Calculate Industrial Battery Hydrogen Gas Emission - GB Industrial Battery

11/17/2015 Calculate Industrial Battery Hydrogen Gas Emission GB Industrial Battery

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GB Home Email Tech Support Calculate Hydrogen Gas Emissions – Industrial Batteries When designing a battery room, ventilationrequirements need to be taken intoconsideration. Lead acid motive power batteriesgive off hydrogen gas and other fumes whenrecharging and for a period after the charge iscomplete.

Proper ventilation in the battery charging area isextremely important.

A hydrogeninair mixture of 4% or greatersubstantially increases the risk of an explosion.The concentration of hydrogen should be keptbelow 1% to provide a safety factor.

Hydrogen gas is colorless and odorless. It isalso lighter than air and will disperse to the topof a building.

• Calculating HydrogenConcentration

• Calculating Room Volume

• Determining VentilationRequirement

• Determining FanRequirement

• Do You Need ForcedVentilation

• Hydrogen Gas Detector(HGD1)

The information below is provided for reference only. State and local codes may apply that supersede theseguidelines. The following is for general understanding only, and GB Industrial Battery takes no responsibility forthese guidelines.

Step 1: Calculating Hydrogen Concentration

A typical lead acid motive power battery will develop approximately .01474 cubic feet of hydrogen per cell atstandard temperature and pressure.

H = (C x O x G x A) ÷ R

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(H) = Volume of hydrogen produced during recharge.

(C) = Number of cells in battery.

(O) = Percentage of overcharge assumed during a recharge, use 20%.

(G) = Volume of hydrogen produced by one ampere hour of charge. Use .01474 to get cubic feet.

(A) = 6hour rated capacity of the battery in ampere hours.

(R) = Assume gas is released during the last (4) hours of an 8hour charge.

Example: Number cells per battery = 24Ampere size of battery = 450 A.H.(H) = (24 x 20 x .01474 x 450) ÷ 4

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100

H = 7.9596 cubic feet per battery per hour

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Step 2: Calculating Room Volume

For a room with a flat roof volume is calculated W x L x H less the volume of chargers and other fixed objects inthe battery room.

W= WidthL = LengthH = Height

Example: Room size 80 feet long, 60 feet wide and 30 feet tall.

V = 60 x 80 x 30V = 144,000 cu.ft.

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Step 3: Determining Ventilation Requirement

Assume 75 batteries stored.

7.9596 x 75 = 596.97 cubic feet per hour (7.9596 calculated in Step 1)

Battery room 144,000 cu. ft. from example in Step 2

V = R x P ÷ H x 60 minutes

(V) = Ventilation required(R) = Room cu. ft.(P) = Maximum percentage of hydrogen gas allowed(H) = Total hydrogen produced per hour

V = 144,000 x .01% ÷ 596.97 x 60V = 144.73 or the air should be exchanged every 144.73 minutes (2 hours 24 minutes)

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Step 4: Determining Fan Requirement

Fan Size = R x 60 minutes ÷ V(R) = Room cu. ft.(V) = Ventilation required

144,000 x 60 ÷ 144.73 = 59’ 697.36 cu. ft. per hour or 995 CFM.

The ventilation system should be capable of extracting 59,697.36 cu.ft. per hour or 995 CFM.

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Step 5: Do You Need Forced Ventilation

In theory the 596.97 cu. ft./hr. only represents .004% which is < 1%. Therefore forced ventilation would not berequired for this example.

However, the following should be considered before ruling out forced ventilation:Is the battery room closed in or open? If closed in no natural ventilationmay be possible.Since hydrogen gas rises are there areas in the ceiling where gas maycollect in greater concentrations.

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The above calculation represents worse case scenario assuming allbatteries are gassing at the same time. This is highly improbable.

If natural ventilation is sufficient in an open area forced ventilation should not be required.

If your calculations determine a percentage <1% hydrogen concentration, we recommend a Hydrogen Gas Detectorfor safe measure, part number HGD1.

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Hydrogen Gas Detector (HGD1)

OperationShould the concentration of hydrogen gas in the air surrounding the sensor reach 1% by volume, the "1% caution"yellow LED will light and the 1% internal relay will close. Should the hydrogen gas concentration reach 2% byvolume, the "2% warning" red LED will flash and an 80 db alarm will sound; the 1% relay will remain closed and, ifa DualRelay model, the 2% internal relay will close. Either relay can activate a remote exhaust fan and/or alarm.

LocationHydrogen, colorless and odorless, is the lightest of all gases and thus rises. The detector, therefore, should beinstalled at the highest, draftfree location in the battery compartment or room where hydrogen gas wouldaccumulate.

The size of the area one detector will protect depends upon battery compartment room. The detector measures thehydrogen gas in the air immediately surrounding the sensor. If hydrogen gas might accumulate in several,unconnected areas in the compartment or room, individual detectors should be placed at each location.

Optional Accessories: steel junction box mounting on wall or ceiling; modular jack (with duplicate LEDs; test button;and buzzer if needed) for remote placement; telephonetype cable for connecting the modular jack to the detector.

Added BenefitsIn addition to protecting your employees and your property, the detector also may reduce the followingcosts:Electricity – Heating – Air Conditioning. Instead of continuously running an exhaust fan to prevent hydrogengas accumulation, use the detector to activate the fan only if the concentration reaches 1%. Insurance. Installationof a detector in areas where batteries are charged may result in a premium reduction.

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Calculate Industrial Battery Hydrogen Gas Emission - GB Industrial Battery

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