Cable and configuration
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Transcript of Cable and configuration
![Page 1: Cable and configuration](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062709/5592d4d41a28ab2e118b4799/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prepared by. Lec, Heng Pheakna,BsIT,MsIT
Chapter 5: Cabling and Configuration
Cambodia International Cooperation Institute.
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Twist Pair Cabling
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ខ្សែ��ចំ�លងគឺមានសារះ�សំ�ខាន�សំ�រាប់�ការះតភ្ចា� ប់�ពី�
Computer ទៅ�កាន�Computer ទៅ��ងទៅ��ត។
ជាពី"ទៅសំសំ ចំ�ទៅ#�ការះទៅ$ប់�$%សំ� ជាមួ'យ Lan(Local Area
Network)
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ខាងទៅ$កាមួទៅន�គឺជា$ប់ទៅ)�ខ្សែ��សំ�រាប់�ទៅ$ប់�$%សំ�ជា LAN
មានដូ+ចំជា:
•Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
•Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
•Coaxial Cable
•Fiber Optic Cable
•Cable Installation Guides
•Wireless LANs
•Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
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Twist Pair Cabling $ត,វ%ន ទៅគឺខ្សែប់ងខ្សែចំកជាពី�រះ
$ប់ទៅ)�គឺ$ប់ទៅ)� ខ្សែ�� Shield ន"ង Unshielded Twist
Pair. Unshielded Twist Pair(UTP) $ត,វ%នទៅគឺ
ទៅ$ប់�យ៉ា0 ងទៅពីញន"យមួ ទៅ2�យវាជា$ប់ទៅ)�ខ្សែ��ជាជំ�ទៅរះ 5សំក67ងការះ
ទៅ$ជំ�សំទៅរះ 5សំក67ងការះសំ"ក8$ប់ពីន9 Network៕
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•Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector
Standard Connector សំ�រាប់� Unshield
Twist pair(UTP) គឺជា$ប់ទៅ)� RJ45 Connector។
$ប់ទៅ)� Connector $ប់ទៅ)� ទៅន�$ត,វ%នមាន$សំទាប់�កា#រះ
យ៉ា0 ងល< ប់��7ត គឺជា$សំទាប់� Plastic។
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ដង្គា� បសំ�រាប�គាបខ្សែ�� UTP ជាមួ�យនិ�ង RJ45
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Categories of Unshielded Twisted Pair
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រះទៅប់�ប់ក=ប់ខ្សែ�� UTP
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រះទៅប់�ប់ក=មួខ្សែ�� 2 រះទៅប់�ប់:
Straight Through Cable
Cross Cable
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ក=ប់ខ្សែ�� Straight Through Cable
ចំ�ទៅ#�ការះក=ប់ខ្សែ��$ប់ទៅ)� ទៅន� គឺទៅគឺទៅ$ប់�សំ�រាប់�ភ្ចា> ប់� ពី�
ក7�ពី?+�@រះ ទៅ� HUB ឬ Switch ន"ង ពី� Hub ទៅ� Switch
ឬ ពី� Switch ទៅ� Switch ជាមួ'យគ្នា6 ខ្សែប់ប់ Cascade
ទៅCយទៅ$ប់�ជាមួ'យ Por UP Link៕
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Figure: Computer to switch
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Figure: Switch to switch
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ក=ប់ខ្សែ�� cross
ការះក=ប់$ប់ទៅ)� ខ្សែ�� UTP/STP $ប់ទៅ)�ទៅន� គឺសំ�រាប់�
ភ្ចា> ប់�ពី� Computer ទៅ�កាន� Computer.
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Categories of UTP Cable
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also known as Cat 1, Level 1, or voice-grade
copper, is a grade of unshielded twisted pair
cabling ទៅគឺទៅ$ប់� $%សំ�វាមាន$ប់ទៅយ៉ាជំនD Telephone
Communicators៕
Category 1 cable(Cat1)
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also known as Cat 2, or Level 2, is a
grade of unshielded twisted pair cabling ទៅគឺ
ទៅ$ប់�$%សំ�វាមាន$ប់ទៅយ៉ាជំនD Telephone Communicators
and data communications. ��2�ខ្សែដូលធំ�នៃន
frequency suitable សំ�រាប់� transmission over Cat
2 cable is 4 MHz, ន"ង��2� bandwidth គឺ 4Mbps[1].
