c,ab; nigeKalneya)aykm

1

c,ab; nigeKalneya)aykm<úCa

yutþiFm’sRmab;Gñkrs;ranmanCIvitBIGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuItenAkm<úCa

{ebIsinCaxJúMmanluyTaMgduM

tulakarRbEhlCaGnuvtþtamc,ab;ehIypþnÞaeTas[nagCab;Bn§naKar}1

hSar: un bIhS½r (Sharon Beijer)2

1> esckþ Iepþ Im>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

2> GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasu It-savtarsegçb>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

2>1> plb:HBal;EpñkevC¢sa®sþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

2>2> plb:HBal;minEmnevC¢sa®sþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

2>3> karcUlrYmBIsMNak;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

3> GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasu ItenAkm< úCa-ktþabgácMnYnbYn>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

3>1> Tinñn½y>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

3>2> karTijTwkGasu It nigplb:HBal;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

3>3> niTNÐPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

3>4> karyl;eXIjrbs;saFarNCn>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4> RbB½n§c,ab;km< úCa³ kþ IsgÇwmkñ úgkarseRmc)anyutþ iFm’sRmab;CnrgeRKaHénGMeBIhigSaedayTwk

Gasu It>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>1> dMeNIrkarc,ab;enAkm< úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

1

CnrgeRKaHedayTwkGasuIt. enAkñúgGtßbTenH GñkEdl)anrs;ranBIkarrlakTwkGasuItRtÚv)ansmÁal;eday

eQμaHCaGkSrkat;rbs;BYkeK kñúgeKalbMNgeKarBelIPaBCaÉkCn nigmUlehtusuvtßiPaB. 2

GñkniBn§Føab;bMeBjkargarenAGgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt. GñkniBn§)anBwgEp¥kelI

bTBiesaFn_ Tinñn½y nigkarRsavRCav EdlRbmUl nigpþl;[edayGgÁkar. b:uEnþ KMnitEdl)anbeBa©jkñúg

GtßbTenH CaKMnitrbs;GñkniBn§pÞal; Edlmin)anbgðajBIkaryl;eXIjrbs;GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCa

edaysarGasuItenaHeLIy.

2

4>2> c,ab;sþ IBIkarRKb;RKgGasu Itxøa Mg ¬2012¦>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>2>1> GnuRkwtüsþIBIEbbbT niglkçxNÐénkarRKb;RKgGasuItxøaMg>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>3> ]bsKÁTUeTAEdlraraMgCnrgeRKaHBIkarTTYl)anyutþ iFm’>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>3>1> kgVHÉkraCPaBéntulakarkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>3>2> karerIseGIg nigkaryl;eXIj>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>4>karyl;eXIjrbs;Gñkrs;ranmanCIvitBIGMeBIhigSaedayTWkGasu It>>

4>4>1> karP½yxøac nigkarminTukcitþRbB½n§c,ab;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>4>2> kgVHkarCRmHkþI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>4>3> kRmitpþnÞaeTasTab>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>4>4> kgVHkarGnuvtþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4>5> \T§ iBlc,ab;sþ IBIGasu ItmkelIGñkrs;ranmanCIvit>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

5> esckþ Isnñ id æan nigGnusasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

1> esckþ Iepþ Im

éf¶TI5 ExsIha bIExbnÞab;BIkarElglHKñarbs;GtItbþIRbBn§mYYyKU nigbnÞab;BIkaresñI

suMpÞÜn²edIm,ITamTarykKat;mkvij rYmCamYynwgkarKMramkMEhgfaeKnwgykkUnrbs;Kat;eTA

b>s Gayu49qñaM kMBugEtrg;caMGtItRbBn§rbs;Kat; eQμaH N>s ecjBIpÞHmitþPkþinag.

enAeBl N.s ecjBIpÞHrbs;mitþPkþi b>s k¾)anCHTwkGasuIteTAelI N>s EdlCaGtIt

RbBn§eFVI[rlakrelHelIépÞmux k edImRTÚg xñg sμa nigEPñkxagsþaMrbs;nag. nagnwgRtÚv

rs;enACamYysñam smøakénkarvayRbharenHGs;mYyCIvit. mYyéf¶eRkaymk b>s k¾RtÚv

)ancab;XuMxøÜnbeNþaHGasnñrhUtdl;eBlCMnuMCRmHkþI. enAExmkra qñaM2013 saladMbUg

raCFanIPñMeBj)ankat;kþI[ b>s Cab;Bn§naKarcMnYn5qñaM EfmTaMgRtÚvbg;R)ak;Bin½ycMnYn10

lanerol ¬2500duløarGaemrik¦ CUnrdæsRmab;kareRbIGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt eday

ectna. kardak;eTas b>s KWCaTm¶n;eTasF¶n;bMputEdlRtÚv)anecaTRbkan; eBalKWbT

{GMeBIhigSaedayectna} edayeyagtammaRta20 énc,ab;sþIBIkarRKb;RKgGasuItxøaMg b¤

ehAfa ¬c,ab;GasuIt¦.

3

enAéf¶TI11 Exmkra qñaM2012c,ab;sþIBIGasuIt)ancUlCaFrman.3

c,ab;enHRtÚv

)anerobcMLIgkñúgeKalbMNgedaHRsaybBaðaEdlekIteLIgCaerOy² karvayRbharedayTwk

GasuIt EdlCH\T§iBlGnþraydl;mnusSCaeRcInenAkm<úCa. karvayRbharedayTwkGasuItCa

GMeBIhigSaeRKagTuk Edl)aneFIV[CnrgeRKaHmansmøakTaMgEpñk pøÚvkay pøÚvcitþ

nigstiGarmμN_.4

CaTUeTA karvayRbharedayTwkGasuItmin)ansmøab; CnrgeRKaHenaHeT.

b:uEnþ vaeFVI[CnrgeRKaHTTYlrgrbYsF¶n;F¶r nigQWcab;elIrUbragkay b:HBal;dl;CIvPaB

CnrgeRKaHeKcevHBIsgÁm nigFøak;Twkcitþ.5

karvinicä½yeTas b>s Gaccat;TukfaCakarvinicä½yeTasmYyEdlKYr[cab;GarmμN_eday

Ep¥kelIehtuplmYycMnYn. TImYy karEdlfaCnelμIsRtÚv)ancab;xøÜn EdlCakrNIBiessmYy

eTAehIy. ry³eBléndMeNIrkarTaMgmUlEdlKitcab;BIkarvayRbhar rhUteTAdl;karecj

salRkm)aneFVIeLIgkñúgry³eBlxøI. cugeRkay erOgkþIenHCaerOgkþIdMbUgbMput EdlCnsgS½y

RtÚv)anecaTRbkan; nigkat;eTasedayeRbIR)as;c,ab;fμIenH.

enAkm<úCa Gñkrs;manmanCIvitBIGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuItCaTUeTA BuM)anTTYlkarCMnuMCRmHkþI

nigkarpþnÞaeTasCnelμIs[Cab;Bn§naKarPøam²eT. esÞIrEtRKb;krNITaMgGs; CnsgS½yminRtÚv

)ancab;xøÜnenaHeT. CnrgeRKaH)anbnSl;nUvsøaksñamTaMgelIragkay nigstiGarmμN_

CaerogrhUtehIyKμansgÇwmkñúgkarTTYl)anyutþiFm’ nig dMeNaHRsaytampøÚvc,ab;eT.

r)aykarN_ecjpSayenAqñaM2010edayGgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt ¬ehA

kat;fa CASC¦ shkarN_CamYymCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa ¬ehAkat;fa CCHR¦ )anbgðaj

GMBIbBaðacm,gcMnYnbYnEdlCaedImehtuénGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuItenAkm<úCa. bBaðaTaMgenaH

rYmmankarGacrkTijTwkGasuIt)anenAelITIpSar niTNÐPaB nigkarxVHxatkarpþl;[nUvesvakmμ

3

c,ab;enHRtÚv)anRbkasenAéf¶TI4 Exvicäika qñaM2011 nigRtÚv)anRbkas[eRbIedayRBH)aTneratþmsIhmunI

enAéf¶TI21 ExFñÚ qñaM2011. 4

emIleKhTMB½rrbs; GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt; www.thecasc.org 5

J. Welsh, GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa "It was like burning in hell: A Comparative Exploration of Acid Attack

Violence", CAROLINA PAPERS ON INT'L HEALTH, UNC Global 3 (Fall 2009), Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r:

//cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf

4

se®gÁaHbnÞan;eRkayBIrgeRKaH RBmCamYykaryl;rbs;saFarNCn.6

GtßbTenHnwgBnül;

GMBIbBaðaTaMg4xagelI b:uEnþ karepþatsMxan;eTAelI {vb,Fm’énniTNÐPaB} énGMeBIhigSaeday

TwkGasuItenAkm<úCa. Tinñn½yrbs;GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt )anbgðajfa

CnelμIs kRmRtÚv)annaMykeTAkat;eTasNas;. edayGgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysar

GasuIt enAkñúgerOgkþIc,ab;cMnYn41krNI manEterOgkþIcMnYn11krNIEtb:ueNÑaH EdlRtÚv)an

seRmcedaytulakar.7

mUlehtuBak;B½n§nwgkarminpþnÞaeTasCnelμIs GacRbTHeXIjenA

RKb;Can;fñak;TaMgGs;éndMeNIrkarRBhμTNÐ. CalT§pl GñkrYcCIvitBIGMeBIhigSaedayGasuIt

minTMngCa)aneXIjCnéddl;TTYlkarCMnuMCRmHkþI nig dMeNaHRsayenAkñúgtulakarkm<úCa.

karEsVgrk yutþiFm’enAEtmankarlM)ak ehIyCYnkalenaHKWminGaceFVIeTArYcEtmþg.

GtßbTenH nwgepþateTAelI]bsKÁEdlCnrgeRKaHedayTwkGasuIt)anCYbRbTHenAkñúg

dMeNIrkarEsVgrkyutþiFm’. GtßbTenH nwgBinitüeTAelI)atuPUténGMeBIhigSaEdlbgáeLIgeday

karRbIR)as;TwkGasuIt RBmTaMgedImehtu nigplb:HBal;EdlGacekIteLIg. elIsBIenH

eTAeTot GtßbTenHnwgeFVIkarBinitüelIbc©úb,nñPaBénRbB½n§c,ab;km<úCa nigplb:HBal;elIkarEsVg

rkyutþiFm’edayGMeBIhigSaTwkGasuIt. GtßbTenH nwgeFVIkarykcitþTukdak;CaBiesseTAelI

c,ab;GasuIt Edldak;[eRbIfμI² nigGnuRkwt8

Edl)ancUlCaFrman enAcugExmkra qñaM2013

RBmCamYynwg \T§iBlénÉksarTaMgenH.

2> GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasu It-savtarsegçb

6

CASC nigCCHR, GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa 'Breaking and Silence: Addressing Acid Attacks in Cambodia',

enA Ex]sPa qñaM2010, TMB½r16. 7

Tinñn½yGgÁPaBc,ab;én CASC. esckþIseRmccugeRkaymann½yfaerOgkþIminRtÚv)anCRmHsaCafμIenaHeT

¬edaysarry³eBlEdlRtÚvcMNaykñúgkarbþwg]T§rN_ b¤GacmkBItulakarkMBUlCaGñkecjsalRkm¦. 8

GnuRkwtsþIBITRmg;EbbbT niglkçxNÐsRmab;karRKb;RKgGasuItxøaMg/ enAkñúg Sub-decree on the Formalities and

Conditions for Strong Acid Control, 13 Official Gazette1487 (Feb. 19, 2013). ÉksarbkERbBIPasaExμreTA

Gg;eKøseRkApøÚvkarRtÚv)anykmkeRbIR)as;kñúgkarviPaKelIGnuRkwtüenH.

