CaliforniaZNE 2020

“Big Bold Energy Solutions”

A Panel Discussion withDylan Connelly, PEGerard Lee, AIAJohn Sarter, ContractorModerated by Michael Wong, AIA

14 April 2015https://www.facebook.com/pages/AIA-COTE-SF/1376221932646041?fref=ts

KEY MESSAGE

In 2008, the California Energy Efficiency strategic Plan included the goal that all new residential building would be zero net energy building by 2020

All new commercial buildings will be zero net energy building by 2030

50% of the Public building stock in CA to be renovated to N+ by 2030

CA – TITLE 24 ZNE HOME PLAN

CA – TITLE 24 ZNE HOME PLAN

Two Things

Low Demand Building

Efficiency Insulate (minimize thermal

bridging, HP windows) Stop Air Infiltration Ventilation with Heat

Recovery Low Plug Loads

Energy Generation

PV

Wind

etc.

Two Questions:

How do you know if you are doing enough?

How do you know when you are doing too much?

Answer:

Building Energy Model along with a building that designed to be modeled (i.e. air tight with thermal bridges quantified)

With an accurate model and an “efficiency” knowledgeable contractor, the cost premium may then be in the range of 5-10% for a super efficient building (not including power generation)

Panelists Links

John Sarter:http://www.offthegriddesign.org/

https://www.honestbuildings.com/John-Sarter#.VS7hm6Pn9UY

Gerard Lee:http://www.harleyellisdevereaux.com/

http://www.harleyellisdevereaux.com/about/our_people

Dylan Connelly:http://www.integralgroup.com/dpr-san-francisco-net-positive-project-wins-several-awards/

http://www.integralgroup.com/contact-us/united-states/oakland/

Educate yourselfBackground Info

http://www.energydataweb.com/cpucFiles/pdaDocs/904/California_ZNE_Technical_Feasibility_Report_Final.pdf

http://www.pge.com/en/mybusiness/services/training/pec/index.page

https://www.honestbuildings.com/project/#!/85159

Nuts and Bolts

http://www.passipedia.org/

http://www.passiv.de/komponentendatenbank/en-EN

http://passivhaustagung.de/Passive_House_E/PHPP.html

Passive House Alliance U.S.http://phaus.org/

http://greenspec.buildinggreen.com/blogs/sch-ck-isokorb-controlling-thermal-bridging

Additional Links:

NZE

Net Zero Energy Coalition

NESEA

Whole Building Design Guidehttp://www.wbdg.org/resources/netzeroenergybuildings.php

New Building Institute (under contract with CPUC)http://newbuildings.org/

Here is the "DOE Zero Energy Ready Home" program:http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-ready-home

Here also are some good ZNE building databases, some have links to systems, architects, builders, and products used:IEA http://iea40.buildinggreen.com/US DOE http://zeb.buildinggreen.com/GLOBAL http://www.enob.info/en/net-zero-energy-buildings/map/

Passive House:PHCAPhaus

Alternative construction/ Sustainable design

Cob Construction:http://www.nbne.org/natbuild/cob.php

http://www.thiscobhouse.com/

http://www.motherearthnews.com/green-homes/natural-building/cob-building-basics-zm0z13onzrob.aspx

Straw Bale: http://www.wikihow.com/Build-a-Straw-Bale-House

Zero Net Energy Design and ConstructionApril 14, 2015

WEB Resources

Building Green

Building Green

www.buildingGreen.com

Various publications available

Provides seminars

See PG&E Energy center

Nuts & Bolts

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NREL

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

www.osti.gov/bridge

www.nrel.gov

DOE Building in Golden Colorado (>375,000sf LEED Platinum , verified ZNE)

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CHPS (Collaborative for High Performance Schools)

National Best Practices Manual

Available online

Very good fundamental information about designing using passive strategies

NYSERDA used to host a certification course for CHPS

http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/

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Sustainable Design Resources

Other Web Resources

Whole Building Design Guidehttp://www.wbdg.org/resources/netzeroenergybuildings.php

New Building Institute (has largest comprehensive database of verified ZNE buildings and lots of online tools)http://newbuildings.org/

PG&E Energy Center: (check out the heliodon) http://www.pge.com/en/mybusiness/services/training/pec/index.page

