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Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Measurement and Evaluation Southern California Gas Company and San Diego Gas and Electric Company Final Report G. P. Sullivan G. B. Parker R. Pugh January 2008 Prepared for UCONS, LLC Battelle Project Number 52641 Prepared by Battelle—Pacific Northwest Division Richland, Washington 99352

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Disclaimer This report was prepared by Battelle Memorial Institute (Battelle) as an account of sponsored research activities. Neither Client nor Battelle nor any person acting on behalf of either: MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, process, or composition disclosed in this report may not infringe privately owned rights; or Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, process, or composition disclosed in this report. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by Battelle. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of Battelle.

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Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Measurement and Evaluation Southern California Gas Company and San Diego Gas and Electric Company Final Report G. P. Sullivan G. B. Parker R. Pugh January 2008 Prepared for UCONS, LLC Battelle Project Number 52641 Prepared by Battelle—Pacific Northwest Division Richland, Washington 99352

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January 2008 iii Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Executive Summary

The Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program (CLP) evaluation was undertaken by Battelle to evaluate the energy and hot-water use of existing soft-mount, family-sized, commercial clothes washers and new “replacement” soft-mount, family-sized, commercial clothes washers at properties participating in the Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program (CLP) in the Southern Cal Gas Company (SCG) and San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E) service territories.

The overall objective was to conduct in situ monitoring of at least 50 clothes washers at selected properties with gas water heating, either multifamily laundry rooms or coin-operated laundro-mats. The properties were to be representative of the mix of properties – and numbers of washers in each property – participating in the CLP. Thus, the mix included 21 clothes washers located at two commercial coin-operated laundromats and 32 clothes washers at four multifamily properties, for a total of 53 clothes washers. Descriptions and photos of the properties partici-pating in the evaluation are found in Appendix A.

To meet the program goals, Battelle designed and implemented a research agenda that included baseline (pre) metering of the conventional washers, followed by efficient (post) washer instal-lation and continued metering. All energy and hot-water inputs of the baseline and efficient equipment were end-use metered in addition to hot and cold water temperatures. Table S.1 pre-sents the clothes washers (pre and post) and the water heating equipment found at the six locations.

In total, over 10,000 washer cycles (pre and post) were analyzed in support of this effort. Roughly 6,900 cycles were analyzed for the pre period and 3,600 for the post period. In addition to the metered data, gas-fired water heater name-plate make, model, capacity, performance, and date-manufactured information was collected. These data were used to assess the thermal efficiency of the various water heaters at each site.

Figure S.1 presents the average per-cycle hot-water use by property location. The variability in the baseline (pre) hot-water use is directly related to the age of the baseline equipment. Property #1 reports the greatest baseline hot-water use, a direct function of the 17-year-old baseline washers. Property #3 reports the lowest baseline hot-water use, owing to fairly new and efficient baseline washers. While relatively consistent across property locations, variability in the efficient washer hot-water use is predominantly a function of user-selected cycle (e.g., the selection of warm versus hot wash cycles) at the different locations.

Figure S.2 presents the average annual therm savings per washer. These savings were calculated by using the average hot-water savings per cycle, the average temperature difference of the hot and cold water, the estimated rated thermal efficiency of the water heater, and the average of the recorded cycles per day per washer. The variability in therm savings is mostly influenced by the differences in hot-water savings and the average cycles per washer per day, from property to property.

Executive Summary

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program iv January 2008

Table S.1. Baseline (pre) and Retrofit (post) Equipment Specifications

Property Serving Utility

Baseline (pre) Clothes Washers

Retrofit (post) Clothes Washers Water Heaters

Property #1 SCG Los Lavaderos Coin-Operated Laundromat

Maytag Top Load LA23CD 8 clothes washers 17 years old Maytag MAT12PDAAL 3 clothes washers 8 years old

Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2(a)

National Boiler Raypack W-0926ABCDHDBC 16 years old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 80.5%

Property #2 SCG Mountainback Homes Multifamily

Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 9 clothes washers 4 years old

Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2

American Water Heater DCG31100T1996N 11 years old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 78.3%

Property #3 SCG Cypress Villa Apartments Multifamily

Maytag Top Load MAT12PDLAW 6 clothes washers 2 years old


Teledyne Laars PW 0400CN12CBACN Estimate 10 years old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 81.0%

Property #4 SCG Launderland Coin-Operated Laundromat

Speed Queen Top Load SWTT20QN 10 clothes washers 4 years old

Speed Queen Front Load SWFT71 CEE Tier 2

Ajax Boiler Co B4G – 57589 Natural gas fired 6 years old Rated efficiency 80.0%

Property #5 SDG&E Casa Celeste Multifamily

Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 13 clothes washers in 2 laundry rooms 8 years old


American Appliance Manufacturing MATO4T 20 years old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 75.0%

Property #6 SDG&E Sunset Trails Apartments Multifamily

Maytag Top Load MAT12PDLAW 4 clothes washers 3 to 4 years old


General Electric GG40T6XZ 20 years old Natural gas fired Rated efficiency 75.0%

(a) Consortium for Energy Efficiency (www.cee1.org).

As expected, Property #1 with the oldest set of washers and oldest overall average age of washers showed the greatest average annual therm savings, while Property #3 with the newest washers the least savings. Property #4 had lower-than-expected savings due to a reduction in cycles per day in the efficient (post) period. Upon further exploration it was found that, contrary to research protocol, the owner/operator of Property #4 had increased vend pricing from $0.75/cycle to $2.00/cycle, which resulted in a noticeable decrease in average cycles per day per retrofit washer, pre- to post-metering periods.

