The MacedoniansNorth of GreeceGreeks considered them

foreignersMacedonian King Phillip

II saw Greek city-states weakness

Began raising armyConquered northern

territories

The GreeksDemosthenes warned the GreeksCouldn’t agree on a way to defend

themselves338 B.C. Macedonians defeated

the Greeks at ChaeroneaGreece now ruled by King Phillip IIPlanned to attack Persians next

Alexander the GreatKing Phillip II was murderedHis son, Alexander took over

Just turned 20Student of AristotleLove sport, especially riding

BucephalusInherited Macedonia and all of Greece

Greeks thought they could regain their freedom

The Conquests of AlexanderWorked w/ Greeks to attack

PersiaGreeks willing to fight for

himMarched on to Persia

Dominated first Persian army at the Granicus River

The Conquests of AlexanderKing Darius (Persia) tried to negotiate

Alexander didn’tPlanned to conquer all of Persian empire

Headed to conquer EgyptAccepted Alexander as a liberatorNamed him PharaohFounded Alexandria

Moved east - to King Darius at GaugamelaAttacked King Darius and his huge army

The Conquests of AlexanderConquered Babylon, Susa, PersepolisNow ruled Greece, Egypt, Phoenicia, Palestine, Babylonia,

Assyria, Asia Minor and Persia

Conquests of AlexanderLeft Persia, rode to IndiaKing Porus (India) heard

he was comingWaited on far side of river

Alexander’s troops crossed the river and defeated the army

End of Alexander’s CampaignTroops got tired, wanted to go homeAlexander agreed to turn backSpring 323 B.C. they had reached Babylon

Alexander planned to unify his empireDied from a fever weeks later

Conquests of Alexander

Dividing Alexander’s KingdomAntigonusKing of MacedoniaControl of Greek city-statesPtolemyEgyptBecame PharaohSeleucusPersian empireKnown as Seleucid Kingdom

HellenismB/c of Alexander, Greek culture spread and blended

with Egyptian, Persian, Indian cultureInfluenced: language, trade, development, science,

technology, math, philosophy, art

Hellenism - LanguageLanguage:

“Koine” - commonInfluenced by GreekSharing language = sharing ideas

Hellenism - TradeAlexandria became

trading capitalPopulation 1/2 million

Access to the seasCommerce helped city

grow, prosperIncreased cultural mixing

Hellenism - DevelopmentBroad streets lined with

statuesTomb for AlexanderMuseum

Art galleriesZooBotanical gardensDining hallInstitute for study

Alexandrian LibraryProduced brilliant

scholarsPharos - lighthouse

overlooking harbor

Hellenism - AstronomyAristarchus

Estimated the sun larger than EarthProposed that the Earth and planets

revolve around the sunPut planets in proper order

EratosthenesUsed geometry to compute Earth’s

circumferenceInvented leap dayCreated map of the world

Hellenism - Math and PhysicsEuclid

Wrote ElementsWork is the basis for geometry

ArchimedesEstimated value of ∏Explained the laws of leversArchimedes screwCompound pulley

Hellenism - ArchimedesArchimedes screw • Law of Levers

Hellenism - PhilosophyFocused on how people should live their lives

Stoicism:Founded by ZenoLive life in harmony with

will of god(s)Desires were distractionsPromoted social unityFocus on what can be

controlled

• Epicureanism:– Founded by Epicurus– Gods ruled the universe, had

no interest in humans– Reality (truth) is what could

be perceived by the senses– Greatest good is virtuous

behavior, absence of pain– Harmony of body, mind

Hellenism - ArtMoved away from idealized formsRealism

New subjectsMore naturalUsed bronze, metals

Sculpture flourishedColossus of Rhodes

Over 100 feet highNike - winged victory

For next class…Distribute Review SheetsReview for Academic Olympiad next classTEST – 3/5 EVEN, 3/6 ODDG-SPRITE – Due 3/5 EVEN, 3/6 ODDTerm Corrections - Due 3/5 EVEN, 3/6 ODD