5

GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt minEmnCabBaðaEdlekIteLIgEtenAkm<úCaeT. karvayRbhar

edayTwkGasuItRtÚv)anraykarN_Cajwkjab;enARbeTs\NÐa ):aKIsßan bg;kaøeds en)a:l;

GuIr:g; GuIra:k; yUhÁan;da nigkULúMb‘Í.9

r)aykarN_Bak;B½n§nwg ]bTÞvehtudac;edayELkekIteLIgenA

shrdæGaemrik cRkPBGg;eKøs GaløWm:g; rusSúI Eb‘lhSiúk nigRbeTskaNada.10

eyageTAelIkMeNInénr)aykarN_Bak;B½n§nwgGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt eyIgGacniyay)anfa

GMeBIhigSaRbePTenHCa)atuPUtfμI. b:uEnþ r)aykarN_sþIBIkareRbIR)as; TwkGasuItkñúg\riyabf

yg;Xñg)anbgðajfa kareRbIR)as;TwkGasuItrebobenH)anekIteLIgy:agehacNas; taMgBI

stvtSr_TI18mkemø:H.11

enAeBlEdl GasuIts‘ulPYric Gacrk)anedaygayenAGWr:ub

nigGaemric mnusSk¾cab;epþIm eRbIR)as;GasuItkñúgeKalbMNghigSa bnÞab;BIGasuItRbePTenH

9

Arturo Wallace, GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Colombia Acid Victims Seek Justice As Attacks Spread, BBC,

enAéf¶TI30 Ex]sPa qñaM2012, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-

18246717 10

Chris Boyette, GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Police: NY man attacks daughter with acid, éf¶TI2 ExkBaaØ qñaM2012, RbPBBIGuineFINit, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/02/us/new-york-acid-

attack; GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa The Guardian, Salford acid attack may be racially motivated, éf¶TI 26

Exmina qñaM2012, RbPBBIGuineFINit, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/mar/26/salford-acid-attack-racially-motivated; GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa

The Local, Two arrested in Rhineland acid attack, éf¶TI 31 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2012, RbPBBIGuineFINit,

Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://www.thelocal.de/national/20121231-47057.html#.URiOWPL74zk; CNN,

GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Russia’s Bolshoi Ballet director may lose sight after acid attack, éf¶TI 23 Ex mkra

qñaM 2013, RbPBBIGuineFINit, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/18/world/europe/russia-

ballet-acid-attack; GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa The Daily Mail, Acid victim testifies against married lover, éf¶TI

12 Ex mina qñaM 2012, RbPBBIGuineFINit, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-

2113939/Patricia-Lefranc-Acid-attack-victim-arrives-testify-married-lover.html#axzz2KZPWgunl;

GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa The Global Post, Acid attack in Canada puts woman into coma, éf¶TI 29 Ex sIha

qñaM 2012, GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r:

http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/canada/120829/acid-attack-canada-tanya-st-arnaud-coma. 11

emIl; Welsh, kMnt;cMNaMelx5xagelI, TMB½r. 21-25, edIm,IBt’manbEnßmelIGMeBIhigSaedayeRbIR)as;

GasuItenAGtItkal.

6

RtÚv)anplitCalkçN³]sSah_kmμenARbeTsGg;eKøskñúgGMLúg qñaM1750.12

sRmg;Bakü

Edl)andkRsg;ecjBITsSnavdþIkøasehÁa taMgBIqñaM1830 )ansesrfa {]RkidækmμénkarCH

vIRTIy:Ul [GasuIts‘ulPYric] )ankøayCa erOgmYysamBaØeTAkñúgRbeTsenH EdlesÞIrEt

eFVI[xUccritCatieTAehIy.}13

b:uEnþKitRtwmBak;kNþalstvtSr_TI20 karvayRbhareday

TwkGasuItenAGWr:ub nigshrdæGaemrik esÞIrEtsabrlabGs;eTAvij. r)aykarN_sþIBIGMeBIhigSa

edayTwkGasuIt enAkñúgtMbn;déTeTotelIBiPBelak ¬dUcCaenAGasuI nigGasuIbUBa’¦ eTIb)an

cab;epþImekIneLIgcab; BIcugstvtSr_TI20mk.14

GMeBIhigSa nigkarvayRbharedayTwkGasuIt KWCakarvayRbharedayectnaeTAelI

buKÁlmñak; b¤k¾RkúmmYykñúgeKalbMNgeFVI[CnrgeRKaHBikar xUcrUbragkayGs;mYyCIvit

bgá[mankarQWcab; eFVITaruNkmμ b¤smøab;CnrgeRKaHbNþal[mankarQWcab;F¶n;FrelIpøÚvkay

nigpøÚvcitþ. plb:HBal;énGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuuId nigeRKaHfñak;edayTwkGasuIt Gacbgá

PaBGnþrayy:agxøaMg. CaTUeTAkarvayRbharedayeRbIR)as; TwkGasuItminGacbNþal[

CnrgeRKaH)at;bg;CIviteT b:uEnþCanic©Cakal vaeFVI[CnrgeRKaHTTYlrgrbYs nigTTYlrgnUv

karQWcab;Pøam². cMENkÉplb:HBal;yUrGEgVgvijrYmman karxUcragkayGs; mYyCIvit

sñamsmøak karQWcab; nigbBaðaevC¢sa®sþ. eRkABIplvi)akpøÚvkay nigevC¢sa®sþ

Gñkrs;CIvitnigRKÜsarrbs;BYkeK RtÚvts‘URbQmmuxnwgbBaðasgÁm bBðaapøÚvcitþ nigTTYlrg

TukçGs;mYyCIvit.15

karvayRbharRtÚv)anRbRBwtþeLIgkñúgeKalbMNg {sgswk}.16

Evls_

(Welsh) )anmanRbsasn_fa GacmankarBnül;CaeRcInsRmab;karvayRbharedayeRbIR)as;

12

L. V. Anderson, Throwing vitriol. GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa When did people start using acid as a

weapon?, Slate, éf¶TI4 ExkumÖ³ qñaM2013, RbPBBIGuineFINit, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r:

http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2013/02/history_of_acid_violence_when_did_people_start_throwing_vitriol.html 13

GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Execution of Hugh Kennedy, 3-4 THE REFORMER’S GAZETTE, 332 (Muir,

Rowan & Co., 1831), Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r:

http://books.google.com.kh/books?id=jDrhIzL32vwC&pg=RA1PA332&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=vitriol&f=false. 14

Anderson, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx12. 15

GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Breaking the Silence emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx6, TMB½r 6.

16

kic©smÖasn_CamYyelak eh‘Sót samemn (Ziad Samman), RbFanKeRmagCASC.

7

TwkGasuIt rYmman karGacrkTijTwkGasuIt)ankñúgtémøefak pñt;KMnitCalkçN³RbéBNI

Bak;B½n§nwg®sþI karpøas;bþÚrtYnaTIEynD½r \T§iBlBIRbPBsarB½t’man kar)at;bg;muxmat;kitþiys

nigbMNgcg;sgswk nigdak;TNÐkmμ.17

karvayRbharedayTwkGasuItRtÚv)aneFVIeLIgTaMgenATIsaFarN³ nigenATIkEnøgÉkCn

edaykarCH eRsac nigcak;TwkGasuIteTAelImux nigxøÜnR)aNCnrgeRKaH. ]TahrN_

Bak;B½n§nwgkarvayRbharrYmman manCnelμIsmYycMnYneFVIkarvayRbharedayCHTwkGasuIttam

bg¥ÜccMh nigKas;cUlpÞHenAeBlyb; rYceRsacTwkGasuItelIrUbragkayCnrgeRKaH

enAeBlEdl CnrgeRKaHkMBugEtsRmanþ. karvayRbharxøHeTot)aneFVIeLIgedaykarCHTwk

GasuItBIelI eTacRkyanynþ b¤enATIkEnøgEdlceg¥ótdUcCapSarCaedIm. CaTUeTA

muxKWCaeKaledA cm,gEdlnwgRtÚvvayRbhar ehIyTwkGasuIthUreRsacmkelIedImRTÚg

nigeBjragkaykñúgGMLúgeBlvayRbhar. CnelμIs GaceFVIskmμPaBvayRbhar)an

y:aggayRsÜl enATIsaFarN³dUcCaenATIpSar nigePaCnIydæan edaysarTwkGasuItminman

lkçN³dUcCaGavuFTUeTA. GasuItCasarFatuføadUcTwk EdlemIleTAhak;bIdUcCaTwkFmμta

enAkñúgdbTwksuT§G‘Ícwg EdleFVI[]RkidæCngayRsÜleRbIR)as;edIm,IeFVIskmμPaB edayBuMEsþg[

eXIjRtg;²eLIy. mYyvijeTot karvayRbharedayeRbIR)as;TwkGasuIt manlkçN³

{gayRsÜl} eRBaHkarCHTwkGasuItBuM)anbeBa©jsMeLg EdlGac[CnrgeRKaHdwgBI

RBwtþikarN_EdlbRmúgnwgekIteLIgelIxøÜnmunenaHeT. enAeBlTTYlrgkarvayRbharPøam²

CnrgeRKaHEtgEtKitfa xøÜnrbs;eKRtÚv)aneRsacedayTwkekþA eRkaymkbnþiceTIbdwgfa

xøÜnRtÚv)anvayRbharedayTwkGasuIt. elIsBIenHeTAeTot enAeBlEdlkarvayRbhar)an

eFVIeLIgenATIsaFarN³ vaeFVI[]RkidæCn gayRsÜlbnøMxøÜnkñúgcMeNamhVÚgmnusS b¤CiHm:UtUEdlenA

rg;caMeKcxøÜn.

2>1> plb:HBal;EpñkevC¢sa®sþ

enAeBlEdlGasuIteTAb:HelIragkay b¤Es,k vaeFVI[manGarmμN_RsedogKñaeTAnwg

rlakTwkekþAEdr b:uEnþ minyUrb:unμan CnrgeRKaHnwgTTYlGarmμN_ekþArlakelIEs,kkan;EtxøaMg

17

Welsh, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 5, TMB½r 2. ktþaCMrujBIeRkayénGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuItnwgRtÚvBnül;

bEnßmxageRkam.

8

eLIg² RbsinebIminykTwkmklagsm¥atCatiGasuItecjPøam²eTenaH GasuItnwgsuIEs,k

sac; sac;duM nigRbB½n§RbsaT suIq¥wg EdlnaM[QaneTAdl;karBikarsrIragÁ.

edaysarmuxmnusS eBareBjeTAedayCalika TwkGasuItGackat;bMpøajEPñk RtbkEPñk

Rtecok bbUrmat; RcmuH nigmat;ya:gqab;eh½s. CnrgeRKaH nwgTTYlrgnUvkar

QWcab;rhUtTal;EtlagCRmHCatiGasuItGs;. bnÞab;BIry³eBlRbEhlCa5vinaTIeRkayBIb:H

TwkGasuIt sñamrlakEpñkxageRkAnwgelceLIg rYcRbmaNCa30vinaTIeRkayBIkarrlak

sñamrlaknwgelceLIgkan;EtRkas;eTA². CnrgeRKaHnwgTTYlrgkarQWcab;xøaMgbMputBIrlak

Es,kxageRkA CaCagkarrlakeRCAedaysarEt karrlakeRCA)anbMpøajekasikaRbsaT

eTAehIy. GasuItmankMhab;kan;Etrav plb:HBal;dl;xøÜnR)aN nigEs,kkan;Ettic.18

bnÞab;BIkarvayRbharPøam² CnrgeRKaHnwgTTYlrgnUvbBaaðsuxPaBF¶n;F¶rCaeRcIn.

bBaaðTaMgenaHrYmman GsmtßPaBkñúgkardkdegðÍm EdlbgáeLIgedaykarRsÚbykcMhay

GasuIt EdlnaM[manRbtikmμCatiBul b¤GacehImsYt nigrlakpøÚvdegðÍm. Gs;ry³eBlb:unaμn

s)þah_eRkayBIkareRKaHfñak; CnrgeRKaHGacRbQmmuxnwgkarqøgemeraKbgáedaysarmuxrbYs

enAcMhr EdlGacb:HBal;dl;CIvitRbsinebIkarBüa)aledaybec©keTs lagsm¥at

nigsmøab;emeraK[)anRtwmRtÚveTenaH. CagenHeTAeTot Es,kEdlrlaknwggab; rYcmuxrbYs

nwgeLIgexμA ehIybnSl;TuknUvsmøakFM².

ktþaKMramkMEhgy:agF¶n;F¶reTAelICnrgeRKaH KWkarxVHxatkarTTYl)annUvesvakmμ

suxaPi)almYyEdlmanKuNPaB enARbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_CaeRcIn. BuMTTYl)anesvakmμ

suxaPi)alRKb;RKan; nigRtÚvEtgEteFVIdMeNIrq¶ay² edÍm,IeTAmnÞIreBTü b¤mNÐlsuxPaB

EdlenACitbMput cMENkkarBüa)almuxrbYsEdlbgáedayTwkGasuItRtÚvEteFVIeLIgPøam²eday

minGacBnüar)an.19

esÞIrEtRKb;mnÞIreBTürdæ nigmnÞIreBTüÉkCnenAkm<úCa BuM)anpþl;esvakmμ

Büa)altamtRmÚvkarCnrgeRKaHedaykarrlakTwkGasuIteLIy b¤pþl;karBüa)alminRtwmRtÚv

edaysarTTYl)ankarhVwkhVWn nigcMeNHdwgGMBIkarrlak enAmankRmit ehIyeBlxøH)aneFVI[

18

GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Breaking the Silence emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 6, TMB½r 5 .

19

P. Chatterjee, GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Campaigns Against Acid Violence Spur Change, 89 BULLETIN

OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORG. 8 ¬2011¦.

