith he shall bore

the image and fashion sad ruin for the people of mycountry, he shall consecrate in the shrine of Myndia.*

And others shall dwell in the land^ of the

Sicanians, wandering to the spot where Laomedon,"*

unjustly, but denied it on oath, swearing falsely by Athenaand Ares.

' Athena Aloetis, as avenger of sin ; Cydonia, cult-nameof Athena in Elis where she had a temple founded byClymenus from Cydonia in Crete ; Thraso (" Bold "), as

warlike goddess.fl' Ares. Here Candaon must be a title of Ares, but in

328 Hephaestus. ^ In Thrace.* P. fought with his brother Crisus in his mother's womb.^ =Aciris, river near Siris (Strabo 264), in Lucania.* Athena, from her cult at Myndus in Caria. ' In Sicily.m "WTien Phoenodamas refused to expose his daughters to

the sea-beast, Laomedon had to expose his own daughterHesione. In revenge he gave the daughters of Phoeno-damus to some merchants to expose in the far West.

573

LYCOPHRON

vavrais €S(x)K€ OotvoSa/xavro? Kopas,

rais K7)ToS6p7TOis aviJL(j)opats SeST^y/xeVos-,

TTjXov TTpodeivai drjporlv (hfJurjaraXs Popav 965

pLoXovras €t? yrjv ecnrepov Aaio-rpvyovcov,

OTTOV avvoLKet SatpiX'^s ipr]p.La.

at 8' av TTaXaiorrov pLTjTepos TjTjpvvOLas

GTjKov piiyav Set/xavro, Scotlvtjv Oea,

fjLopov <f)vyovcraL Kal fXovocK'qTOVs eSpas, 960

ojv Srj fjLiav Kpt/xtcros", IvSaXdels kwl,

€êv^€ XeKTpoLS TTora/xos" rj Se Sat/xoi^t

TO) drjpopiLKTq) GKvXaKa yevvalov reKVol,

rpiGcraJv avvoiKLarrjpa /cat KriaTqv tottcov.

OS St) TToSrjycov TrropBov Âyxlcrov vodov 965

afet TptSetpov vrJGOV ets" X7]Kr7]pLav,

Tojv âpSav€io)v €K tottojv vava9Xovfi€vov,

Alyicrra rXrjpLov, aol Se BaipLovcJV ^paSaZs

irivdos fJLeyLGTOv /cat St' al(xJvos irdrpas

ecrraL TTVpos pnTolaiv '^daXcoixevTjs

.

970

pLOVT] Se TTvpycov Svarvx^ts /carac/caâ?

vi]7TavGT0V aldôvaa /cat yocopievT]

Sapov aT€vd^€LS. ttoLs Se Xvyatav Xecbs

ladrjra TTpocrrpOTraLOv iyxXaivovp,€VO£

avxP'Cp vLVwSrjs Xvirpov dpLirpevaei. fiiov. 975

Kparos S' CLKOvpog vcbra KaXXvveX (fyoprj,

[xvT^p^rjv TraAatcDv rrjfjLeXovcT^ oBvpfJLarcjv.

UoXXoL 8e St/)tv a/x^t /cat Aevrapvtav

<* Aphrodite, as in 4-49 ; but in 1178 Hecate.«• Eryx ; see 866 f.

" Aegesta. A dog, representing Crimisus, appears oncoins of (S)egesta (Sestri) (Head, Hist. Num. p. 164 f,).

574

ALEXANDRA

stung by the ravages of the gluttonous sea-monster,

gave to mariners to expose the three daughters of

Phoenodamas that they should be devoured byravenous wild beasts, there far off where they cameto the land of the Laestrygonians in the West,where dwells always abundant desolation. Andthose daughters in their turn built a great shrine for

the Zerynthian * mother of the wrestler,* as a gift to

the goddess, for as much as they had escaped fromdoom and lonely dwelling. Of these one '^ the river

Crimisus, in the likeness of a dog, took to be his

bride : and she to the half-beast god bears a noble

whelp,^ settler and founder of three places.* Thatwhelp shall guide the bastard ^ scion of Anchisesand bring him to the farthest bounds of the three-

necked island,^ voyaging from Dardanian places.

Hapless Aegesta ! to thee by devising of the godsthere shall be most great and age-long sorrow for mycountry when it is consumed by the breath of fire.

And thou alone shalt groan for long, bewailing andlamenting unceasingly the unhappy overthrow of

her towers. And all thy people, clad in the sable

garb of the suppliant, squalid and unkempt, shall

drag out a sorrowful life, and the unshorn hair of

their heads shall deck their backs, keeping the

memory of ancient woes.^

And many shall dwell by Siris ' and Leutarnia's ^

'^ Aegestes.« Aegesta, Eryx, Entella.f Elymus, eponym of the Elymi.9 Sicily.^ The native garb of the people of Segesta is interpreted

as^mourning for Troy ; cf. 863, 1137.* In Lucania.^ Coast of Calabria.

575

LYCOPHRON

dpovpav OLKrjaoviJLV , evda Sva/xopos

}^dXxci9 oXvvdojv lLiGV<j)€VS avr]p[djx(x)v 980

Kelraiy Kapa jxaariyL yoyyvXr) rvirels,

peidpoLcriv wkvs evOa fivperai StVt?,

dphcov âOetav Xcovtas" TrayKXrjpLav.

ttoXlv 8* opLoiav 'lAtoi SvaSaipLoves

Seifjuavres, dXyvvovcn Aa(f)pLav K6p7]v 985

SaATTtyya, SrjwaavTes iv vaa) Sects'

Tovs TTpoad^ eSeOXov "EovOiSas cpKTjKoras.

yXijvaLS S' dyaXfjLa raZs dvaLfJidroLg /xvcrct,

GTvyvTjv 'A;)âtcDv et? 'laova? ^Xd^rjv

XevGoov <j)6vov T €fJi<l)vXov dypavXojv Xvkojv, 990orav Oavojv Xi^rapxos Ipeias GKvXa^rrpcoTog KeXaivco âjfiov alfxd^rj ^porcp.

"AXXoi Se TTpojvas Svcr^drovs TvXr]aLOV£

Aivov d* dXiGp,'t]KroLO Seupaiav dKpav

ÂfjLaôvos avyKXrjpov dpaovrai TreSov, 995hovXit]s yvvaiKos têvyXav ivSeSeypLevoi,,

rjv ;âA/co/xtTpou Orjacrav orprjpfjg Koprjs

TrXavrJTLV dêi KVjxa TTpos $evr]v xôva.

rjg iKTTveovcrrjg Xoladov 6^BaXp,6s rvrrels

TTldr^KOlXOp^Cp TTOTjJLOV AtTCoAo) (f)66pCp 1000

T€v^€i rpdcfyrjKL (fioiVLCp rerjJLrjpêva).

<» In connexion with Heracles and his carrying off ofthe oxen of Geryon, legend told that Heracles, seeing aseer (here called Calchas) sitting under a fig-tree, asked himhow many figs were on the tree. "Ten bushels and onefig," said the seer. When Heracles vainly tried to put theodd fig into the tenth bushel, the seer mocked him andHeracles killed him with his fist.

* Sisyphus is the type of cleverness." The fist of Heracles. '^ i.e. Siris.

« Achaeans come from Troy and settle near Siris on thesite of the later Heradeia. They kill the lonians, the

576

ALEXANDRA

fields, where'lies the unhappy Calchas * who Sisyphus-like* counted the unnumbered figs, and who wassmitten on the head by the rounded scourge *"

—

where Sinis' ^ swift stream flows, watering the rich

estate of Chonia. There the unhappy men shall

build a city like Ilios/ and shall vex the Maiden-^Laphria Salpinx by slaying in the temple of thegoddess the descendants^ of Xuthus who formerly

occupied the town. And her image shall shut its

bloodless eyes, beholding the hateful destruction of

lonians by Achaeans and the kindred slaughter of

the wild wolves, when the minister son of the

priestess dies and stains first the altar with his darkblood.

And others shall take to them the steep Tylesian'^

hills and sea-washed Linos' ^ hilly promontory, the

territory of the Amazon,* taking on them the yoke of a

slave woman, whom, as servant of the brazen-mailed

impetuous maiden,^" the wave shall carry wanderingto an alien land : slave of that maiden whose eye,

smitten as she breathes her last, shall bring doom to

the ape-formed Aetolian pest,^* wounded by the

previous settlers, in the temple of Ilian Athena ; cf. Aristot.

Mirah. 106, Athen. xii. 533, Strabo 264 (who says it wasthe lonians who murdered the earlier Trojan settlers).

/ Athena, cf. 356, 915.3 lonians. Ion being son of Xuthus.^ Unknown, but apparently in Bruttiura.*

* Clete, nurse of Penthesileia.^ When Clete heard that Penthesileia had fallen at Troy,

she set out in search of her but was carried by stress of

weather to Italy where she found a town which bore her

name in Bruttium.* Thersites {for his deformity cf. II. ii. 216 ff.) from

Aetolia. When Achilles slew Penthesileia, Thersites in-

sulted the corpse by thrusting his spear in her eye, where-

upon Achilles killed him (Q. Smyrn. i. 660 ff.).

2p 577

LYCOPHRON

K/Oorcovtarat 8' aorv irepaovaiv irore

*Aât,6vos, ^depaavres drpofjuov Koprjv

KA-i^TT^v, dvaacrav ttjs iircovvfjiov irarpas.

TToXXoi 8e TTpoGdev yatav Ik Keivrjs oSd^

SaÔUCrt 7Tp7]VLxd€VT€S, Ov8^ drCp TTOVOJV

TTVpyovs hiappaiaovai AavpT^rrjs yovoi.

01 S' av Tepeivav, evOa (jLvSaivei, ttotoXs

^Q.KLvapo9 yrjv, cf)olôv eK^pdaorcov vScop,

dXr) KaroLKTjcTQvai Kafivovres TTiKpa.

Tov 8' av rd Sevrepela KaXXicrrevfJiaTcov

Xaôvra, Kal rov €k AvKopfialcov ttotcjv

GTparrjXdrrjv gvv, Kaprepov T6pyr]s tokov,

rfj jJLev Ai^vauav iJjdfjLfjLov dôvuL nvoat,

QpfjcraaL ttoScotoXs €fX(f)opovfji€vaL AtVotS",

TYJ 8' e/C AlpVGGT]? avdlS ifXTTLTTTaJV VOTOS

els Âpyvpivovs /cat Kepavviojv vdrras

dêi âpel TTpTârrjpL TTOijjialvcDV dXa.

evda TrXavT^rrjv Xvirpov oijjovTai îov

AaKfjLCtJVLov TTLVOvres A'iavTOs pods.

J^pddis 8e yeiroiv r^hk yivXdKCJv Spots

)^d>pos^ orvvoLKOVs Seêrat KoXxcov YloXaiSt

piaciTrjpas ovs Ovyarpos eareiXew âpvsAias KoptvOov T dpxos, WiSvlas ttogls,

TTjv vvfxcjiayojyov eKKVviqyercbv rpoTTiv,

ol TTpos âdeZ, vdaaavTO Ac/^rjpov TTopco.

^ bpos (cod. B) x'^P«5 Scheer.

" E.M. s.v. KXeirr} says that not only the city but also thequeens who succeeded the first Cleite (Clete) bore the samename. As Clete was mother of Caulon, founder of Caulonia,the reference seems to be to the taking of Caulonia byCroton.

* Daughter of Lacinius and wife of Croton (schoL)." In Bruttium. '^ Nireus (Hom. 11. ii. 671 if.).

* Thoas. f =Evenus in Aetolia (Strabo 451).

578

ALEXANDRA

bloody shaft. And the men of Croton shall sack the

city of the Amazon, destroying the dauntless maidenClete/ queen of the land that bears her name. But,

ere that, many shall be laid low by her hand andbite the dust with their teeth, and not withoutlabour shall the sons of Laureta ^ sack the towers.

Others, again, in Tereina,*' where Ocinarus moistensthe earth with his streams, bubbling with bright

water, shall dwell, weary with bitter wandering.

And him,<^ again, who won the second prize for

beauty, and the boar leader * from the streams of

Lycormas,^ the mighty son of Gorge,'' on the onehand the Thracian blasts, falling on taut sails, shall

carry to the sands of Libya ; on the other hand fromLibya again the blast of the South wind shall carry

them to the Argyrini ^ and the glades of Ceraunia,*

shepherding the sea with grievous hurricane. Andthere they shall see a sorry wandering life, drinking

the waters of Aias ^ which springs from Lacmon.*And neighbouring Crathis ^ and the land of the

Mylaces »"' shall receive them in their bounds to dwell

at Polae,^ the town of the Colchians whom the angryruler ^ of Aea and of Corinth, the husband of Eiduia,P

sent to seek his daughter,? tracking the keel *" that

carried off the bride; they settled by the deepstream of Dizerus.*

9' Daughter of Oeneus.^ In Epirus (Steph. B.). * Mountain in Epirus.^ i.e. the Auas or Aoiis (Strabo 271, 316).* = Lacmus ; cf. Herod, ix, 23.

' Unknown river in Illyria.

lUyrians {iW6s = fivX\6s, i.e. "squinting").Callim. fr. incert. 2n. ° Aeetes.

[es. Th. 958, where Aeetes, son of Helios, is husbandof Idyia, daughter of Oceanus.

3 Medeia. '' Argo. * In Illyria (Steph. B.).

579

^ Cf.p Hej

LYCOPHRON

*'AAAot 86 MeAtTT^v vrjcrov ÔOpojvov TreAa?

TrXayKTol KaroLKTjUOVGLV , ^v Trepi^ kXvScov

efJLTrXrjv Uaxvvov lîKavog TrpoafxaaaeraLy

rod ^Lcruêiov TracSos oxdTjpav aKpav 103C

iTTCovvjJLOV TToO^ VGTepcp xpov(i) ypd(j)OJV

KXeivov 9^ ISpvpia irapOevov AoyyartSos',

"EAojpos" 'ivda i/jvxpov c/cjSctAAet ttotov.

YlaTTTTOKTOVOS S* ÔdpCOVOV OLKT^G€L Au/COS",

TTjXov Trarpcpa peldpa VioGKVvOov Trodcov. 103£

OS iv OaXdcTcrr] ;)ôt/oa86ov pe^cbs €7n

prjTpas TToXiratg ras arpaTOTrXcoTOvg ipeX,

X^pGov Trarpcoas ov yap av ôvrj ttootl

iffavaaUf fxiyav TrXeiCova (xr) Treêuydra,

Alktjs idaei rdppoOos TeXôvoia 104C

Kdhcjvos (x/x^t peWpa vaiovoa GKvXa^.

odev, 7T€(f)€vyd)9 ipirerajv Seivrjv P'dxy]V

hpaKovroiJL6p(f)Cx)V y eh Âfiavrtav ttoXlv

irXwaet,. TreAa? 8e yrjs Ânvrdvajv puoXcov,

UpdKTLV Trap* avrrjv alirv vdaGerac Xenas, io4f

rod XaovtVou vdjJLa UoXvdvdovs hpiircov.

'0 8* KvGoveioSv dyx'' KdXxavros rd<f)a>Vy

« Malta.* Hesych, s.v. 'Odpwvbs says " island off Corcyra "

; soPliny, N.H. iv, 53. Hence Scheer supposed that Lycophronconfused Melita= Malta with the Illyrian Melita= Meleda.But Steph. Byz. s.v. '06p. says " according to some an island

to the south of Sicily.

"

" Cape in south-east Sicily, of which the western pointwas called 'Obvaaeia dKpa (Ptolem. iii. 4. 7).

^ Odysseus, according to one legend son of Anticleia

and Sisyphus. * Athena ; cf. 520.' River near Pachynus. ^ Island near Corcyra.'' Elephenor of Euboea {11. ii. 540) having unwittingly

slain his grandfather x-Vbas had to go into exile for a year.

Meanwhile the Trojan war breaks out, in which as a suitor

580

ALEXANDRA

Other wanderers shall dwell in the isle of Melita/near Othronus/ round which the Sicanian wave laps

beside Pachynus,'' grazing the steep promontory that

in after time shall bear the name of the son^ of

Sisyphus and the famous shrine of the maidenLongatis/ where Helorus ^ empties his chilly stream.

And in Othronus ^ shall dwell the wolf^ that slew

his own grandfather, yearning afar for his ancestral

stream of Coscynthus.* Standing in the sea uponthe rocks he shall declare to his countrymen the

compact of the sailing army. For never will the

ally of Justice, the Telphusian hound ^ that dwells

by the streams of Ladon, allow the murderer to

touch with his feet his fatherland, if he has not

spent a great year in exile. Thence, fleeing from_

the terrible warfare of the serpent-shaped vermin/he shall sail to the city of Amantia,^ and comingnigh to the land of the Atintanians,"* right beside

Practis '* shall he dwell upon a steep hill, drinking

the waters of Chaonian Polyanthes.

And near the Ausonian false-tomb of Calchas^

of Helen (Apollod. iii. 130) he has to take part. When hecomes to summon the Abantes to the war he may not land,

but must speak from a rock in the sea ; cf. Arist. 'A^. lIoX.

57. ' In Euboea (schol.).'" Demeter - Erinys, cult at Telphusa or Thelpusa in

Arcadia. * Reference unknown.' = 'A/Saj/Ha in Illv ricum.»" In Epeirus (Strabo 326). " Unknown." Calchas was buried near Colophon {cf. 424 f.), but

"there are shown in Daunia on a hill called Drion twoheroa (hero-shrines), one of Calchas on the top of the hill,

where those who consult him sacrifice to him a black ramand sleep upon the skin ; the other of Podaleirius at the foot

of the hill. . . . From it flows a small stream which is asovereign remedy (Trdj/a/ces) for the diseases of cattle

"

(Strabo 284).

581

LYCOPHRON

SvoLV aSeAôti' drepos, ifjevSrjplcov

$€vr]v ctt' 6gt€OLGlv oyxijcrei kovlv.

SopaZg 8e ixriXoiv rvpLôv ey/cot/xco/xeVots" 1O50

XP'tjor^L Kad^ VTTVOV Trdai vrjfjbeprrj ^dnv,VOGWV 8' aKearrjs AawtotS" KXrjdijaeTaLj

orav KarLKixaivovT€s ÂXdaLvov pools

apcxiyov av^riGCJGiv 'Hmou yovov

aorroLat /cat TTOLfivatcn Trpevpievrj (JboXelv. 105£

earav irore TTpeapevoriv AlrcoXcov <j)dos

€K€L yoTjpov Kal 'TTavexOidTov (f>avev,

orav YiaXdyycjJv yaiav Âyyauacxjv d* eSr]

fioXovres alri^cocTL Koupdvov yvag,

iordXrjs dpovpTjs irZap eyKXrjpov x^^vog. iq^Tovs 8' etV ipefjbvov tâjvras co/XT^crrat rctôv

Kpvi/jovGL KOiXrjg €v fJLVxoi? Sia(7(f>dyos.

TOLS 8' aKTepLcrrov orjp,a Aawtrat veKpojv

arrjaovGL ;^ct>(TTa) rpoxp^dXco Karrjpecfies,

Xcopav 8lS6vt€9, rjv irep exprjiôv Xaêtv, iqq^

rod Kparo^pcjTOS TraiSog drpearov Kdirpov.

Tcjv NavôXelojv 8' et? Te/xeacrav iyyovcov

vavrai Kara^XcoôvaiV, evda AapLTrerr]?

Îttttojvlov TTprfibvos €LS Trjdvv Kepag

" Podaleirius.* Podaleirius and Machaon, sons of Asclepius, from

Thessaly (//. ii. 730 f.).

* Stream flowing from Mount Drion. ^ Asclepius.* Justin xii. 2 says Brundusium was founded by the

Aetolians under Diomede. When the Aetolians were ex-pelled by the Apulians they consulted the oracles and gotthe answer "locum quem repetissent perpetuo possessuros."Accordingly they sent ambassadors to demand restitution ofthe city. The Apulians, having learnt of the oracle, killed

the ambassadors and buried them in the city, " perpetuamibi sedem habituros."

•'' Unknown. » Diomedes.

582

ALEXANDRA

one ^ of two brothers ^ shall have an alien soil over

his bones and to men sleeping in sheepskins on his

tomb he shall declare in dreams his unerring messagefor all. And healer of diseases shall he be called

by the Daunians, when they wash the sick with the

waters of Althaenus " and invoke the son of Epius ^

to their aid^ that he may come gracious unto menand flocks. There some time for the ambassadors *

of the Aetolians shall dawn a sad and hateful day,

when, coming to the land of the Salangi^ and the seats

of the Angaesi/ they shall ask the fields of their lord/

the rich inheritance of goodly soil. Alive in a darktomb within the recesses of a hollow cleft shall the

savages hide them ; and for them the Daunites shall

set up a memorial of the dead without funeral rites,

roofed with piled stones, giving them the land whichthey desired to get,—the land of the son ^ of the

dauntless boar^ who devoured the brains* of his enemy.And the mariners of the descendants ^"^of Naubolus

shall come to Temessa,* where the hard horn of the

Hipponian ^ hill inclines to the sea of Lampeta."*

^ Tydeus fought with Polyneices in Argos. Adrastus hadreceived an oracle that he should^arry his daughters to ali^n and a boar, and a seer now recognized in Polyneices thelion, in Tydeus the boar (Eur. Suppl. 140 fF.).

* In the war of the Seven against Thebes Melanippos(Aesch. Sept. 415) was opposed to Tydeus {ibid. 377).

Tydeus was wounded by Melanippos whom he then slew.

As Tydeus lay dying, Athena brought a drug which was to

make him immortal. But Amphiaraus, who hated Tydeus,cut off the head of Melanippos and gave it to Tydeus whoopened it and supped the brains (Apollod. iii. 76).

^ Schedius and Epistrophus, sons of Iphitus, son ofNaubolus, from Phocis {II. ii. 517).

* Tempsa in Bruttium (Strabo 265).^ Vibo Valentia (Strabo 256), in Bruttium."* Clampetia, in Bruttium.

583

LYCOPHRON•

gkXtjpov vev€VK€V. dvTL Be J^plarjs opo)v 1070

KpOTCOVLdnv avTiTTOpOpiov avXaKaôojv dporpevGovcnv oA/cato) irrepcOy

Trdrpav AtAatav Kdveficopelas TrdSov

TToOovvres "Ap,<f)iaGdv re /cat KXeivds "Aâs".

ST^rata rXrjjjLOV, orol 8e irpos Trirpais fJLOpos ^Q^g

fjLifivei SvaaLCJV, evOa yviovxois TreSais

OLKTLGTa x^XKeirjGLV (hpyvLCOfievrj

OoLvfjy TTvpl (fyXeâGa heGiroTcbv gtoXov,

eK^XrjTOv aldl,ovGa KpddcSos TreXas

TopyoLGLV alcoprjfjua ôiviois Befxag. IQgQ

GTTtXds 8' iK€LVT] GTJs c/iepcovvfjLos rvx^jS

TTOVrOV 7TpOGavydl,OVGa (f)7]fXLGdT^G€raL.

Ofc 8' av lieAaoycDv a/x^t Me/xÂi^ros" pods

vrJGov T€ K-cpvedriV eKTreTrXcoKores

virep TTopov TvpG7]v6v iv Aa/XT^rtats" 1085hivaiGLV olKrjGOVGi AevKavcov irXdicas.

Ka6 TOWS' p-ev dXyr) rroiKiXai re Gvp.(/)Opal

dvoGTOV aldtôvras eôvGiv tv^^v

€p,djv ei<aTL BvGydfjicov pvGrayp.dTa)v

.

OvB* ol xpovcx) p,oX6vres dGTraGTcos S6p,ovs iqqqevKTatov eKXapîfjovGi dvp^drcov GeXas,

Xdpi'V rivovres KepSvAo, Aapvvdlcp.

