CALEA IMPLEMENTATION IN VoIP NETWORKS By Cemal Dikmen, Ph.D. General Manager Lawful Intercept...

CALEA IMPLEMENTATION

IN VoIP NETWORKS

ByCemal Dikmen, Ph.D.

General ManagerLawful Intercept Products

SS8 Networks, Inc.

Thursday - 02/24/05, 8:15-9:00am

Regulatory Update - VoIP

DoJ/FBI/DEA petition filed on 3/10/04 asked FCC to initiate proceeding to resolve outstanding issues delaying CALEA implementation.

FCC has initiated a process called Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) on 8/4/2004 to clarify the issues regarding interception of IP traffic. The comments from DoJ, service providers, and vendors were filed on 11/8/2004. The reply comments were filed on 12/22/2004. The decision is expected in mid 2005.

NPRM tentatively concludes that CALEA applies to: Facilities-based providers of broadband internet access; Providers of “managed” VoIP service.

Why both broadband and managed VoIP providers? Communications identifying information and content may only be available by access to

both broadband access and VoIP providers.

VoIP providers such as Vonage are probably going to be covered under CALEA under the FCC’s upcoming decision.

Peer-to-Peer communications such as Skype will probably not be covered under CALEA.

Regulatory Update – IP Data

Based on the NPRM on 8/4/2004, Facilities-based providers of broadband internet access are expected to be covered under the CALEA law.

Why broadband service providers? Communications identifying information and content may only

be available by access to both broadband access and VoIP providers.

The specifications for IP interception are not available yet. Old wiretap rules still apply – deliver everything to the LEA.

Likely cause concerns over privacy. Need to define call-identifying information clearly for Pen Register & Trap and Trace type court orders.

Regulatory Update - PoC

Push-To-Talk over Cellular (PoC) in many cases uses VoIP technology over wireless data networks.

Several major wireless service providers are planning PoC deployments.

FCC has already declared that Push-To-Talk over Cellular (PoC) is subject to the CALEA requirements.

TIA is working on creating new lawful intercept specifications for PoC. The new specifications are expected to be published mid 2005.

The difficulty is obtaining information and call events from all the conference participants.

Requirements for Lawful Interception

Access to the information – Define Intercept Access Points

Provision the court order and define the target’s identity at the Intercept Access Points

Receive information from the Intercept Access Points to/from the target’s communication channel

Format the intercepted information based on the standards

Filter the information based on the court order

Deliver the intercepted communications to one or more authorized law enforcement agencies

Collect, store, and analyze the intercepted communications

Common CALEA Implementation

InterceptAccessPoints(IAP)

DeliveryFunction

(DF)

CollectionFunction

(CF)

Call Data Events

(d-CII)

Call Content

(d-CC)

Provisioning

(a)

Call Content

(e-CC)

Call Data Channel

(e-CII)

CourtOrder

Service Provider LEA

Demarcation Point

Standards BasedHandover Interface

ProprietaryInternal Network Interface

SPAF

Lawful Intercept Standards

J-STD-025 Rev. A – For interception in wireless and wireline circuit-switched networks.

J-STD-025 Rev. B – For interception of packet data telecommunications services (e.g., cdma2000® packet data).

PacketCable™ – For interception of Voice over IP (VoIP) type telecommunications services. The first specifications for VoIP interception.

T1S1 T1.678 – Lawfully authorized electronic surveillance for voice over packet technologies in wireline telecommunications networks.

ETSI TS 101 671 – Defines the handover interface for interception of telecommunications traffic.

ETSI TS 133 106, 133 107, 133 108 – Define interception in a GPRS/UMTS network.

ETSI TS 102 232 – Defines the handover interface for IP delivery.

ETSI TS 102 233 – Defines the handover interface for E-mail interception.

Intercept Access Points in PacketCable™ Architecture

CMS (Call Management System)

The Call Management System (CMS) provides service to the subscriber. The CMS is responsible for intercepting the Call-Identifying information.