Cat 2 cable មាន 4 pair of wires, ឬ ៨ សំរះនៃសំរះសំរះ 7ប់៕
Category 2 cable(Cat2)
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commonly known as Cat 3 or station
wire, is an unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
វា$ត,វ%ន designed ដូកនំា� data ទៅI�ងរះ2+ត ដូល 10
Mbit/s, ជាមួ'យ ន"ង ��2� bandwidth នៃន 16 MHz. វាគឺជា
ខ្សែ�6កនៃន family copper cabling standards ខ្សែដូល$ត,វ
ប់ទៅងJ�តទៅI�ង ទៅCយ Electronic Industries Alliance ន"ង
the Telecommunications Industry Association.
Category 3 cable3(Cat)
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Cat3 គឺជា$ប់ទៅ)�នៃន ខ្សែ��ចំ�លង ខ្សែដូលមានភ្ចាពីទៅពីញន"យមួជាមួ'យន"ង computer network administrators in the early 1990s, but fell out of popularity in favor of the very similar, but higher performing, Category 5 cable standard. Since the early 2000s most new structured cable installations are built with Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable.
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is a description of a cable that consists of four unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) copper wires with a data rate of 16 Mbit/s and performance of up to 20 MHz. It was used in token ring networks, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T4, and is no longer common or used in new installations. It is used in telephone networks which can transmit voice and data from 12 Mbit/s to 16 Mbit/s.
Category 4 Cable(Cat4)
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is a twisted pair cable for carrying signals.
This type of cable is used in structured cabling for
computer networks such as Ethernet. It is also
used to carry other signals such as telephony and
video.
Category 5 cable (Cat 5)
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cable, commonly referred to as Cat 6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward compatible with the ..
Category 6 Cable(Cat6)
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Coaxial Cable
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Coaxial Cable គឺជា$ប់ទៅ)�ខ្សែ��ខ្សែដូលទៅគឺទៅ$ប់�$%សំ�
យ៉ា0 ងទៅពីញន"យមួសំ�រាប់�ប់ណ្តាL ញ��នំាក���នង (Data
Communication ) ន"ង ខ្សែ���+រះ�+សំ�នDខ្សែ��កាប់ជាទៅដូ�មួ ។
ជាធំមួMតា $ប់ទៅ)�ខ្សែ��ទៅន�ទៅ$ប់�$%សំ�ជាមួ'យន"ង $ក Oមួ27ន
Telephone ខ្សែដូលទៅចំញពី� central Office ទៅ�កាន�
User ជាពី"ទៅសំសំទៅយ�ងអាចំទៅ$ប់�$%សំ�ជាមួ'យន"ង
Ethernet ន"ង Local Area Network៕
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The connectors for coaxial cableBNC cable connector : Sealed or fitted at the end of the cable.BNC T : Connects the adapter to the computer network cable.BNC Extension : Connects two segments of coaxial cable to get a longer cable.BNC connector ends : Placed at each end of the cable network bus signals to absorb parasites.