TOtatcrS' ix'f^vo? p.r^xoL^ci'i^S oiKOcfydopojv

TrapaLoXiêi rds dXeKTOpwv TTCKpas

GT€yav6p,ov9 opviOas. ovhe vav<^dyoL jq95XiqôvGL 7T€v6ov£ BvGjjLevei^ ^pVKTwpiai

TTTopdov BiappaiGOevros y ov V€OGKa<f)€s

* Phocian towns (7^, I.e. .

* Setaea, a Trojan captive, set fire to the Greek ships.

Hence Setaeum, chfF near Sybaris.

584

ALEXANDRA

And in place of the bounds of Crisa * they shall till

with ox-drawn trailing ploughshare the Crotonian

fields across the straits^ longing for their native

Lilaea " and the plain of Anemoreia " and Amphissa <*

and famous Abae.*^ Poor Setaea *! for thee waits

an unhappy fate upon the rocks, where, most pitifully

outstretched with brazen fetters on thy limbs, thoushalt die, because thou didst burn the fleet of thymasters : bewailing near Crathis thy body cast out

and hung up for gory vultures to devour. Andthat cliff, looking on the sea, shall be called by thyname in memory of thy fate.

And others again beside the Pelasgian streams

of Membles and the Cerneatid isle shall sail forth

and beyond the Tyrrhenian strait occupy in Lametianwaters Leucanian plains.

And griefs and varied sufferings shall be the lot

of these—bewailing their fate which allows themnot to return home,, on account of my haling to

unhappy marriage.

Nor shall they who after many days come gladly

home kindle the flame of votive offering in gratitude

to Cerdylas Larynthius.*' With such craft shall the

hedgehog ^ ruin their homes and mislead the house-

keeping hens embittered against the cocks. Norshall the ship-devouring hostile beacons abate their

sorrow for his shattered scion,^ whom a new-dug" Zeus. The meaning of these cult-names is quite

obscure : Cerdylas possibly = Kriqaios, Zeus as god ofproperty.

'^ Nauplius ("hedgehog," from proverbial craftiness ofthat animal, Ael. N.A. vi. 54), in revenge for his sonPalamedes, lures the Greeks by false beacons on to therocks and by lies induces their wives to be faithless.

« Palamedes, stoned to death by the Greeks, was buriedby Achilles and Aias near Methymna (in Lesbos).

585

LYCOPHRON

Kprji/jei 7TOT iv KXrjpoLat M.r]SviJbVT]s Greyog.'0 ijuev yap dfi<f)l ;jÛTAa ra? SvaeôSovs

^rjrajv KcXevdovg avx^vcGrrjpog ^poxov 1100

iv dfjuîpXTârrpcp avvrerapyavcofjievo^

rv^Xals fxarevaei X^P^'' Kpoaraajrovs pacfxxg.

depfJLTjV 8' viral Xovrpcavos dpvevcov areyqvTL^rjva Kal KvireXXov iyKapcp paveZ,

rvirels aKeTrapvo) Koyôv evdrjKrco fiecrov. 1105

OLKTpd Se Tripn^L^ Taivapov TTrepvêrai,

XvTTpdv Xeaivrjs etcrtSouo"' olKovpiav.

eyo) 8e Spoirrj? dyxi' /cetcroju-at ttcSo),

âXvpSiKcp KvcoSovTL oruvTeOpavGfxevT)

,

errei fxe, irevKT)? TTpefJuvov t) (ttvttos Spvog 1110

OTTCJs Tts" vXoKovpos ipydrrjs opevs,

prj^€i TrXarvv revovra /cat pi€rd(f)p€vov

,

Kol irdv XaKLôvG* ev (jyovals ^v^pov Sefiag

SpaKaiva Supas KdirL^da ctt' avx^vosirXrjaei yefiovra Ovfiov dypias* x^^V^' ^^^^

COS" KXeijfivvfxcjiOV kov SopiKrrjTov yepag

Sv(jl,r]Xos dare/JLâKTa TLfjucopovfievr],

ôa>aa 8' ov KXvovra SeaTrorrjv ttoglv

Oevaoj Kar tp^vos- r^vepicopievr] Trrepols.

aKVfjLVOs Se rrarpos Krjpa fiaarevajv (f)6vov 1120

els GirXdyxv ixi^viqs avroxîp ^difsei î<i)OSy

KaKov /x-tttCT/x,' efji(f)vXov dXOatvcov KaKcp.

'E/xo? 8' aKoLrris, S/xcotSo? vvfJL(j)r]s dva^,

Zeu? YiTTapTidrais alfJbvXois KXrjd-âeraL,

Tifids fieyLGras Ol^dXov reKvois Xaxcov. 1125

" Agamemnon is killed in the bath by Clytemnestra.* In Laconia, where there was a descent to Hades.

'^ Clytaemnestra.** The Chalybes in Pontus were famous workers in metal.

586

ALEXANDRA

habitation in the territory of Methymna shall

hide.

One " at the bath while he seeks for the difficult

exits of the mesh about his neck, entangled in a

net, shall search with blind hands the fringed

stitching. And diving under the hot covering of

the bath he shall sprinkle with his brains tripod

and basin, when he is smitten in the midst of theskull with the well-sharpened axe. His piteous

ghost shall wing its way to Taenarus,*^ having lookedon the bitter housekeeping of the lioness.^ And I

beside the bath shall lie on the ground, shattered

by the Chalybdic ^ sword. For she shall cleave me

—

broad tendon and back—even as a woodcutter work-man on the mountains cleaves trunk of pine or stemof oak—and, sand-viper as she is, will rend all mycold body in blood and set her foot on my neck andglut her laden soul of bitter bile, taking relentless

vengeance on me in evil jealousy, as if I were a

stolen bride and not a spear-won prize. And calling

on my master and husband,^ who hears no more,

I shall follow his track on wings of the wind. Buta whelp,-^ seeking vengeance for his father's blood,

shall with his own hand plunge his sword in the

entrails of the viper, with evil healing the evil

pollution of his race.

And my husband, lord of a slave bride, shall

be called Zeus ^ by the crafty Spartiates, obtaining

highest honours from the children of Oebalus.^ Nor

« Agamemnon.f Orestes, son of Agamemnon, slays his mother Clytaem-

nestra.« Zeus-Agamemnon, worshipped in Sparta.^ Father of Tyndareus.

587

LYCOPHRON

ov fjLTjv ifj,6v vcovvfjbvov avdpdtiTTOis (jeâs

earai, fiapavOkv avOi XrjdaL(x) ctkoto).

vaov Se /xot revôvau Aavvtcov aKpoi

^dXiTrjs Trap* 6-)(dais, ot re AdpSavov ttoXlv

vaiovGi, XLfivrjs dyxi'Tippuoves ttotojv. 1130

Kovpai Se TTapOiveiov eK(j>vy€lv t^vyov

orav deXcjJOL, vujJL(f)iov£ apvovpuevaL

Tovs *^KTop€LOLs TiyXa'Cafievovs /co/xats",

jjLop(l)rjs eôvras GL(f)Xov -^ fjucofjuap yivovSy

ipbov TrepLTTTVôvcTLV ojXivais operas

»

1135

d'A/ca/o fJueyidTOV KrcjfJievai vvfX(f>€VfjidTa)V,

^^pivvcav icrdrjra /cat pedovs â(j)ds

TrenafievaL dpovoiau (f)appiaKTr)pLOLS.

Keivais eyco ^rivaiov d(j)6iTOs Oed

papSr](j)6pOLS yvvai^lv avhrÔrjaojxai. 1140

YievOos Se TToAAats" Trapdevcov riqrcofjLevais

T€Vô) yvvai^lv avdis, at GTparrjXdrrjv

ddeGjJLoXeKrpoVy KvirpiSos XrjGrrjv 9ed£,

Sapov arevovaaiy KXijpov els dvdpaiov

TTepLi/jovai iralSas iarepTqfMevas yd/xajv. 1145

Adpvfiva, /cat Ttirepxîe, /cat Bodypte,

/cat Kw6, /cat S/cap0eta, /cat OaAcoptas",

/cat Napu/cetov dorv, koI SpoviriSes

AoKpojv dyviaiy /cat Hvpojiâtat vdnai,

/cat Tras" 'OSotSo/cetos" 'lAecos: So/xos", 1150

<» " A lake in Italy" (schol.) ;possibly the reference is to

Salapia. * Unknown." The schol. says this means that the hair is worn long

behind and shorn in front. Cf. Hesych. s.v. 'EktSpcloi'

KOîriTai. \avvLoi Kai UevK^Tiot '^xovres t7)v dw' 'IXiov rois Co/ulols

TrepLKexv/J.î'Tjv Tpixa. (Plut. Hies. 5).

^ Aristot. Mirab. 109 refers to the black clothes worn by all

Daunians, male or female. The schol. quotes Timaeus for

the statement that the Daunian women wore a dark dress,

588

ALEXANDRA

shall my worship be nameless among men, nor fade

hereafter in the darkness of oblivion. But thechiefs of the Daimians shall build for me a shrine

on the banks of Salpe," and those also who inhabit

the city of Dardanus/ beside the waters of the lake.

And when girls wish to escape the yoke of maidens,refusing for bridegrooms men adorned with locks

such as Hector wore/ but with defect of form or

reproach of birth, they will embrace my imagewith their anns, winning a mighty shield against

marriage, having clothed them in the garb of theErinyes ^ and dyed their faces with magic simples.

By those staff-carrying women I shall long be called

an immortal goddess.

And to many women robbed of their maidendaughters I shall bring sorrow hereafter. Longshall they bewail the leader* who sinned against

the laws of marriage, the pirate of the Cypriangoddess,/ when they shall send to the unkindlyshrine ^ their daughters reft of marriage. OLarymna'' and Spercheius and Boagrius and Cynusand Scarpheia and Phalorias and city of Naryx andLocrian streets of Thronium and Pyronaean glades

and all the house of Ileus son of Hodoedocus—ye

were girt with broad ribands, wore ra xolXa twv vTrodrj/xdruv,

i.e. reaching to the calves of the leg (es fxeo-qv ttjv Kvrnj.rjv

av-qKovTa, PoU. V. 18, cf. vii. 84, Ael. N.A. vi. 23), carried awand in their hands, and painted their faces with a reddishcolour—suggesting the Furies of tragedy.

* Aias the Locrian, son of Oileus (Ileus), who assaultedCassandra in the temple of Athena.

/ Aphrodite.^ Shrine of Athena in Troy, The reference is to the

Locrian maiden-tribute. See Callim. Aet. i. 8 n. and cf.

Strabo 601 and Plut. De ser. vindict. 657.* This and the other places named are in Locris.

589

LYCOPHRON

vjjLeXg ifxoJv eKari Svcrae^cbv ydfiCDV

TTOivas Vvyaia riaer ÂypioKa dea,

rov ;^tAt60/oov rots' avvfjuêvrovs ;\;/)dvov

TToXov ^paêiais yrjpoôGKovcrai Kopas.

als aKTepLGTOS iv i^^ êvats rdcjios 1155

l/jOLfJUpLO) kXvSoJVOS XvTTpOS iKKXvGdrjG€Tai,

(jyvTols aKapiTOLS yvla GVfX(f)Xiâs orav

"HâtcTOS" els ddXaaaav eK^pdarj gttoSov

rrjs e/c X6(f)a)V Tpdpcovos i(f)dLTajfjb€vr)s.

dXXai Se vvKTOJp rats davovfJLevaig I'crat 1160

Tiidcovos els dvyarpos lôvrai yvas,

XadpaXa KaKKeXevda TraTrraAco/xcvat,

€ws dv elaOpe^cjGLV Âjxcjyeipas Sopuovs

Xirals SêVetav iKruSes yovvovpLevac.

deds 3' 6(f)€Xrp€Vcrov(JL KOcrpLOvaaL TreSov, 1165

Spoorcp T€ (f)OLpd(Jovcnv, darepyrj ôXov

darcbv (jyvyovaai. irds yap ÎXtevs dvrjp

Kopas 8oK€V(T€i, TTerpov iv x^P^^^ '^X^^>r] (f)day(XVOV KeXaivov, ^ ravpoKTOvov

Greppdv KvîqXiv, t} OaAa/c/oatov acAclSov, 1170

/xat/xcDv Kopeoaau X^^P^ Sn/jcbcrav cf)6vov.

Srjpuos S dvarel rov Kravovr* CTratveWt,

redpicp x^P^^^S) Tov7nXco^T]T0v yevos.^Q. pLTJrep, 60 Svopb-qrep, ovSe gov kXeos

aTTVGTOv eo-rat, YlepGeoJS Se TrapOevos 1175

B/Dt/xcb Hpipiopôs dT^Geral cr' eVcoTTtSa

* Athena Gygaea either, in spite of the quantity, fromthe TvyaLr] Xifivr] in Lydia (Strabo 626) or cf. Tvya ' 'Adrjva

^7Xwptos (Boeotian?) Hesych. Agrisca as goddess ofagriculture.

* Holzinger takes this to mean that the first Locrianmaiden escaped her pursuers by jumping into the sea fromCape Traron in the Troad. It seems better to suppose it

590

ALEXANDRA

for the sake of my impious wedlock shall paypenance to the goddess Gygaea Agrisca," for thespace of a thousand years fostering to old age yourunwed daughters by the arbitrament of the lot.

And they, aliens in an alien land, shall have withoutfuneral rites a tomb, a sorry tomb in wave-washedsands, when Hephaestus burns with unfruitful plants

the limbs of her ^ that perishes from Traron's peaks,

and tosses her ashes into the sea. And, to fill theplace of those that shall die, others shall come bynight to the fields " of Sithon's daughter by secret

paths and glancing fearfully, until they rush into

the shrine of Ampheira<* as suppliants beseechingwith their prayers Stheneia.'*^ And they shall sweepand array the floor of the goddess and cleanse it

with dew, having escaped the loveless anger of thecitizens. For every man of Ilios shall keep watchfor the maidens, with a stone in his hands, or a

dark sword or hard bull-slaying axe, or shaft fromPhalacra,^ eager to sate his hand athirst for blood.

And the people shall not harm him who slays that

race of reproach, but shall praise him and grave his

name by ordinance.

O mother,^ O unhappy mother ! thy fame, too,

shall not be unknown, but the maiden daughters'

of Perseus, Triform Brimo, shall make thee her

means that the ashes of every maiden who died were cast

into the sea from Cape Traron.« Rhoeteum, cf. 583.<* Athena Arapheira as a name of Athena is unknown

;

'Adrivri lidevids was worshipped in Troezen (Paus. ii. 30. 6 IF.),

« Cf. U.f Hecuba, who was turned into a dog and stoned to

death,Hecate, daughter of Asteria and Perses (Perseus) son

of Crius and Eurybia.

591

LYCOPHRON

KXayyaiGi rapixvaaovaav ivvvxois pporovs,

ocroL fjLeSovGrjs Tirpvfjiovos Zjrjpvvdlas

SeiK-qXa pLTj aeôvGL Aa/X77"aSoi»;^tatS',

dvadXoLS êpaiav iâKevfievot dedv. 1180

ijjevhripiov 8e vrjGLOJTLKog arovv^

Udxvvos eêt aeîvov i^ oveipdrcov

rats heuTToreiais (hXivais (hyKcufjievov

peldpcjv *EAc6/30u TTpoaOev iKrepiaixevr^s'

OS St) Trap* a/crats" rXijfJLOvog paveX XoctS", 1185

rpiavx^vos ixrjVipia Setfjuaivajv deds,

XevGTTJpa TTpcjTov ow€K€v pLijjas Trirpov

"AiSrj KeXaLVWv dvp,drojv aTrdpêrat,.

TiV S', CO ^vvaL[JL€, TrXelurov i^ ifMrjs ^/oevo?

arepxOeiS, fxeXdOpcov eppua /cat rrdTpas oAt^s", 1190

ovK els K€v6v KprjTrlSa (j)oivi^€is (f>6va}

ravpcjVy dvaKTL rcov *0cf)LOJvos dpovojv

TrXeiGTas aTrapxds Ovp^drcov Sajpovpuevos.

aAA' aêrat g€ TTpos yeveOXiav irXdKa

TTjV iÔXOJS TpaLKOLGLV €^VfJLVr]ljLeVr]V, 1195

OTTOV a<f)€ p,rjrrip tj TrdXrjs ep.Treipap.os

TTjv irpooQ^ dvaaaav epuâXovaa Taprdpcp

(LSivas eêXvore Xadpalas yovrjs,

rds TTaiSoppcoTOVs eK<f)vyova opuevverov

doivas daeTTTOVS, ovS* eiriavev ôpa 1200

VTjSvv, Tov dvTLTTOLVov iypidiffas TTerpoVy

ev yvioKoXXois Girapydvois elXrjpLevov,

TvpLôs yeycjs Vievravpos d)pi6(f)pajv Gnopas.

vijaoLS Sc puaKdpcjJV eyKaroiK'qGeis pueyas

<» Hecate.^ In Thessaly. Hecate with torch appears on coins of

Pherae (Head, H.N. 307 f.).

" Cenotaph of Hecuba built in Sicily by Odysseus.'^ Hecate. « Hector. ' Zeus.

592

ALEXAI^^DRA

attendant^ terrifying with thy baying in the nightall mortals who worship not with torches the imagesof the Zerynthian queen of Strymon,** appeasingthe goddess of Pherae^ with sacrifice. And theisland spur of Pachynus shall hold thine awful

cenotaph/ piled by the hands of thy master,

prompted by dreams when thou hast gotten the rites

of death in front of the streams of Helorus. Heshall pour on the shore offerings for thee, unhappyone, fearing the anger of the three-necked goddess/for that he shall hurl the first stone at thy stoning

and begin the dark sacrifice to Hades.And thou, O brother,* most beloved of my heart,

stay of our halls and of our whole fatherland, not

in vain shalt thou redden the altar pedestal withblood of bulls, giving full many a sacrificial offering

to hira^ who is lord of Ophion's^ throne. Buthe shall bring thee to the plain of his nativity,'^

that land celebrated above others by the Greeks,

where his mother,* skilled in wrestling, having

cast into Tartarus the former queen, delivered her

of him in travail of secret birth, escaping the child-

devouring unholy feast of her spouse ^ ; and hefattened not his belly with food, but swallowedinstead the stone, wrapped in limb-fitting swaddling-

clothes : savage Centaur, tomb of his own offspring.

And in the Islands of the Blest ^ thou shalt dwell,

" A Titan, who preceded Zeus as king of the gods.^ Thebes, where was a place called Atos Toval (schol. II.

xiii. 1). The Thebans were told by an oracle to bringHector's bones to Thebes (Paus. ix. 18).

* Rhea overcame Eurynome, wife of Ophion.^ Cronus, called Centaur as father of Cheiron.* In Thebes was a place called Ma/cdpa)!/ vrjaoL. Hesych.

s.v. M. j'Tjo-os says it is the acropolis of Thebes.

2 Q 593

LYCqPHRON

rjpcos, apojyos Xoljjllkwv roêvfJLdrojv,

07T0V o€ Treiodels ^Q.yuyov Gnapros Xeojs

XprjcTfioX? 'larpou Aeijjlov TeppLivdecos

e£ ^0(f)pvv€LCov TjpLcov dv€Lpv<jas

d^€i Ys.aXvhvov TvpGiv Â.6v<j}v re yrjv

GCOTTJp^ , orav Ka/jLvaycriv oirXirrj arparoj

TTepdovTi ;\;co/3av Trjvepov r dvaKropa.

KXioS 8e GOV pLeyiGTOV 'EaCTT^VCOV TTpOflOL

XoLÔLGL KvhaVOVGLV dcjiQirOLS IGOV.

"Hfet he KvcDcrcTOV kolttI Voprvvo^ SofJLOVs

TOVfjLov raXaiVYjs 77"^/Lta, Tras" S' dvoLGraros

corrat GTparrjyojV oIkos. ov yap riGV)(Os

TTOpKevs SiKOJTrov creA/xa vavGToXa)v eXd,

AevKov GTpopiJGOJV (f)vXaKa rrjs pLOvapxôiS

,

ifivSpatGL T€ exOpoiv pbrjxavals dvairXeKajv.

OS" ovre T€Kva)v (jieiGer ovre Gvyydpiov

MT^Sas^ SdpLapros, rjypLcopLevos ^pivas,

ov K.XecGid'r^pas Ovyarpos, rjg TTarrjp Xexo9

dpeTTTcp SpaKovTL GvyKaraiveGei rriKpov.

TTavrag 8' dvdyvoLS ;\;e/oo-tv iv vaco KreveX,

XayâiGiv aiKLGdevras 'Oy/catou ôOpov.

Tevovs 8e TTdirrrajv tojv e/xcov avOug kXcos

fjueyiGTOV av^TjGOVGLV dpLvapLoi Trore,

alxP'OLLS TO TrpcDToXeiov dpavres GTe(f)o?,

yrjs /cat OaXaGGrjs GKrJTTrpa Kal pLovapxi'O.v

Xapovres. ovhi* dp,vr)Grov, dOXia TrarptSy

*» The Thebans sprang from the dragon's teeth sown by-

Cadmus. * Early king of Thebes.° Apollo. "^ In the Troad.« Early king of Thebes. ' Boeotians.^ Son and priest of Ptoian Apollo in Boeotia.* Boeotians. ' In Crete.' Nauplius (c/, 1093) goes to Crete, where he incites

594>

ALEXANDRA

a mighty hero, defender of the arrows of pestilence,

where the sown ** folk of Ogygus,*^ persuaded by the

oracles of the Physician'' Lepsius Termintheus, shall

lift thee from thy cairn in Ophryneion ^ and bring

thee to the tower of Calydnus * and the land of the

Aonians f to be their saviour, when they are harassed

by an armed host which seeks to sack their land andthe shrine of Tenerus.s' And the chiefs of the

Ectenes ^ shall with libations celebrate thy glory in

the highest, even as the immortals.

And unto Cnossus * and the halls of Gortyn * shall

come the woe of me unhappy, and all the house of

the rulers shall be overthrown. For not quietly

shall the fisherman ^ voyage, rowing his two-oared

boat, to stir up Leucus, guardian of the kingdom,and weaving hate with lying wiles. He shall spare

neither the children nor Meda the wedded wife, in the

rage of his mind, nor the daughter Cleisithera, whomher father shall betroth unhappily to the serpent '^

whom he himself has reared. All will he slay with

impious hands in the temple, maltreated and abusedin the Trench of Oncaea.^

And the fame of the race of my ancestors

shall hereafter be exalted to the higliest by their

descendants,"^ who shall with their spears win the

foremost crown of glory, obtaining the sceptre andmonarchy of earth and sea.*^ Nor in the darkness

Leucus, to whom Idomeneus during his absence in Troyhad entrusted his kingdom, to seize the throne and to murderMeda, wife of Idomeneus, and her children, Iphiclus andLycus, as well as his own bride, Cleisithera, daughter ofIdomeneus.

* Leucus, exposed in infancy, had been adopted byIdomeneus.

^ Demeter Erinys. "* The Romans.« See Introduction, pp. 482 f.

595

LYCOPHRON

KvBos jxapavdkv iyKaraKpviff€Lg Cocfxx).

TOLovaS* e/xos" rt? avyyovo? Xeii/jei SlttXovs

GKVfjLvovs Xeovras, eôôv pcofirj yevosy

6 YsâcTTvias re rrj? re êipdhos yovoSy

povXals dpLGTOS, ouS' ovoGTos iv fJbdxoLiS. 1235

OS TTpcoTCi pukv 'PaiKTjXov OLKTâeL fJLoXcjv,

KtCTcroi? Trap' alirvv Trpcova Kal AacfyvGrtas

Kepaa(f)6povs yvvaiKas. i.K 8' 'AAjLtcoTrtas"

TTdXLfjLTrXavTJrrjV Several Tvparjvia

Aiyyevs re Oepficov peWpov eK^pdaaajv ttotcov, 1240

Kal nra' ÂyvXXr]s 6^ at TToXvpp-qvoL vdirai.

avv Se G(j)L jJiiêi (jyiXiov ixOpos <x)v crrparov,

opKOLs Kparijaas Kal Atrats" yovvacrjjLdrwv

vdvosy TrXdvatfTL ttovt ipevvijaag fxvxov

dXos T€ Kal yrjS' crw Se SiTTTVXOi tokol 1245

MuacDi^ dvaKTOs, ov ttot OlKOvpos 86pv

yvdfxip€L QeoLVOs, yvXa <JvvSi]Gas XvyoLs,

Tdpxojv re Kal TvpcrrjvoSy aWcjves XvKoiy

Twv *Hpa/cAetcov eKyeyaJreg al/Jbdroyv.

evda Tpdiretâv elSdrcov irX-qpr] KixcoVy 1250

rr]v varepov PpajdeXcrav ef onaovcoVy

fJLvqfX'qv TraAatoiv Xijiperai decrTnorjJLdrcov.