Executive Summary

January 2008 v Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Use

9.8

5.1

10.1

9.2

3.0 3.13.6

3.0 2.8

11.4

9.2

3.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Property#1

Property#2

Property#3

Property#4

Property#5

Property#6

Ave

rage

Hot

-Wat

er U

se (g

als/

cycl

e)

PrePost

Figure S.1. Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Use by Property Location

Average Annual Per Washer Therm Savings

107.7

24.6

57.5

70.4

72.8

53.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Property#1

Property#2

Property#3

Property#4

Property#5

Property#6

Ave

rage

Ann

ual T

herm

Sav

ings

(the

rms/

year

)

Figure S.2. Average Annual Per Washer Therm Savings by Property Location

Table S.2 summarizes the key data and findings of this study – including the average cycles per day, the per-cycle hot-water savings, and the average annual therm savings. Each of these metrics is provided specific to the participating property.

Executive Summary

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program vi January 2008

Table S.2. Commercial Laundry Program Summary Findings by Property Location

Property Servicing Utility

Average Cycles Per

Day Pre/Post

Average Hot-Water Savings (gallons/cycle)

Average Annual Energy Savings

Per Washer (therms/year)

Property #1 4.6/5.4 8.4 107.7

Property #2 4.5/3.4 6.6 72.8

Property #3 4.5/5.0 2.0 24.6

Property #4 4.6/2.4 6.5 53.5

Property #5 3.7/3.3 6.2 57.5

Property #6 4.3/4.2 6.4 70.4

As of mid-August 2007, the CLP had placed over 2,400 Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) 2007 Tier 1 and Tier 2 qualifying clothes washers. Based on these placements, the relative ages of the baseline clothes washers and the results of the field evaluation, the CLP-placed weighted annual therm savings is 64.3 therms per washer per year.

January 2008 vii Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Acknowledgments

This report is the result of numerous people working to achieve a common goal of improving energy efficiency in the commercial and multifamily laundry-sectors in the state of California.

The authors wish to acknowledge the significant contribution and valuable assistance provided by Tom Eckhart, founder and CEO of UCONS LLC, who supported and assisted in the design and development of this evaluation. Additional thanks go to the Cal-UCONS team of Steve Shallenberger, Jeremy Price, Jim Craft, and Dale Lessick for assistance provided in locating evaluation sites.

Special thanks go to the personnel with WEB Services Company who were instrumental in identifying evaluation sites, coordinating with owners, and assisting with access and equipment set-up and change-out. In particular, Susan Castang, Richard Kay, Don James, and Jamie Crawford, whose help was greatly appreciated. Additional thanks go to Enrique Del Rivero of Los Laverderos and Rick Juarez of Launderland for assistance and access to their Laundromats.

Appreciation is also extended to Marj Crawford, Shauna Terry, Dave Winiarski, Dave Payson, and Kathy Neiderhiser, all of Battelle, for the conscientious, team-oriented, and high-quality assistance they brought to this project.

Acknowledgments

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program viii January 2008


January 2008 ix Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgments................................................................................................................... vii 1.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1.1 2.0 Technical Approach....................................................................................................... 2.1 2.1 Selection of Candidate Evaluation Sites ............................................................... 2.1 2.2 High-Efficiency Clothes Washers......................................................................... 2.1 2.3 Clothes Washer Metering Plan ............................................................................. 2.4 2.3.1 Metered Parameters .................................................................................. 2.4 2.4 Collect and Analyze Data ..................................................................................... 2.5 3.0 Energy and Water Results.............................................................................................. 3.1 3.1 Clothes Washer Cycles: Hot/Warm Wash/Rinse Cycles..................................... 3.1 3.2 Hot-Water Usage .................................................................................................. 3.2 3.3 Energy (Therm) Savings ....................................................................................... 3.4 3.4 Commercial Laundry Program Weighted Savings ............................................... 3.5 4.0 Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................................ 4.1 5.0 References...................................................................................................................... 5.1 Appendix A – Site Descriptions and Photos........................................................................... A.1 Appendix B – Site Selection Criteria...................................................................................... B.1 Appendix C – Efficient Clothes Washer Specifications and Cut Sheets ................................ C.1 Appendix D – Metering Equipment Documentation .............................................................. D.1

Contents

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program x January 2008

Figures S.1 Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Use by Property Location ............................................. v S.2 Average Annual Per Washer Therm Savings by Property Location.............................. v 2.1 Commercial Laundry Program Multifamily Site Selected for Evaluation..................... 2.3 2.2 Commercial Laundry Program Metering Equipment..................................................... 2.4 2.3 Typical Single Clothes Washer Metering Configuration............................................... 2.5 2.4 Typical Multiple Clothes Washer Metering Configuration ........................................... 2.5 3.1 Commercial Laundry Program Total Clothes Washer Cycles Analyzed by

Property Location........................................................................................................... 3.1 3.2 Average Daily Hot-Water Cycles by Participating Property ......................................... 3.2 3.3 Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Use by Participating Property....................................... 3.3 3.4 Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Savings by Participating Property ................................ 3.3 3.5 Average Annual Per Washer Therm Savings by Participating Property ....................... 3.4

Tables S.1 Baseline and Retrofit Equipment Specifications............................................................ iv S.2 Commercial Laundry Program Summary Findings by Property Location .................... vi 2.1 Baseline (pre) and Efficient (post) Equipment Specifications ....................................... 2.2 2.2 Consortium for Energy Efficiency Commercial Family-Sized Clothes Washer

Specifications ................................................................................................................. 2.3 3.1 Commercial Laundry Program Washer Placement Summary by Consortium for

Energy Efficiency Tier and Age Bin of Existing Clothes Washers as of August 15, 2007 ............................................................................................................. 3.5

3.2 Comparison of Age Bins of Commercial Laundry Program-wide Pre-Clothes Washers and Evaluation Sample .................................................................................... 3.6

3.3 Annual Tier-Weighted Savings for the Commercial Laundry Program-placed Clothes Washers............................................................................................................. 3.6

4.1 Commercial Laundry Program Summary Findings by Property Location .................... 4.1 4.2 Annual Tier-Weighted Savings for the Commercial Laundry Program-placed

Clothes Washers............................................................................................................. 4.2

January 2008 1.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

1.0 Introduction

The market penetration of high-efficiency clothes washers into the coin-operated multifamily and laundromat sectors has been challenging. These challenges center on the unique structure of the market (leased versus owned equipment) and difficulties in reaching the key decision makers (Currie and Parker 1998; Sullivan and Parker 1999, Sullivan and Parker 2004). The Commercial Laundry Program (CLP) focused on breaking these market barriers, making use of networked organizations to interface directly with multifamily and laundromat owners/operators, high-efficiency clothes washer manufacturers/distributors, and market-specific equipment leasing organizations, known as route operators. These efforts have taken place in the Southern Cal Gas Company (SCG) and San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E) service territories.