Cable Model Termination System (CMTS)

The Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) which controls the set of cable modems attached to the shared medium of the DOCSIS network. The CMTS is responsible for intercepting the Call Content, and certain call-identifying information.

Media Gateway (MG)

The Media Gateway (MG) is designated as an Intercept Access Point for purposes of intercepting Call Content for redirected calls to the PSTN.

PacketCable Voice Intercept - CMTS

Service Provider Domain

DELIVERY FUNCTION

CDCAdmin

CCC

LI Administration Function

DELIVERY FUNCTION

Law Enforcement Collection Function

Customer Premise

IAD (MTA)

Target Subscriber

Customer Premise IAD

(SIP, H.323, or MGCP based Gateway)

Call ManagementServer (CMS)

CMTSCMTS

War

ran

t Admin

CallControl

RTP Stream

CDC

COPS Request

Voice Packets

CallControl

PacketCable Voice Intercept – Media GW




PSTNCustomer Premise IAD


Target Subscriber


GatewayCMTS

XCIPIO SSDF

CallControl

Voice Packets

Forwarded Call

Call to Target

War

ran

t

CCC

Admin

CallForward to

PSTN

CDC

CDC

Admin

CDC

CDC

MGCP

DELIVERY FUNCTION

Session Border Controller for VoIP A single Intercept Access Point (IAP) for both call

identifying information and call content.

Eliminates the need to provision for call content interception in real-time.

Eliminates the dependency on the lawful intercept capabilities of the softswitch, trunking gateway, CMTS and/or edge routers.

Transparent handling of call forwarding type features.

Session Border Controller as IAPService Provider Domain


XCIPIO SSDF


Customer Premise

IAD

SBC

Cisco CMTS And Routers

Pro

visi

on

ing

of

War

ran

t

IRI

Provisioning and Call Events over TCP/IP

Based SS8 Interface

Admin

CC

IRI

CallControl

CallControl

CC

Target Subscriber



Technical Challenges

PacketCable is the most widely deployed implementation and it requires DQoS. Call content interception cannot be performed if CMTS does not support DQoS. This situation created new and different architectures which required Delivery Function to take an active role in call content interception.

Most of the network elements (Call Management Systems, Gatekeepers, Media Gateways, Aggregation Routers, CMTS, etc.) need to support lawful interception within the distributed IP environment.

CMS Subscriber Provisioning interface does not address lawful interception provisioning. The target provisioning requires proprietary interfaces.

It is extremely difficult (or sometimes impossible) to capture call identifying information and call content in some of the call features, specifically for the features implemented within the customer premise IAD.

Intercepting Conference Calls

Conferencing is implemented within the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) in some of the technologies. In this case, there is no way of knowing a conference is taking place.

Calls are intercepted as individual calls.

There is no call data information to report conference events.

Each leg of the call content is delivered to the LEA separately.

Hosted Conference Service


Target Subscriber


ConferenceServer

CMTS

CMTS

PSTN

TGW

1-800-CONFERENCE

IP Network

3rd Party Conference Service

Conference Service Provider


Target Subscriber


CMTS

CMTS

PSTN

TGW

1-800-CONFERENCE

IP Network

Real Life Problem ! ! !

Target Subscriber



CallControl

RTP Stream

CallControl

Associate


CMTSCMTS

VoIP Service Provider

AccessProvider

IP BackboneProvider

AccessProvider

Delivery Function As A Network Element

The Delivery Function should provide the user with:

Single point for surveillance administration

Built-in test tools for remote testing

Standard MML and remote GUI support

Alarm reporting and Error logging

Automatic software fault recovery

Automatic or manual disk backup

SNMP support for alarm reporting

Cemal Dikmen

[email protected]

Phone: +1.203.567.0603

http://www.ss8.com

Thank You ! ! !

CALEA IMPLEMENTATION IN VoIP NETWORKS By Cemal Dikmen, Ph.D. General Manager Lawful Intercept...

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