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Transcript of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona POMONA.
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
POMONA
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
CSU PomonaMaster’s of Public Administration/
Political Science
December 1, 2005
Weed & Seed Program Evaluation
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Weed & Seed Program Evaluation
• “The Team”
• Pre-Test Phase
• Program Implementation
• Post-Test Phase
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Weed and Seed Strategy
What issues were the focus of the evaluation?
• Law Enforcement• Community Policing• Prevention – Intervention – Treatment• Neighborhood Restoration
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Evaluation Overview
• Evaluation Reinforced Some Assumptions
• New Issues Emerged– Differences among the districts – Useful for implementation
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Program Environment andCurrent Operations
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Current Operations and Environment
•Pomona Police Department
•Patrol Division
•Records Division
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Patrol Division
• Strengths– Officers work well as a team– Familiarity with assigned
neighborhood– Information sharing
• Challenges– Residents hesitancy to talk with police– Cultural & language barriers– Shortage of officers
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Patrol Division
• Possible effects of Weed & Seed– Bottleneck of the adjudication process– Potential delay in calls for service– Hindrance to the patrol process
• Survey Analysis– Residents feelings toward their
neighborhood
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Records Division
Function•Records Management System
•State Criminal Justice databases
•Report Statistics to DOJ & State
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Records Division
• Strengths – Manager Judy Ramsey– Staff
• Challenges– Cumbersome paper system– Backlog– Employee retention– Lack of resources
• Potential effect of weeding
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Focus Groups and
Elite Interviews
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
FOCUS GROUP
Federal vs. Local
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
•Reducing Crimes•Establishing or improving after-school programs•Integrating social services and delivery of those services•Employment of more youth in an effort to increase their participation in the community, and•Empowering residents by encouraging them to cooperate with each other and participate in the improvement of their community’s quality of life. Also a renewed focus on the literacy of youth and residents is a program goal.
Ways the Weed and Seed Committee intended to measure Success
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Elite Interviews
• Areas of agreement:– Presence of gangs– Lack of youth programs– Cultural barriers and the need for the
assimilation of new immigrants into the community, and
– Lack of trust between residents and the City’s Police Department
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Elite Interviews – Differences and Challenges
• Differences among Committee members:– Residents lack of education– Concerns about the influence of
unelected representatives on programs and policies, and
– The impact of old and perhaps outdated, infrastructure in the City
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Models for Success of the Weed and Seed Program
• Analysis suggested four (4) models that the Weed and Seed Program should focus on:1. High Blight = High Crime: focus
resources on physical restoration of the area
2. Youth Development = New City: focus resources on serving young children and youth, making a positive impact on their future
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Models For Success (cont’d)
3. Diversity…A Gap Breaker: Focus on gaining a better understanding of immigrant and non-immigrant issues and work to resolve them.
4. Community Policing: The Pomona Police Department should focus on fostering positive community relations, particularly with the Spanish-speaking community of the target area, in a effort to gain their trust.
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Record Description and Analysis-City Wide
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Trends in Robbery Arrests for the City of Pomona from 1997-2003: Citywide and
Juveniles
140
120
100
80
7654321
Sequence
Logarithmic
Linear
Observed
Felony robbery arrests
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
7654321
Sequence
Logarithmic
Linear
Observed
Juvenile felony robbery arrests
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Juvenile Burglary Arrests (cont…)
70
60
50
40
30
7654321
Sequence
Linear
Observed
Juvenile felony arrests for burglary
•City Wide-Not Significant
•Juvenile-Significant
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Motor Vehicle Arrests (cont…)
240
220
200
180
160
7654321
Sequence
Felony arrests for motor vehicle theft
Quadratic
Linear
Observed
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
7654321
Sequence
Logarithmic
Linear
Observed
Juvenile felony arrests for motor vehicle theft
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Drug Arrest 1997-2003
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
7654321
Sequence
Quadratic
Linear
Observed
Felony arrests for narcotics
20
15
10
5
0
7654321
Sequence
Quadratic
Linear
Observed
Juvenile felony arrests for narcotics
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Trends in Adult Assault and Juvenile Rape 2001-2004
Linear Regression
2001.00 2002.00 2003.00 2004.00
year reported- city wide
80.00
90.00
100.00
110.00
120.00
130.00
adult agg. assault arrest = -22316.00 + 11.20 * yearR-Square = 0.44
Linear Regression
2001.00 2002.00 2003.00 2004.00
year reported- city wide
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