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Fiber Optic
Cable
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Fiber Optic Cable គឺជាមួទៅធំQ%យប់ញ្ជូ>+នData
ខ្សែដូលមានលកSណះ�ទៅលUVនទៅលWនប់��7តទៅCយសារះ ការះប់ញ្ជូ>+ន គឺទៅ$ប់�
ពីនXទៅYI"ត$ត,ន"ចំ ដូ+ចំជា EMI, Crosstalk, ន"ង តាមួYង�ខ្សែតន។
ចំ�ទៅ#�ការះប់ញ្ជូ�+នData ដូ+ចំជា Video ន"ង សំ�ទៅលង Voice
Transmissions លចំZសំ�ល[៕ ចំ�ទៅ#�ការះប់ញ្ជូ�+នតាមួរះយ�
Fiber optic Y6កអាចំ ប់ញ្ជូ�+ន %នពី�រះ �X+វ គឺ តាមួរះយ� Single
Mode ន"ងMultiple Mode ។
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Fiber Optic
Single Mode Multiple Mode
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Single Mode គឺមានកា� ពីនXខ្សែតមួ'យគឺត�ខ្សែដូលមាន
�"សំទៅ\ខ្សែកងន"ងខ្សែ��ចំ�លងទៅ2�យមួ7�ត+ចំប់��7តនៃនខ្សែ��ចំ�លង
មាន១០mq ប់ណះL+ លខ្សែ��ទៅគឺទៅធំ_�ទៅI�ងមានdensity ទៅសំM�
សាចំជាទៅ2ត7 ទៅធំ_�ទៅអាយកា� ពីនXរះតជាខ្សែ��$តងទៅCយគ្នាM ន
ល�ងាក ៕ ដូ+ទៅចំ6�ទៅគឺទៅ$ប់� Sigle Mode សំ�រាប់�ការះប់ញ្ជូ�+ន
រះយ�ចំ�ងាយជំ"តៗ
Single Mode
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Multiple Mode គឺមានកា� ពីនXជាទៅ$ចំ�នទៅធំ_�ការះផ្លាX សំ�
ប់L+រះ ឆ្លXងកាត�តាមួប់ណះL+ រះខ្សែ��ក67ង�"សំទៅ\ទៅ��ងៗគ្នា6 ៕ កា� ពីនX
ទៅន�វាអាចំទៅធំ_�ការះឆ្លXងកាត�អា$សំ@យទៅ�ន"ងរះ +ប់សំណ្តា9 ននៃន
ប់ណះL+ រះខ្សែ��កញ្ជូ�ក�៕ ទៅdក67ង Multiple Mode ខ្សែចំកជា ២
យ៉ា0 តទៅ��តគឺ
- Step Index
- Graded Index
Multiple Mode
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Step Index មានកា� ពីនXជាទៅ$ចំ�នខ្សែដូលអាចំ
ទៅធំ_�ដូ�ទៅណះ� រះឆ្លXងកាត�តាមួខ្សែ��ចំ�លងខ្សែតមួ'យ ប់07ខ្សែនLមាន�"សំទៅ\
�7សំគ្នា6 មានន@យថារះលកសំញ្ញាh ណះទៅធំ_�ដូ�ទៅណះ� រះជាលកSណះ�ខ្សែ��
$តង� ន"ង ខ្សែ�� កាចំ�៕
Step Index
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ខ្សែ��$តង�: កា� ពីនXមាន�"សំទៅ\ខ្សែកងន"ងមួ7�កាត�ខ្សែ��
ចំ�លង ទៅធំ_�ដូ�ទៅណះ� រះឆ្លXងកាត�តាមួរះយ�ខ្សែ��ចំ�លងទៅន�ខ្សែដូលមាន
ដូងសំ�i7ទៅតទៅសំM�រះសាចំជាទៅ2ត7ទៅធំ_�ទៅអាយរះលសំញ្ញាjណះទៅធំ_�ដូ�ទៅន�រះ
គ្នាM នល�ងាក�តាមួរះយ�ខ្សែ��$តង៕
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ខ្សែ��កាចំ: កា� ពីនXមាន�"សំទៅ\ជា�$មួងទៅកាង
