Info Comm Tech

Marcale, Julius Jerald D.Renomeron, Ethel RuthFresnido, JolexusRastrollo, JeflynDe Luna, CathleenSual, Abigail

Mesina, PatrickPena, AnjanetteMcNulty, JianTuazon, AbegaelBorja, Ma. Patricia

CABLECable television is a system of

distributing television programs to subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables or light pulses through fiber-optic cables. This contrasts with traditional broadcast television (terrestrial television) in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television.

There are two standards for cable television; older analog cable, and newer digital cable which is capable of carrying high definition signals used by newer digital HDTV televisions. Many cable companies have upgraded to digital cable in the last 5 years. To receive digital cable, most TVs require a digital television adapter (set-top box or cable converter box) from the cable company. A cable from the jack in the wall is attached to the input of the box, and an output cable from the box is attached to the "Antenna In" or "RF In" connector on the back of the television. Different converter boxes are required for newer digital HDTV TVs and older legacy analog televisions. The box must be "activated" by a signal from the cable company before use.

PROCESS

MATERIALS IN CABLE Hybrid fiber-coaxial systems

Modern cable systems are large, with a single network and head end often serving an entire metropolitan area or county. Most systems use hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) distribution; this means the trunklines that carry the signal from the headend to local neighborhoods are optical fiber to provide greater bandwidth and also extra capacity for future expansion. At the headend the radio frequency electrical signal carrying all the channels is modulated on a light beam and sent through the fiber. The fiber trunkline goes to several distribution hubs, from which multiple fibers fan out to carry the signal to boxes called optical nodes in local communities. At the optical node, the light beam from the fiber is translated back to an electrical signal and carried by coaxial cable distribution lines on utility poles, from which cables branch out to subscriber residences.

Amplifier

Modulator

MPEG Encoder

PAY-PER-VIEW…is a service offered by cable

television companies that allows subscribers to view special programs (via private telecast) such as sporting events, feature-length films, and entertainment, for an additional charge.

The broadcaster shows the event at the same time to everyone ordering it.

History of Pay-per-view

It was first developed in 1951 known as the Zenith Phonevision system because it made use of telephone lines to take and receive orders, as well as to de-scramble a broadcast signal.

In 1972, the earliest pay-per-view system was operated on cable, but quickly went out of business as the cable industry adopted satellite technology.

History of Pay-per-view in the Philippines

Boxing fans were first introduced to their sport on pay-per-view with the Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier fight "Thrilla In Manila." Cable companies offered the match for $10, and about 155,000 customers paid to watch the fight.

According to HBO, pay-per-view fights almost always generate more money for the promoter and fighters than HBO wants to pay for an HBO World Championship Boxing license-fee.

In May 2007, the super-welterweight boxing match between Oscar De La Hoya and Floyd Mayweather Jr. on HBO PPV became the biggest-selling non-heavyweight title fight, with a little more than 2.5 million buyers. The fight itself generated roughly $134.4 million in domestic PPV revenue, making it the most lucrative prizefight of all time.

Ross Greenburg, then president of HBO Sports, called the expansion of pay-per-view "the biggest economic issue in boxing" and said:"I can't tell you that pay-per-view helps the sport because it doesn't. It hurts the sport because it narrows our audience, but it's a fact of life. Every time we try to make an HBO World Championship Boxing fight, we're up against mythical pay-per-view numbers. HBO doesn't make a lot of money from pay-per-view. There's usually a cap on what we can make. But the promoters and fighters insist on pay-per-view because that's where their greatest profits lie."

"It's a big problem," Greenburg continues. "It's getting harder and harder to put fighters like Manny Pacquiao on HBO World Championship Boxing. If Floyd Mayweather beats Oscar, he might never fight on HBO World Championship Boxing again. But if HBO stopped doing pay-per-view, the promoters would simply do it on their own [like Bob Arum did with Cotto-Malignaggi in June 2006] or find someone else who will do it for them."

Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a relative newcomer on the pay-per-view scene, matched the once-dominant World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. in pay-per-view revenues during 2006 and surpassed boxing titan HBO. The three companies make up the bulk of the pay-per-view business. According to Deana Myers, a senior analyst at Kagan Research LLC (which tracks the PPV industry), "UFC has reinvigorated the pay-per-view category."