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Scope conditions = what they focus on

Macrolevel (crime rates & patterns)(Crim has focused on indivs – microlevel)

Serious adult crime (robbery, etc.)(Crim has focused on juveniles & petty crime)

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Indiv level - why do indivs commit crimes?Macrolevel - why do crime rates vary?

Note: same prob for other issuesSeat belts & air bags The economy

Neither fully reducible to other -- Not the same question!

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Crim theories are necessarily "hybrid" theories

(can’t stop with macro level!)

How do macro patterns "translate" into indiv behavior?

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Cultural-learning theories - cultural side

Deviant subcultures--> Deviant values (learned)

--> Temptation--> Crime (indiv

decisions)

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Meanwhile ……

Disorg-control theos - structural side

Social disorganization--> Lack of social control

--> Opportunity --> Crime (indiv

decisions)

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Criminologists working in these two trads compete - reject each others views.

Authors - views come from same source!

andNeither is adequate without the

other!

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Subcultures exist in a context of soc disorgSoc disorg doesn't lead to crime (high

crime rates) unless subcults develop

Culture & structure combine to produce patterns of crime

Anomie - strain hybrid theory can unite these into one theory

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Cultural side -- learned success goals overpower learned legit means -- "strain" as temptation (pattern + indiv variation)

Structural side -- dom of econ weakens instis of social control so that temptation more likely to be acted out

(pattern + indiv variation)

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Examples:

GenderRace and classGang violencePolice crimeCorporate crime