juv. rape arrest = -1199.00 + 0.60 * yearR-Square = 0.60
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Burglary Arrests: Adults and Juveniles
Linear Regression
2001.00 2002.00 2003.00 2004.00
year reported- city wide
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
juv burglary arrest = 10651.00 + -5.30 * yearR-Square = 0.56
Linear Regression
2001.00 2002.00 2003.00 2004.00
year reported- city wide
130.00
135.00
140.00
145.00
150.00
adult burglary arrest = 10750.00 + -5.30 * yearR-Square = 0.59
Compare w/ 1997-2003• not significant
Compare w/ 1997-2003•Declining pattern
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Auto Theft Arrests: Adults and Juvenile
Linear Regression
2001.00 2002.00 2003.00 2004.00
year reported- city wide
120.00
130.00
140.00
150.00
160.00
170.00
adult auto theft arrest = -21880.50 + 11.00 * yearR-Square = 0.46
Linear Regression
2001.00 2002.00 2003.00 2004.00
year reported- city wide
20.00
30.00
40.00
juv. auto theft arrest = 11050.00 + -5.50 * yearR-Square = 0.39
Compare w/ 1997-2003 •increasing pattern
Compare w/ 1997-2003 •decreasing pattern
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Juvenile Drug Arrests
Linear Regression
2001.00 2002.00 2003.00 2004.00
year reported- city wide
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
juv misdem. drugs arrest = -15798.00 + 7.90 * yearR-Square = 0.56
Compare w/ 1997-2003 •decreasing pattern of felony drug crimes
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Record Description and Analysis-By District
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
District Data
• The Weed & Seed districts report higher incidence of crimes in the following categories:
• Homicides• Rapes• Robbery• Assaults• Burglary• Larceny• Auto theft
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
0.44 1.44
8
39.33
13.89
52.33
40.11
108.33
0.06 0.723
12.28
7.39
31.44
17.06
37.61
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Homicides Rapes Robbery Assaults Burglary Larceny Auto Theft SeriousCrimes
Crime
Per
cen
tag
es
Weed & Seed
Typical District
Weed and Seed Area -VS- Typical District
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
District Data
• Actual Arrests in the Weed & Seed Districts almost tripled as compared to the Typical districts.
• District 84 reports more crime than Districts 83 and 87.
-District 84 residents are twice as likely to report assaults.
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
FIELD OBSERVATIONDESCRIPTION AND
ANALYSIS
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Field Observations
•The Instrument–DOJ Framework–Descriptive Definitions
•Observers–Gender–Ethnicity
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Field Observations
Private Areas
Public Areas
Both
Glass 15.8% 10.5 6.0%
Garbage 21.1 17.3 19.5
Graffiti 17.3 12. 5.3
DEBRIS
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Field Observations
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Field Observations
848783
police reporting dist
50
40
30
20
10
0
% o
bs
erv
ed
ve
hic
les
mo
vin
g-6
or
mo
re
44.83%
32.61%
24.07%
Traffic
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Field Observations
Police Observation
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Field Observations
• Pets, Odors, Noise– Area, District,
North/South– Observers’
Gender/Ethnicity
• People– Adults observed
most frequently– Area, District,
North/South– Observers’
Gender/Ethnicity
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Survey Overview and Description of Process
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Resident Surveys
• When, Where, and How• Neighborhood conditions: - Police, City Services, Crime - Now vs. 2 years ago• Conducted on last weekend of October
2005• Population 14,664 => 326 Surveys• Target Area Parameters: 60 Freeway
South, Lexington Ave North, Reservoir Street East, 71 Freeway West.
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Districts
878483
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Survey Respondents
• Hispanic• Full time worker under 45• 2/3 Property owners• Income $35,000 to $50,000• 3 or fewer children
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Resident Surveys
13 Questions• 25% Neighborhood Perception No Serious Issue Differences• 24% Vandalism among youth• 26.1% Thought not an issue
• 23.3% Lack of jobs as a serious issue• 25.5% Do not know if it is or not
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Survey Analysis Neighborhood
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
•Asked 32 questions regarding their neighborhood
•Significance in only 8 areas
•5 of these areas showed moderate relationship vs strong relationship
Survey Analysis Neighborhood
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Do know/trust more or fewer * age in 3 groups
Survey Analysis Neighborhood
over 5536-55under 36
age in 3 groups
50
40
30
20
10
0
% k
no
w a
nd
tru
st
mo
re
th
an
2 y
ears
ag
o
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
How residents viewed drug usage in their neighborhood
Survey Analysis Neighborhood
87 rpt. district84 rpt. district83 rpt district
District of PPD
50
40
30
20
10
0
% r
esp
on
ses
illeg
al d
rug
use
isse
rio
us
pro
ble
m
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Views on Robberies Linked to Views on Gangs
Survey Analysis Neighborhood
no issueminormoderateserious
presence of gangs
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% v
iew
s t
ow
ard
ro
bb
ery
or
str
ee
t c
rim
e
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Views on Robberies Linked to Views About Jobs
Survey Analysis Neighborhood
no issueminormoderateserious
lack of jobs
50
40
30
20
10
0
%vi
ew
s t
ow
ard
ro
bb
ery
or
stre
et
cri
me
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Views on Robberies Linked to Drug Treatment
Survey Analysis Neighborhood
no issueserious
lack of drug treatment
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% v
iew
s t
ow
ard
ro
bb
ery
or
str
ee
t c
rim
e
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