International Living Future Institutehttp://living-future.org/

The Solar Plannerhttp://www.thesolarplanner.com/array_placement.html

The Solar Plannerhttp://www.thesolarplanner.com/array_placement.html

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Alternative Construction Methods

Cob Construction:http://www.nbne.org/natbuild/cob.phphttp://www.thiscobhouse.com/http://www.motherearthnews.com/green-homes/natural-building/cob-building-basics-zm0z13onzrob.aspx

Ram Earth:http://www.nareba.org/http://www.sirewall.com/ (SireWall system)

Straw Bale: http://thelaststraw.org/http://www.wikihow.com/Build-a-Straw-Bale-House

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Please note:

ZNE swimming pool

DPR CONSTRUCTION | SAN FRANCISCON+ Energy Retrofit

• A building that generates MORE

clean energy over the course of a

year than it uses without the use of

fossil fuels (ILFI Requirement – not

CA code).

EUI TARGETPathways to N+

The Miller Hull Partnership

EUI TARGET

Presenter

Presentation Notes

DYLAN

Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) System• 100% Electric• Single outdoor air source heat pump• Individual zone control• Fast acting cooling/heating• Can be ducted or non ducted in the zones• Refrigerant Heat recovery between zones• Excellent partial/low load efficiencies.

Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) System• 100% Outside air• Demand controlled based on CO2• Heat recovery in a mild climate = no

conditioning of the ventilation at the unit• Smaller ductwork to the zones even with

increased ventilation amounts

Net Zero OfficeBenefits of VRF and DOAS

Net Zero HouseBenefits of VRF and DOAS

Net Zero HouseBenefits of VRF and DOAS

Presenter

Presentation Notes

DYLAN

EVALUATE OPTIONS

Big Ass Fans = Expanded Comfort

METERING FOR NET ZERO

METERING FOR NET ZERO

METERING FOR NET ZEROTrend Analysis

Night Time events

Kill switch and morning warm up issues

METERING FOR NET ZERO

Trends: Typical Week Profile – Total Building Energy Use

10:00 PM

METERING FOR NET ZERO

METERING FOR NET ZEROCumulative Net Site Energy vs Actual

COST OF N+

1998-2013 Reported PV System prices fell an average 6-8% a year

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/62558.pdf

COST OF N+$ of PV

COST OF N+$ of PV

(PV) system prices dropped by 12 - 19 percent nationwide in 20132014 Prices are expected to have dropped another 3 - 12 percent

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/62558.pdf

COST OF N+$ of PV

Reported price differentials across states reflect a wide array of potential factors, including: market size and maturity, incentive levels, sales taxes, administrative costs, labor costs, and project characteristics.

COST OF N+$ of PV

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/62558.pdf

COST OF N+Photovoltaics

http://wwww.hanlonengineering.com/

COST OF N+

COST OF N+

4-5 times as efficient per SF of roof as PV

Can meet the needs of 50-70% of the year for offices.

AIASF 2020 Bringing ZNE HomeApril 14, 2015

WEST BERKELEY PUBLIC LIBRARYA Certified Zero Net Energy Building

1/2 mile10 min. walk

1 mile20 min. walk

West Berkeley Library

Photo Credit This Slide- David Wakely

First Public Library in California to be Certified NZEB by ILFI

BDA Design Award winner

1st ZNE public library in CA

2nd ZNE library in CA

2nd ZNE public library in USA

2nd ZNE Municipal building in CA

3rd ZNE Municipal building in USA

Largest (by sq ft) ZNE library building in USA as of February 2015

Stats provided by New Building Institute (NBI) f F b

NZEB Certified!44

1/2 mile10 min. walk

1 mile20 min. walk

West Berkeley Library

Site Location

46

Solar Access – Optimum Roof Height

“Every hour, the sunradiates more energy onto the earth than the entire human population uses in onewhole year.”

47

Daylight Modeling

Floor Plan – Overcast Sky JUNE 21

Analysis Grid06-21 Clear 1200 FalloffsValue Range: 0.00-200 fc

Building Section

Day Lighting Design Tools

Daysim- annual daylighting analysis with weather data

Radiance –illuminance maps based on specific times

Use the right tool

Daysim was more user friendly in early design phases

48

Natural Ventilation Analysis

Natural Ventilation –Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Studies

Fluent (AnsysAirpak)

Various ceiling configurations and shapes were analyzed

CFD analysis indicated - horizontal ceiling plane works as well as a sloped ceiling

Comfort Verification Studies – Additional CFD analysis was done during late design for verification purposes

Comfort verification studies by Capital Engineering/ SEED Inc.

