C LIMATE C ORPS B AY A REA 2012 T RAINING Day 3. C LIMATE C ORPS B AY A REA 2012 T RAINING Questions...
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Transcript of C LIMATE C ORPS B AY A REA 2012 T RAINING Day 3. C LIMATE C ORPS B AY A REA 2012 T RAINING Questions...
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Climate Corps Bay Area
2012 TrainingDay 3
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
RecapQuestions from yesterday
Logistics for today
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Energy ConceptsKif Scheuer
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
What is Energy?The capacity to do work
comes in many formsTo do work energy converts from one form to another
5
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
How Hard Does Kif Work?Kif climbs a ladder in 10 seconds.Kif’s rate of work = 60kg * 1.5m * 10m/s^2 / 10s = 90 Watts
1.5 mladder
60 kgmass
~10 m/s^2 gravitational acceleration
Three 30-watt light bulbs
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
ENERGY VS. POWERWatts (W) and kilowatts (kW) measure
power, or the rate at which work is performed.
Watt-hours (Wh) and kilowatt-hours (kWh) measure energy, or the quantity of electricity used.
Demand is measured in watts, Consumption is measured in watt hours.
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Power Vs. Energy
12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Watt
s
Time
Energy: ~12 kWh
Power: 2.1 kW
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Powerful Definitions1 Ampere – A charge carrying 6.2 x 10^18
electrons per second.1 Volt – The difference in electric potential
across a wire when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power.
Watts = Volts x Amps
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Ohm’s LawV (voltage) = I (current) X R (resistance)
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Electricity Transmission
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
The Electricity GridLinks power plants to load
centersLinks transmission lines
togetherPower is ‘pooled’ in the
transmission system, and each distribution system draws from the pool
‘System’ has diversity of sources
150 computerized control centers to dispatch generators as needed
An electron is an electron!
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Grid EfficienciesPower Plants
Old Coal 35%New Coal 60%Wind 45%Solar PV 15%
T&D6-8% loss$20 billion/yr
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Categories of Power PlantsBase-load Power
plants – run all the time (nuclear)
Peaking power plants – run to meet peak loads (old coal or oil fired)
Intermediate power plants – meet constantly changing loads (Nat gas)
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Power Mix
Renewable vs. Non-renewable power
Climate Neutral power
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Consumption
Source: U.S. EIA, Monthly Energy Review (March 2012)
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Historical Trends
Source: U.S. EIA, Annual Energy Review 2010
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Historical Consumption
Source: U.S. EIA, Annual Energy Review 2010
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Energy Costs
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
How to Read your Energy BillElectricity
Baseline Usage: $0.11 per kWhTier 1: 30% above Baseline, $0.13 per kWhTier 2: 70% above Baseline, $0.23 per kWhTier 3: 100% above Baseline, $0.31 per kWhTier 4: 300%+ above Baseline, $0.36 per kWh
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
How We Use Energy
21
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Common Appliance Energy Use
ApplianceWatts (W)
Average Hours
Used Per Month
EnergyUsed per
Month (kWh)
Average Cost per Month
($)*
CO2 Emissions per Month
(Lbs)**
Refrigerator/Freezer (Energy Star) 800 117 94 12 47
Refrigerator/Freezer (Pre 1992) 600 215 129 17 65
Flat Screen TV 120 120 14 2 7
DVD Player 22 45 1 0 0
Microwave 1,000 15 15 2 8
Clothes Dryer - Electric 4,600 20 92 12 46
*$0.13 per kWh
**0.5 lbs CO2 per kWh
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Benefits of Energy EfficiencyImpacts from historical Investment in
Energy Efficiency in California versus US as a whole
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Energy in California – Efficiency and Renewables
Robert MarcielPG&E Pacific Energy Center
Christine PrestellaPacific Gas & Electric Government and Community Partnerships
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Lunch1 Hour
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Energy BreakoutsBasic Energy Audits Benchmarking Tools
Solar Basics
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Field TripTransit
Meeting location
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING
Academy of Sciences55 Music Concourse Drive San Francisco,
CA 94118We are driving a 15 person van and 1
minivan (holds 6).If you want to leave from the Academy you
can. If you don’t travel with us meet up at the
back of the building at 330.
CLIMATE CORPS BAY AREA 2012 TRAINING