9

GñkCgWmansPaBkan;EtF¶n;F¶rEfmeTotpg. enAkm<úCa mnÞIreBTümanEtbIb:ueNÑaH Edlman

EpñkrlakehIymnÞIreBTüTaMgenaH suT§EtmanTItaMgenAPñMeBjTaMgGs;.20

edaysarEtxVH

mNÐlsuxPaBenACitpÞH CnrgeRKaH)aneFVIdMeNIreTARbeTsevotNamedIm,ITTYl)annUv

karBüa)alRtwmRtÚv kñúgkrNIEdlmanR)ak;RKb;RKan;sRmab;TTYl)ankarBüa)al. bBaaðmYy

eTotenaH KWkgVHkarEfTaMsuxPaBry³eBlEvg. naeBlbc©úb,nñ GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCa

edaysarGasuIt shkarCamYymCÄmNÐlvHkat;kumar21

(CSC) CakEnøgEtmYyKt;enAkm<úCa

Edlpþl;esvakmμtamdansßanPaBCMgWkñúgry³eBlEvgsRmab;karrlakTwkGasuIt.22

GgÁkar

CYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt)anB¤krNIEdlRbCaCneTArkRKÚExμrburaNedIm,IBüa)al

¬GacmkBIBYkKat; minmanlT§PaBRKb;RKan;edIm,ITTYl)annUvkarBüa)altamEbbevC¢sa®sþ

RtwmRtÚv¦ edayeRbIR)as;C½reTAlabelImuxrbYs ehIyeRbIsøwkeckruMmuxrbYs Edlkar

eFVIrebobenH GacbgákarqøgemeraKF¶n;F¶r. kgVHCMnaj cMeNHdwg nig]bkrN_caM)ac;

k¾GacCaktþaEdl naM[sPaBCMgÅkan;EtF¶n;F¶r nigGacb:HBal;dl;GayuCIvitCnrgeRKaHEdr.

karrlakTwkGasuIt GacbNþal[manbBaðasuxPaBkñúgry³eBlEvg b¤mYyGaceBj

mYyCIvitk¾fa)an. bBaaðsuxPaBTaMgenaHrYmman xVak;mYyCÍvít karxUcxatEpñkxøHénckçúviBaaØN

sþab;minsUvlW xUcTRmg;muxmat; mansmøakGs;mYyCIvit rYjnigxUcRTg;RTayrUbragkay

karQWcab;pøÚvcitþ nigBikar.23

eyagtamGgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak EdlehAkat;fa (WHO)

CnrgeRKaHRtÚvcMNayR)ak;kak;eRcInsRmab;sRmakBüa)alCMgWyUr.24

elakevC¢bNÐit

r:UNal; ehols_ (Ronald Hiles) EdlCaeBTüvHkat;naMmuxmanbTBiesaFn_kñúgkarvHkat;rbYs

edayTwkGasuItCag25qñaM )anRbsasn_fa Es,kEdlrlaksøab;RtÚvEtkat;ecal kñúgGMLúg

eBlBI 4eTA5éf¶ ebIBuMdUecñaHeT Es,kfμIEdlduHecjlubelIEs,kEdl)angab;Edlnwg

20

manmnÞIreBTüRBHkusm³ mnÞIreBTükal;Em:t nigmnÞIeBTüRBHsIhnu mCÄmNÐlénkþIsgÇåm.

21

emIleKhTMB½r www.csc.org sRmab;Bt’manTak;TgnwgmCÄmNÐlvHkat;kumar.

22

bTsmÖasn_CamYyevC¢bNÐit vNaÑ CaevC¢bNÐitenAmCÄmNÐlvHkat;kumar. 23

GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Breaking the Silence, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 6, enATMB½r5.

24

M. Peck, J. Molnar & D. Swart, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT A Global Plan for Burn Prevention and Care, 87

BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORG., 802 ¬2009¦.

10

GacbgáCaEpø nigxUcRTg;RTay. enAkñúgkrNIEdlCnrgeRKaHrlakenARtg;k nigekøók

Es,kEdlrlakenAEpñkTaMgBIrenaHRtÚvEtkat;ecal edIm,ICYy[CnrgeRKaHGaceFVIclna)anenA

Rtg;mþúMenaH. karxUcragkay nigmanduMsac;Epø GacbH:Bal;dl;kareFVIclna EdlnaMGaceFVI[

CnrgeRKaHBikar.25

GñkEdlrYcCIvitBIkarrlakTwkGasuIt RtÚvEtTTYl)ankarvHkat;CadMNak;kalEdlRtÚv

cMNayeBlrab;Ex b¤rab;qañMedIm,IkarBarkuM[xUcF¶n;F¶r BikarPaB nigedIm,ICYy[srIragÁmandMeNIr

kardUcFmμtavij.26

elIsBIenHeTot CnrgeRKaHRtÚvkarlMhat;R)aNdIm,I[CalikasmøakGac

bt;Ebn)anyWt RBmTaMgGaceFVIclna)an. CnrgeRKaHRtÚvkarés,ruMmuxrbYs (skin graft)

nigkMNat;ruMsm<aF (pressure garment) Edlkat;[smnwgTMhMxøÜn. kñúgkrNIEdlCnrgeRKaH

Cakumar enaHBYkeKnwgGacCYbRbTHbBaðaRbQmkan;EtF¶n edaysarkumarsßitkñúgv½ylUtlas;

EdlTamTar[mankarvHkat; eRcIndMNak;kalCagmnusSv½yCMTg;. sarBagÁkaykumarlUtlas;

b:uEnþ és,ruMrbYs nigsmøakminmankarlUtlas;dUcsarBagÁkaykumarenaHeT cMNucenH

naM[manbBaðakñúgkareFVIclna.27

karvHkat;caM)ac;kñúgry³eBlEvg TamTar[mankarcMNay

R)ak;CaeRcInsRmab;karEfrkSasuxPaBkñúgry³eBleRcInqñaM. b:uEnþ dUcEdlelakevC¢bNÐit

ehols_ )anBnül; {eTaHbICaCnrgeRKaHTTYl)ankarvHkat; nigkarEfTaMsuxPaBeRkayeBl

vHkat;l¥bMputk¾eday k¾kareRsacRsg;TRmg;mux nigkareFVIclnadUcedImTaMgRsúgenaHKWesÞIrEt

minGaceTArYcEtmþg}.28

eRkABIbBaðaEpñkrUbragkay GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt k¾GaceFVI[manplb:HBal;

epSg²eTotpg dUcCabBaaðstiGarmμN_F¶n;F¶r nigkarTTYlrgrbYspøÚvcitþ.29

Gñkrs;ranman

CIvitxøHRtÚvkarCMnYysμartIedIm,IRbQmmuxnwgrbYspøÚvcitþEdlCYbRbTH. CnrgeRKaHxøHGac

rgeRKaHedayPaBtantwgpøÚvcitþEdlCaedImehtuénkaryl;sbþiGaRkk; karfb;GarmμN_ tantwg

25

dUcxagelI. 26


27

bTsmÖasn_CamYyelakevC¢bNÐit r:UNal; ehols_. 28

dUcxagelI. 29


11

pøÚvcitþ nigFøak;Twkcitþ.30

eraKsBaaØepSgeTotrYmmanCMgWP½yxøac edayKμanmUlehtu

CMgWhUbeRcInxusBIFmμta kar)at;bg;CMenOcitþelIxøÜn nigkareRbIR)as; sarFatuejón

b¤RBegIykenþIy.31

bBaðaTaMgenHTamTar[mankarEfTaMy:agsmrmüEdlGñkeFVIkar sgÁm

nigcitþviTUGacpþl;[)an.

2>2> plvi)akminEmnevC¢sa®sþ

karrlakTwkGasuItGacb:HBal;dl;CIvPaBrbs;CnrgeRKaH ehIyCaBiessenaH

KWGñkEdl manCIvPaBxSt;exSay. CnrgeRKaHGacnwgBikar rhUtdl;fñak;minGaceFVIkar)an

b¤minGac rkkargar)aneFVI edaysarnieyaCkmYycMnYnminykCnBikarmkeFVIkar.32

enAkñúg

krNIEdlCnrgeRKaHCaemRKÜsar RkúmRKÜsarTaMgmUlnwgxVHbuKÁld¾sMxan;edIm,IeRCamERCg

nig¬PaKeRcIn CabþI b¤«Buk¦ pÁt;pÁg;RKÜsar. bBaðaenHGacnaM[RbBn§ b¤mþayCnrgeRKaHedIrtYCa

GñkRKb;RKgRKÜsarTaMgmUlCMnYsvij. eyagtamr)aykarN_rbs;GgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak

RbsinebICa CnrgeRKaHsßitkñúgRKÜsarRkxSt; sßanPaBhirBaØvtßúrbs;RKÜsarCnrgeRKaHnwg

kan;EtlM)aklMbin CagmuneTAeTot eRkayBICasHes,IyBIkarrgeRKaH.33

karxUcrUbragkay pþl;pllM)akdl;CnrgeRKaHhYsBIbnÞúkhirBaØvtßúeTAeTot. bBaðaenH

GacnaM[mankarElgrab;rkBIsgÁm karbnÞabbenßaktémø nigmin[cUlrYmkñúgshKmn_

sUm,IEtenAkñúgbNþajRKÜsarrbs;xøÜnpÞal;k¾eday.34

enAkñúgkrNIxøH shKmn_nwgElgrab;rk

CnrgeRKaH eRkayBICnrgeRKaHTTYlrgnUvkarvayRbhar edaysarEtkarxUcragkay

nigBikarPaB. karerIseGIgenHÉgnaM[ CnrgeRKaHTTYlrgTukçevTnakan;EtxøaMg RBmTaMgnaM

30

Peck, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 24, TMB½r 802. 31

Welsh, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 5, TMB½r 20. 32

GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Breaking the Silence, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 6, enAelx 7; H. Shah,

GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Brutality by Acid: Utilizing Bangladesh as a Model to Fight Acid Violence in

Pakistan, 26 WIS. INT’L L.J. 1172, 1174 ¬2008-2009¦. 33

Peck, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 24, TMB½r 802. 34

dUcxagelI.

12

[mantémøsgÁm nigtémøesdækic©bEnßmeTot.35

]TahrN_ nag c>c )anTTYlrgkarvayRbhar

edayTwkGasuItenAqñaM2008 ehIykarvayRbharenH )aneFVI[nag cc BikarEPñk

nigxUcragkayy:agF¶n;F¶r. GñkCitxagminrab;rknagehIyEfm TaMgehAnagfa{exμac}.36

dUcKñaEdr enARbeTsbg;køaeds muxmat;EdlmansmøakbnSl;TukBIkarrlakTwkGasuIt RtÚv)aneK

cat;TukfaCaRbpñÚlGaRkk;. edaysarsgÁmbg;køaedspþl;témø[®sþIEdlmansmtßPaBTTYl

)anGaBah_BiBah_l¥37

karxUcmuxmat; nigrUbragkayedayTwkGasuIt EdlnaM[®sþI)at;bg;

»kaskñúgkarerobGaBah_BiBah_ ®sþITaMgenaH)at;bg;témøenAkñúgpñt;KMnitsgÁm nigCYnkalenAkñúg

pñt;KMnitrbs;RKÜsarxøÜnÉgpÞal;.

elak ehSót samemn (Ziad Samman) RbFanKeRmagénmUlniFiCnrgeRKaH

edayTwkGasuItkm<úCa manRbsasn_fa enAkm<úCa RKÜsarKWCabNaþjKaMRTy:agsMxan;sRmab;

CnrgeRKaHénkarvayRbharedayTwkGasuIt. RbsinebICaRkúmRKÜsarmanqnÞ³kñúgkarCYYy

CnrgeRKaH karCasHes,Iyrbs;CnrgeRKaH nwgmanlT§plKYr[kt;smÁal;Caminxan. b:uEnþ

KYr[esaksþay kñúgkrNIxøH RkúmRKÜÜsar)ancat;TukCnrgeRKaHCabnÞúkEpñkesdækic© b¤sgÁm

ehIyRbB½n§KaMRTTaMgmUlRtÚv braC½y EdlnaM[manplb:HBal;GviC¢mandl;GnaKt

CnrgeRKaH. CnrgeRKaH Ca®sþImñak; Edlcg;TTYl)ankarvHkat;Edlpþl;[edayGgÁkarCYy

CnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt nigmCÄmNÐlvHkat;kumar. karvHkat;enH mansar³sMxan;

edIm,IsRmÜldl;kar eFVIclnarbs;Kat; k¾b:uEnþRkúmRKÜsarrbs;Kat;)anbdiesFminGnuBaaØt

[vHkat;edayxøacfaBYkeKnwg RtÚvemIlEfKat;enAkñúgGMLúgeBlBüa)al. karrgeRKaHpøÚvciitþ

nigkarbnÞabbenßakkñúgsgÁm KWCaktþaBIrEdleFVI[CnelμIsseRmccitþeRCIserIsykkarvay

RbharedayTwkGasuIt.

35

Shah, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 32, TMB½r 1187; D. Otis, Healing Burns, GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Treating

physical and mental scars at the Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity, enAkñúgTsSnavdþI Southeast Asia Globe mina

2013, TMB½r 44. 36

bTsmÖasn_CamYyGñkrs;ranmanCIvitBIkarrlakTwkGasuIt nag c>c. 37

Sital Kalantry & Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Combatting Acid Violence in

Bangladesh, India and Cambodia, Avon Global Center for Women and Justice and Dorothea S. Clarke

Program in Feminist Jurisprudence. GtßbTTI1enATMB½r22, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r:

http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/avon_clarke/1 ¬Exmkra qñaM2011¦.