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50

Zero Net Energy Features

51

Renewable On-site Energy Supply

52

Whole Building Energy Analysis

Reduce building energy consumption before designing for renewables

EUI

Bas

elin

e B

uild

ing

(T24

) 35

Title 24 modeled with EnergyProWhole Building Simulation Energy Modeled with DesignBuilder

Actu

al E

UI 2

4.1

53

Trending Data

54

97.1% FSC Wood content

3x8 wood studs @ 24” on center

Wood is thermally efficient vs. steel stud

7 ¼” of wall cavity filled with rock wool insulation = R30

2 layers of Roxul in roof/ ceiling =R41

5 week lead time from Canada

Good acoustics, high thermal & hygrothermalperformance, fire protection, moisture & mold resistant and will not sag

Roxul Rock Wool Insulation

55

Lessons In The Field

Unseen But Important-Roof BOD -Performance

requirements

PV Sub -Install Off the Rack Systems

Structural issues!

Resolve Issues, Find Solutions and be ZNE Aware

Integrated Designs Are Not Friendly Towards Field Changes

PV emergency shut off -within 10’ of Main Switch Gear (MSB)

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Lessons In The Field

PV & Solar Thermal Do not exceed

zoning height limitations

Low slope roofs –HED detailed for stanchions.

Standard wood curbs preferred by subs can impede flow and affect collector plate angles

Stanchions allow for future technology, reroofing, ease of maintenance.

57

Radiant Slab Triple Wall Radiant

Tubing

4” of Radiant Concrete Slab over 2” of Rigid Insulation. 6” Curbs.

Curb cutouts -manifolds & construction access-cherry pickers.

Check manifold design & tubing layout for proper zoning

Template Layout/ Protection plates -avoid punctures

Educating the othersubcontractors is KEY

Radiant Floors

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PV & Solar Thermal Learning curve

Not your standard electrical/ mechanical room

Plan for issues in the field where Design Build systems are concerned

Lessons In The Field

59

Runtal Radiators

Runtal Radiators Provides preheating

of fresh air in the winter

Long lead time 6-8 weeks

Concerns about appearance and perception

Standard Runtalheights are limited

HED worked with fabricator to increase fin spacing & revised pressure and flow design

60

Day Light & Lighting Controls

Daylight Harvesting Daylight Sensors –

(1) at skylights & (1) at entry

Tied to lighting panel and controls lights -dimmable vs on/off

Dimmable lights need delay

Shades affect sensors

Commissioning is necessary to trouble shoot lighting

Photo Credit- David Wakely 61

Cement Composite Panel Rain Screen

High Performance Rain Screen System

14 Week Lead time from Switzerland –No comparable local product

HED arranged for contractor to obtain manufacturer certification

HED revised details to reduce steel furring use by 50%

Reduced material use, errors, labor and possibility for breakage during installation

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Extensive Bioclimatic Studies & Energy Modeling -Critical

Anticipate Changes in Technology

Design & Define Performance Criteria for Design/Build Systems –PV/ Solar

Educate Everyone!

Commissioning –Data, Performance, Metrics –Stay the Course.

Key Lessons63Photo Credit- David Wakely

University Avenue View

Photo Credit- Mark Luthringer

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Project Team65

Client: City of Berkeley/ Berkeley Public LibraryArchitect: Harley Ellis DevereauxCM: Kitchell, CEMContractor: West Bay BuildersCivil: Moran EngineeringLandscape: John North Roberts & AssociatesStructural: TippingMarMEP: Timmons Design + Harley Ellis DevereauxSustainability: Harley Ellis DevereauxCXa: Orry NottinghamAV/IT: SFMILighting: Max PiersenSignage: Bruning AssociatesUtility Grant: Savings by Design PG&E

For More Info Contact:Harley Ellis Devereaux360 17th St., Suite 210Oakland, CA 94612

Gerard Lee, AIA LEED AP BD+Cgklee@hedev.com510-285-2373

Ideas