Built into the CLP implementation plan was a formative evaluation focused on early program results at a sample of participating properties. A formative evaluation is atypical for efficiency programs undertaken by California Public Utilities Commission through the investor-owned utilities and thus has allowed these early results to modify program design and delivery. The goals of the CLP formative evaluation included measurement of energy and hot-water savings as well as clothes washer usage – so-called “turns” or cycles.

The overall objective was to conduct monitoring of at least 50 coin-operated clothes washers at selected properties with natural gas water heat, either multifamily laundry rooms or laundromats. The properties were to be representative of the mix of properties and the number of clothes washers in each property participating in the CLP. The final mix included 21 clothes washers located at two laundromats and 32 clothes washers at four multifamily properties. A description and photos of the properties participating in the study, as well as photos of the metering equipment used in the evaluation, are provided in Appendix A.

Introduction

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program 1.2 January 2008



2.0 Technical Approach

The objective of this study was to evaluate and quantify the energy (natural gas) savings related to the installation of high-efficiency clothes washers. The approach included the baseline metering of over 50 clothes washers located at 6 different multifamily and laundromat sites in the Southern California Gas Company (SCG) and San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E) service territories. All baseline clothes washers were equipped with coin-drop boxes and had vend prices of either $0.75/cycle or $1.00/cycle. The baseline period at the different sites varied from 4 to 8 weeks, with the minimum number of total cycles analyzed per location in excess of the protocol-specified minimum of 250.

Following the baseline (pre) period, the existing clothes washers were replaced with the high-efficiency clothes washers being promoted to multifamily and laundromat owner/operators as part of the statewide CLP. At all sites, the metering of the baseline and high-efficiency clothes washers was identical. The metering included hot-water usage, water temperatures, cycles completed, and data necessary to estimate the rated efficiency of the water heating systems. Logistical challenges prevailed in scheduling new high efficiency washer installation and therefore, the efficient metering (post) period varied with each site (in this case from 3 to 6 weeks). However, in all cases, the minimum number of total cycles/location for protocol compliance was achieved. Table 2.1 presents the baseline (pre) and efficient (post) clothes washers, along with the water heating equipment, as installed at the six sites.

2.1 Selection of Candidate Evaluation Sites

As required by the evaluation protocol, the site-selection criteria focused exclusively on laundromat and multifamily sites using natural gas for water heating. Site were identified and final sites selection were made with an understanding of commercial clothes washer distri-butions between the participating utilities (SCG and SDG&E) and the relative placement shares of CLP clothes washers at multifamily versus laundromat properties. The final site-selection decisions were also balanced against the evaluation program’s site-selection criteria; these criteria are included as Appendix B. Figure 2.1 is a photo of one of the selected multifamily sites.

2.2 High-Efficiency Clothes Washers

By design, the only clothes washers included as part of the CLP are those listed with the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) as part of the Commercial Clothes Washer Initiative (CEE 2007). This initiative is focused on family-sized commercial clothes washers – specifically the types found in multifamily and laundromat facilities. The clothes washers evaluated were those qualifying for CEE Tiers 1, 2, or 3. As shown in Table 2.1, all efficient clothes washers evaluated qualified for the Tier 2 level.

Technical Approach


Table 2.1. Baseline (pre) and Efficient (post) Equipment Specifications

Property Serving Utility

Baseline (pre) Clothes Washers

Retrofit (post) Clothes Washers Water Heaters

Property #1 SCG Los Lavaderos Coin-Operated Laundromat

Maytag Top Load LA23CD 8 clothes washers 17 years old Maytag MAT12PDAAL 3 clothes washers 8 years old

Maytag Front Load MAH21PD CEE Tier 2(a)

National Boiler Raypack Boiler type W-0926ABCDHDBC 16 years old Natural gas fired Rated Efficiency 80.5%

Property #2 SCG Mountainback Homes Multifamily

Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 9 clothes washers 4 years old


American Water Heater Tank type DCG31100T1996N 11 years old Natural gas fired Rated Efficiency 78.3%

Property #3 SCG Cypress Villa Apartments Multifamily

Maytag Top Load MAT12PDLAW 6 clothes washers 2 years old


Teledyne Laars Boiler type PW 0400CN12CBACN Estimate 10 years old Natural gas fired Rated Efficiency 81%

Property #4 SCG Launderland Coin-Operated Laundromat

Speed Queen Top Load SWTT20QN 10 clothes washers 4 years old

Speed Queen Front Load SWFT71 CEE Tier 2

Ajax Boiler Co Boiler type B4G – 57589 Natural gas fired 6 years old Rated Efficiency 80%

Property #5 SDG&E Casa Celeste Multifamily

Maytag Top Load MAT12PDBAW 13 clothes washers in 2 laundry rooms 8 years old


American Appliance Tank type Manufacturing MATO4T 20 years old Natural gas fired Rated Efficiency 75%

Property #6 SDG&E Sunset Trails Apartments Multifamily

Maytag MAT12PDLAW 4 clothes washers 3 to 4 years old


General Electric Tank type GG40T6XZ 20 years old Natural gas fired Rated Efficiency 75%

(a) Consortium for Energy Efficiency (www.cee1.org).