13

2>3> karcUlrYmrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al

enARbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_CaeRcIn GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al)anbMeBjmuxgarkñúgkarCYyKaMRT

eRCamERCgCnrgeRKaH nigRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt CaBiessenAeBl

EdlrdæaPi)alminGac b¤KμanqnÞ³kñúgkareFVIkargarenH.38

GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysar

GasuIt Ca]TahrN_EtmYyKt;enAkm<úCaEdlebþCJaCaBiess kñúgkareFVIkarCamYynwgCnrgeRKaH

nigsac;jatiCnrgeRKaHénGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt. GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysar

GasuIt RtÚv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,IeqIøytbeTAnwgkgVHesvakmμ nigkarEfrkSasuxPaBsRmab;Cnrg

eRKaHedaykarrlakTwkGasuIt.39

GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt )anpþl;

esvakmμ cMnYn4RbePTEdlrYmman karBüa)alEbbevC¢saRsþ nigcitþsa®sþ, karhVwkhVWnviC¢aCIv³

nigsmahrNkmμsgÁm, karpþl;RbwkSanigeRCamERCgEpñkc,ab;edIm,IkMENTRmg;c,ab;, elIkm<s;

karyl;dwgkarRsavRCav, karGb;rM nigkarts‘UmtilubbM)at;GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt.40

ral;esvakmμEdlpþl;[CnrgeRKaHedaykar vayRbhar nigeRKaHfñak;edayTwkGasuItTaMgGs;

BuMmanKitkéRmeT.

enATUTaMgBiPBelak GgÁkarfñak;CatiEtmYycMnYnb:ueNÑaH EdlebþCJakñúgkarTb;sáat;GMeBIhigSa

edayTwkGasuIt nigeRCamERCgGñkrs;ranmanCIvitBI]b,tþiehtuBak;B½n§nwgTwkGasuIt. GgÁkar

Edl)anedIrtYsMxan;CageKenaHKW mUlniFiCnrgeRKaHedayTwkGasuIt (Acid Survivors

38

Welsh, emIlkMnt;cMNaMelx 5, TMB½r 43. 39

GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt (CASC) RtÚv)anbegáIteLIgeday mCÄmNÐlvHkat;kumar

(CSC) EdlCamNÐlsuxPaBmYyEdlpþl;esvakmμsuxPaB[CnrgeRKaH edayTwkGasuItedayminKitéfø. b:uEnþ

eday mCÄmNÐlvHkat;kumar (CSC) CamCÄmNÐlsRmab;karvHkat;TUeTA mCÄmNÐlenHminTan;

GacbMeBjtRmÚvkarrbs;CnrgeRKaHelIsBIkarBüa)alEbbevC¢sa®sþ)aneT. edaysar)anyl;eXIj

tRmÚvkarkñúgkareRCamERCgCnrgeRKaHedayTwkGasuIt kñúgkarCasHes,Iy nigcUlrYmsgÁmvij

mCÄmNÐlvHkat;kumar (CSC) )anbegáIt GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt (CASC) edIm,IeqøIytb

eTAnwgesckþIRtÚvkarEpñkpøÚvkay pøÚvcitþ nig hirBaØvtßúkñúgry³eBlyUrGEgVgrbs;CnrgeRKaHedayTwkGasuIt. 40

Bt’manbEnßmBak;B½§nnwigkic©karrbs; GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt (CASC) Gacrk)an

enAeKhTMB½r: http://www.thecasc.org

14

Foundation (ASF)) enARbeTsbg;køaeds, ASF ):aKIsßan, ASF yUhÁan;dan, ASF \NÐa nig

Burn Violence Survival (BVS).41

enAkñúgkRmitsklelakvij GgÁkarmanEtmYyKt;

EdlepþatkargarCaBiesselI GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt³ mUlniFiGnþrCatisRmab;Gñkrs;CIvit

BITwkGasuIt (Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI)).42

karEdlmanEtGgÁkarfñak;Cati

mYycMnYntUc nigGgÁkarGnþrCatiEtmYyKt;eFIVkargarelIbBaðaenH )anbgðajGMBIkarxVHxat

nUvkarykcitþTukdak;elIbBaað GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt. ebIeyagtam qaeFICI (Chatterjee)

munqñaM1999 karykcitþTukdak; mantictYcb:ueNÑaHcMeBaHbBaaðGMeBIhigSaedayeRbIR)as;

TwkGasuIt b:uEnþ eRkayBIkarbegáItmUlniFiCnrgeRKaHedayTwkGasuIt (ASF) bBaðGMeBIhigSa

edayTwkGasuIt k¾)anbgðajxøÜneRcInCagmunenAkñúgrebobvar³neya)ay.43

eTaHCay:ag

Nak¾eday BuMmankarRsavRCaveRcIn)aneFVIBak;B½n§nwgRbFanbTenHeT. GtßbTPaKeRcInEtg

epþateTAelIkarvayRbharedaybuKÁl edaymin)anBinitüemIlehtuplenABIeRkaykarvay

RbharedayTwkGasuIt nig karlM)akEpñkpøÚvc,ab;EdlGñkrYcrs;CIvitBIkarrlakTwkGasuIt

CYbRbTHeT.44

3> GMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasu ItenAkm< úCa-ktþarYmcMENkcMnYnbYn

ehtuplmYycMnYn)anrYmcMENkdl;]bTÞvehtuedayTwkGasuItenAkm<úCa. ehtuplsgÁm

vb,Fm’ sßankarN_ nigsUm,IEtehtuplCak;Esþg GacCanaMeTAdl;kareRCIserIsykTwkGasuIt

mkeFVIkarvayRbhar. b:uEnþ minEmnRKb;]bTÞvehtuTaMgGs;suT§EtCakarvayRbharenaHeT

ehIyCak;Esþg karrgrbYsedayTwkGasuItCaeRcInRtÚv)anbgáeLIgedaykareRKaHfñak;. EpñkenH

nwgeFVIkarBinitüemIlelITMhMénbBaða nigBiPakSaelIktþaEdlnaMeTAdl;]bTÞvehtuedayectna

b¤edayeRKaHfñak;CamYyTwkGasuIt.

41

Bt’manbEnßmBak;B½n§nwgGgÁkarTaMgGs;enHsUmemIleKhTMB½r: http://www.acidsurvivors.org ¬bg;køaeds¦;

http://acidsurvivorspakistan.org ¬):aKIsßan¦; http://www.acidsurvivorsug.org ¬yUhÁan;dan¦; http://www.asfi.in

¬\NÐa¦; http://www.bvsnepal.org.np ¬en):al;¦. 42

sRmab;Bt’manbEnßmBak;B½n§nwg ASTI sUmemIleKhTMB½r http://www.acidviolence.org 43

Chatterjee, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 19, TMB½r 7. 44

Welsh, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 5, TMB½r 5-6.

15

3>1> sßiti

GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt )anrkSaTukTinñn½yGMBI]bTÞvehtuBak;B½n§nwg

TwkGasuItTaMgGs;enAkm<úCa EdlRtÚv)anbBa©ÚlsMNMuerOgfμI nigbEnßmB½t’manfμIrbs;]bTÞvehtu

cas;. karvayRbharEdl)ankt;RtaCaelIkdMbUg)anekIteLIgenAqñaM1964 enATIRkúgPñMeBj

KitRtwmeBlsresrGtßbTenH ]bTÞvehtusrubcMnYn318krNI nigbuKÁlcMnYn401nak;

RtÚv)ankt;Rta. tYrelxTaMgenHrYmmanCnrgeRKaHcMnYn14nak; EdlmanrbYsF¶n;dl;CIvit

nig¬b:unb:g¦GtþXatcMnYn6nak;. enAkñúgcMeNamCnrgeRKaHeBjv½y CnrgeRKaHcMnYn160nak;

Caburs nigcMnYn176nak;Ca®sþI. CagenHeTAeTot CnrgeRKaHCaekμgRbúsmancMnYn29nak;

nigekμgRsIcMnYn32nak; manGayueRkam13qñaM EdlGgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysar

GasuIt )andwgfa)anTTYlrgrbYsedaysarTwkGasuIt.45

]bTÞvehtuEdl)ankt;RtaesÞIrEtTaMgGs; cMnYn224krNI )anekIteLIgenAGMLúg

TsvtSr_qñaM2000.46

GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt CYbkarlM)akCaxøaMgkñúg

karEsVgrkTinñn½yBITsvtSr_mun². Kμankariyal½yrdæaPi)al b¤GgÁkarNamYy)aneFVIkMNt;

RtasþIBI]bTÞvehtuBak;B½n§nwgGasuIt)anCab;lab;eT. tamkarBit raCrdæaPi)alénRBHraCaNa

cRkkm<úCa)anTak;TgmkGgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt edIm,IesñIsuMB½t’man nig

sßitiénGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt nig]bTÞvehtuBak;B½n§nwgTwkGasuIteTAvij.

45

Tinñn½yEdl)anbgðajxagelIKWCaTinñn½yEdl)anTTYl)anBI CASC. enAkñúgTinñn½yrbs; CASC

kumarKWKitcab;BIGayu13qñaMcuHeRkam. ebIeTaHCaGayueBjc,ab;rbs;mnusSeBjv½yenAkm<úCaKW 18qñaMk¾eday

eyagtamTMenom Tmøab; RbéBNI nigvb,Fm’ ebIsinCaminTan;RKb;kareT enaHeKmincat;TukCamnusS

eBjv½yenaHeT. dUecñH edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnigTinñn½yrbs; CASC EdleRbIR)as;kñúgeBlsresrGtßbTenH Cn

EdlmanGayu13qñaMcuHeRkamRtÚv)ancat;TukfaCakumar ehIyCnEdlmanGayucat;BI 13qñaMeLIgelIRtÚv

)ancat;TukfaCamnusSeBjv½y. 46

man]b,tþiehtucMnYn16krNIEdlmin)ankt;RtaR)akdfaekIteLIgenAqñaMNaenaHeT.

16

tarag 1> cMnYn]bTÞvehtu nigGñkrs;CIvitenAcenøaHqñaM2000 nigbc©úb,nñ. kmμsiT§§irbs;GgÁkarCYyCnrg

eRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt.

GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt )anEbgEck]bTÞvehtuCa13RbePT

Cak;lak;³ {eRKaHfñak;}/ {¬karb:unb:g¦eFVIGtþXat}/ {CemøaHmuxCMnYj}/ {CemøaH}/ {GMeBIhigSa

kñúgRKÜsar}/ {CemøaHkñúgRKÜsar}/ {kars¥b;}/ {karRbc½NÐ}/ {CemøaHdIFøI}/ {karvayRbhar

xuseKaledA}/ {¬karyl;faman¦GMeBIpitk,t;}/ {GMeBIlYcbøn;} nig {mindwg}.47

Accident21%

(Attempted) Suicide1%

Business Dispute2%

Dispute, 1%

Domestic Violence

1%Family Dispute3%

Hate6%

Jealousy4%

Land/Property Dispute1%

Mis Target18%

(Perceived) Infidelity15%

Robbery0%

Unknown27%

Accident

(Attempted)SuicideBusiness Dispute

Dispute

DomesticViolence

tarag 2> ktþaCMrujBIeRkay]bTÞvehtuBak;B½n§nwgGasuIt. kmμsiT§§irbs;GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCa

edaysarGasuIt.

47

TaMgenHCaRbePTEdl CASC eRbIR)as;kñúgTinñn½ysþIGMBIGñkrs;ranmanCIvitBIkarrlakTwkGasuIt.

17

dUcEdl)anbgðajkñúgTinñn½yxagelI ]bTÞvehtuy:ageRcIn¬27PaKry¦ EdlmUlehtu

¬nig enAkñúgsMNMuerOgCaeRcIn Cnéddl;¦ {mindwg}. CagenHeTAeTot enAkñúg42PaKryénsMNMu

erOg{mindwg} eKminGackMNt;)anfaetI]bTÞvehtuTaMgenaHCakarvayRbhar b¤k¾Ca]bTÞvehtu

eT edaysarB½t’manminRKb;RKan;RbmUlBIPaKITIbI kaEst b¤m®nþI nigPaBminGacTMnak;TMng)an

CamYyCnrgeRKaH b¤sac;jati.

]bTÞvehtuedayTwkGasuItCaeRcInkrNI ekIteLIgkñúgTRmg;CaeRKaHfñak;. kñúgcMeNam

CnrgeRKaHTaMgGs;Edl)ankt;RtaedayGgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasuIt 20/7

PaKry TTYlrgrbYsedayehtukarN_eRKaHfñak;. cMnYneRKaHfñak;eRcIn nigmUlehtuEbbenH

bgðaj[eXIjfa GasuItminRtwmEtmanvtþmanCaFmμtaenAtampÞH nigkEnøgeFIVkareT b:uEnþ

EfmTaMgbgðajfa mnusSCaeRcInmin)andwgGMBIrebobb:HBal;sarCatienHtammeFüa)ayEdl

mansuvtßiPaB nigsmrmü. cMENkÉkardwkCBa¢ÚnTwkGasuIt BuMRtÚv)aneFVIeLIgtambTdæanRtwm

RtÚveLIy Tukdak;TwkGasuItenAEk,rédekμg nigBuMmanbiTsøaksmÁal;RtwmRtÚveT. elak

samemn manRbsasn_fa {RbCaCnRtÚvdwgBIviFITukdak;sarFatueRKaHfñak;enH. RbCaCnminyl;

GMBITMhMénGIVEdlsarFatuGacbgá}.48

karTukdak; nigdwkCBa¢ÚnTwkGasuItmin)anRtwmRtÚv KWCaedImehtuEdlnaM[ekItman

]bTÞvehtuedayTwkGasuIt. kñúgcMeNamGñkrs;ranCIvitcMnYn61nak;EdlrgeRKaHenAkEnøg

manlkçN³ÉkCn Gñkrs;ranmanCIvitRbmaNCa26PaKry )anTTYlrgeRKaHBIkarTukdak;

nigdwkCBa¢ÚnTwkGasuItmin)anRtwmRtÚv. TwkGasuItEtgEtRtÚveKTukdak;enAkEnøgsaFarN³

edayRckcUlkñúgFugxUc kñúgfg;)øasÞic b¤kñúgdbTwksuT§. y:agehacNas;man7krNIEdl

CnrgeRKaH RcLMpwkTwkGasuItedayKitfaCadbTwksuT§ EdlbNþal[rlakeRKÓgkñúg

y:agF¶n;F¶r. ]bTÞvehtuxøH)anekIteLIgdUcCa edaysar«Bukmþay)anRckTwkGasuItcUl

eTAkñúgdbTwksuT§ ehIykUnKat;RcLMfaCaTwkFmμta nig)anpwkTwkGasuItenaH/ TwkGasuItRtÚv)aneK

e)aHecalkñúgKMnrsMram enAeBlekμgRbTHeXIj ykmkelg k¾TTYlrgkarrlak/

kardwkTwkGasuItkñúgfg;)øasÞic enAeBlkMBugeFVIcracr ehIymaneRKaHfñak;cracrN_ bNþal[

48

kic©smÖasn_CamYyelak ehSót samemn (Ziad Samman), RbFanKeRmagrbs; CASC.