" Romulus and Remus. ^ Aeneas.'' Roma : pibfirj. ^ Aphrodite, mother of Aeneas.« On the Thermaic Gulf.f Worshippers of Dionysus (Laphystius) in Macedonia.i? In Macedonia (Thuc' ii. 9). ^ Etruria.' Unknown : Arnus ? 'In Etruria.* Odysseus, who is said to have met Aeneas in Italy.

Hellanicus ap. Dion. Hal. A. R. 72.

' Odysseus is here identified with the Nanus or Nanas ofEtruscan legend. *" Telephus, cf. 307. ff.

" Heracles, father of Telephus." Verg. A. iii. 251 fF. Aeneas in the Strophades south of

596

ALEXANDRA

of oblivion, my unhappy fatherland, shalt thou hide

thy glory faded. Such a pair of lion whelps * shall

a certain kinsman ^ of mine leave, a breed eminentin strength '^

: the son of Castnia ^ called also Cheiras,

—in counsel best and not to be despised in battle.

He shall first come to occupy Rhaecelus ^ beside the

steep crag of Cissus ^ and the horned women f of

Laphystius. And from Almopia ^ in his wanderingTyrsenia^ shall receive him and Lingeus* bubblingforth its stream of hot waters, and Pisa^' and theglades of Agylla,^ rich in sheep. And with himshall an erstwhile foe * join a friendly army, winninghim by oaths and prayers and clasped knees : eventhe Dwarf who in his roaming searched out everyrecess of sea and earth ; and therewithal the twosons of the King "' of the Mysians, whose spear oneday shall be bent by the Housekeeping God of

Wine, who shall fetter his limbs with twisted

tendrils : even Tarchon and Tyrsenus, tawny wolves,

sprung from the blood of Heracles.^ There he shall

find full of eatables a table ^ which is afterwards

devoured by his attendants and shall be remindedof an ancient prophecy. And he shall found in

Zacynthiis receives from 'the harpy Celaeno an oracle ofApollo declaring that Aeneas should not found a city in

Italy till hunger should compel the Trojan exiles to "eattheir tables." The prophecy is fulfilled Verg. A. vii. 109 fF.

Aeneas and his company reach the Tiber. They take their

meal on the banks of the river, using wheaten cakes onwhich to lay their other eatables. When these are consumed,hunger causes them to eat the wheaten cakes as well.

Thereupon lulus exclaims :" Heus ! etiam mensas con-

sumimus !" Vergil in the latter passage attributes the

prophecy to Anchises. Varro, in Serv, on A en. iii. 256, saysAeneas got it at Dodona, Dion. Hal. A.R. i. 55 says fromthe Erythraean Sibyl in the Troad

597

LYCOPHRON

Krio€i 8e x^P^^ ^^ tottois Bo/oetydvcov

VTrkp Aarlvovs Aavvtovs r (LKLcrjJidvrjVy

TTVpyovs rpiaKOVT , iâpidfii]Gas yovas

uvos KeXaLvijs, rjv 0,77' ÎSaicov X6(f)a)v

/cat AapSavelctJV e/c tottojv vavudXwaeraL,

lar]pidfxa)V dpeTrreipav iv tokols KOLTTpcov

rj? /cat 77-oAet SeiKTjXov dvOi^cjeL paa

XolXkco TVTTOJoas /cat reKvwv yXayorpocjxjjv.

8et/xas" Se GrfKov MwSta HaAAT^vtSt,

TTorpcp ayaA/xar' iyKaroLKeX deihv.

a 87^, TrapwGag /cat Sapuapra /cat re/cva

/cat KTTJGLV dXXrjV OpbTTviaV K€LpL7]XLa)Vy

Gvv Tip yepaLW Trarpl TT/oecTjSetcucreTat,

TTETrXoLS TTepuaxc^v, rjpuos at^/XT^rat /cwes",

TO, TTOLvra TTarpas ovXXa(j)VâvTes TrdXq),

TOVTcp pLovcp TTopojGLV alpediv , S6p,cov

XaBelv o XPT)^^'' KdireviyKaadat Sdvog.

rep /cat Trap' ixOpols evaeîararos KpiOeis,

rr)v TrXeXarov vpLvrjdetaav iv pâp/xats" irdrpav

iv oifjireKVOis oXîav hajpnqoeraiy

Tupaiv /xa/ceSvas" aju^t Ktp/catof vdiras

Âpyovs T€ kXcivov oppuov Alt^ttjv pLeyav,

XipLvrjs T€ ôpKTjs MapocajvlSos rrord

« The Aborigines (Strabo 228 fF.).

* Aeneas received from Helenus in Epirus a prophecythat he would be guided in founding a city by a sow.When he was sacrificing on the banks of the Tiber, a sow,one of the intended victims, escaped and fled inland, finally

resting on a hill where it gave birth to thirty young. Thenumber thirty is variously interpreted in legend ; here withreference to the thirty Latin towns of which Lavinium wasthe metropolis. According to the usual version the sow waswhitBy e.g, Verg. A. iii. 392 "Alba, solo recubans " Hence

598

ALEXANDRA

places of the Boreigonoi « a settled land beyond theLatins and Daunians—even thirty towers, when hehas numbered the offspring of the dark sow,*^ whichhe shall carry in his ship from the hills of Ida andplaces of Dardanus, which shall rear such numberof young at a birth. And in one city '^ he shall set

up an image of that sow and her suckling young,figuring them in bronze. And he shall build a

shrine to Myndia Pallenis ^ and establish therein

the images of his fathers' gods.* He shall putaside his wife and children and all his rich posses-

sions and honour these first, together with his agedsire/ wrapping them in his robes, what time the

spearmen hounds, having devoured all the goodsof his country together by casting of lots, to himalone shall give the choice to take and carry awaywhat gift from his house he will. Wherefore beingadjudged even by his foes to be most pious, heshall found a fatherland of highest renown in battle,

a tower blest in the children of after days, by the

tall glades of Circaeon » and the great Aeetes haven,''

famous anchorage of the Argo, and the waters of

some suppose Lycophron in his riddling manner to meanhere horrid, terrible, " black " metaphoricaUy.

" Lavinium, founded where the sow came to rest.

^ Athena : jMyndia, cult-name of Athena from Myndus in

Caria. A temple of Athena Pallenis lay between Athensand Marathon.

^ Penates.f Anchises. Xenoph. Cyn. 1. 15 says :

" Aeneias, bysaving his paternal and maternal gods and saving his father,

won such renown for piety that to him alone of all whomthey conquered in Troy the enemy granted that he should

not be robbed of his possessions." Of. Aelian, V.H. iii. 22,

Serv. on Aen. ii. 636.

Circeji. * Cajeta.

^99

LYCOPHRON

^LTwuLov T€ ^êvfia rod Kara xôvos

SvvovTOs els dc/iavTa Kevdficovos pddr],

Tjcoorrrjplov re kXltvv, evda irapdivov

arvyvov Tii^vXXrjs icrrlv olK7]TijpLOV,

ypwvcp êpedpu) avyKarr]p€(f)€S Gg-eyrjs. 128O

Tocraura jxev SvarXrjra TreiGovrai KUKaol rrjv ipLTjV fxeXXovres alarcooeiv Trdrpav.

Tt yap raXauvT] fjurjrpl rfj UpopbrjOecos

^VVOV 7T€(j)VK€ Kal TpO(j)cb Tiap7T7]S6vOS

,

as TTOVTOS "EAAt^'s" Kal Trerpai YiVpLTrXriydhes 1285

Kal TiaXpLvSr^Gos Kal KaKoêivos KXvhojv,

YiKvdaioi yeLTOJV, Kaprepois e'lpyei Trdyois,

Xipivrjv T€ repLVOJV Tdvals dKpaL(f)vrjs pueorjv

pelOpoLS oplêi, TTpOG^LXeardnqv ^porous

XipierXa MaiwraiGL dpiqvovGiv irohcbv. 1290

"OXoiVTO vavrai TTpcora K.apvtTaL Kvves,

ot TTjV ôcoTTLV TavpoTrdpdevov Koprjv

Aepvrjs dv-qpeii/javTO, (j)Oprr]yol Xvkol,

TrXdriv TTOpevaai Krjpa McjUcj^trry TTpopuo),

exdpcLS 8e TTvpoov fjpav 'qTreipots SLirXalg. 1295

avdis yap v^piv ttjv âpelav dpTrayijs

ViovpTJres dvriTTOivov 'ISatot Kdirpou

<* Lacus Fucinus.* The schol. says " Titon, a river of Italy near the river

Circaeus, which does not flow into the sea but is swallowedup by the earth.

"

" Apollo. '^ Cumae.« Asia, mother of Prometheus by lapetus (ApoUod. i. 8).

^ Europa, mother of the Cretan Sarpedon by Zeus.

Hellespont.^ The Euxine, i.e. Hospitable, previously called Axine,

i.e. Inhospitable.*' The river Don.^ The idea is that the water of the Don does not

mingle with the water of the sea. So Arrian, Periplus

600

ALEXANDRA

the Marsionid lake of Phorce** and the Titonian*stream of the cleft that sinks to unseen depthsbeneath the earthy and the hill of Zosterius/ whereis the grim dwelling ^ of the maiden Sibylla, roofed

by the cave:Fnous pit that shelters her.

So many are the woes, hard to bear, which theyshall suffer who are to lay waste my fatherland.

For what has the unhappy mother ^ of Prometheusin common with the nurse/ of Sarpedon .'^ Whomthe sea ^ of Helle and the Clashing Rocks and Salmy-dessus and the inhospitable ^ wave, neighbour to the

Scythians, sunder with strong cliffs and Tanais *

divides with his streams—Tanais who, undefiled,^

cleaves the middle of the lake ^ which is most dearto Maeotian men who mourn their chilblained feet.

My curse, first, upon the Carnite ^ sailor hounds !

the merchant wolves who carried off from Lernethe ox-eyed girl, the bull-maiden, to bring to thelord of Memphis a fatal bride, and raised the beaconof hatred for the two continents. For afterwards

the Curetes,"^ Idaean boars, seeking to avenge the

Eux. Pont. 8 says of the Phasis that iinirXet ry daXdcra-ri,

ovxl 8^ (rv/j./j,iyuvTaL.

* Lake Maeotis or Sea of Azov.^ The quarrel between Asia and Europe (Herod, i. 1 ff.)

began with the carrying off of lo, daughter of Inachus kingof Argos (Lerne), by the Phoenicians (Carna or Carnos is theport of Arados, Strabo 753). lo was turned into a cow byZeus, hence " bull-maiden. " She became wife of Telegonus,king of Egypt (Apollod. ii. 9), who is here " lord of Mem-phis "

; or, if lo is here equated with Isis, the lord ofMemphis will be Osiris.

"* The Cretans (Curetes) carried off Europa, daughter ofPhoenix, from Phoenicia (Sarapta or Sarepta, town on coastof Phoenicia) to become wife of Asterus, king of Crete. The"bull-formed vessel" rationalizes the myth that Zeus in

form of a bull carried Europa to Crete to become his bride.

601

LYCOPHRON

!X^jTOVvregy alxyôXcurov rjiXTTpevaav iropiv

€V ravpofJL6p(j)a) rpapunhos rvTrcofxaTL

HapaTTTiav At/era tov els avaKropov 1300

SdiJLapra Kp-qrrjg 'Acrrepo) GTparrjXdrr).

ou8' 6 y' dTTTjpKeadrjGav dvr lgojv taa

Xapovres, dXXd /cAcuTra orvv TevKpo) arparov

/cat avv S/ca/xavSpo) ApavKLO) (/jvroGTTopo)

els ê^pvKOJv eareiXav olKrjr-qpLOV, 1305

ofxivOoiGi Sr^plaovras, d)V dno airopas

ifjiovs yevdpxoiS eê(j>v(J€ AdpSavos,

yrjpias 'Aplapav Kpijaaav evyevrj KopT^v.

Kat Sevrepovs eTrepufiav "ArpaKas Xvkovs

ray<x> jJLOVOKprjTnhi KXeiJjovras vdKTjv, 1310

SpaKovro(f)povpoLS €(iKe7racrp,ei'r]v OKOiraZs.

OS els Kuratav rr]v Ai^varLKrjv pLoXcxyv,

Koi rov T€Tpd7iV7)v vSpov evvdaas Opovois,

Kal yvpd ravpcov âorrdaas TTvpiTTVocov

dporpa, Koi Xe^rjTL SairpevOels Se/xa?, 1315

ovK dapueviDs epâpipev ippdov ctkvXos,

dXX* avTOKXriTOV dpirdaas KepatSa,

TTjv yva)TOcf)6vTiv Kal reKvojv dXdaropa,

els TTjV XdXrjdpov Kiaaav rjppiarlâro,

cf)doyyrjv e8a)Xajv Xaovtrt/ccoi' drro X320

^poriqdiav Lelcrav, epLTratov SpopLcov.

" The Cretans sent an army to the Troad under Teucerand Scamandrus, who received an oracle bidding themsettle "wherever the earth-born (77;7ej'ers) should attackthem." This happened at Hamaxitos, where the "earth-born " proved to be a plague of field-mice which devouredthe leathern parts of their armour. So they abode there(Strabo 604). Arisba, daughter of Teucer, became wife ofDardanus, and thus ancestress of Cassandra.

* Trojans. '^ The voyage of the Argonauts.<* Thessalian, from Atrax in Thessaly Hestiaeotis.

602

ALEXANDRA

rape by their heavy deed of violence, carried off

captive in a bull-formed vessel the Saraptian heifer

to the Dictaean palace to be the bride of Asteros,

the lord of Crete. Nor were they contented whenthey had taken like for like ; but sent with Teucer «

and his Draucian father Scamandrus a raping armyto the dwelling-place of the Bebryces ^ to war with

mice ; of the seed of those men Dardanus begat

the authors of my race, when he married the noble

Cretan maid Arisba.

And second " they sent the Atracian ^ wolves to

steal for their leader of the single sandal ^ the fleece-^

that was protected by the watching dragon's ward.

He came to Libyan Cytaea ^ and put to sleep with

simples that four-nostrilled snake, and handled the

curved plough of the fire-breathing buUs,^ and hadhis own body cut to pieces in a caldron * and, not

joyfully, seized the hide of the ram. But the self-

invited crow ^ he carried off—her who slew her

brother ^ and destroyed her children ^—and set her

as ballast in the chattering jay^ which uttered a

mortal voice derived from Chaonian abode and well

knew how to speed.

« Jason (Find. P. iv.).

f The Golden Fleece.

In Colchis.'^ Find. P. iv. 224 if. ; ApoU. Rh. ill. 1284 ff.

* Medea renewed the youth of Jason by boiling him in amagic caldron.

' Medeia.* Apsyrtus.* When Jason married the daughter of Creon, king of

Corinth, Medea in revenge slew her own children by Jason."» The ship Argo, in which, while it was being built,

Athena inserted a piece of the oak of Dodona (henceChaonian), which gave it the gift of human speech and of

prophecy.

603

LYCOPHRON

IldXiV S' o irerpas aaKepas aveipvaas

Kol cjiacrydvov ôjGrrjpa /cat ii<j)os Trarpos,

6 ^TjfXLOV TTolSi TiKVpOS cS XvypOVS rd(j)OV£

Kprjfjbvojv €V€pd€V alyiXiijj poLôvfievcov 1325

TraAat Sok€V€l tols drapxvrovs pi(j)dsy

Gvv drjpl ^Xdjâs Tcp OTrdoavTi Srjlas

MvGTT] TpOTraias fxaarov evOrjXov deds,

â}aT7]poKX€7Trr]Sy velKog copLvev SittAow,

GTopvTjV T dpiipaas /cat Qef.uaKvpas oltto 1330

TT^J^ TOôSapLVOV VOG(j)lGa9 'OpdojGLav.

•^s at ^vvaupLOLy Trapdevoi NeTrTouvtSos",

"Eptv XiTTovGaiy AdypLov, rjSk Ti^Xapuov,

/cat x^vpia S€ppLa)SovTOs 'A/cratdi^ r' opos,

TTOLvds ddeXKTOVs 6* dpTTayds Si^^qpLcvat, 1335

VTTep KcXaLvov "larpov rjXacrav ^KvdasItTTTOVS, 6pLOKX7]T€LpaV l€tcrat ÔTjV

FpaLKOLGLV dpLvdpLOLs r€ TOis ^^pe-xdiojs.

/cat Trdcrav ÂKrrjV eêiropdrioav SopL,

roijs Moi/jOTTeLOVS aWaXcjaaaai yvag. 1340

YldTTTTOs Se QprjKTjg ovpuos alaraxjas TrAa/ca

Xc^poLV T 'EopScDv /cat FaAaSpatcuv irdBov,

opovs eiTTjêv dpi(j)l Hrjvetov ttotoZs,

GT€ppdv rpaxqXq) êvyXav dpLîdels TreSats",

« Theseus. For the legend see Introduction to Calli-

machus, HecaU.* Aegeus." Poseidon, who was said to be the real father of Theseus

(Bacchylid. 16).<* Theseus either threw himself from a cliff in Scyrus or

was pushed over by Lycomedes, king of the island. Hisbones were brought to Athens in 473 b.c. by Ciraon (Plut.

Thes. 35-36).^ Heracles, who was initiated in the Eleusinian mysteries

before he went to bring Cerberus from Hades.

604

ALEXANDRA

And again he " that took up from the rock his

father's ^ shoes and sword-belt and sword, the sonof Pliemius," on whose sad grave ^—whereto he washurled without funeral rites— steep Scyrus longkeeps watch beneath its hissing precipices—he wentwith the wild beast, the Initiate,^ who drew themilky breast of the hostile goddess Tropaea,^ andstole the belt^ and roused a double feud, taking

away the girdle and from Themiscyra carrying off

the archer Orthosia ^ ; and her sisters, the maidensof Neptunis,* left Eris, Lagmus and Telamus andthe stream of Thermodon and the hill of Actaeumto seek vengeance and relentless rape. Across thedark Ister ^ they drove their Scythian mares, shouting

their battle-cry against the Greeks and the descen-

dants of Erechtheus. And they sacked all Acte *

with the spear and laid waste with fire the fields

of Mopsopia.*

And my ancestor ^ laid waste the plain of Thraceand the country of the Eordi and the land of the

Galadraei, and fixed his bounds beside the waters

of Peneius, fettering them with a stern yoke laid

upon their necks, in battle a young warrior, most

* Hera, who by a trick was induced to give the breast to

Heracles (Died. iv. 9, Paus. ix. 25).

Hippolyte's girdle.^ The Amazon Antiope, here called Orthosia, a cult-title

of Artemis (Pind. 0. iii. 30).* The scholiast says this was a name of Hippolyte. Hol-

zinger takes it as a cult-name of Artemis from Nepete in

Etruria. The Amazons, in revenge for the expedition

against them of Heracles and Theseus, invade Attica.i Danube,* Attica.' Ilus, great-grandfather of Cassandra, invaded Thrace

and Macedonia ; cf. Herod, vii. 20 and 75.

605

LYCOPHRON

dXKfj veavSpos, iKTrpeTriararos yivovs.

7)8' dvrl Tovrojv rdppoOov p07]\dr7)v

Tov i^drrpv/JLVov, orrepcfyos ey)(XaLVOvpi€vov,

(jretAaCTa, XiGrpois alirvv rjpeupcv TrdyoVy

rov rj TTaXifK^pcDV Topyds iv KXrjpois decvv

Kadiepo}(j€iy 7T7]iJbdTCt)v dpxr)y€TLs.

Avdig Se KLpKoiy T/xcoAov e/cAeAotTTores"

Kt/xi/fov T€ /cat )(^pvG€pyd YiaKTCoXov irord,

Kai vdfJLa Xl/jlvt)?, evOa Tv(f)6jvo9 SdjJLap

KevdfjLOJVOs alvoXeKTpov ivSavei iJiV)^6v,

"AyvXXav AvGovLTLV elaeKcofiacrav,

SeiVTjV Aiyvarivoiai rols r d<j)* aipiaros

plâv yiydvTOJv TilOovcjov K€KTr)fievois

X6yxy]S iv VGfjLLvaLGL fjLLâvreg irdXrjv.

elXov Se Ylioav /cat SopiKTr^rov ^dovaTrdaav Kareipydaavro rrjv "OftjSpcov TriXas

Kai TiaXTTLCov ê^woav oxdrjpcov Trdycov.

AoZgOos S* eyeipei ypvvos dpxo.iav epiv,

TTvp €vSov rjSr] to irplv i^dirrcov (pXoyi,

€7T€L HeXaayovs etSe 'Pw8a/co{» ttotwv

KpcoGGOLcnv dOveioLGL ^dipavra? ydvos.

T) S' avOis olarpTjaaaa TLfxcjopovfievrj

TpLTrXds TerpaTrAas" ai/rirto-crat pXdâs,TTOpdoVGa X^P^S dvTLTTOpdjJLOV fiova.

« Europe sends Heracles to sack Troy.* Reference to the oxen of Geryon." Horn. IL V. 640 if. (Heracles) 6's wore 8evp' eXdwu evex

I'ttttwj' Aaojji^SovTos\ ^| olrjs aOv vrjvai . • .

|'IXiov dâXdwaê

tt&Xlp,

^ The skin of the Nemean lion." Hera.' Tyrrhenians from Lydia come to Etniria.^ Echidna.^ The Pelasgians.

606

ALEXANDRA

eminent of his race. And she ° in return for these

things sent her champion, the driver of the oxen,^

him of the six ships/ robed in a hide/ and laid in

ruins with the spade their steep hill ; and him shall

Gorgas/ changing her mind, consecrate in the estate

of the gods, even she that was the prime moverin his woes.

And in turn the falcons/ set forth from Tmolusand Cimpsus and the gold-producing streams of

Pactolus and the waters of the lake where the

spouse ^ of Typhon couches in the hidden recess

of her dread bed, and rioted into Ausonian Agylla

and in. battles of the spear joined terrible wrestling

with the Ligurians and them'^ who drew the root

of their race from the blood of the Sithonian * giants.

And they took Pisa and subdued all the spear-won

land that stands near the Umbrians and the highcliffs of the Salpians.^

And, last, the fire-brand'^ wakens the ancient

strife, kindling anew with flame the ancient fire

that already slept since she ^ saw the Pelasgians '"^

dipping alien pitchers in the bright waters of

Rhyndacus.*'^ But the other ^ in turn in a frenzy

of revenge shall repay the injury threefold and four-

fold, laying waste the shore of the land across

the sea.

* Sithonia and Pallene, the middle and southern spurs of

«. Chalcidice, are the home of the giants ; cf. 1406 f.

^ Unknown. Some suppose the reference is to theAlps. Holzinger takes it as = the SdXuej or Salvii in N.W.Etruria.

* Paris.' Asia.*" Argonauts." River in Mysia." Europe sends the Greeks against Troy.

607

LYCOPHRON

UpaJros /xev rjêi Zt^vi tco AairepaLCp

oficovvfios 7.€vs, 0£ KaraLpdrrjs /jloXwv 1370

crK7]7rra) TTvpojaeu Trdvra Svcrfxevajv oraQjJLa.

avv J) OavovfJiai, kolv veKpoZs (TTpco(f)OjfJL€V7]

rd XoLtt* aKovGOJ ravd' , d vvv fjueXXaj OpoeZv.