EMPOWERMENT
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Neighborhood Empowerment
Stop Spray Painting
Neighborhood assessment
Take steps in getting city
services
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
What are the residents views about the likelihood of stopping spray painting
• 58% - Very likely• Over 55 – More
likely
TODAY VS. 2 YEARS AGO
• Equal percentage -More likely and no change
over 5536-55under 36
age groups (years)
80
60
40
20
0
% li
kely
to in
terr
upt y
outh
s sp
ray
pain
ting
76.09%
57.69%
50.93%
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
over 5536-55under 36
Age in 3 Groups
60
50
40
30
20
% lik
ely
of
yo
uth
s s
pra
y p
ain
tin
g
57.9
44.1
22.2
33.3
27.5
23.6
a. maleb. female
respondent's gender
Males are more likely to intervene than females
What are the residents views about the likelihood of stopping spray painting
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
• 68% - very likely to somewhat likely• 40% under the age of 36 – unlikely• Older residents – more likely
TODAY VS. 2 YEARS AGO
• Residents feel they are as willing to take steps today as they felt two years ago
What are the residents views about taking steps to get city services
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
• 48% - satisfied • 32.5% - somewhat
satisfied• Older - more
satisfied
TODAY VS. 2 YEARS AGO
• 42% - same• 33% - more
satisfied
What are the residents views of the neighborhood
over 5536-55under 36
age in 3 groups
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% s
atis
fied
with
nei
ghbo
rhoo
dco
mpa
red
to tw
o ye
ars
ago
84 rpt. district
87 rpt. district
83 rpt districtDistrict of PPD
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
• District 84 and 87 – more satisfied
• District 83 – less satisfied
• District 84 – as age increases, neighborhood satisfaction declined
TODAY VS. 2 YEARS AGO:• Owners – more satisfied
than renters
Which residents are dissatisfied with the neighborhood
renterowner
own or rent?
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% d
issat
isfied
with
neig
hbor
hood
com
pare
d to
two
year
s ago
83 rpt district
87 rpt. district
84 rpt. districtDistrict of PPD
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Crime and Safety
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Crime in the Neighborhood
• Difference between Districts
• District 83
PPD
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Safety in the Neighborhood
• Difference between Districts
• Large Percentages
PPD
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Safety and Gender
• Gender Differences
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Police and City Services
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Police and City Services
• Calls regarding family members were viewed more positively.
• Views regarding controlling the sale of illegal drugs were more negative.
• District 84 had most positive views of police.
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Police and City Services
• Police response to calls regarding a family member.– 36% working
outside of the home were very satisfied.
– 15% not working outside of the home very satisfied.
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Summary of Survey Findings
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
• Empowerment with spray painting varied by gender and age.
• Neighborhood satisfaction varied by district.
Summary of Survey
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Summary of SurveyKey Findings
• Whether residents trusted neighbors today versus two years ago varied by age.
• How residents viewed drug usage varied by district.
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
• Signs of home break-ins varied by districts.
• Concerns about safety after dark varied by district.
• District 83 reported more incidents with crimes.
Summary of Survey
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
• Economic factors as indicators of positive attitudes towards police:– Satisfaction with police response to call about
family member vs. working or not– Income vs. improvement of police
responsiveness over past two years
• Most likely to speak with police officers:– Renters vs. owners– Having 1 child or less in home
• District 84 showed most positive views of police
Summary of Survey
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Conclusions and Recommendations
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Crime
• Decline– Robbery arrests– Burglary arrests– Narcotics arrests
• Rise– Motor vehicle arrests– Juvenile rape cases– Adult assault arrests
• Lowest crime level: District 87• Highest crime level: District 84
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Neighborhoods
• Quality of structures– Good to excellent vs. fair to poor– Few physical problems– Exceptions:
• Litter• Traffic
• No police presence during the weekend• Major differences were between districts
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Districts
• District 87– Bordered by Reservoir and Towne– Least concern with crime– Most positive neighbor image
• District 84– Bordered by Garey and Towne– Most reported crimes and litter– Highest support for police efforts
• District 83– Bordered by 60 and 71 freeways and Garey– Greatest amount of traffic– Highest number of residents feeling unsafe
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Recommendations
• Encourage anonymous tips• Customize programs for district
needs• Expand daytime role of officers• Additional personnel and/or
technology resources
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
MPA/PLS thanks to :
Pomona City Manager's Office
Weed and Seed Committee
California State Attorney General's Office
Pomona Police Department especially the:
Patrol Division
Records Bureau
Cadet Program
CSU Pomona's Kellogg Foundation and --
Participating Residents of Pomona's Weed and Seed area
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Thank you.Q&A in Multipurpose Room
POMONA