C1 S3 Lecture

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Objectives

• Use a periodic table to name elements, given their symbols. (Duh)

• Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names. (Duh)

• Describe the arrangement of the periodic table.

• List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

• Distinguish between periods (rows) and families (groups or columns)

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1



Point of interest

• The periodic table has only recently been put into common use

• The elements on the periodic table have been around since the dawn of time

• Many of the names do not corrispond with the chemical symbols

• Why is that?




Introduction to the Periodic Table





Regions of the Periodic Table




• The vertical columns of the periodic table are called

groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar

chemical properties.

• The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table

are called periods. • Physical and chemical properties change

somewhat regularly across a period.





• The vertical columns of the periodic table are called

groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar

chemical properties.

• I know that you just copied this slide down and we

read what alkeli metals are like.• But I find it’s much more useful to actually see…




Types of Elements Metals • A metal is an element that is a good electrical

conductor and a good heat conductor.

• Properties of metals

• most are solids at room temperature

• malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets

• ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire

• conduct electricity and heat well




Types of Elements

• Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals




Types of Elements

Nonmetals • A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of

heat and electricity.

• Properties of nonmetals

• many are gases

• solids are brittle

• poor conductors of heat and electricity




Types of Elements

• Various nonmetal elements (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine




Types of Elements

Metalloids • A metalloid is an element that has some

characteristics of metals and some characteristics of

nonmetals.

• Properties of metalloids• all metalloids are solids at room temperature• semiconductors of electricity




Types of Elements

Noble Gases • elements in Group 18 of the periodic table• generally unreactive• gases at room temperature

A note on Noble Gases• Remember, argon was the substance used to

contain the cesium and rubidium• Only the unreactive environment provided by

noble gases can contain cesium and rubidium




End of Chapter 1



Multiple Choice

1. Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. The reactants in this reaction are

A. magnesium and magnesium chloride.

B. hydrochloric acid and hydrogen gas.

C. magnesium and hydrochloric acid.

D. magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 1



Multiple Choice


2. Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume is

A. a liquid.

B. an element.

C. a solid.

D. a gas.



3. We know that air is a mixture and not a compound because

A. it can be heated to a higher temperature.

B. it can be compressed to a smaller volume.

C. it is colorless.

D. its composition can vary.


Multiple Choice



Multiple Choice

3. We know that air is a mixture and not a compound because

A. it can be heated to a higher temperature.

B. it can be compressed to a smaller volume.

C. it is colorless.

D. its composition can vary.




Multiple Choice


4. Matter can be defined as anything that

A. has weight.

B. has mass and volume.

C. is uniform throughout.

D. exhibits both chemical and physical properties.



Multiple Choice


5. Which of the following is best classified as a

homogeneous mixture?

A. pizza

B. blood

C. hot tea

D. copper wire



Multiple Choice

5. Which of the following is best classified as a

homogeneous mixture?

A. pizza

B. blood

C. hot tea

D. copper wire




Multiple Choice

6. A compound differs from a mixture in that a compound

A. contains only one element.

B. varies in chemical composition depending on the sample size.

C. has a definite composition by mass of the elements that the compound contains.

D. can be classified as either heterogeneous or homogeneous.




Multiple Choice

7. Which of the following is not a physical state of matter?

A. solid

B. gas

C. element

D. liquid




Multiple Choice

8. Three of the following must contain two or more kinds of atoms. Which one does not contain two or more kinds of atoms?

A. element

B. compound

C. homogeneous mixture

D. heterogeneous mixture




Multiple Choice

9. Which of the following symbols does not match the element name given?

A. Al, aluminum

B. Co, copper

C. K, potassium

D. P, phosphorus




Short Answer

10. Give three examples of mixtures, and tell whether each one is homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give three examples of compounds.




Short Answer

10. Give three examples of mixtures, and tell whether each one is homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give three examples of compounds.

Answer: Answers will vary.




Short Answer11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we

observe the following properties. Tell whether each one is a chemical property or a physical property.A. Its mass is 124.3 g.B. It is a shiny solid at room temperature.C. It is easily etched by nitric acid.D. It melts when heated to 670°C.E. It is 31.7 centimeters long.F. It is a good heat conductor.G. It burns in air.H. It is a good conductor of electrical energy.




Short Answer11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we

observe the following properties. Tell whether each one is a chemical property or a physical property.A. Its mass is 124.3 g. physical propertyB. It is a shiny solid at room temperature. physical propertyC. It is easily etched by nitric acid. chemical propertyD. It melts when heated to 670°C. physical propertyE. It is 31.7 centimeters long. physical propertyF. It is a good heat conductor. physical propertyG. It burns in air. chemical propertyH. It is a good conductor of electrical energy. physical property




Extended Response

12. Describe the difference between a chemical change and a physical change. Give one example of each kind of change.




Extended Response

12. Describe the difference between a chemical change and a physical change. Give one example of each kind of change.

Answer: In a chemical change, one or more substances are converted into different substances. A physical change does not involve a change in the identity of the substance or substances present. Examples of each kind of change will vary.




Extended Response


13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.



13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Answer: metals: shiny; good conductors of heat; good conductors of electricity; malleable or ductile; most are solids at room temperature

nonmetals: poor conductors of heat; poor conductors of electricity; many are gases at room temperature; those that are solids are brittle rather than malleable or ductile

metalloids: properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals; less malleable than metals but not as brittle as solid nonmetals; most are semiconductors of electricity


Extended Response

C1 S3 Lecture

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