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Cardiorespiratory

Adaptations to Training

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CV Adaptation to Training

Heart size

SV

HR Q

BF

BP BV

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CV Adaptation to Training

Heart size Heart muscle hypertrophy

In response to increased work demand, the heart

weight & volume, the left ventricle wall thickness &chamber size all increase as a results of endurance

training

Left ventricle greatest change

http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=human+heart/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=5/SS=i/OID=e0b63209f6bbcc54/;_ylt=A9G_Rq_4kR9E_ZYAafyJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjZGM1ZGE1BHBvcwM1BHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1doo0knr5/EXP=1143006072/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dhuman%2Bheart%26rs%3D2%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3DFP-tab-img-t%26vf%3D&w=160&h=214&imgurl=www.smcok.com%2Fimages%2Ftemporary%2Fheart.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smcok.com%2Fmedia%2Fnewspaper%2Ffebruary%2Flifestyle_changes_heart_021203.htm&size=11.3kB&name=heart.jpg&p=human+heart&type=jpeg&no=5&tt=10,658&ei=UTF-8http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=human+heart/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=5/SS=i/OID=e0b63209f6bbcc54/;_ylt=A9G_Rq_4kR9E_ZYAafyJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjZGM1ZGE1BHBvcwM1BHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1doo0knr5/EXP=1143006072/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dhuman%2Bheart%26rs%3D2%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3DFP-tab-img-t%26vf%3D&w=160&h=214&imgurl=www.smcok.com%2Fimages%2Ftemporary%2Fheart.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smcok.com%2Fmedia%2Fnewspaper%2Ffebruary%2Flifestyle_changes_heart_021203.htm&size=11.3kB&name=heart.jpg&p=human+heart&type=jpeg&no=5&tt=10,658&ei=UTF-8http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=human+heart/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=5/SS=i/OID=e0b63209f6bbcc54/;_ylt=A9G_Rq_4kR9E_ZYAafyJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjZGM1ZGE1BHBvcwM1BHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1doo0knr5/EXP=1143006072/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dhuman%2Bheart%26rs%3D2%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3DFP-tab-img-t%26vf%3D&w=160&h=214&imgurl=www.smcok.com%2Fimages%2Ftemporary%2Fheart.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smcok.com%2Fmedia%2Fnewspaper%2Ffebruary%2Flifestyle_changes_heart_021203.htm&size=11.3kB&name=heart.jpg&p=human+heart&type=jpeg&no=5&tt=10,658&ei=UTF-8http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=human+heart/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=5/SS=i/OID=e0b63209f6bbcc54/;_ylt=A9G_Rq_4kR9E_ZYAafyJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjZGM1ZGE1BHBvcwM1BHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1doo0knr5/EXP=1143006072/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dhuman%2Bheart%26rs%3D2%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3DFP-tab-img-t%26vf%3D&w=160&h=214&imgurl=www.smcok.com%2Fimages%2Ftemporary%2Fheart.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smcok.com%2Fmedia%2Fnewspaper%2Ffebruary%2Flifestyle_changes_heart_021203.htm&size=11.3kB&name=heart.jpg&p=human+heart&type=jpeg&no=5&tt=10,658&ei=UTF-8

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CV Adaptation to Training

Stroke Volume

With endurance training, SV shows an

increase during rest, submax & max exertion

Why?

Increase EDV (increase blood plasma)

Increase in LV contractility - increase elastic coil

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CV Adaptation to Training

HR RHR decreases as result of O2 training

Submax exercise HR also reduce

Maximal HR either remains unchanged or decreasedslightly with training

HR recovery period decreased with training

RT also can lead to reduced HR (not as large as O2

training)

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CV Adaptation to Training

Q Q at rest or during submax exercise remain

unchanged or decreased slightly after training

Q at max level of exercise increase considerably(result of substantial increase in maximal stroke

volume)

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CV Adaptation to Training

BF

Endurance training enhanced BF

Increased capillarization

Greater opening of existing capillary

More effective blood redistribution

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CV Adaptation to Training

BP Resting BP is reduced by endurance training in those

with borderline or moderate hypertension

Endurance training has little or no effect on BPduring submax & max exercise

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CV Adaptation to Training

BV BV increases as a result of endurance training

The increase is primarily caused by an increase in blood plasmavolume

RBC count count also increase, but the gain in plasma istypically much higher (greater fluid portion)

Increased plasma volume decreased blood viscosity (improvecirculation)

Increased in plasma volume leading to an increase in strokevolume (SV), which in turn leads to an increase in VO2 max.

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Respiratory Adaptation to Training

Lung Volume

Respiratory Rate

Pulmonary Ventilation Pulmonary Diffusion

A-VO2diff

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Respiratory Adaptation to Training

Lung Volume

Changes little with training

Vital capacity (amount of air that can be expelled

after max inspiration) increase slightly Residual volume (the amount of air that cannot be

moved out of the lungs) show a slight decrease

Tidal volume (the amount of air breath in and out

during normal respiration) is unchanged

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Respiratory Adaptation to Training

Respiratory Rate After training, usually lowered at rest and during

submax work.

At max rate - increased

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Respiratory Adaptation to Training Pulmonary Ventilation After training, PV unchanged or slightly reduced at

rest & submax work.

Max - increased

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Respiratory Adaptation to Training

Pulmonary Diffusion Pulmonary diffusion at maximal work increase due

to increased ventilation & increase lung perfusion

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Respiratory Adaptation to Training

A-VO2diff Increases with training.

Most notably at max level of work reflecting an

increased extraction by the tissues & more effectiveblood distribution

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Metabolic Adaptation to Training

Lactate threshold (LT)

Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)

Oxygen Consumption (VO2)

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Metabolic Adaptation to Training

LT LT increases with training, which allow athletes to

perform at higher rates of work & levels of O2

consumption without increasing the BL

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Metabolic Adaptation to Training

RER After training, RER is decreased at both absolute &

submax work.

These changes are due to greater utilization of FFAinstead of carbs

Max work RER increased

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Metabolic Adaptation to Training

VO2 O2 consumption can be increased slightly at rest and

decreased slightly or unaltered during submax

exercise VO2max increases substantially following training

The oxygen uptake of a person at rest is

usually 3.5ml.kg-1.min-1