Technical Approach


Figure 2.1. Commercial Laundry Program Multifamily Site Selected for Evaluation

Table 2.2 presents the CEE tiers and their required efficiency levels. These criteria were updated and effective as of January 1, 2007. It should be noted that the qualifying metric, the modified energy factor (MEF) takes into account energy related to both washing and drying. While not quantified in this evaluation, new high-efficiency front-loading clothes washers spin clothes at a much higher spin speed and therefore “spin” more moisture out of the clothes than standard top-loading clothes washers. This reduced moisture content (RMC) translates into reduced drying times and therefore reduced dryer energy use.

Table 2.2. Consortium for Energy Efficiency Commercial Family-Sized Clothes Washer Specifications

Efficiency Level Modified Energy Factor

(MEF) Water Factor

(WF)

CEE Tier 1 1.80 7.5 CEE Tier 2 2.00 6.0 CEE Tier 3 2.20 4.5 Modified Energy Factor: A combination of energy factor and remaining moisture content. MEF measures energy consumption of the total laundry cycle (washing and drying). It indicates how many cubic feet of laundry can be washed and dried with one kWh of electricity; the higher the number, the greater the efficiency. Water Factor: Number of gallons needed for each cubic foot of laundry. A lower number indicates lower consumption and more efficient use of water.

For more information on CEE, its programs, and lists of qualifying clothes washers, visit http://www.cee1.org.

Technical Approach


The decision on which qualifying clothes washer to choose at any given site was made by the owner/operator of the site and not influenced by the site-selection criteria nor the evaluation protocol. As shown in Table 2.1, five of the six properties chose Maytag clothes washers and one chose Speed Queen. Without exception, owner/operators maintained brand loyalty – Maytag baseline clothes washers were replaced with Maytag efficient clothes washers and the same with Speed Queen. Appendix C provides the high-efficiency clothes washer specifications and manufacturer cut sheets.

2.3 Clothes Washer Metering Plan

Each of the six locations received identical end-use metering equipment. At each location, stand-alone data loggers were installed to record and store the relevant per-cycle energy, water, and temperature data for each clothes washer. A description of each monitored parameter is included below; baseline and new high-efficiency equipment monitoring is identical.

Figure 2.2 details the metering arrangement common to each clothes washer. Appendix D presents the technical details of the metering equipment.

Figure 2.2. Commercial Laundry Program Metering Equipment

2.3.1 Metered Parameters

Clothes Washer Hot-Water Use: Hot-water use was monitored by water-flow meters installed on the hot supply line to each machine. The water meters are installed in-series with the standard clothes washer-hose connections and placed on the floor behind the clothes washers. The meters provide per-cycle hot-water use data to the central data logger, where it is stored in a time-series format.

Technical Approach


Clothes Washer Electrical Energy Use: Electrical energy use (clothes washer motor and controls) was monitored by a separate watt meter. These watt meters provide per-cycle electricity use data to the data logger, where it is stored in a time-series format.

Water Temperatures: Water temperatures, both hot and cold, were monitored using hardwired thermisters installed at the water meter location. These data were collected in a time-series record and stored at the central data logger.

Figures 2.3 and 2.4 show meters as installed on clothes washers for the CLP.

Figure 2.3. Typical Single Clothes Washer Metering Configuration

Figure 2.4. Typical Multiple Clothes Washer Metering Configuration

2.4 Collect and Analyze Data

All data stored in the data loggers were retrieved on a monthly basis. The data-integration interval (time interval over which data were summed and stored) was 5 minutes. A 5-minute integration period is a compromise between the desire to minimize the volume of data collected and the need to be able to discern individual equipment use events.

In total, over 10,000 washer cycles were analyzed in support of this effort. Roughly 6,900 cycles were analyzed for the baseline (pre) period and 3,600 for the efficient (post) period.

In addition to the metered data, gas-fired water heater name plate make, model, capacity, performance, and date-manufactured information was collected. This information was used to assess the thermal efficiency of the various water heaters at each site. To accurately estimate water heater thermal efficiency, Battelle made use of the database from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Commercial Water Heating Standards analysis, and related industry-reviewed modeling efforts, as well as discussions with the equipment manufacturers, to calculate field efficiency of existing water heating equipment in the properties being monitored. Photos of the water heating systems can be found in Appendix A.

Technical Approach




3.0 Energy and Water Results

A total of 53 clothes washers were metered at the 6 multifamily and laundromat sites; 4 sites were multifamily laundry rooms and 2 sites were laundromats. The results presented below are from data representing more than 10,000 clothes washing cycles. Figure 3.1 presents the total cycles analyzed by property location. In all cases, the metering protocol criteria of 250 cycles per location were achieved.

Total Cycles Analyzed

1,152

843757

1,802

575

1,667

686

1,565

291270279

701

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Property#1

Property#2

Property#3

Property#4

Property#5

Property#6

Tota

l Cyc

les

Ana

lyze

d

PrePost

Figure 3.1. Commercial Laundry Program Total Clothes Washer Cycles Analyzed by Property Location

3.1 Clothes Washer Cycles: Hot/Warm Wash/Rinse Cycles

Per the metering protocol, this evaluation was focused on evaluating the thermal (hot water) energy use and savings of commercial washers and the impacts on customer natural gas usage. Thus, only hot-water consumption at the metered clothes washers was measured. The data presented below reflect this approach.

Figure 3.2 presents the average daily cycles/machine by property location for which hot water was consumed for some measured portion of the selected cycle.1 The average number of “hot-water” cycles per day varied between 3.7 and 4.6 for the baseline (pre) and 2.4 to 5.4 for the efficient (post) periods. Of further interest in the data are changes (both positive and negative) in

1Note that commercial clothes washers generally have a limited number of wash/rinse water temperature selections that include a cold wash and cold rinse. For this setting, where no hot water is consumed, no hot-water flow would be measured and thus no “cycle” would be recorded.

Energy and Water Results


average cycles per day from the pre- to the post-measurement periods. Some of these differences are difficult to ascertain; however, discussions with area route operators/washer distributors have identified factors such as seasonal changes in amount of clothing washed (though in California this should be minimized), potential for vacation activities (thus lowered use of clothes washers) of residents during either period, or changes in occupancy/demographics at sites being evaluated.

