Calculating the Recycling Efficiency Rate for Lead
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Transcript of Calculating the Recycling Efficiency Rate for Lead
Paul WhiteHead of Statistics and Forecasting
International Lead and Zinc Study Group
International Secondary Lead Conference1 September 2008 – Macau
Calculating the Recycling Efficiency Rate for Lead
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Presentation Outline
• Recycling in Context
• Need for a Standardised Approach
• Development of Common Metals Recycling Rates
• Focus on Lead
• Next Steps
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ILZSG Overview
Intergovernmental organization set up within the UN system
Significant level of industry representation
Established by UN in 1959 in New York
Moved to London in 1977
From start of 2006 ILZSG, ICSG & INSG co-located in Lisbon, Portugal
www.icsg.org www.insg.org
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ILZSG Membership
Membership open to any country involved in lead and/or zinc production, usage, or trade.
30 members (>85% of global lead/zinc industry):
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
China
Finland
France
Germany
India
Iran
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea Rep.Morocco
Serbia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Thailand
United States
European Community
Namibia
Netherlands
Norway
Peru
Poland
Portugal
Russian Fed.
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ILZSG Overview – Work of the Group
Promote Market Transparency
– Closely monitor production, consumption, prices, stocks, trade flows and market balances
– Reports and directories
Facilitate Co-operation Between Government and Industry
– Twice yearly meetings
– Special conferences/seminars
In-depth Research into Issues of Interest/Concern to Members– Environmental legislation– Economic developments
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Recycling in Context
• Legislation increasing– EU Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of
Natural Resources– OECD Material Flows and Resource Productivity
Programme– G8 “3R” Initiative– Numerous National Strategies– Landfill restrictions increasing
• Need for preparation
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Need for Standardised Approach I
• Performance of metals in recycling assumed to be good – but difficult to demonstrate and communicate
• Recycling rates often used in wrong context– Performance of metals may be
underestimated– Potential for increasing metals recycling
may be overestimated
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Need for Standardised Approach II
• Definitions applied to metals recycling have not been consistent across different metals and different regions
• Need to harmonize methodologies and calculate consistent rates resulted in creation of Recycling Project Team (RPT) in 2003
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Recycling Project Team
ILZSG, ICSG, INSG European Aluminium Association (EAA) European Copper Institute (ECI) European Nickel Industry Association Eurofer Eurometaux International Lead Association (ILA) International Wrought Copper Council (IWCC) International Zinc Association (IZA) Nickel Institute Org of Aluminium Refiners and Remelters (OEA) International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM)
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RPT Objectives
1. Develop common set of recycling indicators to be used by the whole NFM Industry
2. Facilitate collection of necessary data and monitor methodology used to calculate rates
3. Ensure proper communication to all stakeholders
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Development of Rates
• Variations in processing and use of different metals had to be taken into consideration
• Agreed set of rates developed over 2 year period
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Life cycle
Mining/Concentrates
Metal
Semi’s
Products
Prod. at end-of-life
Metal collected
Metal recycled
Refining, Smelting -> Waste
Processing -> Residues
Manufacturing -> Scrap
Dissipative uses
Hoarding – Dispersed (Municipal waste stream)
Landfilled
Source: IZA / ILZSG
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Life cycle
Smelting -> Waste
Processing -> Residues
Manufacturing -> Scrap
Dissipative uses
Hoarding – Dispersed(Municipal waste stream)
Landfilled
New scrap
1 to 6 months
Mining/Concentrates
Metal
Semi’s
Products
Prod. at end-of-life
Metal collected
Metal recycled
Source: IZA / ILZSG
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Life cycle
Smelting -> Waste
Processing -> Residues
Manufacturing -> Scrap
Dissipative uses