*0 Sevrepos Si, rod Treâcr/xeVou KeXcop

iv djJLcjtLpXrjcrTpois IAAotto? puvvSov Slktjv, 13

KaraidaXa)(J€L yaiav odveiav, aoXojv

)(^pr)(TfJLOLS ^larpov avv TroXvyXcootrcp arparcp,

Tplro? 8', dvaKTOS rod SpvrjKOTTOV yovog,

rr)V revxoTrXdanv irapdevov Bpayx'^cri'OLi'

napaioXiâ? ^coXov €p.7Te(j)Vppiivriv_ 13

vaafiol? opeâi rep Kcxprjpievcp Sdvog,

G^payiha heXrcp SaKrvXojv echappôaai,

(^deipdJv opeiav vdaacrai pLovapxi'dVy

rov TTpajrop^Lcrdov Kdpa SrjcoGas arparov,

orav Kopr] Kaacjpls €L9 eTreiaiov 13

xX€vr]V vXaKriâaora KiqKdGrj ydfxov^

vvp,(l)€La TTpos KrjXcoGrd Kap^dvcx)v reXetv.

<* Agamemnon, in reference to cult of Zeus-Agamemnonin Sparta. Lapersios consequently is here transferred fromthe Dioscuri (see 511) to Zeus. The real meaning of this

word is of course very obscure.^ Orestes, son of Agamemnon, occupies Aeolis." Apollo.'^ Reference to popular derivation of AloXeh from al6\os,

" varied."« Neleus founds Miletus in Ionia.

^ Codrus, the last king of Athens. The Peloponnesians,invading Attica, were told by the Delphic oracle that theywould be successful if they did not kill the Athenian king.

This becoming known to the Athenians, Codrus disguisedhimself and went out of the city gates to gather firewood.

Picking a quarrel with two enemy scouts, he slew one and

608

ALEXANDRA

First there shall come a Zeus " who bears thename of Zeus Lapersios ; who shall come withswooping thunderbolt to burn all the habitations

of the foe. With him shall I die, and when I flit

among the dead I shall hear these further thingswhich I am about to utter.

And, second,* the son of him that was slain in

a net, like a dumb fish, shall lay waste with fire

the alien land, coming, at the bidding of the oracles

of the Physician," with a host of many tongues.^

And third, the son^ of the woodcutter king/beguiling the potter maiden ^ of Branchidae to give

him in his need earth mixed with water, wherewithto set on a tablet his finger-seal, shall found the

mountain monarchy of the Phtheires,^ when he has

destroyed the host of the Carians—the first to fight

for hire *—what time his wanton daughter ^ shall

abuse her nakedness and say in mockery of marriagethat she will conclude her nuptials in the brothels

of barbarians.*

was himself slain by the other, thus saving his country.Lycurgus, Contra Leocrat. 84 ff.

" Neleus was told by an oracle to found his city where heshould first receive " earth and water," At Branchidae nearMiletus he asked a potter maid for some clay (the so-called

terra sigillata or 717 AtjimvLo) for a seal. She gave him themoist ciay, thus giving him " earth and water."

* ^deipQu 6pos (Homer, 11. ii. 868), near Miletus.* Cf, Archiloch. fr. 30 (Hiller) Kal drj 'iriKovpos Cbare Kap

KeKXT^crofiai.

* Neleus received at Delphi an oracle which bade him" go to the golden men " {i.e. the Carians, cf. II. ii. 872) andthat " his daughter would show him." Returning to AthensiJKovae TT/S dvyarpos yvfivijs TvirTO'Jcrrjs rb iireicnov Kal Xeyovarjs'

At'feo (xev yudXa is daXepbv irbaLv ^ is 'Adrjvas t) is MIXtjtovKard^u} irrjfiaTa Kapal. Cf. E.M. s.v. daeXyaipeiu.

* Carians.

2r 609

LYCOPHRON

Oc 8* av reraproi rrjs AvfJiavTeLOV anopas,

AaKfJLCJVLOL T€ /Cttt KuTtVatOt KoSpOi,

ot Siypov oIktioovgi Tidrviov t opos, 1390

/cat )(€pa6vrj(jov rod TrdXac XrjKrrjplav

dea K.vpLra Trdp.Trav iarvyrjfjLevov,

T7J£ iravTOixopôv âaadpas XapLTrovpihos

roKTJos, -j^t' aX<f>aZGi rats Kad^ rjixepav

BovTreivav aXdaiveoKev a/c/xatav Trarpos, 1395

odveZa yarojJLOVVTOs AWcovog Trrepd.

*0 Opu^ S', dSeXcfyov alpia rifiwpoviJLevos,

TToAtv Tidrjvov avrLTTopdrjaei "xdova

rod V€KpordyoVy rds dOwTrevrovs St/ca?

ÔiroiGL pjjrpevovros darepyeX rpoircp. 1400

OS hri TTor* dfJL(f)a)8ovros i^ aKpcjv Xo^cjv

Ôipaas KvêXXa KaXXvvel TvapcorlSas

,

SanraXs nrvaKcov alpLOTTcLraLaiv (f)6ôv.

rep irdaa OAeypa? afa SovXcoOtâreraL

SpafJLpovala re Setpdg -r] r irrdKnos 1405

uropdvy^ Tirojvos at re TilOovcdv TrXdKes

IlaXXr]Via r dpovpa, rrjv 6 ôvKepoJS

Bpvxojv XnraiveLy yy]yev(hv vrrrjperrjs.

rioAAojv 8' ivaXXd^ 7rr][Jidrwv dirdpêrai

KavSatos" t) Ma/uepros", r^ ri XPV f<(^Xelv 1410

rov alixo^vproLS iarLcofJLevov /xa;âts';

<* Lycophron now passes to Dorian settlements in Asia,founded by Dorians from N. Greece.

** Dymas, Pamphylus, and Hyllus were the eponyms ofthe three Dorian tribes—Dymanes, PamphyU, and Hylleis.

" Codrus {cf. 1378 n.) here merely= " ancient.

"

'^ In N.W.'Thessaly. " In Doris.^ Unknown places in Caria. " The Cnidian Chersonese.^ Erysichthon, see Callim. H. vi. ; Ovid, M. viii. 738 n.* Demeter.

- ' Mestra, daughter of Erysichthon, got from Poseidon the

610

ALEXANDRA

And theiij again^ the fourth/ of the seed ofDyinas, ^ the Codrus-ancients " of Lacmon ^ andCytina ^—who shall dwell in Thigros f and the hill

of Satnion^ and the extremity of the peninsula^,.of

him ^ who of old was utterly hated by the goddessCyrita *

: the father of the crafty vixen ^ who bydaily traffic assuaged the raging hunger of hersire—even Aethon/ plougher of alien shires.

And the Phrygian,^ avenging the blood of his

brothers,"* will sack again the land ^^ that nursed theruler*' of the dead, who in loveless wise pronouncesrelentless judgement on the departed. He^ shall spoil

the ears of the ass, lobes and all, and deck his

temples, fashioning a terror for the ravenous blood-

suckers.* By him all the land of Phlegra shall be en-

slaved and the ridge of Thrambus and spur of Titon

by the sea and the plains of the Sithonians andthe fields of Pallene, which the ox-horned Brychon,*"

who served the giants, fattens with his waters.

And many woes, on this side and that alternately,

shall be taken as an offering by Candaeus* or

Mamertus *—or what name should be given to himwho banquets in gory battles ?

gift of assuming whatever form she pleased. When herfather, in order to get the means of satisfying his hunger,sold her in one form, she returned in another to be sold

again (Ovid, M. I.e.). '^ = Erysichthon.' Midas who, according to Lycophron, invades Thrace

and Macedonia.'" Trojans. " Europa. " Minos.p Midas, in a musical contest between Pan and Apollo,

gave unasked his verdict against Apollo, who, in revenge,gave him the ears of an ass, to hide which Midas inventedthe tiara (Ovid, M. xi. 180 f. " Ille quidem celat turpiqueonerata pudore Tempora purpureis tentat velare tiaris ").

3 i.e. flies. *" River in Pallene (Hesych.). « Ares.

611

LYCOPHRON

Ov fiav VTTelêi y 7] ^TnfjLrjdeaJs roKag,

aAA' dvrl TToivrcov Hepaeojs eVa anopasCTTcAet yiyavra, rco OdXaaaa fiev ârrj

Treô) TTor' earac, yij 8e vavadXajdnjaerai

p-qcrorovrL TrrjSots ;^€/ocrov. ol Se Aa(f)pLas

oIkol Mafjiepaas, 'ÔaXcofjuevoi (j)Xoyl

avv KaXivoLGi reixâjv TTpopXrip,aaiy

Tov xp''^^P'oX€(7X'r}v aLTidorovraL ^Xd^rj^,

ipaLvvvda deairitôvTa YiXovrcjvos Xdrpiv. 145

crrparcp S' ajxiKTCp Trdaa puev ^pcoOrjcreraif

(f)XoicoTLV €KSvvovaa StVAaAca aK€7Trjv,

Kap7Torp6(f)Os Spv5 dypcds r' opeidaXijg,

diras S' dvavpojv vaapuos avavd-qGerai,

XOLvSov KeXaivrjv hiijjav alovajfJLevcxjv. 1425

KVcfyeXXa S' lojv rrjXodev poitôvpuivaiv

VTTcp Kdpa GrrjGovuiy YsîfxtJiepos 6* OTTOts,

GKid KaXvipei 7T€ppaVy djJL^Xvvojv aeXag.

AoKpov 8' oTToXa TTavpov dvdrjGas poSov,

Kal Trdvra (jyXeâs, (ZaT€ KdyKavov ardxvv, 1430

aunts' TTaXijjLTrXcjToio yevaerai ^vyrjSi

fxoGGVva <j>7]y6T€VKTOV, COS XvKoijjiav

KopT] Kve(j>aiav, ay;^t TrapLcfyaXayfJuevos,

Xo^XKi^Xdrcp KV(x)Sovri SeijJLarovpLdvr].

UoXXol 8' dycoves /cat (hovoL pLtraiX/uoL 1435

XvorovGLV dvSpcov ol puev iv yaia^ irdXas

SeLvatdLV dpxoXs dpLîhripicopiivciyv

y

ol 8' iv piera<j)pevoL(yi ôvarp6(f)OLg ^j^^ôws",

ecu? dv aWcov evvdarj âpvv kXovov,

diT* AlaKov re Karro AapSdvov yeyws 1440

^ One expects *' on the sea," but no satisfactory emenda-tion has been proposed.

<* Asia. * Xerxes.

612

ALEXANDRA

Yet the mother'* of Epimetheus shall not yield,

but in return for all shall send a single giant ^ of

the seed of Perseus, who shall walk over the sea

on foot and sail over the earth/ smiting the dry

land with the oar. And the shrines of Laphria

Mamerse ^ shall be consumed with fire together with

their defence of wooden walls/ and shall blame for

their hurt the prater of oracles, the false prophesying

lackey-^ of Pluto. By his unapproachable host every

fruit-bearing oak and wild tree flourishing on the

mountain shall be devoured, stripping off its double

covering of bark,* and every flowing torrent shall

be dried up,'^ as they slake with open mouth their

black thirst. And they shall raise overhead clouds of

arrows hurtling from afar, whose shadow shall obscure

the sun, like a Cimmerian darkness * dimming the sun.

And blooming for a brief space, as a Locrian rose,^' andburning all things like withered ear of corn, he shall

in his turn taste of homeward fliglft, glancing fearfully

towards the oaken bulwark hard at hand, even as agirl in the dusky twilight frightened by a brazen sword.

And many contests and slaughters in betweenshall solve the struggles of men, contending for

dread empire, now on land, now on the plough-turned backs of earth, until a tawny lion *—sprungfrom Aeacus and from Dardanus, Thesprotian at

* Reference to the bridging of the Hellespont and thecanal through Athos.

'^ Athena on the acropolis at Athens. « Herod, viii. 51.^ Apollo is here the servant of Pluto because his oracle

causes death to the defenders of the Acropolis.s Herod, viii. 115. ^ Herod, vii. 21. » Od. xi. 1-^19.^ Pollux v. 103 pbdov vapetals (pvre^ei, avdojpbv avdovv koI

daTTov airavdovv Kara to Aonpov. It is the type of that whichis fleeting.

* For this passage see Introduction, pp. 483 f.

613

LYCOPHRON

SecTTTpajros aii(f)0) kol XaAao-rpatos" Xeojv,

7Tp7]vrj 6^ ofJialfJLCOV Trdvra Kvircjoas So/aov

dvayKaar] TTTiqâvras Âpyeiojv Trpofiovs

arjvat TaXdSpos rov GTarrjXdrrjV Xvkov

Kal GKTJTTTp* opiâi TTJs TTCtAat fxovap')(ias

.

CO Srj fied* €KTr]v yevvav avdalfjucov ifJLog

eh TLS TToXaiGrriSi GVjxâXcbv dXKTjv Sopos

TTOVTOV re koL yijs Kels StaAAayas* fJLoXcoVy

TTpeajSiGTOs iv (jyiXoioiv VfjivrjOTJaeraL,

GKvXcov dirapxas rds hopiKrrjrov£ Xa^cov.

Tt fjiaKpd rXripLCJv els dvTjKoovs irerpas,

els KVfxa KCO(j)6vy els vdiras SaaTrXrjrLSas

Pavt,oj, Kevov ijjdXXovua pudaraKos Kporov

;

TTiGTiv yap rji^Lcov Aeiffievs evoGîGe,

i/jevSrjyopoLs ^rjpiaiGLV ey)(pLGas e7T7],

Kal 6eG(f)dra)V TrpopLavriv di/jevSrj ^poviVy

XeKTpojv Greprjdels (Lv eKdXxcitvev tvx^lv.

OrjGei 8* dXrjdrj. gvv KaKW Se rts pLadcov,

or ovhev ecrrat p^rjxos coêXelv irdrpaVy

TTjV cfyoLôXrjTTTOV alveGei x^Xihova.

Tocrcj' Tjyopeve, /cat TraXiGGvros ttoglv

e)8ati^€v elpKTTJs evros. iv 8e Kaphia

Tietpyjvos eGTevaê XoLgOlov p.eXos,

K^Xdpov Mt/xaAAcuv, ^ MeXayKpaipas kottls

NrjGOVs dvyarpos, rj tl Olklov repas,

eXiKTOL KcariXXovGa hvG^pdGrms enr].

eyd) Se Xoôv rjXOov dyyeXXa>v, dva^,

* Apollo, who gave to Cassandra the gift of prophecy,but so that no one believed her prophecies.

«" Aesch. Ag. 1208 f.

" Cassandra. The swallow is the type of unintelligiblespeech (Aesch. Ag. 1050, Aristoph. Ran. 93).

614

ALEXANDRA

once and Chalastraean— shall lull to rest thegrievous tumult^ and, overturning on its face all

the house of his kindred_, shall compel the chiefs

of the Argives to cower and fawn upon the wolf-

leader of Galadra, and to hand over the sceptre

of the ancient monarchy. With him, after six

generations, my kinsman, an unique wrestler, shall

join battle by sea and land and come to terms, andshall be celebrated among his friends as mostexcellent, when he has received the first fruits ofthe spear-won spoils.

Why, unhappy, do I call to the unheeding rocks,

to the deaf wave, and to the awful glades, twangingthe idle noise of my lips ? For Lepsieus " has takencredit from me, daubing with rumour of falsity mywords and the true prophetic wisdom of my oracles,

for that he was robbed of the bridal which hesought to win.^ Yet will he make my oracles true.

And in sorrow shall many a one know it, when there

is no means any more to help my fatherland andshall praise the frenzied swallow."

So^ much she spake, and then sped back andwent within her prison. But in her heart she

wailed her latest Siren song—like some Mimallon

of Claros^ or babbler of Melancraera,/ Neso's

daughter, or Phician monster,^ mouthing darkly

her perplexed words. And I came, O King, to

'^ Here begins the Epilogue, spoken by the slave whowatched Cassandra.

« MifiaWcbv is properly a Bacchant ; here " Mimallon of

Claros " (famous for cult of Apollo) means merely frenzied

prophetess ; cf. Eustath. , Dion. Per. 445 Kai irapa r($ Avko-

(ppovt. T] Ka<T(rdy5pa KXdpov Mi/iaXcbv X^yeraL, tovt^otc ^aKXV Kai

fiduTis KXapia.f Sibyl (of Cumae), daughter of Dardanus and Neso.9 Sphinx ; cf. ^Xk 6\o-f}v, Hes. Th. 326.

615

LYCOPHRON

aol rovSe fxvdov irapOevov (f)OLpaarpLas,

€77-et /x' era^as <j)v\aKa Xatvov ariyrjg

/cat TTOLvra (j)pdt,€iv /cdvaTre/XTra^ctv Xoyov \^10

iTYjTVfJLCog aijjoppov ayrpwas rpox^'V.

SaipLCOV Se c/y'qpiag elg to Xcoov e/cSpajLtetv

rev^€L€V, ooTTrep aojv irpoK'qSeTaL dpovcov,

Gco^ojv iraXaiOLV BejSpu/ccov TrayKXrjpLav.

616

ALEXANDRA

announce to thee this the crooked speech of themaiden prophetess, since thou didst appoint me to

be the warder of her stony dwelHng and didst chargeme to come as a messenger to report all to thee andtruly recount her words. But may God turn her

prophecies to fairer issue— even he that cares for

thy throne, preserving the ancient inheritance of

the Bebryces."

« Trojans.

617

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES

A. =Aratns, Phaenomeim.Ait. =Aitia of Callimachus.Ber. = Coma Berenices.

C.= Callimachus, Hymns.E.= Callimachus, Epigravris.

F. = Fragmenta Callimachi incertae sedis.H. — Hecale of Callimachus.I. — Iambi of Callimachus.L. — Lycophron, Alexandra,

Abae, L. 1074Abantes, C. iv. 288Abantias = Buboea, C. iv. 20Acacesius, Hermes, C. iii. 143Acamas, L. 494 ff., L. 501 fi".

Acanthus, E. xi. 1

Aceson, E. Iv. 2

Acestoridae, C. v. 34Achaean, A. 37, C. iii. 281, iv. 100,

V. 13, L. 989Achelous, L. 671, 712, C. vi. 13,

E. xxxi. 1. 3Acheron, L. 90, 411Acherusian Lake, in Campania,

L. 695AchUles, L. 175, C. ii. 20Acontiadae, Ait. iii. 1. 52Acontius, Ait. iii. 1. 26, etc.

Acrisius, E. xi. 3Actaeon, Hill of, i.e. Mt. Athos, L.

1334Actaeon, C. v. 109Acte, i.e. Attica, L. Ill, 504, 1339Actorion, s. of Polyxo, C. vi. 79Admetus, C. ii, 49Adrasteia, C. i. 47Aea, the land of Aeetes, i.e. Colchis,

L. 1024Aeacus, gf. of Achilles, L. 860Aeetes, L. 1023 ff.

Aegaeon= Poseidon, L. 135, F. 103

Aegean Sea, C. iv. 317, L. 402, F. 11Aegeste, t. in Sicily, L. 964 ff.

Aegestes, L. 961 ff.

Aegeus, L. 494, 1322Aegialeia, L. 612 ff.

Aegialus, C. iv. 73Aegilon, isle between Cythera and

Crete, L. 108Aegina (Oenone), L. 175, E. xx. 3Aegletes, F. 9

Aegoceros, Capricorn, A. 284, 286,

292, 316, 386, 501, 538, 547, 684,

689, 702Aegoneia, t. in Malis, L. 903Aegyptus (Egypt), C. iii. 171Aegys, town in Laconia, L. 850Aeneas, L. 1234 ff.

Aenus, t. in Thrace, E. Ixii. 1

Aeolian (1) Smyrna in Aeolis, E.vi. 12; (2) Canace, daughter ofAeolus, C. vi. 99 ; cf. F. 59

Aesacus, L. 86, 224 ff.

Aesarus, t. in Italy near Croton,L. 911

Aeschra, E. Ii. 1

Aeschylus, E. Iviii. 2

Aethalia, now Elba, L. 50, 871 ff.

Aethices, a tribe of Epirus, L. 802Aethiopian, C. iv. 208Aethiops, Zeus, L. 537Aethon(l)=Erysichthon, L. 1396,

619

INDEX

C, vi. 67; (2)= Odysseus (who in

Horn. Od. xix. 183 says falsely,

iixoi 5' ovofia Kkvrov AlQoiv), L. 432Aethra, L. 501 ff.

A ethyia= Athena, L. 359Aetna, C. iii. 5(5, iv. 141Aetolians, L. 623, 671, 1000, 1056Aetus, Aquila, The Eag]e, N. con-

stellation, A. 315 (derived fromaij/oii, to blow), 522, 591, 691

Agamemnon, C. iii. 263, 288, L.

209, 1099 fr., 1116 ff., 1371 ff.;

worshipped as Zeus at Sparta,L. 335, 1124, 1370

Agapenor, L. 479 ff.

Agesilas, by-name of Hades, C. v.

130 (Athen. 99 b koI Alo-xvAos tov"AiSrjv 'A.yri<rC\aov (el;re))

Agoranax,Rhodian dramatist, E. 1.

1

Agrisca= Athena as goddess ofagi'iculture, L. 1152

Agylla = Caere, t. in Etruria, L.1241, 1355

Aias (1) s. of Telamon, half-brotherof Teucer, L. 452 ff. ; derivationof Aias from aleros eagle, L. 461

;

(2) s. of Oileus (Ileus) Locrian,L. 357, 1150; (3)==Aous, r. inEpirus, L. 1020

Aix, The Goat, Capella, a Aurigae,A. 157, 163, 164, 679, 718. Seealso Heniochus

Alae (Halae), Araphenides, C. iii. 173Alaenus.h.b. of Diomedes, L. 619ff.Alaeus = Apollo, L. 920Alalcomenae, L. 786Alentia= Aphrodite, L. 868Ales, r. near Colophon, L. 425Aletiadai= Corinthians, P. i.

Alexandra = Cassandra, L. 30Alcides = Heracles, C. iii. 145Alcmene, L. 33, 935Almopia, t. in Macedonia, L. 1238Aloetis = Athena, L. 936Althaenus, r. in Calabria, L. 1053Amaltheia, C. i. 49 ; v. AixAmantia, L. 1043Amazons, L. 1332 ff., C. iii. 237Amnisus, C. iii. 15, 162Amoebeus = Poseidon, L. 617Ampheira= Athena, L. 1163Amphibaeus= Poseidon, L. 749Amphilochus, L. 439 ff.

Amphipolis, E. xxvi. 1

620

Amphissa, t. in Locris, L. 1074Amphitryon, L. 935

Amphrysus, L. 900, C. ii. 48

Arayclae, Ait. iii. 1. 24 ; Amyclaeantomb= tomb of Aphareus, L. 559

Amymone, C. v. 48Amyntor, L. 421 ff.

Anaphe, F. 9

Anaurus, (1) r. in Thessaly, C. iv.

103 ; (2) r. in Arcadia, C. iii. 101Anchises, L. 965, 1265Andromeda, d. of Cepheus,L. 836 ff.;

as N. constellation, A. 189, 230,

234, 246, 354, 484, 629, 647, 705Anemoreia, t. in Phocis (Hom. 11.

ii. 521), L. 1073Angaesi, tribe in Daunia, L. 1058Anius, L. 570 ff.

Ancaeus, (1) Arcadian, f. of Aga-penor, killed by boar in theCalydonian hunt, L. 486-90; (2)

s. of Zeus (or Poseidon) and Asty-paleia, king of Samos, C. iv. 50.

Cf. L. 488 ff.