One additional factor that was noted as a likely contributor to reduced efficient equipment use in the post-evaluation period was a change in clothes washer vend price. This occurred at Property #4 where the pre-vend price was $0.75/wash cycle and was raised to $2.00/wash cycle for the post equipment. The resulting decrease in average cycles per day was from 4.6 to 2.4, or nearly 50%.2

Average Hot-Water Cycles Per Day

4.5 4.5 4.64.3

5.4

3.4

5.0

2.4

3.3

4.24.6

3.7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Property#1

Property#2

Property#3

Property#4

Property#5

Property#6

Ave

rage

Hot

-Wat

er C

ycle

s (c

ycle

s/da

y)

PrePost

Figure 3.2. Average Daily Hot-Water Cycles by Participating Property

3.2 Hot-Water Usage

Figure 3.3 presents the average hot-water usage in gallons per cycle for each location. From the data, a significant reduction in hot-water usage is noted in five of the six locations; Property #3 had a more modest reduction. The reduced savings at Property #3 is directly related to the vintage and the relative higher efficiency of the baseline (pre) clothes washer. In this case, the top-load baseline clothes washer was 2-years-old, and, at the time of its manufacture, was qualified as an ENERGY STAR® commercial clothes washer3 (for more information, see 2 Also note that the site had a number of family-sized, soft-mount Speed Queen top-loading clothes washers at a vend price of $0.75/wash still available to customers during the time of the post monitoring. 3These clothes washers met the ENERGY STAR® criteria for commercial clothes washers that were in place from 2004 through 2006.



http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=clotheswash.display_commercial_cw). Presented as average per-cycle hot-water savings, Figure 3.4 highlights the average hot-water savings variability by location. The greatest hot-water savings take place at Property #1, with an average savings of 8.4 gallons of hot water per cycle. This relatively high water savings directly relates to the vintage and performance of the baseline (pre) clothes washers; these were predominantly 17-year-old clothes washers.

Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Use

9.8

5.1

10.1

9.2

3.0 3.13.6

3.0 2.8

11.4

9.2

3.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Property#1

Property#2

Property#3

Property#4

Property#5

Property#6

Ave

rage

Hot

-Wat

er U

se (g

als/

cycl

e)

PrePost

Figure 3.3. Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Use by Participating Property

Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Savings

2

6.2

8.4

6.46.56.6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Property#1

Property#2

Property#3

Property#4

Property#5

Property#6

Ave

rage

Hot

-Wat

er S

avin

gs (g

als/

cycl

e)

Figure 3.4. Average Per-Cycle Hot-Water Savings by Participating Property



3.3 Energy (Therm) Savings

Annual natural-gas (therm) savings were calculated by using the average hot-water savings per cycle (Figure 3.4), the average temperature difference of the hot and cold water, the rated thermal efficiency of the water heater4 and the average of the recorded cycles per day per clothes washer (Figure 3.5). As would be expected, the annual therm savings track with age of the pre-clothes washers and average daily turns (or cycles). In the case of Property #1, where the pre-clothes washers were the oldest (8 of the 11 were 17-year-old clothes washers), the therm savings with the post front-load clothes washers are the highest for any site metered, at over 107 therms per clothes washer per year. The pre-clothes washers at Properties 2, 4, 5, and 6 are 4 to 8 years old and show a mid-level savings with the post-clothes washers of 53 to 73 therms per clothes washer per year. At Property #3, there is a significant decrease in savings with the post-clothes washers – compared to the other properties – that is directly related to the vintage (2-years-old) and higher efficiency of the pre-clothes washers. In this case, the pre-clothes washers were fairly new (and relatively efficient) as noted above.

Average Annual Per Washer Therm Savings

107.7

24.6

57.5

70.4

72.8

53.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Property#1

Property#2

Property#3

Property#4

Property#5

Property#6

Ave

rage

Ann

ual T

herm

Sav

ings

(the

rms/

year

)

Figure 3.5. Average Annual Per Washer Therm Savings by Participating Property

4 There is likely nominal degradation of this rated thermal efficiency over time due to equipment aging. Therefore, the values presented should be considered a conservative estimate of water heater thermal efficiency and calculated annual therm savings at each site.



3.4 Commercial Laundry Program Weighted Savings

As of mid-August 2007, the CLP had placed over 2,400 CEE 2007 Tier 1 and Tier 2 qualifying clothes washers in the SDG&E and SCG service territories.5 As part of the CLP tracking data, all placed clothes washers were binned according to the estimated age of pre-clothes washers (as determined from washer model data recorded by the CLP field staff) they were replacing as well as the CEE 2007 Tier of the post-clothes washer being installed. A summary of these bins and clothes washers is provided in Table 3.1.

A comparison of the age-bins of pre-clothes washers in the participating properties compared to the clothes washers replaced in the CLP as of August 15, 2007 is given in Table 3.2. This table indicates that the sample of clothes washers in the participating properties generally reflects the age-bin distribution of clothes washers replaced in the CLP.

To estimate the weighted program savings as of August 15, 2007, resulting from the CLP, Battelle used the data in Table 3.1 along with results of the metered evaluation. Because all of the clothes washers metered as part of the evaluation were 2007 CEE Tier 2 qualifying, we needed to de-rate the savings attributed to the CEE Tier 1 machines that were placed to estimate overall program savings.6 This de-rating was accomplished using the CEE ratio of MEF from Tier 1 and Tier 2 to reduce the field savings values. This ratio, Tier 2 MEF minus Tier 1 MEF divided by Tier 1 MEF, was applied to the evaluation savings to estimate the Tier 1 machine savings. Table 3.3 presents both the annual 2007 CEE Tier-weighted therm savings per clothes washer and the CLP program-wide savings based on the above methodology and the CLP washer placement data as of August 15, 2007. These savings are given in relation to the previously mentioned age bins of existing clothes washers.