Dispersed(Municipalwaste stream)
Landfilled
Old scrap
1 to 100
years
Mining/Concentrates
Metal
Semi’s
Metal in products
Prod. at end-of-life
Metal collected
Metal recycled
Source: IZA / ILZSG
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Metal available for recycling (old + new scrap)
Collection & Recycling rates
Metal recycled Total metal production
RIR =
Recycled metalRER=
Recycling input rate
Overall Recycling Efficiency Rate
Metal recycled
Metal available for collection (old scrap) EOL/RER =
End of Life Recycling Efficiency Rate
Source: IZA / ILZSG
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Recycling Input Rate
Concentrates
Metal
Semi’s
Metal in products
Prod. at end-of-life
Metal collected
Metal recycled
Smelting -> Waste
Processing -> Residues
Manufacturing -> Scrap
Dissipative uses
Hoarding – Dispersed (Municipal waste stream)
Landfilled
RIR
Source: IZA / ILZSG
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RER
Recycling Efficiency Rate
Concentrates
Metal
Semi’s
Metal in products
Prod. at end-of-life
Metal collected
Metal recycled
Smelting -> Waste
Processing -> Residues
Manufacturing -> Scrap
Dissipative uses
Hoarding – Dispersed (Municipal waste stream)
Landfilled
New scrap
Source: IZA / ILZSG
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EOL/RER
End-of-Life Recycling Efficiency Rate
Concentrates
Metal
Semi’s
Products
Prod. at end-of-life
Metal collected
Metal recycled
Smelting -> Waste
Processing -> Residues
Manufacturing -> Scrap
Dissipative uses
Hoarding – Dispersed (Municipal waste stream)
Landfilled
New scrap
Source: IZA / ILZSG
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Additional Collection & Recycling rates (EOL)
Metal Collected
Metal available for collection from EOL scrap EOL/CR =
Metal recycled
Metal collected EOL/RR =
EOL Collection rate
EOL Recovery rate
Is the responsibility of the downstream sectors
Is the responsibility of the recyclers/metal producers
Source: IZA / ILZSG
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2005
80%
1%
6%
3%
2%
5%
3%
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Focus on LeadLead End Uses – 1960 vs 2005
Source: ILZSG
1960
27% 18%
18%
3%
11%10%
13%
BatteriesCable Sheathing
Rolled & ExtrudedShot/AmmunitionAlloysPigments & Compounds
Miscellaneous
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Recycling Input Rates (RIR) for lead
• Apparent RIRs for lead in 2008:
– Europe 71.2%
– Americas 77.1%
– Asia 34.8%
– World 52.1%
Source: ILA / ILZSG
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RIR is a Statistical Mesurement
• RIR does not provide information about recycling efficiency
• Calculation of RER requires additional research and analysis– product lifetimes– historical end use data– trade in lead containing products– trade in lead scrap– secondary lead production data
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Lead RER – Product Lifetimes
Product Lifetime (years)SLI batteries 5
Industrial batteries 10
Sheet and pipe 50
CRT glass 10
Crystal glass 50
Plastics stabilisers 20
Ceramic glazes 10
Electronic solders 10
Sporting shot 1
Shot (for alloying) 25
Gasoline additives 1
Cable sheathing 40
Miscellaneous 12 Source: ILA / ILZSG
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Lead RER for the EU15 in 2005
Product Lifetime (years)
Year lead originally used
Lead available for recycling in 2005* (tonnes)
SLI batteries 5 2000 736,000
Industrial batteries 10 1995 215,000
Sheet and pipe 50 1955** 221,000
CRT glass 10 1995 78,000
Crystal glass 50 1955** 40,000
Plastics stabilisers 20 1985 71,000
Ceramic glazes 10 1995 19,000
Electronic solders 10 1995 36,000
Sporting shot 1 2004 28,000
Shot (for alloying) 25 1980 16,000
Gasoline additives 1 2004 8,000
Cable sheathing 40 1965 396,000
Miscellaneous 12 1993 75,000
Total 1,939,000** Note: No data available, 1960 data used as surrogate Source: ILA / ILZSG
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Refinements Needed for Final Calculations
• Clarification of current status of cables
• Clarification of current status of lead pipe
• Factor trade in scrap into calculations
• Factor trade in lead containing products into calculations
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Next Steps
• Reactivate Recycling Project Team• Identify additional sources of data and facilitate
data collection• Continue to promote application of a common
methodology accross the metals• Conduct further work on material flow analysis
in cooperation with Yale University• Further examination and quantitification of
diffuse emissions• Workshop held in June with follow-up planned
for 2010
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THANK YOU!