Antenor, Trojan, h. of Theano,sister ofHecabe ; host of Odysseusand Menelaus when they came toTroy to ask the restoration ofHelen before the War (Hom. II.

iii. 205), and subsequently heurged the surrender of Helen(Hom. II. vii. 347 ff.). Hisfriendly attitude to the Greeks("Troianae suasorem Antenorapacis," Ovid, F. iv. 75) led laterto charges of treachery ; opensdoor of wooden horse and lightsthe way for the Greeks, L. 340 ff.

Anthedon, town in Boeotia (II. ii.

5C8), L. 754Antheus, L. 134.

Anticleia, m. of Odysseus bySisyphus, L. 344; companion ofArtemis, C. iii. 211.

Anubis, F. 152Aonia, i.e. Boeotia, C. iv. 75

;

Aonians = Boeotians, L. 1209AorUos Limne= Lacus Avernus inCampania, L. 704 ff.

Aoiis, Auas, Aias, r. in Epirus,rising in Mt. Lacmon, L. 1020

Apellis, E. Ivi. 3

Aphareus, s. of Perieres, f. of Idasand Lynceus (Pind. N. x. 65,

INDEX

'A<|)ap)7Ti5ai) ; grave at Amyclae,L. 559

Aphrodite, m. of Eryx, L. 867, 958,of Aeneas, L. 1234, E. xxxix. 1

Apidanians, Arcadians, C. i. 14Apollo, passimApsynthians, Thracian tribe, L. 418Apsyrtus, s. of Aeetes, nepliew ofGlaucus and Cassiphone, L. 811,killed by his sister Medeia, L. 1318

Araethus, F. 60Araphenides. See AlaeAratthus, r. of Ajnbracia, L. 409Aratus, E. xxix. 4Archilochus, F. 75Archinns (1) Cretan, E. xxxvi. 2;

(2) E. xliii. 1

Areion, I. 11

Arenta= Aphrodite, L. 832Ares, C. i. 77, iv. 58, 64, 133, 173,

277, L. 249, 518; c/. Candaeus,Candaon, Mamertus

Arges, one of the Cyclopes, C. iii. 68Argo, ship of the Argonauts ; as

S. constellation, A. 342, 348, 504,604, 610, 686

Argos, C. iv. 73, v. 45, 54, 138, 140,

L. 151, 614, 1293, Ait. i. 2, F. 6Argyrlnni, tribe in Bpirus, L. 1017Argyrippa, t. in Daunia foundedby Dioniedes, L. 592

Ariadne, A. 72Aries. See RamArimaspi, C. iv. 291

Ariminas, E. xv. 1

Arisba, d. of Teucer, w, of Dar-danus, L. 1308

Aristaeus (1) s. of Apollo andCyrene, f. of Actaeon by Autonoed. of Cadmus, C. v. 108; ZeusAristaeus, Ait. iii. 1. 34; (2)Cretan, E. xiii. 2

Aristoteles = Battus, founder ofCyrene, C. ii. 76

Arcadia, birth-place of Zeus, C. i. 7,

home of Pan, C. iii. 88, C. i. 20,iii. 220, iv. 70, F. 32

Arcadians, acorn-eating ; sons of theoak, their ancestor Areas ha\ingespoused a Dryad Chrysopeleia

;

at Troy under Agapenor, L. 479 ff.

Arcasides, i.e. descendant of

Areas, i.e. lasius, g.g.g.s. of

Areas, C. iii. 88

Arcti, the Greater (Helice) andLesser (Cynosuia) Bears ; UrsaMajor and Ursa Minor, alsocalled the "Ajito^ai, Wains, A. 27

;

Helice (Callisto) and Cynosurawere daughters of Lycaon, Kingof Arcadia, C. i. 41, who wereturned into bears and suckledthe infant Zeus in Crete, and, asa reward, were set among thestars, A. 30 ff. The Greeks steerby Helice, the Phoenicians byCynosura, A. 37 fl". (c/. Callim. I,

1. 120, and Straboi. 3), A. 48, 51,93, 140, 182, 227, 652, 723

Arctophylax^ Bootes, N. constella-tion, A. 92, 579, 721

Arcturus, the brightest star ofArctophylax, A. 95, 405, 407,609, 745

Arne, t. in Boeotia (Horn. iT.iii.

507), L. 644Ameius, Arneid, Ait. i. 2. 1-2

Arsinoe, d. of Ptolemy I. (Soter)and Berenice, wife of her brotherPtolemy Philadelphus, wor-shipped after her death asAphrodite Zephyritis (from thepromontory Zephyrium nearAlexandria : to Z^^vpiov, aicpa

vatfTKOv exov<ra 'Apcrii'dTjs 'A0po-fiiTT/s, Strabo xvii. 800, Athen.vii. 318), E. vi. 1. 8, F. 55

Artemis, A. 637, 644, C. i. 78, ii.

60, iii. passim, iv. 229, v. 110,B. xxxv. 1, Ixiii. 2, Ait. iii. 1. 22

Asbystae, a people in Cyrenaica(Herod, iv. 170 tf.), L. 893-906;hence Asbystian land =C}Tenaica,C. ii. 75 ; stream of Asbystes=Nile, L. 848, Ait. i. 5

Asclepius, s, of Apollo and Coronis,f. of Podaleirius and Machaon,L. 1048-1054, E. Iv. 1

Asopus, r. in Boeotia, f. of Aegina,Thebe, etc., C. iv. 78

Assyrian river. The, i.e. theEuphrates (c/. O.T. Deuteron. i.

7), C. ii. 108Astacus, son of, a Cretan, E. xxiv.

(ter)

Asteria, sister of Leto, to avoidZeus turned into a quail (oprv^)

and was then turned into a stone

62J

INDEX

by Zeus, L. 401, and thus becamethe island of Delos (formerly

Ortygia, Asteria), C. iv. 37, 40,

197, 224, 225, 244, 300, 316Asterus (Asterius), King of Crete,

to whom Europa is given as

bride, L. 1301Astraeus, f. of Dice or Justice, A. 98.

Atalanta, d. of lasius (lasion), w.of Melanion, C. iii. 215

Atarneus, t. in Mysia oppositeLesbos. E. i. 1

Ate Hill or Hill of Doom, L, 29Athamas, s. of Aeolus, f. of Phrixusand Helle ; after Helle is namedthe Hellespont, L. 1285, Ait.

ii, 5

Athena (Athenaea), C. v. 35, 51, 79,

vi. 75, A. 529, Ait. i. 8

Athos, mt. in Chalcidice, L. 1334

;

canal dug through it by Xerxes(Herod, vii. 22 ff.), L. 1415

Atintanes, tribe on the Aoiis in

Epirus (Strabo vii. 326), L. 1044Atlas, f. of Electra, L. 72, andCalypso, L. 744, g.f. of Dardanus,L. 72, g.g.f. of Prylis, L. 221

Atrax, t. in Thessaly (Strabo ix,

438, etc.), L. 1309, F. 135Attica (Acte), L. Ill, 504, 1339;(Mopsopia), L. 1340

Auge, d. of Aleus and Neaera, towhom Mt. Parthenium in Arcadiawas sacred, C. iv. 70

Aulis, in Boeotia on the Euripus,where the Greek fleet assembledon the way to Troy, and whereIphigeneia was sacrificed ; c/.

L. 202 ff., 195 AT.

Auriga. See HeniochusAusigda, t. in Cyrenaica, L. 885Ausonian== Italian, L. 44, 593, 615,

702, 922, 1047, 1355Autonoe, d. of Cadmus, m. ofActaeon, C. v. 107

Avernus. See AornosAxeinos Pontus, i.e. the Euxine orBlack Sea, L. 1286

Azania.districtin N.-W. Arcadiaandso Arcadia generally, C. iii. 235

Azilis (Aziris), in Libya, wherethe Greeks from Thera settledbefore founding Cyrene (Herod.iv. 157), C. ii. 89

622

Bacchus, E. ix. 2

Baius, L. 694Balearides. See GymnesiaeBasilo, E. xxii. 2

Bathycles, I. 1. 103Battiadae= Cyrenaeans, C. ii. 96Battus, s. of Polymnestus of Thera,founder of Cyrene, C. ii. 65

Bears, The. See ArctiBebryces, mythical people ofBithynia, then= Trojans, L. 516,

1305, 1474Bephyrus, r. in Macedonia, L. 274Berecynthian = Phrygian, C. iii. 246Berenice, d. of Lagos, av. ofPtolemy

I., m. of Arsinoe, deified afterher death, E. Iii. 3 ; Ber. 1, 5

Bia= Athena, L. 520Bisaltii, Thracian tribe, L. 417Bistones, Thracian tribe, L. 418Blame. See MemosBoagidas= Heracles, L. 652Boagrios, r. near Thronion in

Locris, L. 1146Boarmia= Athena, L. 520Bocarus, r. in Salamis, L. 451Boedromios = Apollo, C. ii. 69Bombyleia = Athena, L. 786Bootes = Arctophylax, A. 92, 96,

136, 581, 608Boreas, North wind, A. 25 andpassim, C. iii. 114, iv. 26, 65, 281,293, L. 898; cave of Boreas inThrace, C. iv. 65

Boreigonoi, "a tribe in Italy"(schol.), as if Northmen, possiblywith reference to Aborigines,L. 1253

Brennus, F. 126Briares (Briareos), C. iv. 143Brilesos, F. 50Brimo= Hecate, L. 1176Bringer of Light, or Torch- bearer,

epithet of Artemis, C. iii. 11 and204

Britomartis, nymph of Gortyn inCrete, d. of Zeus and Carme,beloved by Artemis, C. iii, 190,also called by the CretansDictynna, C. iii. 198, who alsocalled Artemis herself by thesame names, C. iii. 205

Brontes, one of the Cyclopes, C.iii. 75

INDEX

Brychon, r. in Pallene, L. 1407 f.

Budeia= Athene, L. 359Bulaius = Zeus, L. 435Bupalus, I. 1. 95Bura, in Achaea, C. iv. 102, L. 586

ff.

Byblus, t. in Phoenicia, cult ofAdonis there, visited by Menelaus,L. 828 n:

Byne = Leucothea, L. 107, 757

Cabeiri, E. xli. 1

Cadmilus = Hermes, L. 162Cadmus, (1) = Cadmilus — Hermes,

L. 219 ; (2) s. of Agenor andfounder of Thebes, C. v. 107,

125Caeratus, r. near Cnossus in Crete,

C. iv. 44Calaureia, F. 74Calchas, L. 203, 426, 980, 1047Callichorus, C. vi. 15

Callignotus, E. xxvii. 1

Callimachus, E. xxiii. 1

Calliste, F, 8Callistion, E. Ivi. 1

Calydnae, L. 25, 347Calydnus, L. 1209Calydonian boar, C. iii. 218 ; cf.

L. 486 ff., F. 78Calypso, L. 744ff.,F. 157Canace, C. vi. 100Canastra, S. point of Pallene, L.

526Candaeus = Ares, L. 1410Candaon= Ares, L. 938, also L. 328

(here= Hephaestus ?)

Canopus (Canobus), t. at mouthof Nile; the God of Canopus=Serapis, E. hi. 1

Capaneus, L. 433 ff.

Carians, Ait. iii. 1. 62, L. 1384Carcinus, Cancer, The Crab, the4th zodiacal constellation, A.147, 446, 491, 495, 500, 539, 545,

569, 893, 996Carna, t. in Arabia, L. 1291Carneius, by-name of Apollo in

Sparta and elsewhere, C. ii. 71,

72, 80, 87Carnion, C. i. 24Carpathus, L. 924Carthaea, Ait. iii. 1. 71

Caryae, Ait. iii. 1. 59

Cassandra (Alexandra), L. 30Cassiepeia, wife of Cepheus and m.

of Andromeda ; as N. constella-tion, A. 189, 654

Cassiphone, L. 809 ff.

Castanaea, L. 907Castnia=: Aphrodite, L. 403, 1234Castor, C. v. 30Caucones, people in S.W. Pelopon-

nesus, C. i. 39Caulonia, L. 995 ff.

Caystrus, r. in Lydia, C. iii, 257Cebren, f. of Oenone, L. 59Cecropia = Athens, C. iii. 227; sons

of Cecrops = Athenians, C. iv.

315Celadon, r. in Arcadia, C. iii. 107Celaenae, Ait. iii. 1. 48Celaeno, a Pleiad, A. 262Celtic war, C. iv. 173Centaur, (1) son of Ixion andNephele and ancestor of theCentaurs, half- horse, half-man(Find. P. ii. 35 ff.) ; includingCheiron, C. 27, and even, L. 1203,Cronus, the father of Cheiron byPhilyra. The Centaurs wererepresented as wine - bibbers

;

hence the reference in E. Ixii. 3;

cf. L. 670; (2) S. constellation,

A. 431, 436, 447, 505, 626, 661,

695, 700Ceos, Ait. iii. 1. 32Gephalus, C. iii. 209Cepheus, (1) King of Aethiopia, f

of Andromeda, L. 834 ; as N.constellation, A. 179, 183, 280,

310, 631, 633, 649, 675 ; (2) leaderof the Achaeans from Troy to

Cyprus, L. 586 ff. ; cf. L. 447 ff.

Ceramyntes= Heracles, L. 663Cerastia, old name of Cyprus, L447

Ceraunia, hill in Epeirus, L. 1017Cercaphus, L. 424Cerchnis=Cenchreae, C. iv. 271

Cercyra, C. iv. 156 ; it is the Harpeof L. 762 ; island of the Phaea-cians, L. 632

Cerdoiis = Apollo, L. 208

Cerdylas=Zeus, L. 1092

Cerne, L. 18Cerneatis Island, L. 1084, uncertain

;

TTjv Kepvr}v vrja-QV Kepveariv etwe

623

INDEX

vapayiayto^ schol. ; possibly Cor-sica (Cyrnos) or Sardinia

Ceryneian Hill, ^n Achaia, C. iii.

109Cetus, Balaena, The Whale, S. con-

stellation, A. 354, 364, 366, 368,

387, 390, 398, 502, 630, 647, 720,

726Chalastra, t. in Macedonia, L. 1441Chalciope, C. iv. 161

Chalcis, t. on the Euripus, C. iv. 46Chalybes, Ber, 4, L. 1109Chaonia, W. district of Epeirus

;

hence Dodona is "Chaonian," L.1320

Chariclo, ni. of Teiresias, C. v. 67Charidas, of Cyrene, s. of Arimmas,E XV. i, 3

Charites = Graces, B. xxxiv. 2, Ait,

iv. 1, 2

Charmus, s. of Diophon, E. xvi. 2

Charybdis, L. 668, 743Cheiras, or Choiras= Aphrodite, L.

1234Cheiron, C, iv. 104Chelae, or Claws, i.e. the Claws of

the Scorpion, The Balance orScales, 7th sign of Zodiac, A. 89,

232, 438, 521, 546, 607, 612, 619,

626Chelys, or The Shell, i.e. the con-

stellation Lyra, A. 268Chersonesus, i.e. peninsula; (1)

Thracian, L. 331 ff., 533; (2)Cnidian, L. 1391 ; (3) Tauric, I..

197 ff.

Chesion, C. iii. 228Chilon, I. 2Chimaereus, L. 132Chios, C. iv. 48, A. 638, F. 11

Chitone, i.e. Artemis, C. i. 77,

iii. 11, 225Choiras. See CheirasChonia, district on W. of gulf ofTarentum, L. 983

Chrysaor, L. 842Chryso, Ait. iii. 1. 71Cilia, L. 320Cimmerians, dwell on Bosporus,milk mares, under their KingLygdamis attack temple of Ar-temis at Ephesus, C. iii. 253 ; butthe Cimmerians of Homer (Od. xi.

14 ff.) dwell in the extreme West

and so in the region of darknessL. 1427, localized near Cumae,L. 695

Cimon, E. Ixi. 1

Cimpsos, r. in Lydia, L. 1352Cinyphos or Cinyps, r. in N.

Africa, L. 885Circaeum (= Circeii), cape in

Latium, L. 1273Circe, L. 673, 808 ff.

Cissus, L. 1237Cithaeron, C. iv. 97Clarius, epithet of Apollo, C. ii. 70Claws. See ChelaeCleinias, E. vi. 11

Cleisithera, L. 1222 ff.

Cleombrotus, E. xxv. 1

Cleonicus, E. xxxii. 1

Clete, an Amazon, L. 995 ff.

Clymenus (a) F. 56 ; (b) F. 139Clytaemnestra, L. 1099 ff., 1114 ff.,

1372Cnacion, L. 550Cnidus, C. vi. 25 ; cf. L. 1391Cnossus, C. i. 42, 43, L. 1214Cocytus, L. 705 f.

Codrus, the last king of Athens,L. 1389, Ait. iii. 1. 32

Coetus= Apollo, L. 426Coeiis, C. iv. 150Colchians, L. 1022 ff. ; cf. L. 632,

887-

Colotis= Aphrodite, L. 867Comaetho, L. 934 f

Comyrus = Zeus, L. 459Concheia, L. 869Conon, Ber. 1

Conopion, E. Ixiv. 1

Corax, Corvus, Crow, S. constella-tion, A. 449, 520

Core, the Maiden, (1) Persephone,L. 698 ; (2) Athena, L. 359, 985

Corie, by-name of Artemis asGoddess of Maidens, C. iii. 234

Coriuth, L. 1024Coroebus, Ait. i. 9Coroneia, C. v. 61, 63Corybantes. See CyrbantesCorycian, Nymphs, Ait. iii. 1. 58Corythus, L. 58Cos, C. iv. 160, F. 96Coscynthus, L. 1035Couralius, r. in Boeotia, C. v. 64Crab, The, Cancer, the 4th zodiacal

624

INDEX

sign, A. 147, 446, 491, 495, 500,539, 545, 5C9, 893, 996.

Cragus, mt. in Lycia, cult of Zeus;

hence by-name of Zeus, L. 542Crannon, C. iv. 138, vi. 77; c/,

B. 2

Crater, S. constellation, A. 448, 520,603

Crathis, (1) E. xviii. 1 ; (2) r. inAchaea, C. i. 26 ; (3) r. near Sy-baris, L. 919, 1079

; (4) uncertainriver in Illyria, L. 1021

Creion, hill at Argos, C. v. 40, 41Creophylus, s. of Astycles, ancientpoet of Chios or Samos, E. vii. 1

Crestone, district in Thrace whereMunitus was fatally bitten by asnake, L. 499 ; cult of Ares(Candaon) there, L. 937

Cretan, G. i. 8, 9, 34, iii. 41, 205,E. xiii. 2, xxiv. 1, Ixiii. 1 ; in L.1297 Curetes = Cretans, who carryoff Europa from Phoenicia invengeance for the rapfe of lo

Crete, A. 31, C. iii. 191, iv. 272,309, L. 1301

Cretheus, s. of Aeolus, f. of Aeson,g.f. of Jason, L. 872

Creusa, wife of Aeneas, left by himin Troy, L. 1263

Crimisa, t. near Croton founded byPhiloctetes, L. 913

Crimisus, L. 961Crisa, t. in Phocis, L. 1070;Crisaean plains near Delphi, C.iv. 178

Crisus, L. 939 ff.

Critias, (1) E. xiv. 4 ; (2) Ivi. 2Cromna, t. in Paphlagonia with

cult of Poseidon, L. 522Cronian laws, C. v. 100Cronides, i.e. son of Cronus, C.

i. 61, 91Cronion, hill at Olympia, L. 42Cronus, C. i. 53, A. 35 (deceived byCuretes)

Croton, t. in Bruttium, L. 859 ff.,

1002 ff., 1071Crotopus, Ait. i. 2Crown, Stephanos, Corona Borealis,

A. 71, 572, 573, 625, 660Ctarus =: Hermes, L. 679Curetes, similar to and sometimesconfused with the Corybantes

:

2s

with beating of drums and war-dance they protect the infantZeus from Cronus, C. i. 52, A.35; in L. 1295=Cretans ; in L.671, a tribal name for Acarnanian(Homer, II. ix. 529 puts theCuretes in Pleuron)

Cychreus, prehistoric king ofSalamis, L. 451

Cvclades, islands round Delos, C.iv. 3, 198

Cyclopes, C. iii, 9, 46, 67, 81, 85,

B. xlvii. 2, L. 659 ff., 765Cycnus, s. of Poseidon and Calyce,

L. 232 ff.

Cydippe, Ait. iii. 1. 19

Cydonia, t. in N.-W. Crete, C. i.

45, iii. 81, 197Cylistarnus, r. in Italy near Lagaria,

L. 946Cyllene, mt. in Arcadia, A. 597, C,

iv. 272Cynaetha, t. in Arcadia with cult

of Zeus; hence Cynaetheus=Zeus, L. 400

Cynossema. See HecabeCynosura, (1) district in Arcadia,hence Cynosurian dogs, C. iv. 94

;

(2) The Lesser Bear, Ursa Minor,A. 36 ff., 52, 182, 227, 308

Cynthus, mt. in Delos, C. ii. 61, iv.

10, B. Ixiii. 1

CynuB, t. in Locris, L. 1147Cyon, Canis Major, The Dog, S.

constellation, A. 327, 342, 352,

503, 595, 603, 676, 755. In A.342, 676 called the *'The GreatDog" in contrast to Procyon,Canis Minor. See further Sirius,

ProcyonCypeus = Apollo, L. 426Cyphus, t. in Thessaly (Perrhaebia),

L. 897Cypris= Aphrodite, C. iv. 21, 308,

V. 21, B. vi. 2, L. 112, 1143Cyrbantes = Corybantes, L, 78Cyre, C. ii. 88

Cyrene, (1) d. of Hypseus, C. iii.

208 ; (2) t. in N. of Africa, colonyfrom Thera, named after Cyrene(1), C. ii. 73, 94, E. xxii. 5, xv.

2, xxiii. 2. Legend of the founda-tion of Cyrene (Herodot. iv.

145 ff.), L. 877 ff. ; see Battus

625

INDEX

Cyrita= Demeter, L. 1392Cyrnus — Corsica, C. iii. 58, iv.

19Cyta, t. in Colchis, home of Medeia,

F. 9, L. 174, 1312Cytina= Cytinion (Thuc. i. 107), t.

in Doris, L. 1389 /

Cyzicus, t. in the Propontis, B.xiv. 1

Daeira ^ Persephone, L. 710Damasus, Ait. i. 6

Danaans, the people of Argos, C. v.

142Danaus, s. of Belus, b. of Aegyptus,King of Argos, C. v. 48

Daphnis, E. xxiv. 3Dardanus, (l)s. of Zens and Blectra,

d. of Atlas, L. 72, married Arisba(d. of Teucer) also called Bateia,after whom was named the townin the Troad, L. 1308, ancestor ofthe "Lion at once Thesprotianand Chalastraean," L. 1440. Hecame from Arcadia or from Creteto Samothrace, and thence duringthe flood on a raft of skins to theTroad, L. 78 ft'., where he foundedDardania. Buried in Troad, L.72. His son, Ilus, was father ofLaomedon, father of Priam

; (2)unknown t. in Apulia, with cultof Cassandra, L. 1129 ft".

Daunia, S.-Eastern Italy (Apuliaand Calabria), L. 592, 1052,1128

Deioneus, s. of BurytusofOechalia,f. of Cephalus, C. iii. 209

Deiphobus, s. of Priam, second inbravery of Priam's sons, L. 170,becomes the fourth husband ofHelen, L. 143, 168, 851

Delian palm : the palm which sup-ported Leto at the birth of Apolloand Artemis, C. ii. 4

Delos, C. iv. passim, Ait. iii. 1. 26

;

cf. also Cynthus, Inopus, AsteriaDelphi, t. in Phocis with famoustemple of Apollo, L. 208, Ait. iii.