មានន@យថា កា� ពីនXទៅធំ_�ដូ�ទៅណះ� រះទៅI�ងមួLង ន"ង ចំ7�ទៅ�វkញទៅ�មួក
ទៅdទៅល�ខ្សែ�� ចំ�លង៕
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គឺកា� ពីនXឆ្លXងកាត�តាមួប់ណះL+ លខ្សែ��ខ្សែដូលមាន
density �7សំគ្នា6 រះវាងប់ណះL+ លខ្សែ�� ន"ង density កាន�ខ្សែត
ទាប់ទៅ�ៗរះ2+តដូល�ទាប់ប់��7តទៅd$តងខ្សែគឺមួនៃនខ្សែ��៕
Graded Index
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Unguide Media
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Troposphere Propagation
$សំទាប់� Troposhere អាចំទៅធំ_�ដូ�ទៅណះ� រះទៅCយ
មួទៅធំQ%យ ២ យ៉ា0 ងគឺ:
- Signal អាចំមាន�"សំទៅ\ជាខ្សែ��$តងពី�Yង�ខ្សែតន
មួ'យទៅ� កាន�Yង�ខ្សែតនមួ'យទៅ��ត
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- Signal អាចំ broadcast $តងមួ7�រះវាងរះលក
សំញ្ញាh ណះចំា� ងប់0�ន"ង Tropospphere រះ 'ចំរះលក
សំញ្ញាh ណះទៅនំា�ផ្លាX ត$តលប់� មួកប់ប់0�ន"ងខ្សែ�នដូ�ជាពី"ទៅសំសំ
�"សំទៅ\មួករះកY6ក��'លរះលកសំញ្ញាh ណះ៕ រះលកសំញ្ញាh ណះ
ទា� ងទៅនំា�អាចំទៅ$ប់�ជាមួ'យ AM radio 530kHz ទៅ�ដូល�
1700KHz៕ រះលកសំញ្ញាjណះ $ប់ទៅ)�ទៅន�ទៅគឺយកទៅ�
ទៅ$ប់�$%សំ�ជាមួ'យន"ងនំាវាចំរះណះD ខ្សែដូលទៅធំ_�ដូ�ទៅណះ� រះទៅល��=ក
សំមួ7$�៕
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Ionospheric Propagation
ទៅdក67ង Inosphere propagation រះលកវk�?7មានទៅ$ប់កង�(Frequency) ក$មួ"ត�mសំ�ប់�ភ្ចាយ(�8យចំ+ល
$សំទាប់� inosphere រះ 'ចំ$តលប់�មួកខ្សែ�នដូ�វ kញប់នំាn ប់�ប់�
ភ្ចាយរះលកសំញ្ញាh ណះចំ+លទៅ�ឧប់ករះណះD ��'លនំានំា៕
រះលកសំញ្ញាh ណះ ទៅន�ទៅគឺទៅ$ប់�$%សំ�សំ�រាប់���នំាក���នងខ្សែ�6ក
ទៅយ៉ាធា, ��នំាក���នង�យនLទៅq�,នំាវាចំរះណះD ន"ង ប់ណ្តាL ញ�+រះ
សំពីn@៕
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Line of Sight Propagation
$ត,រះ%នទៅគឺទៅ$ប់�Frequency ចំាប់�ពី 30kHz ទៅ�ដូល�
300MHz ន"ង 300MHz ទៅ�ដូល� 3000MHz រះ r 3GHz៕
រះលក�សំញ្ញាjណះទៅន�ប់ញ្ជូ�+ន%នរះយ�ចំ�ងាយជំ"តៗទៅCយសារះ វាជំ'ប់
ឧប់សំគឺsទៅ$ចំ�ន ដូ+ចំជា អាគ្នារះ�mសំ, ទៅដូ�មួទៅt� ន"ង )6�ជាទៅដូ�មួ ទៅ2�យ
ខ្សែ�6កមួ'យចំ�ន'នទៅ��ត ប់ញ្ជូ>+នទៅ�កាន�ឧសំMន@ក�រះទៅ2�យឆ្លXង ទៅ�
សំញ្ញាh កាសំ ៕ រះលក�សំញ្ញាh ណះទា� ងទៅន�យកទៅ�ទៅ$ប់�$%សំ�ជាមួ'យ
TV, Radio FM ន"ង �+រះសំពីn@ចំល@ត៕
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The End