18

kMBb;GasuItecjmkeRkAeFVI[ rlak/ nigGñkxøHmankareFVsRbEhsdak;TwkGasuItenAEk,rERK

rYck¾ERbxøÜneTAb:H bNþal[kMBb;GasuIt kMBb;enAeBlkMBugsRmanþ. enAkñúgcMeNam]bTÞvehtu

Edl)anraykarN_ ]bTÞvehtu cMnYn74PaKry )anekIteLIgenAkEnøgmanlkçN³ÉkCn

nig25PaKryeTot)anekIteLIg enAkñúgeBleFVIkar b¤enAkñúgkEnøgeFIVkar. ]bTÞvehtu

PaKeRcIn nigplvi)akmYyCivitEdlbgáeLIgeday]bTÞvehtuTaMgenaH GacbeBa©ós)an

RbsinebImankarkarBarsuvtßiPaB nigeKar tammaRtdæansuxPaBRtwmRtÚv.

eRkABIkarvayRbhar nigeRKaHfñak;écdnü man]bTÞvehtuBIrRbePTeTotEdlekIteLIg

Bak;B½n§nwgTwkGasuIt. eTaHbICamancMnYntic ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwgkrNIBIrRbePTepSgeTotk¾

eday kar¬b:unb:g¦eFVIGtþXatedayeRbITwkGasuIt)anekIteLIg. ebIeyageTAtamTinñn½y

EdlmanenAkñúgéd CnrgeRKaHcMnYnbYnnak;)aneFVIGtþXatedaypwkTwkGasuIt ehIyman

CnrgeRKaHcMnYnBIrnak;eTot)anb:unb:geFVIGtþXat b:uEnþenArs;.

GasuItKWCasarFaturav EdlGacEbkx©ayenAeBlRtÚveKKb; EdlGaceFVI[eRKaHfñak;

dl;GñkEdlenAEk,renaH. edayehtuenHehIy CnrgeRKaHénGMeBIhigSa edayTwkGasuIt

mYycMnYn RtÚv)ancat;TukCa{karvayRbharxuseKaledA}. ebIeTaHbICakarvayRbharxus

eKaledA )anekIteLIgenAkñúgGMLúgeBlénvayRbhar karvayRbharenHRtÚv)anykmk

BiPakSaenAkñúgEpñkenH eRBaHCnrgeRKaHminRtÚv)anvayRbharedayectna. Tak;Tngnwg

CnrgeRKaHeBjv½y cMnYnCnrgeRKaHedaykarvayRbharxuseKaledAman RbmaNCa

20PaKry EdlCacMnYneRcInbMputbnÞab;BIkrNI{mindwg[mUlehtuc,as;las;]}. CnrgeRKaH

edaykarvayRbharxuseKaledAmancMnYneRcIn edaysarTwkGasuItBuMmanerIseGIgmnusSeT.

dUcEdl)anBiPakSaxagelI enAeBlxøH karvayRbharedayTwkGasuItRtÚv)aneFVIeLIgenATI

saFarN³ceg¥ót dUcCaTIpSar EdlnaM[mnusSeRcInnak;TTYlrgeRKaHedaysarTwkGasuIt.

enAeBlEdlmanmnusSeRcInnak;CiHelIm:UtUEtmYy EdleyIgEtgRbTHeXIjenAkm<úCa Rbsin

ebImaneKCHTwkGasuIteTAmnusSmñak;kñúgcMeNamGñkEdlCiHelIm:UtU TwkGasuItnwgTMngCa)acsac

eTAelIGñkdéTeTotEdlkMBugeFVIdMeNIrCamYyKña. man]TahrN_mYycMnYnEdlCaedImehtuén

kMeNInkarvayRbharxuseKaledA. enAExmIna qñaM2007 enAextþkMBg;qñaMg karb:unb:g

vayRbharelInarImñak;)anekIteLIg ehIymnusS5nak;enAEk,rnarIenaHk¾)anTTYlrgrbYs

edaykavayRbharpgEdr. cMENkÉkrNImYyeTotvij bursmñak;)anBüayamse®gÁaH

19

mþayenAeBlmankarvayRbharedayTwkGasuItelImþayrbs;Kat; ehIykUnRsIrbs;Kat;RtÚv

rlakTwkGasuIt edaysarBYkeKedkenAedkenAEk,rCIdUn. enAeBlEdlbursenaHbIkUnRsI

eTAmnÞIreBTü Kat;k¾)anb:HTwkGasuIt ehIyTTYlrgkarrlakelI k éd nigdgxøÜn. ebIeTaHbICa

Kat;xMBüayamCYys®gÁaHPøam²k¾eday mþaynigkUnRsIrbs;Kat;)ansøab;eRkayBIkarvay

RbharedaysarrbYsF¶n;.

CnrgeRKaHTaMgGs;BuMEmnsuT§EtCamnusSeBjv½yenaHeT. kumark¾GackøayCa

CnrgeRKaHedaysarGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt nig]b,tþiehtuBak;B½n§nwgTwkGasuItEdr. kumar

cMnYneRcIn RbmaNCa61nak; )anrgeRKaHedaysarTwkGasuIt b:uEnþ cMnYneRcInenHminEmn

R)akdfakumarrgeRKaHTaMgGs;suT§EtTTYlrgkarvayRbharedayectnaenaHeT. kumarCaeRcIn

nak; )anrgRKaHedaysarEtkarvayRbharxuseKaledA. Cak;Esþg karvayRbharxus

eKaledAb:HBal;elIkumary:agvismamaRt. TwkGasuIt)an)acsaceTAelIBYkeKenAeBlEdl

CnelμIsCHTwkGasuItelICnEdlCaeKaledAénkarvayRbhar Føayb:HelICnrgeRKaHTaMgenaH

enAeBlBYkeKkMBugbIedayCnEdlCaeKaledAénkarvayRbhar b¤enAeBlEdlBYkeKedkenAelI

ERKCamYyCnEdlCaeKaledAénkarvayRbhar.

enAkñúgcMeNamkumarrgeRKaH61nak; manEtmñak;bu:eNÑaHEdlCaeKaledAénkarvay

RbharedayTwkGasuIt. kumarepSgeTotEdlrgeRKaHedayrlak KWTTYlrgrbYsedaysar

]bTÞvehtu¬41PaKry¦/ edaykarvayRbharxuseKaledA¬44>3PaKry¦/ nig/b¤ rgeRKaH

edayBuM)andwgmUlehtuc,as;¬13>1PaKry¦. kumarrgeRKaHEdlRtÚv)aneKvayRbhar

edayectnaEtmñak;Kt;enaHKWkumar P>r>G‘ EdlmanGayu3qñaM. CnelμIsEdlCaGtItKUesñh_rbs;

mþaykumarrgeRKaH )anlbvaymþaykumarrgeRKaHenAkñúgpÞH edayeRsacTwkGasuItelImþay

ehIyeRkaymkCnelμIsk¾cab;TajkumarrgeRKaH rYceRsacTwkGasuItelIeCIgkumarrgeRKaH

bnSl;Tuksmøak[mþaykUnTaMgBIrGs;mYyCIvit.

enAkñúgkrNIxøH CnrgeRKaHEdleKbRmúgvayRbhar)an»bkumarCab;kñúgéd b¤enA

GgÁúyelIm:UtUCamYyKña ehIyvtþmanrbs;kumarenHminGacbeBa©óskarvayRbharBIsMNak;

CnelμIs)aneT. ]TahrN_énkarvayRbharmYyeTotenaHKWkrNIrbs;kumar b>c Edlbc©úb,nñ

enH manGayuR)aMBIrqñaM EdlkalBIGayu3qñaM kMBugGgÁúyenABImuxmþayrbs;kumarIenH enAeBl

20

EdlmþayRtÚveKeRsacTwkGasuItedayCnelμIs2rUb. kumarI b>c )anTTYlrgrbYsCaTm¶n;elI

k,al mux k xñg ehIynwgRtÚvvHkat;CaeRcInelIkeRcInsarenAkñúgdMNak;kalkMBuglUtlas;.

cMNucsMxan;mYyBak;B½n§nwgsßitiéneRKaHfñak;edayTwkGasuIt KWeRKaHfñak;CaeRcInEdlBuM

RtÚv)anraykarN_. ebIeyagtamelak samemn kar)a:n;sμanGMBIsPaB nigTMhMBitR)akd

én]bTÞvehtuEdlBak;B½n§nwgTwkGasuItKWCaerOgmYyd¾lM)ak. b:uEnþ edayeyagtambTBiesaFn_

énkareFVIebskkmμpSBVpSay sMNMuerOgEdlcuHbBa¢InaeBlbc©úb,nñ mancMnYnRbmaNCa

20PaKryéncMnYnBitR)akdén]b,tþiehtuEdl)anekIteLIgkñúgmYyqñaMb:ueNÑaH.49

manehtupl

mYycMnYnEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarxkxanmin)anraykarN_BIeRKaHfñak; TaMg]bTÞvehtu nigkarvay

RbharedayTwkGasuIt³ RbCaCnmindwgfaBYkKat;RtÚvTak;TgeTAGñkNa b¤GgÁkarNa RbCaCn

rs;enAtMbn;dac;Rsyal BMulT§PaB b¤lT§PaBtictYckñúgkarTTYl)ankarse®gÁaHEpñkevC¢sa®sþ

nigBIsmtßkic© CnrgeRKaHGacmanPaBGam:as; nigKitfaBYkKat;smnwgTTYlnUvGVIEdl)anekIt

eLIg. BYkeKP½yxøacTTYlrgkarsgswkBI]RkidæCn/ BYkeKxVHxatfvika nig FnFanedIm,ITTYl

)ankarBüa)al b¤BYkeKyl;eXIjfa BYkKat;GacBüa)alsñamrbYsedayxøÜnÉg)an. elIs

BIenHeTAeTot edaysarminmanRbB½n§cuHbBa¢IpøÚvkarenAnwgkEnøgenAeLIy Gñkpþl;esvakmμ

suxPaB)ancuHbBa¢IGMBIkarrlak b:uEnþmin)ancuHBImUlehtuénkarrlakenaHeT EdlnaM[mankar

lM)akkñúgkarcgRkgTinñn½yEdleBjelj.50

karxkxanmin)anraykarN_BImUlehtuén

]bTÞvehtuBuMEmnekIteLIgEtenAkm<úCaeT. GñkRsavRCav)an)a:n;RbmaNfa enARKb;RbeTs

EdlmanGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt cMnYnBitR)akdénkrNIGMeBIhigSa KWeRcInCagcMnYnEdl)an

cgRkgTukbc©úb,nñ.51

karminraykarN_[)anRKb;RKan; minRtwmEtnaMeTAdl;karyl;dwg

minRtwmRtÚvGMBITMhMBitR)akdénbBaðaenaHeT vak¾bgðajBIkarEdlfa GñkrYcrs;CIvitCaeRcIn

min)anTTYlnUvkarEfTaMsmrmü.

49

kic©smÖasn_CamYyelak ehSót samemn (Ziad Samman), RbFanKeRmag CASC. 50

dUcxagelI. 51

Chatterjee, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 19, TMB½r7; Welsh, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 5, TMB½r 31-32; S. Shackle ,

dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Acid Attacks: “I Couldn’t Look at Myself, Let Alone Let Others Look at Me,” THE NEW

STATESMEN, 15 Exemsa qñaM2013, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://www.newstatesman.com/samira-

shackle/2013/04/acid-attacks-i-couldnt-look-myself-let-alone-let-others-look-me.

