C HAPTER 6 C ELLULAR R ESPIRATION : O BTAINING E NERGY FROM F OOD General Biology CM Lamberty.
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Transcript of C HAPTER 6 C ELLULAR R ESPIRATION : O BTAINING E NERGY FROM F OOD General Biology CM Lamberty.
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CHAPTER 6 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: OBTAINING ENERGY FROM FOODGeneral Biology
CM Lamberty
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BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY
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ENERGY FLOW AND CHEMICAL CYCLING
Animals depend on plants to covert solar energy to
Photosynthesis
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PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS
Plants and other autotrophs (self-feeders)
Heterotrophs (other-feeders)
Producers
Consumers
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CHEMICAL CYCLYING: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Chemical ingredients for photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Cellular respiration
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CHEMICAL CYCLYING: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Waste products of cellular respiration
Animals
Plants
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION : AEROBIC HARVEST OF FOOD ENERGY
Respiration
Cellular respiration
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OVERALL EQUATION OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION Glucose
Many chemical steps
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ROLE OF OXYGEN IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION
38 ATP for each glucose
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REDOX REACTIONS
Chemical reactions involving transfer of electrons
Loss of electrons: Gain of electrons:
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Cellular respiration is a fall of electrons Results in release of energy
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NADH AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINS
Path of electrons from glucose to oxygen NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
NADH transfers electrons via electron transport chain
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OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Metabolic pathway
Three stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
Electron transport
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THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Stage 1: Glycolysis (w/ most of E)
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Energy investment phase
Carbon atomPhosphategroup
High-energyelectron
Key
Glucose
2 ATP2 ADP
INPUT OUTPUT
Figure 6.7-1
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THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle
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THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Stage 3: Electron Transport
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VERSATILITY OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration can also “burn”: Diverse types of carbohydrates Fats proteins
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ADDING UP THE ATP FROM CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Remember up to 38 ATP/glucose Glycolysis and citric acid cycle each
contribute 2 ATP by direct synthesis Remaining from “fall” of electrons in
transport chain Each pair dropped down from NADH = 3 ATP Each pair dropped down from FADH2 = 2 ATP
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FERMENTATION: ANAEROBIC HARVEST OF FOOD ENERGY
Cells can work for short periods w/o O2 Fermentation is anaerobic harvest of food
energy
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FERMENTATION IN HUMAN MUSCLE CELLS
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FERMENTATION IN MICROORGANISMS
Fermentation alone is able to sustain many microorganisms
The lactic acid produced by microbes is used to produce:
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LIFE BEFORE AND AFTER OXYGEN
Glycolysis used by ancient bacteria to make ATP when little oxygen available and before organelles evovled
Today glycolysis Occurs in almost all organisms Is a metabolic heirloom of the first stage in the
breakdown of organic molecules
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