1. 20 ; cf. C. ii. 98Delphinius= Apollo, L, 208Delphis, Delphinus, The Dolphin

(AeXc^iV, Eratosthenes), N. con-stellation, A, 316, 598

626

Deltoton, Triangulum, N. constella-

tion, A. 235Demeter, C. vi. passim, E. xl. and

xlvi., Demeter and Pelops, L. 152

ff., Demeter and Erysichthon,L. 1391 f. cf. L. 152 f., 621, 1040,

1392Demodice, E. Iv. 2

Deraonax, Ait. iii. 1. 66

Demophon, F. 155

Deo= Demeter, C. ii. 110, vi. 17 and133

Deraenus= Apollo, L. 440

Dexamenus, C. iv. 102

Dexithea, Ait. iii. i. 67

Diacria, hills on coast of Euboea,L. 375

Dice (Justice), A. 105 if., L. 1040

Dicon, E. xi. 1

Dicte, mt. in Crete, L. 1300, C. i. 4,

and 47, iii. 199, E. xxiv. 3, A.

33flf.

Dictyna, C. iii. 198Didyme, E..xiv. 2

Didymoi, Gemini, The Twins, 3rd

zodiacal constellation, A. 147, 450,

481, 549, 717, 725

Dike or Justice, A. 105 ft"., L. 1040Dindymon, E. xli. 2

Diocleides, E. xix. 2

Diodes, E. xxxi. 1

Diomedes, L. 1066, C. v. 35

Dionysias= Naxos, Ait. iii. 1. 42Dionysus, A. 72, C. vi. 71 f., E. x. 1,

xlv. 2, xlix. 5

Diophon, f. of Charmis, E. xvi. 4Dioscuri, C. v. 24Diotimus, L. 732 ft".

Dirce, C. iv. 76Dirphossu8= Dirphys, hill in Eu-

boea, L. 375Discus, or Quoit= Zeus, L. 400Dizerus, a river, L. 1026Dodona, in Epirus (Thesprotia)famous oracle of Zeus, C. iv. 284,L. 1320, Ait. ii. 7, F. Ill

Doliche - Icarus,one ofthe Cyclade.s,C. iii. 187

Dolonci, a Thracian tribe, L. 381,533

Doom, Hill of. See AteDorians, C. ii. 89Doris, w. of Nereus, m. of Thetis,L. 861 ; a Nereid, A. 658

INDEX

Dotion, plain S. of Ossa in Thessaly,L. 410, C. vi. 25

Dracon, Draco, The Dragon, N. con-stellation, A. 45 ff., 70, 187

Dragon's Isle, L. 110Draucos, t, near Ida in Crete, homeof Scamandros, L. 1034

Drepanum, t. in Sicily, der. fromSickle (Spenavov) with whichCronus mutilated Uranus, L. 869'ApTnjs Kpovov TnjSr/^a, Ait. ii. 6

Dromus Achilleius, L. 193, 200Drymas = Apollo in Miletus, L. 522Drymnius = Zeus in Pamphylia, L.536

Dymas, s. of Aegimius, ancestor ofDorian Dymanes, L. 1388

Dyme, t. in Achaea, L. 591Dyras, r. of Mt. Oeta, L. 916

Echeramas, E. Ixiii. 1

Echidna, L. 1353 f.

Echinades, C. iv. 155Echinos, t. on Malian gulf, L. 904Echo, C. iii. 245, E. xxx. 6Ectenians, i.e. Boeotians, L. 433,

1212Edonians, Thracian tribe, L. 419Eetion, E. xxvi, 1

Egypt, Ait. i. 1. 6, ii, 8. 1, F. 28Eidyia, wife of Aeetes, L. 1024Eileithyia, C, i. 12, iv. 132, E. liv.

1 ; Eleutho, C. iv. 276.

Eion, L. 417Elais. See AniusElectra, A. 262Elephenor, L. 1034 ff.

Eleusis, C. vi. 31

Eleutho. See EileithyiaElis, E. Ixi. 1

Ellopians = Euboeans, C. iv. 20Elymi, people in N.-W. Sicily, L.974

Elymus, L. 965 ff.

Enceladus, F. 117Engonasin, Ingeniculus, The Manon his Knees, A. 63 ff., 575, 669 ;

also called Gnyx (On his knees),

A. 591, 615; also Eidolon =Phantom, A. 64, 73, 270; N.constellation

Enipeus = Poseidon, L. 722Enna, C. vi. 31; hence Ennaia =Demeter, L. 152

Enorches= Dionysus, L. 212Envy. See PhthonusEnyo, C. ii. 85, iv. 276, L. 463, 519Eordi, tribe in Macedonia, L. 342Eos, L. 18Epeian, i.e. Elean, L. 151Epeius, L. 930 ff., E. xxvi. 3 (?)

Ephesus, C. iii. 238, 258Ephyra, C. iv. 42, 43, F. 1

Epicydes, E. xxxiii. 1

Epimetheus, s. of Asia, L. 412Epistrophus, L. 1067Epius= Asclepius, L. 1054Erasixenus, E. xxxvii. 1

Erchius, F. 5

Erechtheus, L. 1338, c/. L. 110 f.;

=Zeus, L. 158, 431Erembi, L. 827Erginus, F. 56Erichthonius, H. i. 2

Eridanus = Potamus, q.v. A. 360Erigone, d. of Icarius, Ait. i. 1. 4Erinyes, L. 406, 437 f., 1040 f.,

1137 f.

Eriphi, Haedi, The Kids, E. xx. 6,

A. 158, 166, 679, 718; see Henio-chus

Eris = Iris (earlier called Eridius,

Arr. ap. Eustath. ad Dion. Per.

783), a river in Pontus, L. 1333Erymanthus, r. in Arcadia, 0. i.

18Erysichthon, C. vi. passim, L. 1388

ff., V. Aethon, MestraEryx, (1) s. of Aphrodite, L. 866 f.;

(2) hill in Sicily, L. 958Eteocles, L. 437 f.

Etesian winds, A. 152 ff.

Euboea, C, iv. 197, 290; see L.

373 ff.

Eucoline, I. 25Eudemus, E. xlviii. 1

Eumedes, C. v. 37Euphorbus, I. 1. 124Eupylus, Ait. iii. 1. 71Euripus, C. iii. 188, iv. 45Europa, L. 1283 ff.

Eurotas, r. in Laconia, C. v. 24, F.

56Euryampus, L. 900Eurynome, L. 1192 f., F. 133Eurypylus, (1) s. of Bvaemon, L.

877, 901 ; (2) s. of Poseidon andCelaeno, C. ii. 92

627

INDEX

Eurytanians, Aetolian tribe, L.799Eurytus, E. vii. 2

Euthyraenes, B. xvii. 14

Buxantius, F. 154; c/. Ait. iii. 1. 67

Euxitheus, B. xxxii. 15

Evaenetus, E. Ivii. 1.

Everes, C. v. 81, 106

Fish, The Southern. See IchthysFishes, The. See Ichthyes

Gala = Milk, i.e. The Milky Way,A. 476, 611

Galadra, t. iu Macedonia, L. 1342,

1444Galatae, Gauls, C. iv. 184Galenaea, E. vi. 5

Ganymedes, s. of Tros, becamecup-bearer to Zeus, B. liii. 3

Gargarum, Ait. i. 7

Gauas= Adonis, L. 831Gaudos, F. 157Gauls. See GalataeGeraestus, cape in S. Euboea, C.

iv. 199Geryon, L. 652, 1346 ; c/. 47, 697Giants, L. 127, 1408, L. 1357;

Briareus, C. iv. 143, Ischenus,L. 43, Erechtheus, L. Ill ; as a

general epithet, Aegeus, L. 495,

Hector, L. 527, Xerxes, L. 1414

;

cf. L. 63, 688 ff.

Glanis, i.e. Clanius, river nearNaples, L. 718

Glaucon or Glaucus, s. of Minosand Pasiphae, L. 811

Glaucopion, H. 27Glaucus, (1) fisherman of Anthedonwho became a prophetic sea-god(Glaucus Pontius), L. 754 ; (2)s. of Hippolochus, leader of theLycians at Troy, who exchangedarms with Diomedes (Horn. 11.

vi. 234), E. xlix. 2

Onyx, A. 575 ; see EngonasinGolgi, t. in Cyprus, L. 589Gongylates= Zeus, L. 435Gonnos, town in N. Thessaly, L.

906Gonusa, in Sicily, L. 870Gorgas = Hera, L. 1349Gorge, m. of Thoas, L. 1013Gortyn, t. in Crete, C. iii. 189, L.

1214

628

Gortynaea, i.e. Cortona in Etruria,

L. 806Graea, i.e. Tanagra in Boeotia, L.

645Graeae, L. 846Graeci, Greeks, L. 532, 891, 1195,

1338, F. 2

Guneus, (1) an Arab, L. '128; (2)

leader of the men of Cyphus(Perrhaebi), L. 877 ff., 897 f.

Gygaea= Athena, L. 1152Gymnesiae, the Balearic islands.

The inhabitants Avere famoussliugers (popular derivation from/SaXAo), hence BoAtopeis) carryingthree slings, one on head, oneround neck, the third round waist,

L. 633 if.

Gyrae Rocks, L. 390 ff.

Gyrapsius = Zeus in Chius, L. 537Gytheion, L. 98

Hades, C. iv. 277, Ait. iii. 1. 15

Haemonia, F. 9 (b), 19Haemus, mountain range in Thrace,

C. iii. 114, iv. 63Halcyone, a Pleiad, A. 262Hales, r. near Colophon, L. 425Haliartus, t. in Boeotia, C. v. 61Halicarnassus, t. in Caria, E. ii. 4Hamaxae, The Wains, A. 27, 93, cf.

I. 1. 119 ; see ArctiHarmonia, F. 22Harpe = Drepane, i.e. Coreyra, L.762

Harpies, L. 167, 653Harpina, L. 167Havens, Watcher of (Liraeno-

scopos), i.e. Artemis, C. iii. 259Healing of All (Panaceia), C. ii. 40Hebe, Youth, bride of Heracles, L.

1349Hecabe, L. 1177Hecaerge, d. of Boreas, C. iv. 292Hecaergus, i.e. Apollo, C. ii. 11

Hecate, d. of Perses (Perseus) andAsteria, L. 1175, I. 1. 99

Hector, L. 260 ff., 280, 464 ff., 527 ff.,

1204 ff.

Hegemone, i.e. Ai-temis, C. iii. 227.

Helen, d. of Zeus (Tyndareus) andLeda, C. iii. 232

Helen's Isle=Cranae off Attica, L.no

INDEX

Helice,(l) t. in Achaea, C. iv. 101; (2)

Ursa Major, A. 37 ff., 51, 59, 91, 160Helicon, A. 216, 218, C. iv. 82, v.

71, 90Hellas, E. ix. 4Helle, d. of Athamas, sister of

Phrixus, L. 22, 1285Hellen, L. 894, C. iv. 172Hellespont, L. 22, 27, 1285, 1414Helorus, r. in Sicily, L. 1033, 1184Hemera, Gentle, by-name of Ar-

temis, C. iii. 236Heniochus, Auriga, N. constella-

tion, A. 156, 167, 175, 177, 482,

679 ff., 716. On his left shoulderis The Goat (Aix, Capella, aAurigae), and on his left wristare The Kids (Eriphi, Haedi)

Hephaestus, C. i. 76, iii. 48, 74,

iv. 144, H. i. 2. 3

Hera, C. iii. 30, Ait. iii. 1. 4Heracleia Hodos.Strabo 245. "TheLucrine Gulf extends in breadthas far as Baiae; it is separatedfrom the e»a by an embankmenteight stadia in length and thebreadth of a cariiage-way ; this

they say that Heracles built

(Staxtocrai) when he was drivingaway the cattle of Gerydnes."This embankment is the HeracleiaHodos ; c/. Diodor. iv. 22, whoconfuses the Lucrine with theLacus Avernus, L. 697

Heracleitus, elegiac poet of Halicar-nassus, E. v. 1

Heracles,(l)s.ofZeusand Alcmena,C. iii. 108, 159, V. 30 ; (2) s. of

Alexander the Great and Barsine,slain by Polysperchon, L. 801 fl'.

Hercynna, d. of Trophonius but=Demeter, L. 153

Hermes (Hermeias, Hermaon), A.269, 674, E. xlvi. 3, C. iii. 69, 143,

iv. 272, F. 13, I. 12

Hermione, d. of Menelaus andHelen, L. 103

Hennou Pterna, L. 835Hesiod, E. xxix. 1

Hesione, d. of Laomedon, slave-

wife of Telamon, m. of Teucer,aunt of Cassandra, L. 452 ff.

She was exposed to a sea-monsterwhich Heracles slew, L. 34 ff..

470 ff. Laomedon refused to

pay Heracles his promised reward,L. 523. Hesione ransomed herbrother Podarces from Heracleswith her golden veil, and thence-forth he was called Priamus(npCafiat, buy), L. 337 ff. Afterthe fall of Troy she was given byHeracles to Telamon, L. 469

Hesperides, L. 885Hesperis = Berenice, t. in Cyrenaica,

E. xxxviii. 6Hesperus, the Evening-star, C. iv.

174, 280, 303, vi. 7, 8, E. Ivi. 4

Hestia, G. vi. 109Hesychides, F. 18Hie Paeeon. See PaeeonHippacus, E. xiA\ 1

Hippaeus, E. Ixi. 2

Hippegetes= Poseidon, L. 767Hippo, an Amazon punished byArtemis, C. iii. 239, 266*

Hippocrene, C. v, 71, A. 217 f..

Ait. iv. 1. 6Hippolyte, an Amazon whose

girdle was carried off by Heraclesand Theseus, L. 1329 ff.

Hipponax, I. i. 1

Hipponion= Vibo Valentia in Brut-tium, L. 1069

Hippos, Equus, later called Peg-asus, The Horse, N. constella-

tion, A. 205, 209, 215, 219, 223,281, 283, 487, 524, 601, 627, 693

Hodoedocus, f. of Oileus (Ileus)and g.f. of Aias (2), L. 1150

Homer, E. vii. 3, Ait. i. 1. 9Honiolois= Athena, L. 520; cf. ZeusHomoloios as a cult-name, especi-ally in Thessaly and Boeotia

Hoplosmia= Hera, L. 614, 868Horites = Apollo, L. 352Horse, The. See HipposHyades, star group in Taurus, A.

173

Hyiior, Aqua, Water, part of theconstellation Hydrochoiis, Aqua-rius, A. 399

Hydra, Anguis, S. constellation,

A. 414, 519, 594, 602, 611, 697Hydrochoiis, Aquarius, the 11th

sign of tlie Zodiac, A. 283, 389,

392, 398, 502, 548, 693Hydrussa, Ait. iii. 1. 58

629

INDEX

Hylaeus, a Centaur, C, iii. 221

Hylates = Apollo at Hyle in Cyprus,L. 448

Hyleus, L. 491 ff.

Hyllichus, I. 7Hyperboreans, C. Iv. 281 ff., F. 51

Hypsarnus, r. in Boeotia, L. 647Hypseus, s. of Peneius, King ofthe Lapithae, and f, of Gyrene, C.

ii. 92, iii. 208Hypsizorus, Ait. ii. 2

Hyrradius, E. i. 2

laon, r. of Arcadia, C. i. 22lapyges, L. 852lasides, i.e. Ceplieus, A. 179lasius, f. of Atalanta, C. iii. 216lason, s. of Aeson of lolcus and

leader of the Argonauts;grand-

son of Cretheus, f. of Aeson, L.892, 1310 ff.

Iatros=Apollo, L. 1207, 1377Iberians, L. 643Icarian Sea, i.e. the Aegean SeaS.W. of Asia Minor, C. iv. 14

Icarius, Ait. i. 1. 3

Ichnaia, epithet of Themis fromIchnae in Thessalia Phthiotis orin Macedonia, L. 129

Ichthyes, Pisces, The Fishes, the12th Zodiacal constellation, A.240, 246, 282, 357, 362, 548, 700

Ichthys Notios, The Southern Fish,

A. 387, 390, 572, 701Icmius, Ait. iii. 1. 34Icus, island off Magnesia, ^it. i.l. 8,

24Ida, (1) mt. in Troad, C. v. 18,-^.

496, 1256, Ait. i. 7 ; (2) mt. in

Crete, L. 1297, A. 33, C. i. 6, 47, 51

Idas, s. of Aphareus and b. ofLynceus, L. 553 ff.

Idomeneus, King of Crete, L. 431 ff.,

1214 ff.

Ileus (Oileus), L. 1150Ilios, L. 984, Ait. i. 8 ,Illyria, F. 2. 1

Ilus, s. of Tros and g.f, of Priam, sog.g.f. of Cassandra, L. 319, 1341,receives the Palladium fromZeus, L. 364, founds Ilios, L. 29,

conquers Thrace and Macedonia,L. 1342 ff., grave in Troad, L.819 ff.

630*

Imbrasus, r. in Samos, hence Arte-

mis Imbrasia, C. iii. 228, F. 66

Inachus, s. of Oceanus and Tethys,founder and king of Argos, C v.

140. His daughter lo was turnedinto a cow (Bous) which gave hername to the Cimmerian Bosporus,C. iii. 254, identified with Isis, E.Iviii. 1. Inachus was also name of

a river at Argos, C. iv. 74, v. 50Ino, d. of Cadmus and Harmonia,becomes a sea -goddess undername of Leucothea, also called

Byne, L. 107, 757Inopus, r. in Delos, C. iii. 171, iv.

206, 263, L. 575 f.

locastus, F. 59loleia, or lole, d. of Burytus, E.

viii. 3

lolcus, in Thessalian Magnesia onPagasaean gulf, C. iii. 208

Ionian sea, L. 631lonians, L. 989, I. 1. 225lonis, E. xxvii. 1

Iphicles, Ait. iii. 1. 46*Iphigeneia (Iphis), L. 324Iris, (1) d. of Thaumas, messengerof the Gods, C. iv. 157 ; (2) (or

Eris), r. in Leucosyria, L. 1333Iros, t. in Tliessaly or in Malis, L.

905Is, r. in Lucania, L. 724Ischenus, L. 43Ischys, H. i. 4. 7

Isis, E. 1. 4, Iviii. 1

Islands of the Blest, a place in

Thebes with a cult of Hector, L,1204

Ismenus, r. in Boeotia, C. iv. 77Issa, old name of Lesbos, L, 220Isthmus of Corinth, C. iv. 72

;

Games of, F. 103Istros = Danube, L. 188, 1336Italia, C. iii. 58, F. 149, 161Itonian Athene, C. vi. 75, from her

cult at Itone (Iton) in ThessaliaPhthiotis

lulls, t. in Ceos, E. vi. 7, Ait. iii.

1. 52, 72

Labdacidae, C, v. 126Lacedaemonian, C. v. 24Lacinium, L. 856 ff.

Lacmon, L. 1020, 1389

INDEX

Laconians, L. 586 ff.

Ladon, r. in Arcadia, C. i. 18, L.1041

Laestrygones, L. 662, 664 f., 956Lagaria, t. in Lucania, L. 930Lagmus, r. in Pontus, L. 1333Lagoiis, Lepus, The Hare, S. con-

stellation, A. 338, 369, 384, 503,

594, 678Lametian waters = Lametine gulf

(?). Aa/utTjTOS Se jrora/oibs 'IraAias(schol.), L. 1085

Lampete = Clanipetia, t. in Brut-tium, L. 1086

Laocoon, L. 347Laodice, L. 314, L. 496 f.

Laomedon (Laumedon), s. of Ilus,

f. of Priam, L. 470, 623, 592,

617Lapersioi = Dioscuri, L. 511 ; ZeusLapersios = Zeus Agamemnon, L.1369

Laphria= Athena, L. 356, 985, 1416Laphrios = Hermes, L. 835Laphystius= Dionysus in Mace-

donia, L. 1237Laris, r. in Lucania, L. 725

Larisa, t. in Thessaly, C. iv. 104

Larymna, t. in Locris, L. 1146Larynthius = Zeus, L. 1092

Las, t. in Laconia, L. 95 ; see La-persioi

Laumedon. See LaomedonLaurete, d. of Lacinius and w. of

Croton, L. 1007Lechaeum, W. harbour of Corinth,

C. iv. 271Lectum, Ait. i. 7

Leda, m. of Helen, L. 88 f., 506Leibethron, t. near Olympus, L.

275, 410Lelantian plain, between Chalcis

and Eretria in Euboea, C. iv. 289

Leleges, Ait. iii. 1. 62

Leon, Leo, The Lion, 5th sign of

the Zodiac, A. 148 ff., 446, 491,

545, 590, Ber. 6

Leontarne, t. in Boeotia, L. 645Leontichus, E. lix, 1

Leoprepes, E. 2

Lepreum, t. in Triphylia, W. coast

of Peloponnese, C. i, 39

Lepsieus, L. 1454, Lepsios, L. 1207= Apollo

Leptynis= Persephone, L. 49Lerna, L. 1293Lesbos, L. 219, F. 11

Lethaeuni, L. 703Leto, C. iii. 45, 73, 83, 138, iv. 39,

57, 60, 68, 99, 122, 204, 222, 246,

326, L 1. 281Letrina, L. 54, 158Leucanian = Lucanian, L. 1086Leucaros, E. Ix. 2

Leuce, island at mouth of Danube,L. 188 f. .

Leucippus, L. 543 ff.

Leucophrys=Tenedos, L. 346Leucosia, a Siren, L. 723 ff.

Leucus, L. 1218 ff.

Leutarnia, in Calabria, L. 978Libya, C. ii. 66, 86Ligeia, a Siren, L. 726 ff.

Ligustinoi = Ligurians, L. 1356Lilaia, t. in Phocis, L. 1073Limnae, on borders of Messenia andLaconia with temple of Artemis(Pans. iii. 2. 6, iv. 31. 3;Strabo 362), C. iii. 172

Lindos, t. in Rhodes, L. 923Lingeus, r. in Italy, L. 1240Linon, cape in S. Italy, L. 994[Linos], Ait. i. 2

Lipare, formerly Meligunis, islandoff Sicily, home of the Cyclopes,C. iii. 47

Locrians, Ait. i. 8 ; Locrian rose,

L. 1429Loios, Macedonian month-name=August, E. xlvi. 2. It is the sameas Homoloios, which is frequentin Boeotian inscriptions as amonth-name. Hoffmann, UieMakedonen, p. 105

Longatis = Athena, L. 520, 1032Longurus, in Sicily, cult of Aphro-

dite, L. 868Lotophagi, L. 648Loxo, d. of Boreas, C. iv. 292Lusa or Lusi, t. in X. Arcadia, C.

iii. 235Lycaenis, E. liv. 1

Lycaeum, C. i. 4 ; cf. i. 41

Lycoreian, C. ii. 19Lycormas, L. 1012Lyctos, t. in Crete, C. ii. 33, E.

xxxviii. 1

Lycus, L. 132 ; see Chimaereus

631

INDEX

Lydians, I. 1. 202Lygdamis, C. iii. 252, Ait. iii. 1, 23

Lynceus, s. of Aphareus, b. of Idas,

slain by Polydeuces, L. 553 ft".

Lyra, N. constellation, A. 269. 597,

615, 674Lysanias, E. xxx. 5.

Macalla, L. 927Macedonian, 0. iv. 167Macelo, Ait. iii. 1. 67Macris= Buboea, C. iv.^20

Maenalus, C. iii. 89, 224Maeonia, C. iv. 250Maeotis Limne, Sea of Azov, L.

1288 f. ; on its shores dwell theMaeotian Scythians, hence Maeo-tian = Scythian, L. 917

Maera, the dog of Erigone, d. of

Icarius (as a star=Sirius) usedfor "dog" generally, L. 3M,Ait.iii. 1. 35

Magarsos, L. 444Maia, a Pleiad, A. 263Maiden, The. See ParthenosMaiden's Isle. See PartheniaMalis, district on coast, S. of

Othrys, C. iv. 287Maloeis, P. 163Malta = Melite, L. 1027Mamersa = Athena, L. 1417Mamertos = Ares, L. 988, 1410Marathon, H. i. 1. 8Marpessa, L. 563Marsian, L. 1275Mazusia, L. 534Mecone, F. 54

Meda, w. of Idomeneus, m. of

Cleisithera, slain by Leucus, L,

1221 fr.