Table 3.1. Commercial Laundry Program Washer Placement Summary by Consortium for Energy Efficiency Tier and Age Bin of Existing Clothes Washers as of August 15, 2007

Pre-Washer Age Bin 0-2 years


Pre-Washer Age Bin >10 years

2007 CEE Tier 1 washers placed or contracted to be placed as of 8/15/07 21 1,033 150

2007 CEE Tier 2 washers placed or contracted to be placed as of 8/15/07 65 1,019 144

Combined 2007 CEE Tier 1 and 2 washers placed or contracted to be placed as of 8/15/07

86 2,052 294

5 This is in addition to clothes washers placed by the CLP in CY 2006 under the CEE 2006 Tier 1-3 qualification structure and prior to the CEE specifications changes on January 1, 2007. The savings for placement of washers under the CLP in CY 2006 are not counted in the program-weighted savings. 6 2007 CEE Tier 1 machines are less water and energy efficient than CEE Tier 2 machines. 2007 CEE Tier 1 MEF = 1.8 ft3/kWh/cycle; 2007 CEE Tier 2 MEF = 2.0 ft3/kWh/cycle. Ratio calculated as follows: (2.0-1.8)/1.8 = 0.11. Thus, on average, 2007 CEE Tier 2 machines are 11% more efficient than 2007 CEE Tier 1 machines.



Table 3.2. Comparison of Age Bins of Commercial Laundry Program-wide Pre-Clothes Washers and Evaluation Sample


(percent of total)


(percent of total)


(percent of total) Total

CLP as of 8/15/07 86 (4%) 2,052 (84%) 294 (12%) 2,432

Evaluation Sample 6 (11%) 39 (74%) 8 (15%) 53

Table 3.3. Annual Tier-Weighted Savings for the Commercial Laundry Program-placed Clothes Washers




2007 CEE Tier 1+2 Washers Weighted Annual Therm Savings (therms/washer/year)

23.9 60.7 101.6

2007 CEE Tier 1+2 Washers Weighted Program-Wide Therm Savings (therms/year)

2,055 124,490 29,863

A final calculation was made to estimate the CEE Tier 1 and 2 and age-bin weighted annual therm savings based on the field evaluation and washer placement data. Completing this calculation leads to a CLP-placed weighted annual therm savings of 64.3 therms/washer/year.


4.0 Summary and Conclusions

The purpose of this demonstration was to measure and determine the energy savings related to the decreased use of hot water by high-efficiency, commercial clothes washers in the multifamily and laundromat settings.

Table 4.1 summarizes the key data and findings of this study – including the number of washer cycles analyzed, the average cycles per day, the average water temperatures, the per-cycle hot-water savings, and the average annual therm savings. Each of these metrics is provided specific to the participating property.

In total, over 10,000 washer cycles were analyzed, roughly 6,900 for the baseline and 3,600 for the efficient periods, respectively. The average annual therm savings varied from 24.6 to 107.7 therms per washer per year. The variance in therm savings was predominantly related to the age of the baseline washers – where Property #1 had the oldest and Property #3 had the newest baseline washers.

Table 4.1. Commercial Laundry Program Summary Findings by Property Location

Property Servicing

Utility

Total Cycles Analyzed Pre/Post

Average Cycles Per

Day Pre/Post

Average Water Temperatures

Average Hot-Water Savings (gallons/cycle)

Average Annual Energy Savings

Per Washer (therms/year)

Property #1 1,152/701 4.6/5.4 T hot: 137°F T cold: 69°F 8.4 107.7

Property #2 843/279 4.5/3.4 T hot: 129°F T cold: 57°F 6.6 72.8


Property #4 1,667/291 4.6/2.4 T hot: 130°F T cold: 68°F 6.5 53.5

Property #5 1,802/1,565 3.7/3.3 T hot: 137°F T cold: 68°F 6.2 57.5


To calculate the CLP weighted average annual savings, we used the mid-August 2007 reporting of the CLP equipment placement – a total of 2,432 clothes washers had been placed as of this date. This calculation was made by age bin of the baseline washers (0 to 2 years, 3 to 10 years, >10 years) and calculated as a weighted annual therm savings per washer (therms per washer, per year) and weighted program-wide savings (therms per year). These calculated values are presented in Table 4.2.

Summary and Conclusions


Table 4.2. Annual Tier-Weighted Savings for the Commercial Laundry Program-placed Clothes Washers




2007 CEE Tier 1+2 Washers Weighted Annual Therm Savings (therms/washer/year)

23.9 60.7 101.6

2007 CEE Tier 1+2 Washers Weighted Program-Wide Therm Savings (therms/year)

2,055 124,490 29,863

From the perspective of equipment placed and taking into account age bins, average savings, and use, the CLP-placed weighted annual therm savings per clothes washer is 64.3.


5.0 References

Sullivan GP and GB Parker. 1999. “The Economics of Commercial-Grade Horizontal-Axis Clothes Washers: Detailed Metering and Real-World Savings.” In Proceedings of American Water Works Association CONSERV’99. January 31–February 3, 1999, Monterey, California.

Sullivan GP and GB Parker. 2004. “The Resource Efficient Laundry Room Demonstration.” Prepared by Battelle for the State of Wisconsin, Department of Administration, Division of Energy.

Currie JW, GB Parker, and DB Elliott. 1998. Private Multifamily Market Transformation Via Centralized and Volume Procurement: Initial Program Design. Prepared by Battelle for Southern California Edison Company, Rosemead, California. Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE). 2007. Consortium for Energy Efficiency Commercial, Family-Sized Clothes Washer Initiative. Consortium for Energy Efficiency, Boston, Massachusetts. Information available at: http://www.cee1.org

References



January 2008 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Appendix A

Site Descriptions and Photos

Appendix A

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program January 2008


Appendix A

January 2008 A.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Site Data – Property #1: Los Laverderos Location Los Lavaderos 922 North Alvarado Street Los Angeles, CA 90026 Site POC: Enrique Del Rivero – Owner (323) 463-6354 Site Description

• Coin-op laundry with combination of standard top-load (all Maytag) and larger-poundage front-load clothes washers.