21

3>2> karGacrkTij)annUvTwkGasu It nigplb:HBal;

PaBgayRsÜlkñúgkarrkTijTwkGasuIt enAkm<úCa min\T§iBlminGacRbEkk)an

elIcMnYnénkarvayRbharedayTwkGasuItEdl)anekIteLIg.52

GasuItGacrkTij)an nigeRbI

R)as;CaTUeTAenAesÞIrEtRKb;TIkEnøg. GasuIts‘ulPYric RtÚv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;dak;GaKuym:UtU

nigenAtampÞHedIm,Ipþl;crnþGKÁisnI. cMENk GasuItGuIRdÚlic RtÚv)aneRbIR)as;kñúgtamcmáar

ekAs‘U. GasuItnIRTic mansar³RbeyaCn_sRmab;RkÚem:eRKÓgGlgáar.53

mü:agvijeTot

TwkGasuItGaceRbIsRmab;RClk;BN’semøókbMBak; nigeFVI[Es,kstVeLIgRkem:A. GasuIt

mYylIRt mantémøRbEhlCamYyduløar EdlGacrkTij)anenATIpSar nighagCYsCulm:UtU

EdlkarenHminRtwmEteFIV[gayRsYlrkTijbu:eNÑaHeT EfmTaMgCavtßúEdlmantémøefakGacrk

Tij)anedayRsbc,ab;eTotpg.54

ebIeyagtam mCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa GasuItCasarFatu

mü:agEdlGacyk)anedayBuMeFVI[GñkdéTcab;GarmμN_enaHeT.55

edaysarEtGasuItGacrk

)anenAesÞIrEtRKb;TIkEnøg sRmab;kareRbIR)as;epSg²eRcIny:agenAkm<úCa RKÜsarCaeRcInman

GasuItTukenApÞH nigenAkEnøgeFVIkar EdleFIV[GasuItkøayeTACaGavuF{gay} nigRsYlrk

enAeBlmnusSmñak;cg;eFVI)abmnusSmñak;eTot.

ebIeTaHbICaGasuItGacrkTij)anedaygayk¾eday k¾RbCaBlrdæenAxVHcMeNHdwgBI

plb:HBal;rbs;GasuItenAeLIy. elak samemn )aneFVIesckþIBnül;fa enAkñúgkrNIxøH

CnelμIsBuM)anyl;dwgBIplb:HBal;EdlGacbNþaledayGasuItenaHeT ehIyCaBiessenaH

KWkñúgkrNIGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuItCalkçN³RKÜsar.56

Ca]TahrN_ ®sþImñak;EdlCHTwkGasuIt

eTAelIbþIrbs;xøÜn )aneFIV[bþIrbs;Kat;BikarmYyCIvit. GñkRsI G>k )anCHTwkGasuIteTAelIbþI

rbs;Kat;edaysarEtbþIKat;lYcmanRsIeRkA. enAkñúgbTsmÖasn_ Kat;)anniyayfa mnusSmñak;

52

dkRsg;ecjBIelçan Breaking the Silence, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx6, TMB½r8.

bTsmÖasn_CamYymCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCatamry³sareGLicRtÚnic. 53

dUcxagelI, emIlelx5. 54

dUcxagelI, emIlelx 8. 55

bTsmÖasn_CamYybuKÁlik CCHR tamry³sareGLicRtÚnic. 56

kic©smÖasCamYyelak ehSót samemn (Ziad Samman), RbFanKeRmag CASC.

22

R)ab;Kat;fa{GasuItGacbMpøajrUbsm,tþi} ehIyKat;Kitfa enaHmann½yfa bþIKat;nwgElgsUv

manPaBTak;TajdUcmun. b:uEnþ Kat;min)anEdlmin)andwgfa karenHekIteLIgedaysarEt

karrlak nigsñamsmøakF¶n;F¶reLIy. GñkRsI G>k )anbEnßmfa Kat;k¾minEdldwgfaGasuIt

rlakenaHeT eRBaH{eBlEdlkan;TwkGasuIt xJúMminmanGarmμN_faekþA dUckan;TwkekþAeLIy}.

Kat;)anniyaybEnßmeTotfa RbsinebIKat;)andwgGMBIplGnþrayénGasuItelIépÞmux nigEPñk

rbs;CnrgeRKaH Kat;nwgmineRbIR)as;vaeT.

mü:agvijeTot

RbCaCnmYycMnYnFM)anyl;dwgBImhnþraybgáedayTwkGasuIteTAelIEs,k dUcCa karrlak

nigkarxUcragkayF¶n;F¶r karQWcab;xøaMg nigkarrgTukçevTnaGs;mYyCIvit b:uEnþ)aneRCIserIs

eRbIR)as;vaCaGavuFedIm,I[)anpldUcEdlxøÜncg;)an. enAkñúgsgÁmEdlvaytémømnusS

edayEp¥kelIsMbkeRkA nig témørbs;mnusSedayEp¥keTAelIrUbsmösS karxUcragkay

hak;bIdUcCakarTTYleTasRbharCIvitG‘ÍcwgEdr. dUcEdl)anBiPakSaBIxagedIm CnrgeRKaH

mYycMnYnRtÚv)aneKvinicä½y nig Elgrab;rkBIRKÜsaredaysarEtrbYsedayTwkGasuIt. enAkñúg

RbeTsesÞIrEtTaMgGs; karxUcrUbragkayGacnaM[CIvitkøayCaGñkEdlsgÁmminrab;rk.

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vaminEmnsRmab;smøab;mnusS b:uEnþ sRmab;bMpøajrUbragkay.57

mankaryl;RsbKñafa

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nwgTTYlrgeRkayBIkarvayRbhar.58

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57


Kalantry & Kestenbaum, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 37, TMB½r 3.

23

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PaBGam:as.59

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)anR)ab;buKÁlikEpñkc,ab;rbs;GgÁkarCYyCnrgeRKaHkm<úCaedaysarGasIutfa {eyIgkMBugEt

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enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn CnelμIsminRtÚv)andak;eTaseT.61

mUlehtusRmab;bBaðaniTNÐPaBenH

manrYmTaMgkarxVHxatc,ab;Edlpþl;lT§PaBsRmab;kat;eTas nigpþnÞaeTas GMeBIBukrlYy nig

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59

J. A. Cohan, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Honour Killings and the Cultural Defense, 40 CAL. W. INT’L L.J.

177, 198 ¬2010¦. 60

bTsmÖasn_CamYy Gk nig cc, CnelμIsénGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt. 61

Kalantry & Kestenbaum, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 37, TMB½r4; Shah, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 32, TMB½r

1174.

24

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nUvplvi)akF¶n;F¶rRbqaMgnwgGMeBIhigSaRbePTenH.63

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sgÁmTTYlykGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt nig)aneFIV[manvb,Fm’énniTNÐPaBenH.

ebIeTaHbICaesÞIrEtRKb;RbeTsTaMgGs; )ancat;TukGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuItCaGMeBIhigSa

EynD½r64

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62

Welsh, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx5, TMB½r53. 63

J. Gollogly, S Von Vath & A. Malmberg, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Acid Attacks in Cambodia: Serious

Reminders of Personal Conflicts, 2:4 ASIAN BIOMEDICINE 329, 333 ¬sIha 2008¦, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r

http://abm.digitaljournals.org/index.php/abm/article/viewFile/197/116. 64

sUmemIl]TahrN_ Welsh, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 5, TMB½r 54; Shah, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 32, TMB½r

1182, 1195; Kalantry & Kestenbaum emIlkMnt;cMNaMelx 37, TMB½r 1-3, 16-17. 65

kic©smÖasCamYyelak ehSót samemn (Ziad Samman), RbFanKeRmag CASC. 66

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EdlnaM[mankarepþatxøaMgfa®sþIdsuT§EtCaCnrgeRKaH ehIyminykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHCnrgeRKaHEdlCaburs. 67

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25

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)annaM[mankareFVI{rdæRbhar}edayelak h‘un Esn enAExkkáda qñaM1997 Edltamry³enH

68

S. HEDER, dkRsg;ecjBIesovePA SEVEN CANDIDATES FOR PROSECUTION: ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE

CRIMES OF THE KHMER ROUGE, 3 ¬mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa, PñMeBj 2004¦.

69

J. BRINKLEY, dkRsg;ecjBIesovePA CAMBODIA’S CURSE, THE MODERN HISTORY 73 ¬Black Ink,

2011¦. 70

dUcxagelI, TMB½r 79-85.

26

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cab;taMgBIeBlenaHmk Kat;)ankøayCanayk

rdæm®nþIrhUt.72

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GMeBIhigSaCaGMeBImYyEdlGacTTYlyk)an.74

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enAéf¶GnaKt.75

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man\riyabfFmμtacMeBaHkareRbIR)as;GMeBIhigSasRmab;edaHRsayCemøaH.76

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71

dUcxagelI, TMB½r 122-129. 72

KNbkSRbCaCnkm<úCaQñHeqñatenAqñaM 1998, 2003, 2008, ehIyQñHedaycRmÚgcRmasenAqñaM

2013. 73

D. de Walqu, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Selective Mortality During the Khmer Rouge Period in Cambodia, 31

POPULATION & DEV. REV. 351, 358 ¬mifuna 2005¦. 74


Partners for Prevention (P4P) (an interagency initiative of UNDP, UNFPA, UN Women and UNV in Asia

and the Pacific), dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT edImRTÚgR)aMhtßenAkm<úCasm½yfμI: A Qualitative Exploration of Gender

Norms, Masculinity and Domestic Violence, TMB½r11, 30-31 ¬PñMeBj, 2010¦. 76

dUcxagelI, emIlTMB½r 39. 77

dUcxagelI, emIlTMB½r 78.

27

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78

Welsh, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 5, TMB½r 60.

79

Breaking the Silence, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 6, TMB½r 1.

80

dUcxagelI., emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 4.

28

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81

Welsh, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 5, TMB½r 60, CASC emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 6, TMB½r 4. 82

CCHR, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Ending the Cycle of Impunity for Acid Crimes in Cambodia, TMB½r 13 ¬]sPa

2012¦.

29

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83

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30

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87

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31

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emIl]TahrN_: The CCHR, ‘Briefing Note: Judicial Reform’, ExkumÖ³ qñaM2013; Bridget Di Certo, Justice in

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32

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GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Statement to the UN Human Rights Council on Cambodia,

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rights-council-cambodia 92

Di Certo, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 95xagelI, TMB½r 25. 93

GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Tell Them That I Want To Kill Them ¬ éf¶TI 13 Exvicäika

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33

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94

RkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa qñaM2007, kMNt;cMNaMelx88, maRta 43-44. 95

dUcxagelI, maRta 51. 96

dUcxagelI maRta 246-247; Asia Regional Cooperation to Prevent People Trafficking, Gender,

Human Trafficking and the Criminal Justice System in Cambodia, TMB½r 47-48 ¬ExFñÚ qñaM2003¦. 97

RkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa, kMNt;cMNaMelx 88, maRta 250. 98

dUcxagelI, maRta375. 99

dUcxagelI, maRta 381-382. 100

dUcxagelI, maRta 417-420.

34

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101

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35

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104

dUcxagelI., maRta 19. 105

dUcxagelI., maRta 20. 106

dUcxagelI., maRta 10-12. 107


bTsmÖasn_CamYyelak ehSót samemn RbFanKeRmagenA CASC.

36

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bBaØtþic,ab;EcgmandUcxageRkam° Gñklk; nig GñkEckcayGasuItxøaMgRtÚvEt

manTItaMgEckcay EdlRbKl;GaCJab½NÑedayGaCJaFrrdæ)al. Gñklk;RtÚvEtkt;Rtaral;

RKb;B½t’manBak;B½n§nwwgkarTijlk; nigGtþsBaØaNrbs;rbs;GtifiCn nig RtÚvEtevcx©b;

nigTukdak;TwkGasuItenAkñúgdb b¤FugmansuvtßiPaB ehIymanbiTsøaksBaØahamR)amCaPasaExμr

nigmanviBaØab½nbRtbgðajBIRbPBénTMnij [)anRtwmRtÚv.111

GñkTijTwkGasuItRtÚvEtmanGayuya:gtic18qñaM ehIyRtÚvmanÉksarbgðajBImuxgar

bec©keTsEdlRtÚvkareRbIR)as;TwkGasuIt bgðaj[Cak;lak;BIeKalbMNgénkarTijTwkGasuIt

RBmTaMgTukvik½ybRtsRmab;karRtÜtBinitükñúgeBldwkCBa¢Ún.112

XøaMgpÞúkGasuItRtÚvmanTItaMg

enAq¶ayBITIRbCuMCn manbMBak;RbB½n§suvtßiPaB mankarkarBarnigBnøt;GKÁIP½y kt;Rtaral;

vtþmanénTwkGasuItTaMgGs; nig RtÚveKarBtambTdæanbec©keTsénkarsþúkTuksarFatuKImI.113

kardwkCBa¢ÚnGasuItRtÚvEteFVIeLIgedayeKarBtambTdæanbec©keTs GasuItxøaMgEdlRtÚv)an

evcx©b;RtwmRtÚvb:ueNÑaHEdlGacdwkCBa¢Ún)an ehIykardwkCBa¢ÚnTwkGasuItEdlmancMNuHBI

109

Asia Regional Cooperation to Prevent People Trafficking, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 96, TMB½r 43. 110

GnuRkwtü, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 8, TMB½r 1488.

111

dUcxagelI, maRta 6, 10 TMB½r 1489-1490. 112

dUcxagelI, maRta 7, TMB½r 1489. 113

dUcxagelI, maRta 8, TMB½r 1489-1490.