Medeia, L. 174, 887, 1315Medusa, L. 842 f.

Megacles, Ait. iii. 1. 70Megara, B. xxvii. 6, Ait. i. 10Melancraera, L. 1464Melanippus, (1)E. xxii. 1; (2) L. 1066Melanthus = Poseidon, L. 767Melas, r. in Arcadia, C. i. 23Meliae, C. i. 47, iv. 80 ; cf. Ait. iii.

1. 63Meligunis, C. iii. 48Melinaea^: Aphrodite, L. 403Melissae, C. ii. 110Melite, now Malta, L. 1027

632

Melpomene, m. of Sirens, L. 712 f.

Membles, unknown river, L. 1083 ;

irOTtt/xbs 'IraAtas TrArjcrtov tSjv

A.evKavu>v schol.

Memphis, t. on left bank of Nile,

hence MejacttTijs Trpdjutos, L- 1294

Menecrates, E. xlvi. 62

Menelaus, L. 151, 539, 820

Menexenus, B. xlv. 5

Menippus, E. ii. 34

Menitas, E. xxxviii. 1

Merope, a Pleiad, A. 262

Meropeis, epithet of Cos fromMerops, s. of Triopas f. of

Cos and king of that island, C. iv.

160Mestra, d. of Erysichthon, L.

1394 ft.

Methymna, t. in Lesbos, B. xvii. 3,

L. 1098Metope, r. in Arcadia, C. i. 26

Miccus, (1) E. xlix. 1 ; ^2) E. Ii. 2

Miccylus, B. xxviii. 3

Midas, L. 1397 ft".. Ait. iii. 1. 47

Miletus, C. iii. 226, I. 1. 114

Mimallo, L. 1237, 1464Mimas, C. iv. 67, 157, \'i. 93

Minos, C. iii. 190Minyai, the Argonauts, L. 874Misenum, L. 737Mnemon, L. 240 ft".

Moirae, dd. of Tethys, L. 144 f., 585

Molossus= Apollo, L. 426Molpadia, L. 1331Molpis, L. 159Momos, C. ii. 113Mopsopia = Attica, L. 1340Mopsops, L. 733Mopsos, (1) s. of Apollo and Manto

;

famous seer, L. 427 ; (2) Argo-naut, from Titaron in Thessaly,L. 881

Morpho= Aphrodite, L. 449Munippus, L. 224 ft"., 319 ff.

Munitus, L. 495 ff.

Munychia, C. iii. 259Muses, A. 16Mycale, C. iv. 50Myconos, L. 388, 401Myleus = Zeus, L. 435Myllaces= Illyrians, L. 1021Myndia= Athena, L. 950, 1261Myrina, L. 243Myrmidons, Ait. i. 1. 23

INDEX

Myrrha, m. of Adouis, L. 829Myrtilus, L. 162 fif.

Myrtusa, C. ii. 91

Mysian, Mysian Olympus, C. iii. 117Mystes= Heracles, L. 1328Mytilene, home of Pittacus, E. i. 2

Naryx, t. in Locris, L. 1148Nasamones, F. 21

Nauaethus (Neaethus), L. 921Naubolus, L. 1067Naucratis, E. xl. 1

Naumedon = Poseidon, L. 157Nauplius, L. 384 ff., 1093 If., 1217 tf.

Navel, Plain of the. See OmphalionNaxos, E. XX. 1, Ait. iii. 1. 38Neapolis = Naples, L. 717Neda, 0. i. 33, 38Nedon, L. 374Neilos, C. iv. 185, 208Neleus, s. of Codrus, founder of

Miletus, C. iii. 226Nemea, t. in Argolis, F. 1

Nemesis, C. iv. 56Neoptolemus, L. 183, 323 ff., 324Neptunis {v.l.), Nepunis = Artemis

at Nepete in Etruiia, L. 1332

Nereus, g.f. of Triton, L. 886 ;=sea,L. 164, C. i. 40

Neriton, mt. in Ithaca, L. 769,

794Nesaia, a Nereid, L. 399Neso, m. of Sibyl, L. 1465Nessus, L. 50 f.

Nicippe, priestess of Demeter, C.

. vi. 43Nicoteles, E. xxi. 2

Nile. See NeilosNiobe, C. ii. 22 ff.

Nireus, L. 1011 ff.

Nomius, name of Apollo as god ofherds, C. ii. 47 ; see Amphrysus

Nonacriates= Hermes, L. 680Nyctimus, L. 481Nyx, Night, A. 409 ff., L. 437

Obrimo= Persephone, L. 698Ocinarus, r. near Tereina, L. 729,

1009Odysseus, L. 344, 815, 1030Odysseus, Cape of, the W. point ofCape Pachynus in Sicily, L. 1031 f.,

where Odysseus b\iilt a cenotaphfor Hecabe, L. 1181 ff.

Oebalus, f. of Tyndareus, hence"children of 0." = 8partan8, L.

1125Oeceus, f. of Dexamenus and Hip-ponous, C. iv. 102

Oedipus, L. 437, called OedipodesC. ii. 74

Oekourus= Dionysus, L. 1246Oeneus, s. of Porthaon, King of

Calyden in Aetolia, f. of Tydeus,Meleager, Deianeira ; failed to

honour Artemis who in revengesent the Calydonian boar, C. iii.

260Oenomaus, L. 161 ff.

Oenone, (1) d. of Cebren and wife of

Paris, dies with him, L. 57-08.

See Corythus; (2) old name of

Aegina, L. 175Oenopion, A. 640Oenotria, L. 912Oeta, L. 486Ogenus= Oceanus, L. 231

Ogygus, L. 1206Oeno. See OenotropiOenotropi, dd. of Anius (so g.dd. of

Apollo) and Rhoeo d. of Staphyluss. of Dionysus (and so g.g.dd. of

Dionysus) who subsequently mar-ried Zarax, L. 670 ff. "When the

Greeks suffered from hungerbefore Troy, they brought the

Oenotropi from Delos ; to help

them to escape, Dionysus changedthem into doves, L. 581 ff.; see

AniusOileus, s. of Hodoedocus, f. of

Locrian Aias, 647, L. 1150 .

Oistos, Sagitta.Eratosthenes' To^ov,N. constellation, A. 311, 598, 691

Olen, C. iv. 305Olenos, t. in Achaia, L. 590Olosson, t. in Thessaly, L. 906Olympia, 1. 1. 25401ympus,(l) mt. in Macedonia, home

of the gods, C. i. 62, iv. 220, vi.

59, L. 564 ; (2) mt. in Mysia, C.iii. 117

Ombrius= Zeus as god of rain, L.160

Ombroi= Umbrians, L. 1360Omphalion Pedon, in Crete, C. i. 45Oncaea = Demeter, L. 1225Onchestus, t. on Lake Copais in

633

INDEX

Boeotia with temple of Poseidon,L. 646

Oiioi, Asini, The Asses, constella-tions N. and S. of Phatne q.v.,

A. 898, 906Onou Ganiphelae=Onou Gnathos,

L. 94Opheltes, mt. in Euboea, L. 373Ophion, L. 1192Ophis, Anguis, Serpens, N. constel-

lation, A. 82 ff., 578, 665Ophiuchus, Serpentarius, N. con-

stellation, A. 74 flf. 488, 521, 577,

665, 724Ophrynion, t. in Troad with grave

of Hector (Strabo 595), L. 1208Orchieus= Apollo, L, 562Orestes, B. Ix. 1 ff.. Ait. i. 1. 2Orion (Oarion), giant hunter ofBoeotia, C. iii. 265. As 8. con-stellation, A. 232, 310, 323, 361,

518, 588, 636, 639, 676, 730, 756Ormenidae, ss. of Ormenus, i.e.

menofOrmenion ; t. in ThessalianMagnesia, C. vi. 76

Ornis, The Bird = Latin Cygnus, TheSwan, N. constellation, A. 272,

273, 274, 312, 487, 599, 628, 691Orthanes = Paris, L. 538Orthosia, properly cult -name ofArtemis, Pind. 01. iii. 30 ; in L.1331 =an Amazon

Ortygia, old name of Delos, 0. li.

59 ; myth that Delos is a quail

(opTv^) turned to stone, L. 401. InE. Ixiii. 1 epithet of Artemis,who was worshipped at Ortygiain Syracuse (Pind. N. i. 2 f.)

Ossa, (1) mt. in Thessalian Magnesia,C. iii. 52, iv. 137

; (2) mt. in Cam-pania, L. 697

Othronos, island near Corcyra, L.1034 ; in L. 1027 an island nearSicily (?)

Othrys, mt. in Thessalia Phthiotis,

C. vi. 86Otos, s. of Poseidon and Iphimedeia,

b. of Ephialtes, slain by Apolloor Artemis, C. iii. 264

Otrera, an Amazon, m. of Penthe-sileia, L. 997

Pachynus, cape in Sicily, L. 1029,1182

634

Pactolus, r. in Lydia, C. iv. 250,

L. 272, 1352Paeeon, Paeon, Paean, by-name of

Apollo, C. ii. 21, 97, 103Palaemon, (l)=Melicertes, s. of InoLeucothea, children sacrificed tohim at Tenedos, L. 229 ; (2) by-name of Heracles, L. 663

Palamedes, s. of Nauplius andClymene, L. 1098

Palauthra, t. in Thessalia Magnesia,home of Prothoiis, L. 899

Palladium, the image of Pallaswhich was said to have fallen

from heaven and which was thepledge of the safety of Ilios,

L. 363 f. ; stolen by Odysseus, L.658. See Helenus

Pallas = Athena, C. v. passim,H. i. 2. 1

Pallatides, rocks near Argos, C. v.

42Pallene, peninsula on Therraaicgulf; its former name Phlegra(-ai), and associated with thegiants, L. 127, 1407

Pallenis= Athena, L. 1261Pamphilus, E. 1. 3Pamphylus, L. 442Pan, C. iii. 88, E. xlvi.

Panaceia. See Healing of AllPanacra, hill in CIrete, C. i. 51 f.

Panchaea, I. 5

Panemos, Macedonian name for

month of July, E. xlvi. 1

Pangaeum, mt. with gold and silver

mines in Thrace, C. iv. 134Panope, a Nereid, A. 658Panopeus, s. of Phocus, f. ofEpeius, L. 932 fif.

Paris, Jj. 86, 91, 168, etc.

Parnassus, C. iv. 93, Ait. iii. 1. 57Paros, F. 36, 147Parrhasia, t. in Arcadia (Hom. II.

ii. 608), hence Arcadia generally,C. i. 10, C. iii. 99

Parthenia, old name of Samos, C.iv, 49

Parthenium, mt. in Arcadia sacredto Auge, C. iv. 71

Parthenius, r. in Pontus, Ait. iii.

1. 25 ; r. in Samos, F. 66Parthenope, L. 714 tf.

Parthenos, Virgo, The Maiden,

INDEX

the 6th sign of the Zodiac, A.491, 546, 597, 606 ; the myth, A.97flf.

Pasiphae, C. iv. 311Patareus= Apollo, L. 920Pausanias, E. xii. 4Pegasus, the winged horse ofBellerophon, given by Zeus toBos, L. 17 ; see also Hippos

Pelagones, C. i. 3

Pelasgian, C. iv. 284, v. 4. 51, vi>.

26, B. xl. 1, L. 177, 245, 1083,

1364, P. 105Peleus, s. of Aeacus, f. of Achillesby Thetis, L. 175 ff., 901 f., Ait.

i. 1. 24, F. 26Pelion, mt. in Thessaly, C. iv. 118Pellaios (?), E. xv. 6Pellene, t. in Achaia, H. i. 2. 12

;

their colonists in Italy—AusonesPellenii—kill Philoctetes, L. 922

PeIopeis= Peloponnesus, 0. iv. 72Pelops, L. 53 ff., 152 ff.

Peneius, r. in Thessaly, C. iv. 105,

112, 121, 128, 148, L. 1343Penthesileia, L. 997 ff.

Pephnos, L. 87Perge, (1) t. in Pamphylia withtemple of Artemis, C. iii. 187;(2) a hill in Btruria, L. 805

Perrhaebi, L. 905Persephone, L. 710Perseus, (l)=Perses, f. of Hecate,

L. 1175; (2) s. of Zeus and Danae,

L, 837 ; (3) Perseus (2) was set

among the stars after his deathas a N. constellation, A. 249, 484,

685, 687, 711 ; cf. F. 28Peuceus = Heracles, L. 663Phaeacians, L. 632Phaedrus, (I) E. Ivii. 4; (2)=Hermes, L. 680

Phalacra, L. 24, 1170, Ait. i. 7Phalanna, t. in N. Thessaly, L. 906

;

see PolypoetesPhalerus, founder of Naples, L. 717Phalorias, t. in Locris, L. 1147Phatne, The Manger, A. 892, 898,

905, 996Phausterius= Dionysus, L. 212Phegion, mt. in Aethiopia, L. 16

Phemius, L. 1324Pheneius, t. in Azania in Arcadia,

C. iv. 71

Pherae, (1) t. in Thessalia Pelasgio-

tis, cult of Artemis-Hecate (oncoins of Pherae represented seatedwith torch on horseback) ; hencePheraean as epithet of Artemis-Hecate, C. iii. 259, L. 1180 ; (2) t.

in Messenia, hence Pheraeans,L. 552

Phereclus, L. 97Phician Monster, i.e. the Sphinx

(Phix), in L. 1465 = CassandraPhigaleus= Dionysus, L. 212Phileratis, E. xxxv. 1

Philippus, E. xxi. 1, xlvii. 3Philoctetes, s. of Poeas, bitten bysnake and left by the Greeks inLemnos, L. 62, 912 ff.

Philoxenides, E. Ivii. 4Philyra, d. of Oceanus, m. ofCheiron by Cronus, C. i. 36, iv. 118

Phlegra, in Pallene, scene of thebattle of the giants, L. 1404

Phlegyas, H. i. 4. 8Phocians: the Phocian = Pylades,

B. Ix. 3 ; Phocians found Temesain Bruttium, L. 1067

Phocus, s. ofAeacus and Psamathe,f. of Crisus and Panopeus, slainby Peleus and Telamon, his half-

brothers, who had in consequenceto leave Aegina, L. 175

Phoebus = Apollo, Ait. iii. 1. 21Phoenician Goddess= Athena in

Corinth (schol.), L. 658Phoenicians, A. 39, I. 1, 120,

C. iv. 19, Phoenician Cyrnus(Corsica), as a Phoenician settle-

mentPhoenix, s. of Arayntor, tutor ofAchilles (KovpoTp6<f>ov ndyovpov),L. 419 in ref. to his age (Horn.II. ix. 446 and 487 ff.) and Kingof the Dolopes near Tymphrestus.Buried by Neoptolemus at Eion,

L. 417-423Phoenodomas, Trojan who hadthree daughters and who pro-

posed that Laomedon's daughterHesione should be exposed to thesea-monster, L. 470 ff., 952 ff.

Phorce, Lake= prob. Lacus Fucinus,L. 1275

Phorcides, d. of Phorcus and Ceto,

also called Graeae, cf. L. 846

635

INDEX

Phorcus, L. 376, 477Phrygia, C. ii. 23, iii. 159, B. li

Phrygian : the Phrygian, C. v. 18=Paris

Phtheires, L. 1383Phthia, (1) in Thessaly, C. iv. 112

;

(2) mistress of Amyntor, L.

421Phthonus, C. ii. 105, 107, 113Phylaraus, r, in Daunia, L. 594Phyleus, F. 57Physadeia, fountain at Argos, C. v.

47Phyxiiis= Zeus, L. 288Pilgrim Ship, The, 6eMpii (vaus), C.

iv. 314Pimpleia, mt.and fountaiuin Pieria,

C. iv. 7, L. 275Pindus, C. iv. 139, vi. 83Pisa, (1) t. in Elis, Ait. iii. 1. 79

;

(2) t, in Etruria, L. 1241, 1359Pitane, C. iii. 172Pithecusa or Pithecusae, island or

islands off coast of Campania,beneath which the giants areburied, L. 688

Pithoigia, Ait. i. 1. 1

Pittacus, E. i. 1

Plato, E. XXV. 3Pleiades, A. 255, 1066, 1085Pleistus, r. in Phocis, C. iv. 92Pluto, E. XV. 4Plynos, L. 149Podaleirius, s. of Asclepius, buried

in Daunia, where he heals the sickwho sleep on sheep-skius and aresprinkled with the water of theAlthaenus, L. 1047 ff.

Podarces, earlier name of Priam,L. 339

Poeessa, Ait. iii. 1. 73Poimandria, L. 326Poine, Ait. i. 2Pola or Polae, t. in Istria, L. 1022(which, however, may refer toanother Pola given by Steph.Byz. as in Illyricum), F. 2, 4

Polyanthes, r. in Chaonia, L. 1046Polydegmon, L. 700 = the Apen-

nines, possibly in reference tothe use of Polydegmon as a by-name of Hades in Hom. HymnDem. 31— thus Hades -hill inreference to volcanic action

636

Polydeuces (Pollux), one of the

Dioscuri, L. 506, he being son of

Zeus while Castor was son of

Tyndareus (Pind. N. x. 80 ff.).

In the light with Idas and Lyn-ceus Polydeuces killed Lyuceusand Idas with the help of Zeus,

and voluntarily undertook to

share his immortality with Castor

who had been mortally woundedby Idas, L. 553 ff., E. 2

Polygonus, L. 124Polymestor, L. 331

Polyneices, L. 437Polyphemus, Cyclops, B. xlvii. 1

Polypoetes, s. of Peirithous, leader

at Troy of men from various

Thessalian towns, e.g. Olossonand Phalanna (Hom. II. ii. 738 ff.,

where "Opei) = $aAavi'a), Ij. 906

Polysperchon (Folyperchou), oneof the generals of Alexander the

Great, who in 319 b.c. was nomi-nated by Antipater as his suc-

cessor in Macedonia (in preference

to his own son Cassander). In

316 he was driven from his king-

dom by Cassander. In 315 Anii-

gonus appointed him commanderof the Peloponnesus and Greecewas declared free. A peace wasconcluded in 311 by which Greecefell to Cassander, while Poly-sperchon was confined to sometowns in Peloponnesus. Laterhe was induced by Antigonus to

support the claim to the throneof Macedonia of Heracles, s. ofAlexander and Barsine. He ac-

cordingly invaded Macedonia butaccepted the proposal of Cas-sander to divide the kingdom of

Macedonia, with an independentarmy and dominion in Pelopon-nesus. Thereupon he assassin-

ated Heracles (309 b.c.). He is

the " Tymphaean dragon" ofL. 801Polyxena, d. of Priam and Hecabe,

sister of Cassandra, L. 314 ; shewas sacrificed by Neptolemus atthe grave of Achilles, L. 323 ft".,

her throat being cut with a knifewhich Peleus had received fromHephaestus_

INDEX

Polyxo, mt. of Actorion, C. î. 78Pontus Euxeinos : the expression

KOKoêivos kKvSiov, L. 1286, refers

to the old name of the BlackSea, TTOj/To? afetvos. The name is

said to have been changed toeuêti/os either after the voyageof the Argonauts, or after Hera-acles' expedition against theAmazons or after the foundationof the Milesian colonies. Find.P. iv. 203, has en-' 'AêCvov a-rofia

(he is speaking of the Argonauts),but N. iv. 49 EuêtVoj vekdyeL

Porceus, one of the 'two snakes(Porceus and Chariboea) whichcame from Calydnae and killed

Laocoon and one of his two sons.

The story was told by Arctinusin his Iliupersis, L. 347

Poseidon, C. iiL 50, iv. 101, 271, vi.

98, helps Apollo to build wallsof Troy, L. 522, 617 ; carries oflf

Pelops, L. 157 ; destroys LocrianAias, L. 390 ff. ; f. of Proteus,L. 125 ; Cycnus, L. 237 ; Theseus,L. 1324 ; cult-names, Aegaeon,L. 135 ; Amoebeus, L. 617 ; AmjAi-baeus, L. 749 ; Enipeus, L. 722

;

Hippegetes, L. 767 ; Melanthus,L. 767 ; Naumedon, L. 157 ; Pro-phantus, L. 522 ; Phemius, L.1324 ; Lord of Cromna, L. 522

Poseidon, the stars of, A. 756.

The scholiast's interpretationseems to be correct :

" The starsof Poseidon are those which showforth storms and fair weather

;

the stars of Zeus are those whichindicate weather suitable for agri-

culture." Cf. Avien. 1377 ff.

:

"Hie est fons, unde et deduxittempora lunae Navita cum Ion-

gum facili rate curreret aequor,Et cum ruris amans telluri farra

parenti Crederet ; ingenti petatliaec indagine semper Seu quivela salo, seu qui dat seminaterrae

"

Poseidon, Cape of Poseidon nearPoseidonia (Paestum). L. 722

Potamus, Flumen, The River, S.

constellation, A, 358, 589, 600,

624, 728; also called Eridanus,

A. 360. Cicero calls it Eridanu.s("Eridanum cernes . . . funes-turn magnis cum viribus amnem ")

and adopts the legend that it

represents the tears of Phaethon'ssisters ; Germanicus, 361, callsit Amnis and follows the samelegend ; Avienus, 780^ calls it

Flumen but refers to the Auso-nians of old who call it Eridanusand to the Phaethon legend.

Practis, unknown place in Epirus.Some take it to mean Acro-ceraunium. Holzinger thinksPractis = avenger = Erinys and.that Elephenor built a shrineto her, beside which he built hiscity

Praxandrus leads Laconians ofTherapnae from Troy to Cyprus,L. 586

Priam, F. 115Problastus = Dionysus, L. 577Procris, d. of Erechtheus, w. ofCephalus, companion of Artemil,C. iii. 209

Procyon, Canis Minor or in par-ticular a Canis Minoris. Socalled because it rises nearly a-fortnight before Cyon, The Dog,Canis Major, A. 450, 595, 690

Proetus, King of Argos, s. of Abas

;

driven from Argos by his twin-brother Acrisius he went toLycia and married Sthenoboea;returning to Peloponnesus hebecame king of Tiryns. Foundstwo shrines to Artemis when hisdaughters were healed of theirmadness, C. iii. 232

Promantheus=Zeus, L. 537Prometheus, s. of Asia, L. 1283, 1. 8,

F. 24Pronians, the suitors of Penelope,

so called from t. in Cephallenia(npofvarot, Thuc. ii. 30, IIpwvjj-

o-os, Strabo 455), L. 791Prophantus, by-name of Poseidonat Thurii, L. 522

Protesilaus, s. of Iphiclus, leaderof Thessalians in Trojan War,first to leap ashore at Troy, killed

by Hector; tomb at Mazusia,L. 530 fif. In answer to the

637

INDEX

prayers of his wife Laodameia(or Polydora) he was allowed to

return for a short space to theupper world

Proteus, s. of Poseidon, comesfrom his home in Egypt to Pal-

lene (Phlegra) in Chalcidice,

marries Torone and has by hertwo sons, Tmolus and Telegonus,who kill strangers by compellingthem to a wrestling -match.Proteus prays his father Poseidonto convey him by a path beneaththe sea to Egypt. When his sonswere slain by Heracles, he couldneither be wholly glad nor whollysorry—neither sniile nor weep.He gives to Paris a phantom in

place of the real Helen, L. 115 ff.

Prothoiis, s. of Tenthredon of Pal-

authra, shipwrecked in Libya,L. 899

Protrygeter, Vindemiator, The Vin-tager, star on the right wing of

I Virgo, A. 138. Its rising in

August was the herald of ap-proaching vintage; "XI. Kal.Sept. Caesari et Assyriae stella,

quae Vindemitor (Ov. F. iii. 407)appellatur, exoriri mane incipit

vindemiae maturitatem promit-tens" (Plin. N.H. xviii. 74)

Prylis, s. of Hermes and Issa, g.g.s.

of Atlas, a Lesbian seer whoforetold the capture of Troy bythe wooden horse, L. 222

Psylla, one of the mares of Oeno-maus, L. 166

Pterelaus, f. of Comaetho, leader

of the Taphians, defeated byAmphitryon, L. 934

Ptolemais tribe, E. xii. 3

Ptolemy, i.e. Ptolemy II. Phila-delphus, s. of Ptolemy I. Soterand Berenice, King of Egypt,285-247 B.C. He was born in Cos(308 B.C.), C. iv. 188. Married(1) Arsinoe, d. of Lysimachus ofThrace

; (2) his sister Arsinoe,q.v.