• Majority of top-load clothes washers are 1990 vintage, a few 1998 vintage.

• Baseline clothes washers Maytag model: LA23CD (eight clothes washers) and Maytag Model: MAT12PDAAL (three clothes washers).

• All clothes dryers are gas-fired.

• Water is heated by roof-mounted gas-fired Ray Pak hot-water system. Metering

• Eleven baseline clothes washers were metered for hot water and electricity use. Water Heater

• Vintage: 1990 • Mfg: National Boiler/Raypack roof-mounted hot-water boilers • Model #: W-0926A BCDHDBC • Fuel: Natural Gas

Water Temperatures Hot: 137°F Cold: 69°F Note: Owner said this is usually 140°F to 145°F; code requires 140°F at the clothes washer.

Appendix A

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program A.2 January 2008

Site Pictures – Property #1: Los Laverderos

Los Lavaderos baseline clothes washer Los Lavaderos baseline clothes washers

Los Lavaderos efficient clothes washer Los Lavaderos efficient clothes washers

Los Lavaderos roof-top water Los Lavaderos owner and staff heating system

Appendix A


Site Data – Property #2: Mountainback Apartment Homes Location Mountainback Apartment Homes 11777 Foothill Blvd Sylmar, CA Site POC: Richard Kay – Area Service Lead for WEB (818) 359-5076 Site Description

• Multifamily site with nine top-load (all Maytag) clothes washers. • All clothes washers 2002 vintage. • Baseline clothes washers Maytag model: MAT12PD. • All clothes dryers are gas-fired. • Water is heated by single 100-gallon gas-fired water heater located in adjoining room.

Metering

• All nine of the baseline clothes washers were metered for hot-water and electricity use. Water Heater

• Vintage: 1995 • Mfg: American Water Heater tank-type water heater • Model #: DCG31100T1996N • Fuel: Natural Gas • Capacity: 100 gallons • Note – unit has automatic vent damper installed; however, it is stuck in “open” position.

Water Temperatures Hot: 129°F Cold: 57°F

Appendix A


Site Pictures – Property #2: Mountainback Apartment Homes

Mountainback baseline clothes Mountainback baseline clothes washers washer

Mountainback efficient clothes Mountainback efficient clothes washers washer

Mountainback water heater Mountainback Apartment Homes

Appendix A


Site Data – Property #3: Cypress Villa Apartments Location Cypress Villa Apartments 900 North Cypress Street La Habra, CA 90633 Site POC: Don James – Area Service Lead for WEB (310) 344-7906 Site Description

• Multifamily site with six top-load and two front-load (all Maytag) clothes washers. • All clothes washers were installed in 2005. • Baseline clothes washers Maytag model: MAT12PD • All clothes dryers are gas-fired. • Water is heated by a Teledyne/Laars gas-fired hot-water boiler.

Metering

• All six of the baseline top-load clothes washers were metered for hot-water, water temperature, and electricity use. One of the six was metered for cold water as well. Both front-load clothes washers were metered for electricity.

Water Heater

• Vintage: ~10 years old • Mfg: Teledyne Laars Hot Water Boiler • Model #: PW 0400C N12CBACN • Fuel: Natural Gas


Appendix A


Site Pictures – Property #3: Cypress Villa Apartments

Cypress baseline clothes washer Cypress baseline clothes washers

Cypress efficient clothes washer Cypress efficient clothes washers

Cypress water heater Cypress Villa Apartments

Appendix A


Site Data – Property #4: Launderland Coin-Op Laundry Location Launderland 2202 Artesia Blvd Torrance, CA 90504 Site POC: Rick Juarez – Owner (323) 216-9559 Site Description

• Coin-op laundry with combination of standard top-load (all Speed Queen) and larger poundage front-load clothes washers.

• Majority of top-load clothes washers are 2003 vintage.

• Baseline clothes washers Speed Queen model: SWTT20QN.


• Water is heated by gas-fired Ajax boiler. Metering

• Ten baseline clothes washers were metered for hot-water and electricity use. Water Heater

• Vintage: 2001 • Mfg: Boiler – Ajax Boiler Co., Santa Anna, CA • Model #: B4G-57589 • Fuel: Natural Gas


Appendix A


Site Pictures – Property #4: Launderland Coin-Op Laundry

Launderland baseline clothes Launderland baseline clothes washer washers

Launderland efficient clothes Launderland efficient clothes washer washers

Launderland water heater Launderland Coin-Op Laundry

Appendix A


Site Data – Property #5: Casa Celeste Apartments Location Casa Celeste 500 Townsite Drive Vista, CA 92084 Site POC: Jamie Crawford – Area Service Lead for WEB (858) 279-1234, ext. 210 Site Description

• Multifamily site with 13 top-load (all Maytag) clothes washers. Note that clothes washers were located in two separate laundry rooms serving two buildings making up the complex.

• All clothes washers are 1997 to 1999 vintage.

• Baseline clothes washers Maytag model: MAT12PDB.


• Water is heated by 100-gallon gas-fired water heater located in adjoining room. Metering

• All 13 of the baseline clothes washers were metered for hot-water and electricity use. Water Heater

• Vintage: 1987 • Mfg: American Appliance Manufacturing tank-type water heater • Model #: MATO4T – B261314 • Fuel: Natural Gas • Capacity: 100 gallons


Appendix A


Site Pictures – Property #5: Casa Celeste Apartments

Casa Celeste baseline clothes Casa Celeste baseline clothes washers washer

Casa Celeste efficient clothes Casa Celeste efficient clothes washers washer

Casa Celeste water heater Casa Celeste Apartments

Appendix A


Site Data – Property #6: Sunset Trails Apartments Location Sunset Trails Apartments 959 Postal Way Vista, CA 92083 Site POC: Jamie Crawford – Area Service Lead for WEB (858) 279-1234, ext. 210 Site Description

• Multifamily site with four top-load (all Maytag) clothes washers. • All clothes washers are 2002 vintage. • Baseline clothes washers Maytag model: MAT12PDB. • All clothes dryers are gas-fired. • Water is heated by 40-gallon gas-fired water heater located in adjoining room.