37

1000KILÚRkameLIgeTA minRtÚvGnuBaØat[eFVIdMeNIrkat;tamTImanmnusSrs;enAeRcInCadac;

xat.114

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edayGasuItk¾eday k¾n½yesckþImYycMnYnénGnuRkwtüenAmanPaBminc,as;las;EdltRmÚv[

mankarbBa¢ak;bEnßm. ]TahrN_ maRta8 )anEcgfa XøaMgpÞúkRtÚvEtenAq¶ayBITIRbCuMCn

b:uEnþ enAkñúgkarGnuvtþ Bakü{enAq¶ay} enABuMc,as;las;enaHeT. etIq¶ayb:uNÑaeTIbRKb;RKan;?

elIsBIenHeTAeTot c,ab;)anEcgfa {kgnKr)alCMnaj} nwgeFVIkarRtÜtBinitüelIRbB½n§

karBarnigBnøt;GKÁIP½y. k¾b:uEnþ GgÁPaBRbePTenHenAminTan;manenAeLIyeT bc©úb,nñenH.

etInrNaCaGñkbegáItkgnKr)alenH ehIyetIRtÚvTTYlkarhVwkhVWnedayrbobNa?

GnuRkwtüenaH)anEcgEdrfa RbB½n§karBarsuvtßiPaB meFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún nigrebob

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etIvaGacCakarBitEdreTEdlfa Gñklk;enAtamfñak;mUldæan)andwgBIbTbBaØtþiTaMgenH? etIBYk

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\T§iBlxøaMgluHNaEtmankarGnuvtþ nigRbtibtþitamy:agCab;lab;. edIm,I[GnuRkwtüman

\T§iBlBitR)akd GaCJaFrRtÚvEtmancMNat;karsmRsbCamYyGñkEdlmineKarBtambTbBaØtþi

Edl)anEcgkñúgGnuRkwtü. sMNYrTaMgenHnaM[eyIgGaceFVIkarsnñidæanfa GnuRkwtüEsþg[eXIj

BIkarrIkceRmInmYy b:uEnþedaysarEtGnuRkwtüenAmankarxVHxatEdleFIV[b:HBal;dl;GanuPaBén

GnuRkwtüenaHenAeBlGnuvtþ.

KYr[kt;smÁal; GnuRkwtü nigc,ab;sþIBIGasuItRKan;EtEcgBIsarFatuEdlcat;TukCaGasuIt

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xøaMgenaHeT. b:uEnþ GasuIts‘ulPYricCaGasuItmYyRbePTEdleKniymeRbICaTUeTAedaysar

114

dUcxagelI, maRta 9, TMB½r 1490.

38

vaeRbIenAkñúgGaKuy.115

ebIeTaHbICaGasuIts‘ulPYricenHCaGasuItravk¾eday k¾GasuItRbePT

enHenAEtGaceFVI[rlak)anEdr. karEdlmin)anrab;bBa©ÚlRbePTGasuItEdleKniymeRbICa

TUeTA GacbegáIt[mannUvPaBRbfuyRbfanEdlfa bBaðanwgmankarpøas;bþÚrTisedA ehIy

kareRbIGasuItbBa©ÚlGaKuyedIm,IeFVIkarvayRbharnwgmankarekIneLIg. elIsBIenHeTAeTot

edaysarEtGasuItsRmab;bBa©ÚlGaKuyEtgEtRtÚv)aneRbIR)as;CaTUeTA karmindak;[GasIut

RbePTenHenAeRkambTbBaØtþisuvtßiPaBsþIBIkarEfrkSa nigkardwkCBa¢Ún nwgGackat;bnßy

RbsiT§iPaBenAkñúgkarkarbeBa©óseRKaHfñak;epSg².

4>3> ]bsKÁTUeTAEdlraraMgCnrgeRKaHBIkarTTYl)anyutþ iFm’

RbB½n§yutþiFm’RBhμTNÐrbs;km<úCa manbBaðaCaeRcIn b:uEnþ niTNÐPaB CabBaðanaMmuxeK.

ebIeyagtamGñkkaEst edvId Rb‘ÍgKøI (David Brinkley) BaküEdlskþismsRmab;eFVI

karBN’naRbB½n§tulakarkm<úCaenaHKWBakü {niTNÐPaB}.116

enAkm<úCa GñkrMelaPbMBanc,ab;

nigsiT§imnusS EtgEtedIrehIredayesrI edayBuMmankarcab;xøÜn nigCMnuMMCRmHelIGMeBIEdl

)anRbRBwtþeLIy. eRbd Gadam (Brad Adam) BIGgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS )ankt;smÁal;fa

enAkm<úCa enHKWCakarBit {ebIeTaHbICaGMeBIrbs;BYkeKRbRBwtþGaRkk;y:agNak¾eday}. elak

Gadam k¾)anbBa¢ak;Edrfa RbCaCnkm<úCamankarBi)akkñúgkarpþl;esckþITukcitþelIRbB½n§

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sgát;sgáinelImtiCMTas; nigeFIV[cuHexSayyutþiFm’eTAvij}.117

bBaðamYycMnYnEdlCaedIm

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4>3>1> kgVHÉkraCüKtiyutþ i

115

Breaking the Silence, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 6, TMB½r 5. 116

Brinkley, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 69, TMB½r 112-113.

117

GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS, Cambodia, 15 Years On, No Justice in Grenade Attack ¬éf¶TI29 Exmina qñaM

2012¦, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/03/29/cambodia-15-years-no-justice-grenade-

attack; GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS, dkRsg; Cambodia: Shame Courts Undermine Rights ¬27 ExFñÚ

qñaM2012¦, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/27/cambodia-sham-court-cases-

undermine-rights

39

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kgVl;d¾cm,g. GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alCaeRcIn)anbBa¢ak;fa tulakarkm<úCaminEmnCasßab½n

ÉkraCüenaHeT ehIysßab½nenHRKan;EtCa {Gay:g} rbs;rdæaPi)alkm<úCaEtb:ueNaÑH eRBaH

karEbgEckGMNacBitR)akdKWBuMmanenaHeT. rdæaPi)alman\T§iBly:agxøaMgelIRbB½n§tulakar

nig)aneRbIGMNacenHedIm,IeFVITukçbukemñjGñkriHKn;rdæaPi)al nigGñkkarBarsiT§imnusS.118

]TahrN_Edlcg¥úlbgðajBIkgVHkarEbgEckGMNacrvagraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigRbB½n§

tulakarkm<úCaenaHKWkarEdlfa elak Dit mnÞIr EdlCaRbFantulakarkMBUlrbs;km<úCa

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smaCikmñak;énKN³kmμkarGcié®nþy_EdlmansmaCik6nak;.119

krNIenHGacCakarrMelaPelI

RTwsþIEbgEckGMNac (trias politica). eyagtamGgÁkartmøaPaBGnþrCati EdlCaGgÁkarGnþr

CatiRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy enAkñúgqñaM 2011/2012 ÉkraCPaBénsßab½ntulakar

km<úCaBI\T§iBlxageRkA sßitkñúgelxerogTI96kñúgcMeNam142énRbeTsEdlRtÚv)anvay

témø.120

eyagtamkarsÞg;Caskl ¬Global Barometer¦ qñaM2013 rbs;GgÁkartmøaPaB

GnþrCati RbCaCnenAkm<úCaRbmaNCa60PaKryKitfa sßab½ntulakarenAkm<úCa)anTTYl

\T§iBlBIGMeBIBukrlYy121

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GñkdwknaMneya)ay)aneRbIR)as;muxtMENg nigGMNacrbs;xøÜnedIm,IbgçM[ecARkm nigRBHraC

118

Frontline Defenders, dkRsg;ecjBI 2013 Annual Report, Global Trends in 2012 for Human Rights

Defenders, TMB½r 10¬2013¦;

GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS, dkRsg;ecjBI Cambodia: Escalating Violence, Misuse of Courts ¬ExkumÖ³

qñaM2013¦, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/01/cambodia-escalating-violence-

misuse-courts 119

GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS, dkRsg;ecjBI Country Summary: Cambodia ¬Exmkra qñaM2012¦,

Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/cambodia_2012.pdf 120

Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 2012, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r

http://www.transparency.org/country#KHM 121

Transparency International Global Barometer 2013, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r:

http://www.transparency.org/gcb2013/country/?country=cambodia

40

GaCJa [ecjesckþIseRmcEdlxøÜncg;)an.122

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BuHBarCmñHGñkdwknaMénrdæEdlCak;EsþgCardæÉkbkS}.123

]TahrN_d¾l,ImYyGMBIkareRCótERCkneya)ay KWsMNMuerOgm©as;sßanIyviTüú elak

m:m sUNg;dU EdlCaGñkKaMBarsiT§imnusS nigskmμCnEdlniyay\tsMéc. enAeBlEdl

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GbKmn_EsVgrkÉkraCPaBBIkm<úCa.124

enAsaladMbUg elak sUNg;dU RtÚv)ankat;eTas[

Cab;Bn§naKarcMnYn 20qñaM. eRkaymk enA]T§rN_ eTasRtÚvBüÜr ehIyKat;RtÚvedaHElg

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karsøab;rbs;kumarIrgeRKaHeT.125

ebIeyagtammCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa krNIenHbgða

j[eXIjnUvPaBminesμIKñakñúgkarGnuvtþc,ab;km<úCa nigrebobEdlraCrdæaPi)al nwgeRbIR)as;

GMNacedIm,IseRmclT§plEdlmanPaBgayRsYlxagneya)ay.126

kareRbI

122

Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights, Human Rights 2012: The Year in

Review, TMB½r11 ¬ExkumÖ³ qñaM2013¦; World Justice Project, Rule of Law Index 2012-2013, TMB½r 73

¬2012¦. 123

GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS, dkRsg;ecjBI , Khmer Rouge Trial is Failing Cambodian Victims of Pol Pot’s

Regime ¬Exvicäika TI23 qñaM2011¦, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r

http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/11/23/khmer-rouge-trial-failing-cambodian-victims-pol-pots-regime 124

CCHR, Briefing Note, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 89, TMB½r 3-4. 125

K. Hodal, dkRsg;ecjBI GtßbT Cambodian Activist Mam Sonando to Be Freed in Days, THE GUARDIAN,

Exmina. TI14, qñaM2013, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/14/cambodian-

activist-mam-sonando-freed. 126

CCHR, Briefing Note, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx89, TMB½r 3-4.

41

R)as;tulakaredIm,IKMramkMEhgGñkKaMBarsiT§imnusSedaykarkat;eTas nigdak;[Cab;Bn§naKar

KWCaTRmg;F¶n;F¶rmYyénrukKYnedayeRbIR)as;RbB½n§tulakar.127

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GacnwgmanGaCIBCaecARkm)anRtwmry³eBlxøI CagecARkmNaEdleKarBtam.128

pÞúyeTA

vij raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaTTUcfa sßab½ntulakarkm<úCaCasßab½nEdlmanÉkraCü nig GBüaRkwtü

eBjelj.129

edaymanCMnYyBIGgÁkarshRbCaCati nig m©as;CMnYybreTs esckþIRBagc,ab;cMnYn3

EdlmanbMNgcg;begáInÉkraCPaBénRbB½n§tulakar RtÚv)anBeRgóg b:uEnþ minTan;)ancUlCa

Frman.130

c,ab;sMxan;TaMgenH nwgerobcMzananuRkmrbs;ecARkm nigRBHraCGaCJa erobcM

RbB½n§tulakar nig]tþmRkúmRbwkSaénGgÁecARkm EdlEtgtaMg nigdak;Bin½yelIecARkm.131

eKsgÇwmfa karGnum½tc,ab;TaMgenHnwgnaMmknUvkarpøas;bþÚrCaviC¢mansRmab;sßab½ntulakar

km<úCa eRBaHc,ab;TaMgenHnwgCYybegáItExSbnÞat;rvagGMNacnItiRbtibtþi nigGMNactulakar.

127

Frontline Defenders emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 118, TMB½r 4. 128

CCHR, Briefing Note, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 89, TMB½r 4. 129

Di Certo, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 89, TMB½r 25. 130

dUcxagelI.

enAExkBaØa qñaM2013 elaknaykrdæm®nþI h‘un Esn )aneFVIkarsnüakñúgkarGnum½tc,ab;cMnYnbIenAedIm

qñaM2014. Kevin Ponniah, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Judicial Reform Pledged by PM, kaEstPñMeBjb:usþ_, ExkBaØ

éf¶TI26 qñaM2013, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/judicial-reform-pledged-

pm. 131

CCHR, Briefing emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 89, TMB½r 3; r)aykarN_énGñkraykarN_BiesssþIGMBIsßanPaBsiT§i

mnusSenAkm<úCa, Surya P. Subedi, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/24/36, ¶ 15 ¬ExsIha TI5 qñaM2013¦;

r)aykarN_énGñkraykarN_BiesssþIGMBIsßanPaBsiT§imnusSenAkm<úCa Surya P. Subedi, U.N. Doc.

A/HRC/15/46, ¶¶ 19-29 ¬ExkBaØa TI16 qñaM2010¦.