Ptoios, Apollo, from his temple onMt. Ptoon in Boeotia, L. 265,

352Pylades, s. of Strophius, king of

688

Phocis, companion of Orestes,

B. Ix. 6Pylaia, by-name of Demeter, E.

xl. 1

Pylatis, by-name of Athena, L. 356

Pyramus, r. in Cilicia, L. 439

Pyriphlegethon, stream from hotsprings at Cumae, L, 699

Pyronaean (mss. Pyianthian)glades ; in Locris, L. 1149

Pythia, I. 1. 222Pytho, old name of Delphi, C. ii.

35, 100, 250, iv. 90

Ram, The, Crius, Aries, the first

sign of the Zodiac, A. 225, 238,

357, 515, 516, 549, 709, 713Rhaecelus, t. on Thermaic gulf,

L. 1236Rhamnusian, epithet of Helen, C.

iii. 232Rhea, C. lOff. ; in Thebes, L.

1196 ff., where she hurls herpredecessor Eurynome into

TartarusRhegium, F. 59

Rhefthron, harbour in Ithaca, L.

?68Rheithymnia, t. in Crete, L. 76Rhipaean, F. 68Rhodian, E. 1. 2

Rhoecus, a Centaur, C. iii. 221

Rhoeo, g.d. of Dionysus, m. of

Anins by Apollo, g.m. of theOenotropi, L. 570 ff.

Rhoeteia, d. of Thracian kingSithon, buried at Rhoeteum in

Troad, L. 583, 1161Rhoeteum, prom, in Troad, L.

1161Rhyndacus, r. in Mysia and Phry-

gia. Argonauts draw water fromit, L. 1364

River, The, a S. constellation. SeeEridanus and Potamus

Salangi, L. 1058Salmydes.sus, L. 186, 1286Salpe, " lake in Italy " schol. ; some

identify it with Salapia, a t. inDaunia, L. 1129

Salpians, L. 1361, according tosome= the Alps according to

INDEX

others = Salyes (Strabo 184,etc.)

Salpinx= Athena, L. 915, 986Samos, formerly called Parthenia,

C. iv. 49 ; Samians, E. xviii. 2

;

the Samian, E. vii. l = Creo-phylus, s. of Astycles, an ancientepic poet of Samos (Strabo, 638)

;

the S. xlix. 4= DionysusSamothrace, island S. of Thrace;

" Samothracian gods," E. xlviii.

3 = the Cabiri (Samothraces di,

Varro, L.L. v. 58; "magnaqueThreicia sacra reperta Samo," Ov,^.^. ii. 602). See Saos

Saon, of Acanthus, s. of Dicon, E.xi, 1

Saos, old name of Samothrace, L.78, where it is called the founda-tion of the Cyrbantes^Cory-bantes=^ Cabiri

Sarapis (Serapis), Egyptian deity,E. xxxviii, 3

Saraptia=Europa, d. of Phoenix,from Sarepta, t. in Phoenicia,L. 1300

Sardis, capital of Lydia, C. iii. 246,I. 172

Sardo= Sardinia, C. iv. 21; in L.796 2ap5w 1/IK17S seems to be"Sardinian."

Saronic gulf, between Sunium andScyllaeum on the Isthmus ofCorinth, C. iv. 42

Sarpedon, s. of Zeus and Europa,L. 1284

Satnios, hill in Caria, L. 1390Satrachus, r. in Cyprus, L. 448Saunii = Savvtrai = Samnites, L.

1254Saviour. See SoterScaean Gates, of Trov, L. 774Scamander, f. of Taucer, g.f. of

Arisba, L. 1304 ff.

Scandeia, haven of Cythera (Hom.n. X. 268), L. 108

Scapaneus= Heracles, L. 652Scarpheia, t. in Locris (Scarphe,Hom. II. ii. 532), L. 1147

Schedius, b. of Epistrophus, s. ofIphitus and g.s. of Naubolus, L.1067

Schoineis= Aphrodite, L. 832Sciastes = Apollo, L, 562

Scolus, t. in Boeotia (Hom. II. ii.

497), L. 646Scopiadae, E. 2

Scorpius, Scorpio, The Scorpion,8th sign of the Zodiac, A. 85,

304, 307, 403, 438, 506, 545, 635,

643, 667Scyletria = Athena, L. 853Scylla, L. 45, 669, F. 49Scyrus, L. 185, 277, 1324Scythia, C. iii. 174, 256Selenaea, E. vi. 2

Seriphos, one of the Cyclades, L.844 f.

Setaea, Trojan captive who withher fellow captives set tire tosome of the Greek ships on theway from Troy and was boundto a rock (Setaeum) near Crathis,

where she was devoured by sea-

birds (other versions of the legendin Strabo 264, Plut. Rom. 1, Aet.

Rom. 6), L. 1075 ff.

Sibyl, d. of Dardanus and Neso,d. of Teucer; the Erythraean= Cumaean Sibyl, L. 1145; hercave at Cumae, L. 1278 flf.

Another name for the CumaeanSibyl is Melancraira (Arist. Demir. ausc. 95), L. 1464

Sicanian, properly of the Sicani in

Sicily, but used for Sicilian in

general (Lycophron has not2iKeA.oi nor 2t»ceAta), L. 870, 951,

1029 (in all cases with first

syllable long), C. iii. 57 (withfirst syllable short, TpivaKiq

^LKavuiv eSo?)

Sidonians, A. 44Silarus. See LarisSimois, r. in Troad, C. v. 19

Simone, E. xxxix. 2

Simus, E. xlix. 1

Sinis, L. 982Sinon, s. of Aesimus (or Sisyphus),

b. of Anticleia, m. of Odysseusby Laertes or Sisyphus, andhence cousin of Odysseus, L.

344 ff.

Sirens, L. 671, 712Siris, L. 978Sirius, a Canis Majoris, The Dog-

star, A. 332, 340. It has beensupposed that in Archiloch. fr.

639

INDEX

61, Hesiod, W. 585, S. 397, bySirius is meant the Sun and so

oktU Seipia, L. 397 is interpretedof the rays of the Sun

Sisyphus, L. 344, 980, 1030Sithon, King of Thrace, f. of

Rhoeteia, L. 583, 1161, Palleneand Phyllis

Sithouia : Sithonian giants, L. 1357=the Pelasgians who are said tohave come from Thessaly tofound Agylla (Strabo 220).

Smintheus, L. 1306Smyrna, E, vi. 12Soli, t. in Cilicia, native town ofAratus, who is hence called 62oAews, E. xxix. 3

Sopolis, s. of Diocleides, E. xix. 2Soter, (1) Saviour, as a title of thePtolemies, C. iv. 166; (2)=Dionysus, L. 206

Southern Crown. See CrownSparta, C. ii. 72, 74Sparti, L. 1206Spercheius= r, in S. Thessaly, L.

1146Spenno. See OenotropiSphaltes = Dionysus, L. 207Spheceia, old name of Cyprus(from Spheces " wasps," the oldname of the Cyprians), L. 447

Sphinx, monster in shape of ayoung woman with breast, feetand claws of a lion, sent by Herato afflict the Thebans. She pro-posed riddles and devoured thepeople when they were notsolved, L, 7, 1465

Stachus, Spica, The Corn-ear, aVirginis, A. 97

Stephanus. See CrownSterope, a Pleiad, A. 263Steropes, one of the Cyclopes, C.

iii. 68.

Stheneia= Athena, L. 1164Sthenelus, s.'-of Capaneus, buriednear Colophon, L. 433

Strophia, r. at Thebes, d. ofIsmenus, C. iv. 76.

Strymon, r. in Thrace, on whichwas Eion, L. 417, with cult ofHecate, L. 1178 ; hence Stry-monian = Thracian, of Boreas, C.iv. 26

640

Styraphaea, t. in Bpirus, henceStymphaean, v.L, C. iii. 178

Stymphalus, in N.E. Arcadia,hence Stymphalian, v.L, C. iii.

178Styx, C. i. 36, L. 705 ff.

Sunium, S.E. promontory of Attica,C. iv. 47

Symplegades, " Clashing Rocks " atentrance to the Black Sea, alsocalled Planetae or "wandering"rocks, L. 1285

Syrtis, the lesser Syrtis, dangerousbay on N. Coast of Africa, L. 648

Taenarum, Cape Matapan inLaconia, near it, entrance toHades, L. 90, 1106

Tamassus, t. in Cyprus, famous formetal work, L. 854

Tanagra, also called Graia (Strabo403, Paus. X. 20. 2); and Poi-mandria (from Poimandrus, Paus.I.e.), L. 326

Tanais, the river Don flowing intoLake Maeotis (Sea of Azov), L.

1288Tantalus, f. of Pelops, L. 53, servedup his son as food for the gods,L. 152 fl-.

Taraxippus. See IschenusTarchon, s. of Telephus, King ofMysia, b. of Tyrsenus, mythicalfounder of Tarquinii, L. 1248

Tartarus, L. 1197Tartessus = (l) the Guadalquiver,

(2) town at mouth of that river,

of fabulous wealth, L. 643Taucheira, t. in Cyrenaica, L. 877Tauri, Scythian people of theTauric Chersonuese (Crimea),where human sacrifice was madeto Artemis, C, iii. 174, cf. L.197 flf.

Taurus =(1) Dionysus, L. 209; (2)The Bull, second sign of theZodiac, A. 167, 174, 177, 322, 515,517, 549, 713 f.

Taygete, a Pleiad, A. 263Taygeton (-os), mt. in Laconia, C.

iii. 188Tegyra, t. in Boeotia, L. 646Teiresias, s. of Everes and Chariclo,famous Thebau seer who was

INDEX

struck with blindness by Ar-temis, C. V. 59, 75, L. 682 f.

Telamon, s, of Aeacus, f. of Aias (1),Teucrus and Trambelus ; havingslain his brother Phocus, he leftAegina for Salamis of which hebecame king. He accompaniedHeracles when he went to attackTroy and obtained from himHesione as his prize, L. 450 ft".

Telamus, r. in Scythia (=Tanais ?),

L. 1333Telchines, C. iv. 31, Ait. iii. I. 65Telegonus, (l)s. of Proteus, L. 124

;

(2), s. of Odysseus and Circe, L.795 ff.

Telemachus, L. 809Telephus, King of Mysia, f. of Tar-chon and Tyrsenus, L. 207, 1246

Telestorides, Ait. i. 6Telphusa or Thelpusa, on theLadon in Arcadia, worship ofDemeter Erinys, L. 1040, F. 62

Temenus, g.g.s. of Heracles (Her-acles, Hyllus, Cleodaius, Aiisto-machus, Temenus) and ancestorof Alexander the Great, L. 804

Teinesa, t. in Bruttium, L. 1067Temmices, a people of Boeotia, L.

644, hence = Boeotian, L. 786Tempe, C. iv. 105, I. 1. 230, 252Tenedus, island off the Troad. Its

earlier name was Leucophrys, L.346, its later name being fromTennes, L. 229 ff. Thence theGreeks receive Sinon's beaconsignal, L. 344 ff.

Tenerus, s. of Apollo and Melia,priestofPtoian Apollo in Boeotia,L. 1211

Tennes and Hemithea, L. 232 ff.

Tenthredon, of Palauthra in Thes-saliau Magnesia, f. of Prothotis,L. 899

Tereina, t. on the Ocinarus in

Bruttium founded by Tereina, afavourite of Ares, L. 726 ff.,

1008 ff.

Termieus= Zeus, L. 706Ter!nintheu8= Apollo, L. 1207Tethys. a Titanid, wife of Oceanus,

L. 231, C. iii. 44, iv. 17, m. of theMoirai (Fates) (here called 'AAs),L. 145, m. of AcheloUs and so g.m.

2t

of Sirens, L. 712. Metonymy for"Sea," L. 1069

Teucri, C. iii. 231Teucrus, (1) s. of Telamon andHesione, h.b. of Aias, L. 450 ff. ;

(2) s. of Scamandrus and Idaia,leads the Teucri fi-om Crete toTroy, fights with field mice whichdevoured his army's weapons,L. 1306. His d. Arisba marriesDardanus, and so Teucrus be-comes ancestor of the Trojanroyal house, L. 1306 ff.

Teutarus, L. 56, 458, 917Thales, (1) B. Mii. 1 ; (2) I. 1. 115,

134 ; 3 ; 4Thaumas, s. of Oceanus and Gaia,

f. of Iris, C. iv. 67, 232Theaetetus, E. ix. 1

Thebes, L. 433, 602, 1194Theiodamas, C. iii. 161Thelpusa. See TelphusaThemis, L. 129, 137Themiscyra, t. in Pontus at mouth

of the Thermodon, home of theAmazons, L. 1330

Thenae, t. in Crete near Cnossus,C. i. 42 f.

Theocritus, E. liii. 1

Theogenes, Ait. i. 1. 21

Theoinus = Dionysus, L. 1247Theotimus, E. xlii. 5

Thera, C. ii. 73, 75 (bis). The leaderof the Spartan colony to Therawas Theras, s, of Autesion, s. ofTisamenus, s. of Thersandrus, s.

of Polyneices, s. of Oedipus, henceeKTOV yeVos OiSiTroSao, C. ii. 74

Therapna (Therapnae), village in

Laconia with temple of the Dios-curi, L. 586 ff.

Theris, E. xiii. 2

Therium, Bestia, Fera, The Beast,S. constellation, A. 442, 662

Thermodon, (1) r. in Pontus, nearwhich dwell the Amazons, L.

1234; (2) r. in Boeotia nearTanagra, tributary of Asopus(Paus. ix. 19. 4), L. 647

Thermydron, harbour of Lindos in

Rhodes, L. 924Thersites, s. of Agrius, an Aetolian,the ugliest man at Troy (Horn. II.

ii. 212 ff.), L. 1000

641

INDEX

Theseus, C. iv. 308, 313, H. i. 1,

I. 1. 274, f. of Acamas, L. 494,

s. of Aegeus or Poseidon andAethra, d. of Pittheus of Troezen.When Aegeus left Aethra he hidhis sword, shoes, and girdle undera rock (Callim. Hec'. fr. 66) as

anagnorismata which Theseus,when he grew up, should bringto him in Athens and thereby berecognized, L. 494 ff., 1322 ff. Hewas one of the five husbands of

Helen, L. 143, 147, 505, and, ac-

cording to one version, Iphigeneiawas d. of Theseus and Helen, L.

103. He accompanied Heraclesagainst the Amazons, L. 1327-40

;

died and was buried in Scyrus,L. 1324 ff.

Thespiae, t. in Boeotia, C. v. 60

;

Thespians, A. 223Thesprotians, L. 1441

Thessaly, C. iv. 103, 109, 140, E.

xxxii. 1, Ait. i. 1. 24

Thetis, d. of Nereus and Doris, L.

861, sister of Nesaia, L. 399 ; shehelped Zeus when Poseidon andAthena wanted to bind him, L.

400. She married Peleus to whomshe bore six sons whom she killed

in infancy by putting them in tire

to test their immortality ; theseventh, Achilles, was saved byPeleus, L. 179. Mourns the early

death of Achilles, C. ii. 20 ; cf. L.

240, 274, 857. A mixing -bowlwhich she received from Bacchusserves as urn for the ashes of

Achilles, L. 273. Buries theLocrian Aias, L. 398. Metonymyfor " Sea," L. 22

Thigros, t. in Caria, L. 1390

Thoas of Aetolia, s. of Andraemonand Gorge. . At the request of

Odysseus, Thoas scourged Odys-seus to enable him to enter Troyas a spy, L. 779 ff. After the fall of

Troy he goes with Nireus to Libya,Epeirus, and lUyria, L. 1011 ff.

Thoraios= Apollo, L. 352

Thracian, C. iii. 114, iv. 63, A. 355

(Boreas) ; Thracian drinking, Ait.

i. 1. 11

Thrambus, t. in Pallene, L. 1405

642

Thrascias, N.N.W. wind,^L.':925Thra80 = Athena, L. 936 < ;

'

ITironion, (1) t. in Epeius, L. 1045 ;

(2) t. in Locris, L. 1148Thuria = Demeter, L. 153Thysai = Thystades - Thyiades,female Bacchants, L. 106

Thyterion, Ara, The Altar ; S. con-stellation, A. 404, 408, 434, 440,

692, 710Tilphusius = Apollo, L. 562, from

his sanctuary at Tilphossa nearHaliartus in Boeotia

Timarchus, E. xii. 1

Timodemus, E. xl, 3Timon, E. iii. 1, s. of Echecratides,

KoA.A.uTevs, famous misanthropetowards end of fifth century b.c.

Timonoe, E. xvii. 1

Timotheus, E. xvii. 2Tiphys, s. of Agnius, from Tiphae

(Sipliae) near Thespia, was pilotof the Argo, L. 890

Tiryns, t. in Argolis, native townof Amphitryon, hence Heracles,C. iii. 146, is Tipvi/flto? dic/Awv

Titanis = Tethys, L. 231, C. iv.

17Titans, C. iv. 174Titaron, t. in Thessaly, home ofMopsus, L. 881

Titarus, mt. in Thessaly, L. 904Tithonus, s. of Laoraedon andStrymo or Rhoeo, and thus half-

brother of Priam (s. of Laomedonand Leucippe). On account ofhis beauty he was carried off byBos to Aethiopia, obtaining thegift of immortality but noteternal youth, L. 18 ff.

Tito= Eos, L. 941Titon, mt. in Thrace, iL. 1406Titonian, L. 1276Tityus, s. of Gaia, giant who in-

sulted Leto (or Artemis herself),

and was slain by Artemis, C.iii. 110

Tmarus (Tomarus), hill near Do-dona in Thesprotia (Hesychiusmentions a Tmarion hill in

Arcadia), C. vi. 52

Tmolus, (1) mt. in Lydia, L. 1351,

I, 1. 201 ; (-2) s. of Proteus andTorone, L. 124

INDEX

Torone, wife of Proteus, afterwliom is named Torone in Chal-ciclice, L. 115

Toxeuter or Toxotes, Sagittarius,The Archer, 9th zodiacal sign,A. 306, 400, 506, 547, 665, 673

Toxon, the bow of the preceding,A. 301, 305, 506, 621, 623, 664,

665, 965Trachis, t. founded by Heracles at

foot of Mt. Oeta, L. 905Trambelus, s. of Telamon andHesione (?) or another, and sobrother or half-brother of Teu-crus, L. 467

Trampya, t. in Epeirus with oracleof Odysseus, L. 800

Traron, L. 1158Tricephalus = Hermes, L. 6S0Trimorphus=; Hecate, L. 1176Trinacia or Trinacria, old name of

Sicily from its three promon-tories (afcpai), C. iii. 57 ; also

called TpiSeipos, L. 966Triopas, the stemma is :

Aeolus

Poseidon—Canace

Triopas

ErysichthonTriopas was king in Thessaly, C.

vi. passim, L. 1388 if. See Ery-sichthon

Tripodiscus, Ait. i. 10Triptolemus, C. vi. 22Triton, s. of Poseidon and Araphi-

trite, and so g.s. of Nereus, L.

34,886,892. Metonym. = Nile, L.

119, 576, Ait. i. 5

Tritonis Limne, lake in Cyrenaica.Triton shows the Argonauts theway out of it to the sea and

: receives a mixing - bowl fromMedeia as reward, L. 886 ff.

Troezen, t. in Argolis, C. iv. 41,w cult of Aphrodite, L. 612Troilus, L. 307-313, F. 115Tropaia = Hera as goddess of

victory, L. 1328

Trychai or Trychas, mt. in Euboea,L. 374

Tunic, Artemis of the. See ChitoneTydeus, s. of Oineus, f. of Diomede,

L. 1066Tylesian hills, unidentified hills in

Italy, L. 993Tymphaea, district in Epirus, L.

802, C. iii. 178 (v.l.)

Tymphrestus, mt. in W. Thessaly,L. 420, 902

Tyndareus, s. of Oebalus, L. 1125,husband of Leda, f. of Helen,Clytaemnestra, and the Dioscuri

Tyndaridae, E. Ivii. 3Typhoeus or Typhon, a giant, f. byEchidna, L. 1353, ot the dogOrthrus, Chimaera, etc. Hislair in Cilicia, L. 825, buriedunder Pithecusa, L. 688 - 693 ;

Achilles is called the PelasgianTyphon, L. 177

Typhon 's wife = Echidna, L. 1353Tyrrhenian Sea, L. 715, 1085Tyrsenus, L. 1351 ff.

Twins, The. See Didymi

Umbrians, L. 1360Upis, (1) d. of Boreas, C. iv. 292

;

(2) by-name of Artemis, C. iii.

204, 240Uranidae, sons of Uranus, C. i. 3

Uranus, mutilated by Cronus, L.

869

Xanthus, r. and t. in Lycia, C. iv,

305Xene= Aphrodite, L. 832Xenomedes, Ait. iii. 1. 54Xerxes, King of Persia, L. 1413Xiphephorus, sword - bearer =Demeter, L. 153

Xuthidai, sons of Xuthus, f. of Ionand Achaius, hence lonians, L.987

Zarax, husband of Rhoeo, step-

father of Anius, L. 580 ; hill in

Euboea, L. 373Zephyrinm, E. vi. 1

Zephyrus, the W. wind, C. ii. 82

Zerynthia, of Zerynthus in Samo-thrace, (1) = Aphrodite, L. 449,

958; (2)= Hecate, L. 1178Zerynthus, t. in Samothrace, L. 77

643

INDEX

Zethus, s. of Zeus and Antiope, b.

of Amphion. He and Amphionbuilt the walls of Thebes,Amphion moving the stones totheir places by the music of hislyre, Zethus by sheer strength,L. 602

Zeus, passimZodiac, The, A. 544, where for

ZoitStov of all Mss. and E.M. s.v.

Voss conjectured ^(a'CSCtnv, Cf.Arist. Meteor, i. 6, i. 8, etc.

Zosterius = Apollo, L. 1278

THE END

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AENEAS TACTICUS, ASCLEPIODOTUS and ONESANDER, TheIllinois Club.

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EUSEBIUS, Kirsopp Lake.

GREEK IAMBIC AND ELEGIAC POETS, E. D. Perry.

GREEK LYRIC POETS, J. M. Edmonds.HIPPOCRATES, W. H. S. Jones.

HOMER : ILIAD, A. T. Murray.

ISOCRATES, G. Norlin.

LIBANIUS, Wilmer Cave Wright.

LONGINUS, W. Hamilton Fyfe.

MANETHO, S. de Ricci.

MENANDER, F. G. Allinson.

PAPYRI, A. S. Hunt.

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY.

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PLUTARCH : MORALIA, F, C. Babbitt.

POLYBIUS, W. R. Paton.

ST. BASIL : LETTERS, Prof. Van Den Ven.

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XENOPHON : SCRIPTA MINORA, E. C. Marchant.

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AMMIANUS, C. U. Clark.

AULUS GELLIUS, S. B. Platner.

BEDE : ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, Rev. H. F. Stewart.

CICERO : AD FAMILIARES, B. O. Winstedt.

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LUCAN, S. Reinach.

LUCRETIUS, W. H. D. Rouse.

OVID : TRISTIA and EX PONTO, A. L. Wheeler.

PLINY: NATURAL HISTORY, F. G. Moore.

ST. AUGUSTINE : MINOR WORIl^j, Rev. P. Wicksteed.

SCRIPTORES HISTORIAE AUGUSTAE, D. Magie.

SENECA : MORAL ESSAYS, J. W. Basore.

STATIUS, H. G. Evelyn White.

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