Metering

• All four of the baseline clothes washers were metered for hot-water and electricity use. Water Heater

• Vintage: 1987 • Mfg: General Electric tank-type water heater • Model #: GG40T6XZ • Fuel: Natural Gas • Capacity: 40 gallons


Appendix A


Site Pictures – Property #6: Sunset Trails Apartments

Sunset Trails baseline clothes washer Sunset Trails baseline clothes washers

Sunset Trails efficient clothes washer Sunset Trails efficient clothes washers

Sunset Trails water heater Sunset Trails Apartments


Appendix B

Site Selection Criteria

Appendix B



Appendix B

January 2008 B.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Sample Call for Participants Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Evaluation

The Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program evaluation is seeking apartment complexes and coin-operated laundromats for a demonstration of resource-efficient equipment and technologies to quantify energy and water savings in common area laundry rooms and laundromats. The focus of the demonstration will be high-efficiency coin- or card-operated clothes washers.

The demonstration is expected to last up to 6 months and will include three phases: 1) metering of existing equipment, 2) installation of new technologies, followed by 3) metering of the new technologies.

All new equipment is commercially available and proven technology. If necessary, signs providing equipment operation instructions will be provided. The equipment to measure energy and water use of the existing and new equipment will be unobtrusive and will not bother tenants.

The technical criteria for participation and the roles and responsibilities for demonstration participation are attached. After reviewing these, if you are interested, please send a letter/fax/ email stating your interest to:

Cal-UCONS team point of contact Address: Phone: Fax: Email:

Once interested/qualified sites are identified, a site visit will be conducted to evaluate against criteria, and a selection will be made.

For more information on the technical aspects of the equipment or monitoring program, please contact:

Greg Sullivan Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Phone: (509) 372-6212 Email: [email protected]

Appendix B

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program B.2 January 2008

Site Technical Criteria Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Evaluation

Objective Selection of Demonstration Site

The Cal-UCONS staff will select a demonstration site from those meeting all the Required Criteria and the greatest number of the Desired Criteria.

Based on past new-technology demonstrations and end-use metering needs, the following site criteria have been assembled. The ideal laundry rooms for this demonstration would be configured as follows:

Required Criteria

• The owner or property manager must own the current laundry equipment.

• Hot water generated by either electric or natural gas water heater.

• The property must have laundry room(s) containing at least four standard top-loading washers.

• Laundry rooms have access to (or ability to access) dedicated phone lines (additional phone lines, connection fees, and monthly charges will be paid for by Cal-UCONS).

Desired Criteria

• The owner/operator of the demonstration site is interested in new, energy/water-efficient technology.

• Laundry room configuration lends itself to metering and replacement of washer equipment.

• Laundry rooms are located on the first floor or in the basement of the building(s).

• Laundry rooms are secure and not susceptible to vandalism, but are accessible by demonstration staff.

Appendix B

January 2008 B.3 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Roles and Responsibilities Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program Evaluation

The owner/property manager and the Cal-UCONS demonstration manager will each have clear roles and responsibilities.

Demonstration site owner/property manager will:

• Grant Cal-UCONS staff access to laundry rooms to complete the following tasks:

− Installation of metering equipment (1 to 2 days at start of program; expect maximum of 1 day of room closure);

− Installation of new washers (requiring 1 to 2 days about 3 months after metering installation; expect maximum of 2 days of room closure);

− Periodic access to check on equipment and metered data (requiring 1 day per month; no interruption of room use);

− Access by equipment manufacturer’s staff for any maintenance calls; and

− Removal of metering equipment (1 day at end of demonstration; expect maximum of 1 day of room closure).

• Be able to assist with installation activities and oversight, as required.

Cal-UCONS demonstration manager/staff will:

• Install metering equipment; • Assist in installation of new washer, and • Collect data on site and via telephone from monitoring equipment.

Appendix B

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program B.4 January 2008



Appendix C

Efficient Clothes Washer Specifications and Cut Sheets

Appendix C



Appendix C

January 2008 C.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Maytag High-Efficiency Clothes Washer

Appendix C

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program C.2 January 2008

Maytag High-Efficiency Clothes Washer, continued

Appendix C


Speed Queen High-Efficiency Clothes Washer

Appendix C


Speed Queen High-Efficiency Clothes Washer, continued

Appendix C




Appendix D

Metering Equipment Documentation

Appendix D



Appendix D

January 2008 D.1 Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program

Data Logger Specifications

Appendix D

Cal-UCONS Commercial Laundry Program D.2 January 2008

Data Logger Specifications, continued

Appendix D


Watt Meter Specifications

Specifications: 120 v, 60 Hz, 15 amps Higher ratings of 100 to 250v, 50/60 Hz, and 15 amps require the universal outlet (UO) version. The electronics in the meter are capable of 20 amps but the cord and receptacle have different ratings. Verify the rating on the cordset you are purchasing. ±1.5%, +3 counts of the displayed value Below 60 watts, amps and power factor lose accuracy USB interface Mains supply voltage fluctuations not to exceed ±10% of the nominal voltage Rate can be entered from $0.001 to $85.00 per kilowatt hour, in tenths of a penny Input is via 6 ft electric cord (USA style only), output is via outlet on top of meter Indoor use only Dimensions: 7 in. x 4 in. x 2 in. (18 cm x 10 cm x 5 cm) Weight: 1.5 lbs (0.7 kg) UL listed to standard UL 610010-1, and CAN CAS/C22.2 61010-1 UO version also CE marked UL certification requires the following statement: Altitude up to 2000 meters Temperature 5°C to 40°C Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31°C decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40°C Installation Category II

Appendix D


Water Meter Specifications

Appendix D


Water Meter Specifications, continued

Appendix D



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