42

4>3>2> GMeBIBukrlYy nigkgVHFnFan nigcMeNHdwg

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eqøIytbfaBYkeKFøab;sUk)a:n;nKr)al.132

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nItiRbtibtþi.133

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pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK.134

Caerogral;qñaM GgÁkartmøaPaBGnþrCatiEtgEtecjpSaytarag

karyl;eXIjénGMeBIBukrlYy. kare)aHBum<pSaycugeRkaybg¥s;qñaM2012 )ancMNat;fñak;

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132

Transparency International Global Barometer 2013, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r

http://www.transparency.org/gcb2013/country/?country=cambodia 133


CCHR, Briefing Note, kMNt;cMNaMelx 89/ TMB½r 2. 135

Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 2012, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r

http://www.transparency.org/country#KHM.

43

edaHElgCnsgS½y. GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS )anelIkeLIgfa {Gs;ry³eBlCayUr

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karesuIbGegát GacrYmcMENkdl;karesIubGegátmYyEdlmineBjelj.138

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136

GgÁkarXøaMemIlsiT§imnusS, dkRsg;ecjBI Cambodia: Investigate Government Cover-Up ¬ExFñÚ TI22

qñaM2012¦, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r

http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/22/cambodia-investigate-government-cover. 137


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44

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b:uEnþ ekrþ×eQμaHrbs;raCbNÐitsPaenHmanRbLak;dameTAedayerOgBukrlYy.140

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vis½ytulakark¾eday k¾vis½yTaMgBIrenHenAEtGPivDÆyWtCagvis½ydéT.141

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139

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2009¦, Gacrk)anenAeKhTMB½r

http://www.humanrights.asia/news/forwarded-news/AHRC-FAT-004-2009/?searchterm%3E. 141



M. Montesano, dkRsg;ecjBIGtßbT Current International Efforts in Cambodia: Developing a Court

System to Protect Human Rights, 11 J. L. & SOC. CHALLENGES 71, 72 ¬rdUvsøwkeQIRCúH 2009¦.

45

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144


Montesano, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 143, TMB½r 92. 146

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46

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147

bTsmÖasn_CamYyelak ehSót samemn RbFanKRmagenA CASC. 148

dUcxagelI.

47

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149

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Chatterjee, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 29, TMB½r 7.

48

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49

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50

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161

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saFarN³CaeRcInsaeTIbeQμaHnagRtÚv)ansrrsreBj edayminEmnCaGkSrkat;. 162


Asia Regional Cooperation to Prevent People Trafficking, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 96, TMB½r 44.

51

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min)anEsVgrkdMeNaHRsaytampøÚvc,ab;enaHeT b:uEnþ BYkKat;RBmTTYlsMNgCaluy.164

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eBlxøH GñkrYcrs;CIvityl;RBmeFVIkaredaHRsayeRkAtulakar.165

b:uEnþ BuMmanTinñn½y nig

kMNt;RtaEdlGacykmkeRbIR)as;sRmab;eFVIGMNHGMNag faetIkaredaHRsayRbePTenH

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edaysarGasIut kñúgkrNIxøH )anrkeXIjfa CnrgeRKaH)anTTYlsMNgsrubEtmþg

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m:unetsaNU k¾)anbBa¢ak;Edrfa enAkñúgsgÁmExμr karpSHpSa KWCabTdæanEdlCMrujeday

vb,Fm’.166

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cg¥úlbgðajxøHEdlfa RbEhlCaedayRbvtþisa®sþd¾higSarbs;RbeTskm<úCa buKÁlxøHman

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kñúgkarRbQmmuxKñaeTAvij.

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164

Cohan, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 59, TMB½r 218. 165

Bak;B½n§nwgkrNIEdl CASC edaHRsay manCnrgeRKaHBIrnak;)anyl;RBmTTYlykkaredaHRsayeRkA

tulakarcab;BIcugqñaM2012. 166

sUmemIl Montesano, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 143, TMB½r 75.

52

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RKb;RKan;sRmab;eFIVEbbenH.167

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karEsVgrkyutiþFm’k¾eday tamKMnitxJúM krNIenHminEmnsMedAeTAelICnrgeRKaHPaKeRcInenaHeT.

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167

karsÞg;mtiEpñkc,ab;rbs; CASC enAExtula qñaM2011.

53

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eTIbKat;{bMePøcerOgkþIenaHecal}.168

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enHGacnaMeTAdl;karesuIbGegátminmanlkçN³eBjelj naM[ecARkmesuIbGegátseRmccitþ

minbnþnItiviFICRmHkþIedaysarBuMmanP½sþútagRKb;RKan; b¤naM[mankaredaHElgEtmþg. enAeBl

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168

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RkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 88, maRta 40-41. 170

bTsmÖasn_CamYyelak ehSót samemn RbFanKeRmagenA CASC. 171

bTsmÖasn_CamYykBaØa qm plnarI, GñkRKb;RKgGgÁPaBc,ab;enA CASC; Asia Regional Cooperation to

Prevent People Trafficking, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 96, TMB½r 47.

54

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sarEtenAkm<úCaBuMTan;)anbegáItRbB½n§karBarsakSIenAeLIy.172

Cak;Esþg kaEst nigRbPB

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172


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55

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eTARtwmBIr b¤k¾bIqñaMb:ueNÑaH kñúgkrNIEdlCnrgRKaHsøab;.174

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TarkkñúgbnÞúkRtÚvemIlEfTaM.175

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174

Gollogly et al., emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 63, TMB½r 333. 175

tulakarextþkMBg;cam, 06/08/2011. 176

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56

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krNI elak d>G

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177

4000 erolesμInwgmYyduløar. 178

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dUcxagelI, maRta 20.

57

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182

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Gñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_cMnYn3nak;bdiesFminpþl;cemøIyelIIsMNYrenH. 185

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58

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59

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188

dUcxagelII. maRta 523-524.

60

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cMnYn]b,tþiehtuEdl)anraykarN_k¾mankarekIneLIgrhUteTAdl;bIdg. cMnYnénkarpþnÞaeTas

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rbs;m®nþInKr)al nig ecARkmcMeBaH®sþI.192

189


Shackle, emIlkMNt;cMNaMelx 51. 191


dUcxagelI.

61

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kñúgcMeNamkarvayRbharTaMgGs; manEtkarvayRbharrbs;

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sentence-upheld-in-acid-case.html

62

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bBaØtþirYmCamYynwgrebobviFIénkarGnuvtþc,ab;TaMgenaH. edaysarEtmankarvayRbhar

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sRmab;CnrgeRKaHénGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuItenAkm<úCa. karRsavRCavbnþeTotkñúgry³

eBlEvgCagenH CatRmÚvkarcaM)ac;kñúgkar)a:n;sμanBIGanuPaBrbs;c,ab;sþIBIGasuIt.

sRmab;eBlbc©úb,nñ karGnum½tc,ab;sþIBIGasuIt nigGnuRkwtüBak;B½n§ KWCaCMh‘aneTAmuxkñúg

karTTYl)anyutþiFm’eBjeljsRmab;CnrgeRKaHenAkm<úCa EdlkñúgenaH GñkrYcrs;CIvitBI

GMeBIhigSaedayGasIut mansiTi§TTYl)anyutþiFm’y:ageBjelj CnelμIsRtÚv)ankat;eTas

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nigdak;TNÐkmμy:agtwgruwg ehIyGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt nwgElgmanTal;EtesaHenAeBl

xagmux.

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jwkjab;eBkEdlCnrgeRKaHedaykarvayRbharedayTwkGasuIt min)anTTYlsMNg

sUm,IEtbnþic edayKμanmeFüa)ayTTYl)andMeNaHRsay nig yutþiFm’tampøÚvc,ab;.

bc©úb,nñenH zan³sgÁm-esdækic©rbs;CnrgeRKaH nigRbB½n§c,ab;EdlmancenøaHRbehag min)an

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karRKb;RKgGasuItxøaMg RtÚv)anGnum½teLIgkñúgeKalbMNgmYyEpñk edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða

xagelI nigbBa©b;niTNÐPaB.

b:uEnþ yutþiFm’GacTTYl)anluHRtaNaEtmanRbB½n§c,ab; EdlmanRbsiT§iPaB dMeNIrkar

eBjelj ÉkraCü nigminlem¥óg EdlRsbtamnItirdæ. edaysarRbB½n§c,ab;enA km<úCamin

Tan;mandMeNIrkarRtwmRtÚv c,ab; nigGnuRkwtüsþIBIGasuItEtÉg BuMTan;RKb;RKan;edIm,IFanafa Gñk

rYcrs;;CIvitBIGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuItGacTTYl)anyutþiFm’ dUcEdlBYkeKcg;)anenAeLIy.

raCrdæaPi)alénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa KYrEtxitxMRbwgERbg[)anRKb;RKan; edIm,IFana

fa karesuIbGegátRtwmRtÚvelIkarvayRbharedayGasuItRtÚv)aneFIVeLIg GñkrYcrs;CIvitTTYl

)ankarkarBarBIkarKMramkMEhg nigbM)at;karkaryl;eXIjminRtwmRtÚv nigFanafa Cnéddl;

énGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasIut RtÚv)anCMnMuCRmH nigdak;TNÐkmμ. b:uEnþ bBaðaecaTCa]bsKÁkñúg

karseRmc)ancMNucxagelIrYmman karxVHqnÞ³neya)ay GMeBIBukrlYy nigkgVHkarGnuvtþ

c,ab;EdlbNþalmkBIkgVHcMeNHdwg nig FnFan.

xageRkamCaGnuusasn_EdlGacnaM[QaneTArkyutþiFm’eRcInCagmun °

- RbCaCnkm<úCaKYrEtyl;dwgBIsiT§iEdlxøÜnman nigCMruj[yl;fa TTYlrgkarvayRbhar

edayTwkGasuIt KWminGacykehtuplNamYymkedaHsa)aneT. karyl;dwgenH

GacCMruj[BYkKat;rkdMeNaHRsaypøÚvc,ab;.

- esvakmμKYrEtmantémøsmrmü ehIyGñkrYcrs;CIvitBIkarvayRbharedayTwkGasuIt

minKYrRtÚv)anraraMgBIkarEsVgrkCMnYyEpñkc,ab; edaysarEtkarRBÜy)armÖBIbBaðahirBaØ

vtßúenaHeT. sßanPaBesdækic©rbs;buKÁlmñak;minKYrCaktþararaMgBIkarTTYl)anyutþiFm’

eLIy.

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- RbB½n§karBarCnrgeRKaH nigsakSI KYrEtRtÚvbegáIteLIg edIm,IkarBarkuM[sakSIbdiesF

karpþl;ksiNedaykarP½yxøackarsgswk. elIsBIenHeTAeTot sakSIKYrEtRtÚv)an

elIkTwkcitþ[pþl;ksiN.

- RBHraCGaCJa nigecARkm Gacmankaryl;eXIjGviC¢manelIGñkrYcrs;CIvit edayyl;

fa BYkKat;smnwgTTYlnUvGVIEdl)anekIteLIg. karyl;eXIjenHKWEp¥kelIkarTTYl

)anB½t’manGMBI nigkaryl;dwgGMBIbBaðaenH. karGnum½tc,ab;sþIBIGasuItKYrEtCaktþa

CMruj[m®nþItulakar)anyl;dwgBIGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIt)aneRcInCagmun nigCa

karCMrujbEnßmelIkarCMnuMCRmHGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIty:agskmμ.

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RbB½n§c,ab;k¾nwgmankan;EteRcIn. kar)andwg)anB¤BIerOgviC¢manBIGñkrYcrs;CIvitBIkar

rlakGasIutdUcKña GaceFVI[CnrgeRKaHmanCMenOTukcitþkan;EtxøaMg kñúgkarEsVgrk

yutþiFm’.

- karyl;dwgfa kardak;TNÐkmμelIGMeBIhigSaedayGasIut nwgminTMngCaekIteLIg

CamUlehtueFIV[manGMeBIhigSaedayTwkGasuIteTAéf¶mux. dUecñH karGnuvtþc,ab;sþIBI

GasuIt GaceFIV[raErkcMeBaHGñkEdlmanbMNgRbRBwtþbTelμIsenH.

- Gñkc,ab; KYrEtTTYl)ankarhVwkhVWnRKb;RKan; manCMnajeBjelj nigman

cMeNHdwgRKb;RKan; edIm,IkøayCasmaCikrbs;RbB½n§tulakar.

RbsiT§iPaBénc,ab;sþIBIGasuIt nigGnuRkwtü RtÚvEp¥kelIRbB½n§tulakar nigraCrdæaPi)al.

RbsinebIkarGnuvtþc,ab;)anRtwmRtÚv vanwgFanafa Cnéddl;énGMeBIhigSaGasIutElgTTYl

)anniTNÐPaBcMeBaHbTelμIsEdl)anRbRBwtþ. b:uEnþ cMNucenHGacseRmceTA)anluHRta

NaEtRbB½n§yutiþFm’mandMeNIrkarRtwmRtÚv. edIm,I[ekIteLIg vacaM)ac;tRmÚv[mankaresuIb

Gegát karCMnuMCRmH nigkarvinicä½yeTasRtwmRtÚv. eKalbMNgTaMgenHGacseRmc)an

RbsinebIGñkedIrtYkñúgRbB½n§yutþiFm’RBhμTNÐ nigrdæaPi)al )ancUlrYmshkarKña.

c,ab; nigeKalneya)aykm

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