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MORAL, ETHICS, AND ETHICAL

DILEMMA

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Topic Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, students will able to:

1) explain ethical/moral dilemma through own

experience sharing and how their personalvalues guide their ethical decision making.

2) explain the interactive relationship between

business and society.

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MY MORAL DILEMMAWrite an essay no longer than two pagesWrite an essay no longer than two pages

regarding your personal moral dilemma that youregarding your personal moral dilemma that you

have encountered in your personal life.have encountered in your personal life. (Be sure(Be sure

that you have moral dilemma rather than simplythat you have moral dilemma rather than simply

a social issue. A moral dilemma is not alwaysa social issue. A moral dilemma is not always

the same as a moral issue. Something may be athe same as a moral issue. Something may be amoral issue for society but not a moral dilemmamoral issue for society but not a moral dilemma

or issue for you, or vice versa.) Then, how youor issue for you, or vice versa.) Then, how you

deal with the moral dilemma.deal with the moral dilemma. Explain yourExplain yourpersonal values which have guided you inpersonal values which have guided you in

dealing with the dilemma.dealing with the dilemma.

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Based from your own experience on

Moral Dilemma, what influent yourpersonal moral standards?

•• Moral standards are principles based onMoral standards are principles based on

religious, cultural, or philosophical beliefs byreligious, cultural, or philosophical beliefs by

which judgement are made about good or badwhich judgement are made about good or bad

behaviour. These beliefs can come from manybehaviour. These beliefs can come from many

different sources:different sources:

Religion

MoralCompass Family

Friends

Education

EthnicB’ground

Role Model/

Mentor

Media

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HYPOTHETICAL CASE: MORAL DILEMMA

Assuming that you are the Dean of UniKL MIAT.Assuming that you are the Dean of UniKL MIAT.

One day, a single mother come to you crying inOne day, a single mother come to you crying in

tears appealing for her son who has beentears appealing for her son who has beensuspended for 1 semester after got caughtsuspended for 1 semester after got caught

(unintentionally) bringing notes inside(unintentionally) bringing notes inside

examination halls. The suspension decisionexamination halls. The suspension decision

was justified after due investigation accordingwas justified after due investigation according

to the University Rules and Regulations. But theto the University Rules and Regulations. But the

single mother claimed that her boy was a verysingle mother claimed that her boy was a very

good boy (citing an example that he was willinggood boy (citing an example that he was willingto go home during examination weeks to helpto go home during examination weeks to help

his mother packing things for moving to newhis mother packing things for moving to new

house). WHAT YOU WILL DO NEXT?house). WHAT YOU WILL DO NEXT?

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Fundamental Questions of

Individual Human Being

• Can we do “anything” and “everything” what we

want to “anybody” in this world?• How people live their lives according to a standard

of “right” or “wrong”? Where do people look for

guidance in deciding what is right or wrong or bad?• How do people then interact with other members

of their community or society as a whole who may

or may not share the same ethical principal?

NOW….change all the words in RED font above withthis word….BUSINESS..and re-answer the questions!

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Fundamental Questions of

Business Entities• Can a business do anything what we want to

anybody in this world?

• How businesses live its lives according to astandard of “right” or “wrong”? Where dobusinesses look for guidance in deciding what isright or wrong or bad?

• How do businesses then interact with othermembers of the business community or publicsociety as a whole who may or may not share the

same ethical principal? You may find similar scenario in both as individualhuman being and as business entity since they lives inthis same world! So, whatever career you will be in thefuture, you cannot run away from this dilemma.

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Golden Rules of Morality andEthics

 “Speak the truth even though it is bitter” 

 “Speak the truth even though infront of acruel kings ” 

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Definition: Moral & EthicsFind the definition of Ethics from the researcharticle by Khalidah, Rohani, and Mashitah

(2010). From those definition, infer themeaning of “Business Ethics”.

Tips: Look for 1) Nikel et. al. (2008) @ INTRODUCTION 2) Lilie (1971) @ INTRODUCTION 

3) Mauro et. al. (1999) @ INTRODUCTION 4) Crane & Matten (2007) @ INTRODUCTION 5) Wiley (1995) @ LITERATURE REVIEW [Find what are the “ same ” and what are “ similar  ” among

those definitions].

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Definition: Moral & Ethics

Find the definition of Ethics from theresearch article by Khalidah, Rohani, and

Mashitah (2010). From those definition,infer the meaning of “Business Ethics”.

Definition: Value Values can be defined as those things that

are important to or valued by someone/org.Example UniKL's core values - in this case,commitment, integrity, teamwork,

innovativeness and excellence.

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Difference between Moral & Ethics

Morals define personal character, whileethics stress a social system in which those

morals are applied. In other words, ethicspoint to standards or codes of behavioursexpected by the group to which the

individual belongs. This could be nationalethics, social ethics, company ethics,professional ethics, or even family ethics. Sowhile a person’s moral code is usuallyunchanging, the ethics he or she practices

can be other-dependent.

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Diff. between Moral & Ethics (con.)

Example: A criminal defense lawyer. Though

the lawyer’s personal moral code likely finds

murder immoral and reprehensible, ethicsdemand the accused client be defended as

vigorously as possible, even when the lawyer

knows the party is guilty and that a freeddefendant would potentially lead to more crime.

Legal ethics must override personal morals for

the greater good of upholding a justice system inwhich the accused are given a fair trial and the

prosecution must prove guilt beyond a

reasonable doubt.

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Cases• Cases 1.1 : The Overcrowded Lifeboat

• Cases 1.2 : Sophie’s Choice

• Cases 1.3 : Husband’s Choice

Instructions:

1)Split into 6 groups. Two groups will takeone case.

2)Answer the questions given.