Calculus and Other Pre Dis Factors
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Transcript of Calculus and Other Pre Dis Factors
Historic background Before 1960calculus is the primary cause for periodontal disease
Current viewsplaque is the nidus
Definition Calculus is the hard deposit that forms by mineralization of dental plaque and is generally covered by a layer of unmineralized plaque. Calculus consist of mineralized bacterial plaque that forms on the surface of natural teeth and dental prosthesis
Types of dental calculusCalculus
Supra gingival
Sub gingival
Supra gingival calculusCoronal to gingival margin
Supragingival calculus is depicted on the buccal surfaces of maxillary molars adjacent to orifice for Stensons duct.
Extensive supragingival calculus on the lingual surfaces of lower anterior teeth.
Sub gingival calculusApical to gingival margin
Differences and prevalences
Different shapes of calculus on extracted teeth.
Sub gingival calculus interdental area
Dark pigmented deposits of subgingival calculus on the distal root of an extracted lower molar.
Composition of calculus Inorganic 70-90 % ca - 27-29 % Ph - 16 -18 % Carbonate 2 -3 % Na 1.5 -2.5 % Mg .6 - .8 % F .003 -.004 %
Inorganic Protein, poly sac ,epi cell ,lueko -1.9 -9.1 % Protein 5.9 8.2% Lipids .2 % Salivary glycoprotein galactose ,glucose, rhamnose,glucoronic acid
Inorganic component in crystal form Brushite 9% Hydroxyappatite 58 % Octa calcium phosphate - 12 % Whitlokite 21 %
Formation of calculus Mineralization starts at 50 % mineralize 60 -90% mineralize Maximum 1 to 14 days 2 nd day 12 days 10 week -6 month
Attachment of calculus By org pellicle Mech inter locking to surface irregularities Close adaptation to slopes Penetration of bacteria into cementum
Theories of calculus formation Precipitation of Ca and Ph ionsbooster mechanism Colloidal protein from saliva Phosphate liberated from plaque
Epitactic concept heterogeneous nucleation Inhibitory theory
Etiologic significant Interfere with normal cleaning mechanism Calculus is not a direct irritant -but close contact
Heavy calculus deposit on facial surface of lower cuspid with associated gingival recession.
Removal of plaque and calculus is the corner stone of periodontal therapy
Other predisposing factors
Iatrogenic factors Inadequate dental procedure that contribute to the deterioration of periodontal status Restoration RPDLocation of gingival margin Spaces Contour Occlusion Materials Procedures Design of RPD
Margin of restoration Change in ecology of sulcus Inhibit access to plaque control
Proximal restoration Removal of margin Sub gingival and supra gingival margins Rubber dam/matrix band Gingival cord
Overhanging margin of restoration and atrophied and inflamed gingival papilla.
Inflamed marginal and papillary gingiva adjacent to an overcontoured porcelainfused to metal crown on the maxillary left central.
Contour / Open contact Over contour Food impaction
Factorsuneven occl wear Open contact Extrusion Congenital morphologic abnormality Improper restoration Over bite
Plunger cusp
materials Self cure acrylic Other- biocompatible
Plaque retention psuedo pocket /inflammation
Inflamed palatal gingiva associated with a maxillary provisional acrylic partial denture.
Design of RPD Plaque accumulation Quantitative and qualitative [spirochete]
Mal occlusion
Tongue thrusting and mouth breathing
Anterior open bite with flared incisors as observed in association with a habit of tongue thrusting.
Ortho related Band / elastics Excessive forces Impacted canine extraction Bone height
Maxillary central incisors in which an elastic ligature was used to close a midline diastema.
A lower incisor depicting a prominent root without any attached gingiva and accompanying gingival recession.
Habit and self inflicted injuries Tooth pick wedging Finger nail bite Pizza burn Tooth brush trauma Smoking
A maxillary canine that illustrates gingival recession due to self-inflicted trauma by the patients fingernail.
Tobacco stains on the apical third of the clinical crown due to cigarette smoking.
Radiation therapy Ischemia ,fibrosis ,hypoxic, hypo vascularisation Mucositis, dermatitis fibrosis,trismus,osteoradionecrosisAntibiotics Atraumatic surgery Culture and sensitivity test Less LA usage vaso constictors Hyperbatic oxygen therapy
Thank you